PROMINENT WINGS - Enhancing Relationship between...
Transcript of PROMINENT WINGS - Enhancing Relationship between...
BRIEF IDENTIFICATION GUIDE
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PROMINENT WINGS
1. 2 wings, hind wings are modified into Halteres- Diptera
a. Large globular eyes, aristate antennae. Mouth parts sponging and sucking type.
Usually bulky bodied, but variations are there- Flies
i. Slender body, hovering (when alive), 1st/2nd abdominal segment having
T-shaped blackish mark- Syrphid flies [Hoverfly, drone fly]
ii. Bulky bodied with metallic green/blue body colour- Calliphorid fly
[Green bottle fly, Blue bottle fly]
iii. Very small, slender/slim bodied, metallic green coloured- Long-legged
fly [family- Dolichopodidae]
iv. Large fly with many large spine-like hairs covering the body- Tachinids
[family- Tachinidae]
v. More or less same as above but hairs are much smaller and less in
number. Thorax has dorsal 4 black lines- Flesh fly
b. Slender. Eyes are small. Mouth parts are thin needle-like, antennae are more or
less bushy- Mosquitoes and midges
Housefly Flesh fly
Tachinid
Hoverfly Drone fly
Green bottle fly
Blue bottle fly
Long-legged fly
Midge
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2. 4 wings - Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Ephemeroptera, Neuroptera, Hemiptera (Sub-
order- Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha)
a. Wings with scale, spirally coiled proboscis- Lepidoptera
i. Body less hairy- butterflies [except for Hesperidae (skipper, swift, bob
etc.) group]
ii. Body extremely hairy, pale in colour- Moths
b. Wings are membranous, without scale. Thorax and abdomen separated by
narrow waist- Hymenoptera
i. Body hairy- Bees
ii. Body not so hairy- Wasp
iii. Slender body. Winged/without wings. Elbowed antennae with long
scape. Pedicel petiolate- Ant
c. Four membranous wings, front wings larger than hind ones. Adomen with two
or three long filaments. No mouth parts- Ephemeroptera [Mayflies]
d. Similar to Ephemeroptera but wings are held over the abdomen. No abdominal
filaments- Neuroptera [Lacewings, Antlions, Owlflies]
Fig: Very brief Schematic Diagram of Ant
Hesperid butterfly Moth
Scape Flagellum/ Funiculus
Petiole
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e. Wings held roof-like over abdomen. Large head. Sucking, piercing mouth parts-
Hemiptera- Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha [Hoppers, Aphids etc.]
MODIFIED WINGS
1. Four wings. 1st pair of wings hardened/ thickened completely forming Elytra. 1st pair is
as long as abdomen protecting the hind wings which are membranous. Abdomen
without forceps- Coleoptera [Beetles] 2. Similar to Coleoptera but with short thickened wing covers and with abdominal forceps-
Dermaptera [Earwigs]
Mayfly
Antlion Owlfly
Brown lacewing
Green lacewing
Leaf hopper
Tree hopper
Plant hopper
NOTE: If there are no forceps, but all are same as earwigs, then it is Rove Beetle [Order-
Coleoptera, Family- Staphylinidae]
Earwigs Rove beetle
Aphid (winged)
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3. Resembling Coleoptera, but the posterior half of the front thickened wings somewhat
translucent or thinner and with veins. They have sucking mouthparts- Hemiptera, Sub-
order- Heteroptera [True bugs]
4. Four wings, front ones somewhat thickened. Jumping hind legs. Hind wings, when
open, spread like fans- Orthoptera [Grasshoppers, crickets, katydids]
5. Wings similar to Orthoptera but they have grasping front legs instead of jumping hind
legs- Mantodea [Praying mantis/mantis/mantids]
Acanthocephala terminalis (Leaf-footed bug)
Leptocorisa varicornis
Cricket
Grasshoppers Katydid
Mantis
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6. Similar to Orthoptera but with flattened body, long antennae and no enlarged legs-
Blattodea [Cockroaches, termites]
Alate Termites
Cockroach & roaches
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HALTERE
HEMIPTERAN TONGUE
POLLEN BASKET
*Many information and photographs were taken from various websites
Abdominal Pollen Basket in Megachilid bee