projecton-131015074104-phpapp01

8/10/2019 projecton-131015074104-phpapp01

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MAIN PROJECT # 1

SUMMITED BY:OM PRAKASH


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Routing is the act of moving information (datapackets) across an inter-network from a source node

to a destination node.Routing decisions for a packet is taken by the routers

on the basis of the routing tables

Routing tables of the routers are either provided to

the routers by the Network Admins or that isgenerated by the routers it self by using dynamicrouting techniques

What is IP Routing?


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IGP stands for Interior Gateway Protocols, is the set

consists of protocols could be implemented on the

network owned by some Autonomous System (AS) orfirm ( Privately owned)

For the transfer of packets between different ASs werequire Exterior Gateway Protocols e.g. BGP

The IGPs set consists protocols like OSPF,RIP,IGRPEIGRP etc.

WHAT IS IGPs ?


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The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is an

Interior Gateway Protocol used to distribute routing

information within a single Autonomous System It is defined in Reference For Comments document

(RFC 2328)

OSPF is a link-state routing protocol, which meansthat changes in routing are based on the status andspeeds of the physical links in the networkedrouters, and changes are immediately propagated toevery router on the network

About OSPF
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2328.txthttp://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2328.txt


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It is most used IGP

It has several features like:

Consists of areas and autonomous systems

Minimizes routing update traffic

Allows scalability

Supports VLSM/CIDR Has unlimited hop count

Allows multi-vendor deployment (open standard)

Why OSPF


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Lets consider that we have to configure a network

for a medium level firm

The firm consists three CISCO ROUTERS of 2600series (with IOS v-12) which are to be configuredusing the OSPF v2

Sub-networks for different departments finance,marketing, sales and HR has to be created(RoutersR1 and R2 )

There is also a Wi-Fi network to be configured forWi-Fi devices (Router R3)

Problem Statement


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Problem Scenario


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Cisco Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulationprogram, widely used for training, research and

education (using v5.3.2)As it is not feasible to use actual physical router just for

experimental purposes, so we require some simulator todo the leanings in which we are primarily interested

There are benefits of using the simulator as well like wecan approximate the behavior of our system in actualscenario

About Cisco's Packet Tracer


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Configurations on the Router R0 Router> Router>enable Router#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname R0 R0(config)# R0(config)#router ospf 12 R0(config-router)#network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 area R0(config-router)#network 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 R0(config-router)#network 192.168.3.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 R0(config-router)#network 192.168.4.1 0.0.0.0 area 0

R0(config-router)#exit R0(config)# R0(config)#ip dhcp pool admin R0(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.3.1 R0(dhcp-config)# dns-server 192.168.4.2 R0(dhcp-config)#exit R0(config)#write

Configurations on Routers


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Configurations on the Router R1 R1(config)# R1(config)#router ospf 12 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.11.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)#exit R1(config)# R0(config)#write Configurations on the Router R2

R2(config)# R2(config)#router ospf 12 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.11.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config-router)#exit R2(config)# R0(config)#write

Cont


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The routing table of router R0 : Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 192.168.1.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 192.168.2.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0

C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet3/0 192.168.4.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.4.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.1.2, 05:45:31, FastEthernet1/0 O 192.168.11.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.1.2, 05:45:31, FastEthernet1/0 O 192.168.20.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.2.2, 05:45:31, FastEthernet2/0 O 192.168.21.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.2.2, 05:45:31, FastEthernet2/0 R0#

Results


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The routing table of router R1 : 192.168.1.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

192.168.2.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 192.168.2.0 [110/2] via 192.168.1.1, 02:33:30, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.1.1, 05:51:59, FastEthernet0/0 192.168.4.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 192.168.4.0 [110/2] via 192.168.1.1, 05:51:59, FastEthernet0/0

C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0 O 192.168.20.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.1.1, 02:33:30, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.21.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.1.1, 02:33:30, FastEthernet0/0 R1#

Cont


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The routing table of router R2 :

192.168.1.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.1.0 [110/2] via 192.168.2.1, 05:55:04, FastEthernet0/0

192.168.2.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 192.168.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.2.1, 05:55:04, FastEthernet0/0

192.168.4.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.4.0 [110/2] via 192.168.2.1, 05:55:04, FastEthernet0/0



C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

C 192.168.21.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0

R2#

Cont


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Ping from Tablet PC0 to PC0:

PC>ping 192.168.10.2

Pinging 192.168.10.2 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.10.2: bytes=32 time=266ms TTL=126




Ping statistics for 192.168.10.2:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 156ms, Maximum = 266ms, Average = 191ms

Verification of Results


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TH NKING YOU

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