Prokaryote Microorganisms 11.0 Classify animals according to type of skeletal structure, method of...
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Transcript of Prokaryote Microorganisms 11.0 Classify animals according to type of skeletal structure, method of...
Prokaryote Microorganisms
11.0 Classify animals according to type of skeletal structure, method of fertilization and reproduction, body symmetry, body coverings, and locomotion.Examples: skeletal structure - �vertebrates, invertebrates;fertilization- external, �internal;reproduction -sexual, asexual;�body symmetry- bilateral, �radial, asymmetrical;body coverings- feathers, �scales, fur;locomotion- cilia, flagella, �pseudopodia
Prokaryotes: What is a prokaryote?
Lack a nucleus Unicellular
What 2 Kingdoms would include prokaryotes?
What 2 Domains would include prokaryotes?
Recall that under the 5 Kingdom Classification System, ALL prokaryotes were included in one kingdom – Monera.
Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria)
Found almost everywhere
Usually surrounded by a cell wall that protects it and determines its shape.
Cell walls contain peptidoglycan
_________________ surrounds the cytoplasm inside the cell wall.Source:
http://danmarkltd.tripod.com/taxonomy/id6.html
Archaebacteria (Domain: ??)
Lack peptidoglycan in the cell wall Have membrane lipids not found in
other organisms Can be found in extreme
environments DNA sequences of key genes are
more like those of eukaryotes than eubacteria
Identification of Prokaryotes:
1. Shape: a. Bacilli – rod-shapedb. Cocci – sphericalc. Spirilla - spiral and corkscrew-shaped
2. Cell walls – Gram staininga. Violet (primary) stain stains the peptidoglycanb. Alcohol wash will rinse the stain from thin-
membraned organisms (Gram -), but not from thick-walled (Gram +).
c. Red (counterstain) will make Gram - organisms look pink or light red.
3. Movement – no movement, flagella, snakelike movements, or gliding along secreted slime.
Source:http://mrwrightsclass.net/projects/period4/paige_maria_andreas/EUBACTERIA/eubacteria.html
Metabolic Diversity Heterotrophs:
Chemoheterotrophs – use organic (carbon-based) compounds for energy
Photoheterotrophs – use light for energy, but also need organic compounds for carbon
Autotrophs: Photoautotrophs – use _______ to convert ____ and
_____ to ________ and ________. One type of photoautotroph is cyanobacteria,
which contain a bluish pigment and chlorophyll . Chemoautotrophs:
make organic molecules from CO2, but without light
Use energy from chemical reactions occurring around them
Growth & Reproduction
1. Binary fission – a bacterium doubles in size, duplicates its DNA, and divides in half.
2. Conjugation – the exchange of DNA across a hollow bridge formed by intertwined pili.
3. Spore formation – under adverse conditions, some organisms can form a thick internal wall around its DNA until conditions are more favorable.
Summary: some sexual, some asexual methods
Why Are Bacteria Important?
Decomposers Nitrogen fixers for plants Human uses:
Foods and beverages Clean up oil spills Synthesize drugs and chemicals Help us digest foods