Project Work on textile industry

7/28/2019 Project Work on textile industry

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Organizational

study


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Industry profile

A textile or cloth is a flexible material consisting of a network

or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is

produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other

materials to produce long strands. Textiles are formed by

weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibres

together.

Prior to the manufacturing processes being mechanized,

textiles were produced in the home, and excess sold fo extra

money. Most cloth was made from wool, cotton, or flax,

depending on the era and location

The textile, textile product, and apparel manufacturing

industries include establishments that process fibre into fabric

and fabric into clothing and other textile products. While most

apparel manufacturers worldwide rely on people to cut andsew pieces of fabric together. There are three individual

industries covered- textile mills, textile product mills, and

apparel manufacturing.

Textile mills provide the raw material to make apparel and

textile products. They take natural and synthetic materials,


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such as cotton and polyester, and transform them into fibre,

yarn, and thread. Yarns are strands of fibres in a form ready for

weaving, knitting, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile

fabric. They form the basis for most textile production and

commonly are made of cotton, wool, or a synthetic fibre such

as polyester. Yarns also can be made of thin strips of plastic,

paper, or metal. To produce spun yarn, natural fibres such as

cotton and wool must first be processed to remove impurities

and give products the desired textile and durability, as well as

other characteristics. After this initial cleaning stage, the fibres

are spun into yarn.

Textile mills then go on to produce fabric by means of weaving

and kitting. Workers in weaving mills use complex, automated

looms to transform yarns into cloths. Looms weave or interlace

two yarns, so they cross each other at right angles to form

fabric. Knitting mills use automated machines to produce fabric

of interlocking loops of one or more yarns

At any time during the production process, a number of

processes, called finishing, may be performed on the fabric.

These processes which include dyeing, bleaching, and

stonewashing, among others may be performed by the textile

mill or at a separate finishing mill. Finishing encompasses

chemical or mechanical treatments performed on fibre, yarn,

or fibre to improve appearance, texture, or performance.


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Textile product mills convert raw textiles into finished products

other than apparel. Some of items made in this sector include

household items, such as carpets and rugs, towels, curtains

and sheets, cord and twine, furniture and automotive

upholstery, and industrial belts and fire hoses. Because the

process of converting raw fibres into finished textile products is

complex, most textile mills specialize.

The apparel manufacturing industry transforms fabrics

produced by textile manufacturers into clothing and

accessories. The apparel industry traditionally has consisted

mostly of production workers who performed the cutting and

sewing functions in an assembly line. This industry remains

labour intensive, despite advances in technology and

workplace practices. Although many workers still perform this

work to foreign suppliers to take advantage of lower labour

costs in other countries.

Many of the remaining production workers work in teams. For

example, sewing machine operators are organized into

production modules. Each operator in a module is trained to

perform nearly all of the functions required to assemble a

garment. Each module is responsible for its own performance,

and individuals usually receive compensation based on the

terms performance.


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Recent developments

The textile and apparel manufacturing industries are

among the most labour intensive manufacturing industries,

and therefore and increasing amount of textile products is

produced by foreign suppliers. Nonetheless, some textilemanufacturing still takes place in the united states. To remain

competitive, however, domestic manufacturers rely on being

extremely labour efficient. Advanced machinery is boosting

productively levels in textiles and fundamentally changing the

nature of work for employees. New technology also has led to

increasingly technical training for workers throughout theindustry. Computers and computer controlled equipment aid in

many functions, such as design, patternmaking, and cutting.

Other emerging technologies which improve plant efficiency

include wider looms, computerised equipment, and increased

use of robotics to move material within the plant.

The domestic apparel industry also benefits from laws

requiring the clothing worn by the armed services be produced

in the United States a law that was recently extended to cover

uniforms worn by Transportation Security Administrations

Officers. Although demand for these uniforms is greatly

outweighed by a much larger consumer goods market, it


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nonetheless will continue to employ some textile workers in

more labour intensive segments, such as cut and sew apparel

manufacturing.

Other domestically produced items tend to be custom or high

end items. One advantage the domestic industry has is its

closeness to the market and its ability to reach to changes in

fashion more quickly then its foreign competitors. Also, as

retailers consolidate and because more cost conscious, they

require more apparel manufacturers to move toward just in

time delivery systems, in which purchased apparel items are

quickly replaced by new items directly from manufacturers,

rather than from a large inventor kept b the retailer. Through

electronic data interchange mainly using barcodes in

formations quickly communicated to the manufacturers,

providing information not only on inventory, but also about the

desire of the public for particular fashions.

Some apparel firms have responded to growing competition by

merging with other apparel firms and by moving into the retail

market. In addition to the production of garments they also are

contracting out functions- for example, warehousing and order

fulfilment to concentrate on their strengths: design and

marketing. Computer aided design systems have led to the

development of product life cycle management, under which

potential new fashions can now be transmitted around the

planet over the Internet. Such changes may help the apparel


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manufacturing industry meet the growing competition and

continue to supply the Nations consumers with garments at an

acceptable cost.

Some Important Industries in the World

Perfect Exports Private Limited - Nepal

Good Top International Company Limited - Taiwan

Maruti Textiles - India

Texfab Engineers India Private Limited - India

Go Green Textiles India - India

Tepe Label - Turkey

Fractal Fashion - India

Flainox Srl - Italy


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Expo Dress Marketing - Bangladesh

M.M.Traders - India

History of textile industry

India has been well known for her textile goods since very

ancient times. The traditional textile industry of India was

virtually decayed during the colonial regime. However, the

modern textile industry took birth in India in the early

nineteenth century when the first textile mill in the country

was established at fort gloster near Calcutta in 1818. The

cotton textile industry, however, made its real beginning in

Bombay, in 1850s. The first cotton textile mill of Bombay was

established in 1854 by a Parsi cotton merchant then engaged

in overseas and internal trade. Indeed, the vast majority of the

early mills were the handiwork of Parsi merchants engaged in

yarn and cloth trade at home and Chinese and African

markets. The first cotton mill in Ahmadabad, which was

eventually to emerge as a rival centre to Bombay, was

established in 1861. The spread of textile industry to

Ahmadabad was largely due to the Gujarat trading class. The

cotton textile industry made rapid progress in the second half

of the nineteenth century and by the end of the century there

were 178 cotton textile mills; but during the year 1900 the

cotton textile industry was in bad state due to the great famine


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and a number of mills of Bombay and Ahmadabad were to be

closed down for long periods. The partition of the country at

the time of independence affected the cotton textile industry

also. The Indian union got 409 out of the 423 textiles mills of

the undivided India. 14 mills and 22 per cent of the land under

cotton cultivation went to Pakistan. Some mills were closed

down for some time. For a number of years since

independence, Indian mills had to import cotton from Pakistan

and other countries. After independence, Indian mills had to

import cotton from Pakistan and other countries. After

independence, the cotton textile industry made rapid strides

under the plans. Between 1951 and 1982 the total number of

spindles doubled from 11 million to 22 million. It increased

further to well over 26 million b 1989-90.

Textile Industry in India

The Indian textile industry has a significant presence in

the international textile economy. The Indian textile industry is

currently one of the largest and most importance sectors in the

economy in the terms of output foreign exchange earnings,

production and employment generation in India.

The Indian textile industry adds 14% to the industrial

production and 8% to the GDP of India. It provides employment

to 38 million people and thus, is the second largest


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employment provider after agriculture. The Indian apparel and

textile industry is one of the largest sources of foreign

exchange flows into the country with the apparel exports

accounting for almost 21% of the total exports of the country.

The textile industry has the potential to scale new height

in the globalised economy. The textile industry in India has

gone through significant changes in anticipation of increased

international competition. In human history, past and present

can never ignore the importance of textile in a civilization

decisively affecting its destinies, effectively changing its social

scenario.

Textile industry in India is the second largestemployment generator after agriculture. It holds significant

status in India as it provides one of the most fundamental

necessities of the people. Textile industry in India has vast

potential for creation of employment opportunities in the

agriculture, industrial, organised and decentralised sectors and

rural and urban areas, particularly for women and the

disadvantages. Indian textile industry is constituted of the

following segments: readymade Garments, Cotton Textiles

including Handlooms, Manmade Textiles, Silk Textiles, Woollen

Textiles, Handicrafts, Coir and Jute.

Textile industries in Tamil nadu


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Textile Industry of Tamil Nadu is the forerunner in

Industrial Development and in providing massive employment

in the State. It is predominantly Spinning-oriented. The State

Textile Industry has a significant presence in the National

economy also. Out of 2049 large and medium textile mills in

India, 893 mills are located in Tamil Nadu. Similarly, out of 996

small units in India, 792 are located in Tamil Nadu. The 893

large and medium textile mills include 18 Cooperative Spinning

Mills, 17 National Textile Corporation Mills and 23 Composite

Mills. The spinning capacity is 14.75 million spindles with a

labour force of about 2.17 lakhs. The Textile Industry in the

private sector has a very important role to play in the Industrial

field, with regard to employment potential, overall economic

and commercial activities. This industry enables the Central

and State Government to earn revenue, besides foreign

exchange through exports.


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Company profile

Jak industries is a family owned business. The

companys operations are totally vertical. Jak industries hasbeen in the fabric manufacturing business for past 30 years

and been manufacturing finished garments for the past 12

years. As a result the company has excellent expertise in both

fields of garments and fabric manufacturing.

The company is certified with ISO- 9001- 2008, WRAP

PLATINUM CERTIFIED FACILITY, BSCI, SGS, LI AND FUNG

CERTIFIED, ETI CODE OF CONDUCT.They have an infrastructure

with more than 500 machines and skilled work force of 600

people. Besides administration and quality management is

held by competent qualified personals. Having made an

ambitious start in less than a decade, they have occupied a

dominant position amongst the reliable garment export unit in

Tamilnadu.

After packing the garments, they have 100% checked

through hashima needle detector machine imported from


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Japan to ensure, there is no needle particles left in them, no

garments will be packed unless it is thoroughly checked by the

needle detector and also maintaining the needle policy register

as per the global standard.

The fabric designs are created and developed using in

house skills and talent. A blend colour, composition, texture,

and view is created to appeal the aesthetic sense of the buyer.

They emphasis on design, quality and timely delivery has

contributed in a big way to their growth. They pay attention to

minute details and have also evolved an efficient and

organised production process. The growths in turnover since

inception as well as the increasing number to top labels beingserviced are testimony to the leadership at JAK Industries.

They have very good tie up with the washing laundry

they have capacity to do washing 100,000per day. They can do

stone wash, bleach wash softener and different kind of blast of

the garments.

Their production capacity is 100000 Pieces per month and

lead time is 75 to 90 days based on fabric pattern after confirm

the order.


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JAK Industries start their business by purchasing raw

materials, i.e., fabrics and button from Salem, Ahmadabad,

Calcutta and Delhi and even from abroad. The quantity of raw

materials is fixed upon the orders come from the clients. There

are more than 500 employees in the factory for stitching,

ironing, quality checking and packing and labelling. 80% of the

employees are women.

Turnover of the company

Company earns $ 30000 per month that is Rs 1650000.

And yearly turnover is Rs 19800000. The total salary they are

giving to their employees is Rs 4000000

Product exported

Product range fabric for girls and womens:

Embroidered tops

Beadwork

Pin tuck, smoking


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Printed fabric

Sheer jersey

Glowing night print

Fine knit-viscose and viscose blends etc.

Product range fabric for men

Bio polished polos peached jersey, suede jersey.

Flat back rib-cotton/wool, polyesters cotton.

100% cotton fleece, 80/20 cotton/poly fleece, micro polar.

Fleece, spun/ply fleece, heather fleece.

Moisture wicking fabric chemicals and yarn.

Water repelled stain guard, Teflon coated.

Single mercerized polo solids, jacquard wrappers.

Velour, ottoman pouched.

Sub fleece, cotton model and different modal blends

Organic cotton jersey and pique etc.


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Area of operation

JAK Industries is a 100% Export Company. JAK Industries does

not manufacture for the domestic market, nor does it currently

have any plans to do so. It exports to the countries like USA,

Europe and South Africa.

USA -BUCKLES, PRANA, ROCAWEAR, PEPE JEANS, BILLABONG,

ECKO UNLTD.,

EUROPE -C& A, CARS JEANS, KIABI, DUNES, COOLCAT,

LAKESIDE

SOUTH AFRICA -MARKAMS, TRUEWORTHMAN


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Production plant and machinery:

Company is having good sophisticated and new

technology of plant and machinery which helps employees to

adopt new technology in their work which in turn helps tomaintain good quality of products.


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Work flow model

Receive orders

Suppliers Stocksubstore

Fabric

Cutting section

Weaving

Button fixing

Trimming

Checking

Stain spotting


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Final checking

Ironing

Final presentation

Packing and labelling

Shipping Formalities

Shipping cost will be based on product weight and

shipping country. To find out when you will receive an item,

you need to consider the availability of the items your

customer is ordering as well as the shipping option your

customer selected. All books, CD's and puja items are sourced

locally and are usually available for shipping within 2 days. We

will let your customer know immediately if these items are

unavailable. Offerings for the pujas performed at temples in

and around Chennai will be shipped on the day the pujas areperformed. For pujas performed outside Chennai, the offerings

usually take around 2 days to reach Chennai and are then

shipped. In any case, the offerings will reach your customer 7-

10 days from the date of shipment. If your customer is ordering

from India or would like the offerings to be shipped to an


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To achieve tangible benefits by promoting efficiencies,

productivity and professionalism

Provide competitive prices and genuine products to our clients.

Creating a climate for voluntary compliance by providing

guidance and building mutual trust.

To promote international textile trade.

One that impresses level of business efficiency with integrity

and honesty

To be a world class organization one that becomes a

benchmark for other organizations, its source for new ideas,

information, professional development and quality standards.

STRATEGY USED BY THE COMPANY

Providing better quality product

Maintaining good and long term relationship with buying

agents

Delivery of goods on time


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Providing better amenities to employees

Maintaining good relation with employeed and considering

them as internal customers

DEPARTMENTATION

Department is a process of dividing the large monolithic

functional organization into small and flexible administrative

units.

JAK Industries has a functional departmentalisation. The

departments are:


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1. Personnel Department

2. Production Department

3. Marketing Department

4. Financial Department

Personnel Department

JAK Industries is having a well governed human resource

department, which is concerned with the creation of

harmonious relationship among its employees, bringing about

their utmost individual development. The HRD has a control

over the employees of all other functional departments. They

take the responsibility of maintaining various reports and

documents. Few documents maintained by Human Resource

Manager are as follows

Design and procurement

Process control

Inspection and test status of dies

Document and data control


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Production Department

The production department involves. The technical staff

basically machines handling and technically skilled staff.

The supervisory staffs are having good relations among

the subordinates. The supervisors have enough skill and

knowledge about their work and production process and they

control the employees to work efficiently. And also the various

training programs are conducted o develop their supervisory

skill.

Production planning

Material planning

Process control

Productive and cost control

Marketing department


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The marketing department is held by managing director,

Mr. P. J. Sudhakar itself. The main task of marketing

department is to deal with various buying agencies.

Financial department

The financial officer is the head of the accounts

department. He is assisted by the chief accountant andaccounts officers. All the cash transactions are controlled by

finance department. All financial decisions are taken by

accounts department. The company is banked with Dena Bank,

nungambakkam.

REGISTRATION OF EXPORTERS

Registration with Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

Prior to 1997, it was necessary for every first time

exporter to obtain IEC number from Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

before engaging in any kind of export operations. But now this

job is being done by DGFT.


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Registration with Director General of Foreign Trade

(DGFT)

For every first time exporter, it is necessary to get

registered with the DGFT (Director General of Foreign Trade),

Ministry of Commerce, Government of India.

DGFT provide exporter a unique IEC Number. IEC Number

is a ten digits code required for the purpose of export as well

as import. No exporter is allowed to export his good abroad

without IEC number.

However, if the goods are exported to Nepal, or to

Myanmar through Indo-Myanmar boarder or to China through

Gunji, Namgaya, Shipkila or Nathula ports then it is not

necessary to obtain IEC number provided the CIF value of a

single consignment does not exceed Indian amount of Rs. 25,

000 /-.

Application for IEC number can be submitted to the

nearest regional authority of DGFT. Application form which is

known as "Aayaat Niryaat Form - ANF2A" can also be

submitted online at the DGFT web-site.


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While submitting an application form for IEC number, an

applicant is required to submit his PAN account number. Only

one IEC is issued against a single PAN number. Apart from PAN

number, an applicant is also required to submit his Current

Bank Account number and Bankers Certificate.

A amount of Rs 1000/- is required to submit with the

application fee. This amount can be submitted in the form of a

Demand Draft or payment through EFT (Electronic Fund

Transfer by Nominated Bank by DGFT.

EXPORT DOCUMENTS

Shipping Bill / Bill of Export

Customs Declaration Form

Dispatch Note

Commercial invoice


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Consular Invoice

Customs Invoice

Legalised / Visaed Invoice

Certified Invoice

Packing List

Certificate of Inspection

Black List Certificate

Manufacturer's Certificate

Certificate of Chemical Analysis

Certificate of Shipment

Health/ Veterinary/ Sanitary Certification

Certificate of Conditioning

Antiquity Measurement

Shipping Order

Cart/ Lorry Ticket

Shut Out Advice

Short Shipment Form

An exporter without any commercial contract is

completely exposed of foreign exchange risks that arises due

to the probability of an adverse change in exchange rates.


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Therefore, it becomes important for the exporter to gain some

knowledge about the foreign exchange rates, quoting of

exchange rates and various factors determining the exchange

rates. In this section, we have discussed various topics related

to foreign exchange rates in detail.

Export from India required special document depending upon

the type of product and destination to be exported. Export

Documents not only gives detail about the product and its

destination port but are also used for the purpose of taxation

and quality control inspection certification.

Shipping Bill / Bill of Export

Shipping Bill/ Bill of Export is the main document required by

the Customs Authority for allowing shipment. A shipping bill is

issued by the shipping agent and represents some kind of

certificate for all parties, included ship's owner, seller, buyer

and some other parties. For each one represents a kind of

certificate document.

Documents Required for Post Parcel Customs Clearance


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In case of Post Parcel, no Shipping Bill is required. The relevant

documents are mentioned below:

Customs Declaration Form - It is prescribed by the

Universal Postal Union (UPU) and international apex body

coordinating activities of national postal administration. It is

known by the code number CP2/ CP3 and to be prepared in

quadruplicate, signed by the sender.

Despatch Note- It is filled by the exporter to specify the

action to be taken by the postal department at the destination

in case the address is non-traceable or the parcel is refused to

be accepted.

Commercial Invoice - Issued by the exporter for the full

realizable amount of goods as per trade term.

Consular Invoice - Mainly needed for the countries like

Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Mauritius, New Zealand, Burma,

Iraq, Australia, Fiji, Cyprus, Nigeria, Ghana, Zanzibar etc. It is

prepared in the prescribed format and is signed/ certified by

the counsel of the importing country located in the country of

export.


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Customs Invoice - Mainly needed for the countries like

USA, Canada, etc. It is prepared on a special form beingpresented by the Customs authorities of the importing country.

It facilitates entry of goods in the importing country at

preferential tariff rate.

Legalised / Visaed Invoice - This shows the seller'sgenuineness before the appropriate consulate or chamber or

commerce/ embassy.

Certified Invoice - It is required when the exporter

needs to certify on the invoice that the goods are of a

particular origin or manufactured/ packed at a particular place

and in accordance with specific contract. Sight Draft and

Usance Draft are available for this. Sight Draft is required when

the exporter expects immediate payment and Usance Draft is

required for credit delivery.

Packing List - It shows the details of goods contained in

each parcel / shipment.


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Certificate of Inspection It is a type of document

describing the condition of goods and confirming that they

have been inspected.

Black List Certificate - It is required for countries which

have strained political relation. It certifies that the ship or the

aircraft carrying the goods has not touched those country(s).

Manufacturer's Certificate - It is required in addition to

the Certificate of Origin for few countries to show that the

goods shipped have actually been manufactured and is

available.

Certificate of Chemical Analysis - It is required to

ensure the quality and grade of certain items such as metallic

ores, pigments, etc.

Certificate of Shipment - It signifies that a certain lot of

goods have been shipped.

Health/ Veterinary/ Sanitary Certification - Required

for export of foodstuffs, marine products, hides, livestock etc.


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Certificate of Conditioning - It is issued by the

competent office to certify compliance of humidity factor, dryweight, etc.

Antiquity Measurement It is issued by Archaeological

Survey of India in case of antiques.

Shipping Order - Issued by the Shipping (Conference)

Line which intimates the exporter about the reservation of

space of shipment of cargo through the specific vessel from a

specified port and on a specified date.

Cart/ Lorry Ticket - It is prepared for admittance of the

cargo through the port gate and includes the shipper's name,

cart/ lorry No., marks on packages, quantity, etc.

Shut Out Advice - It is a statement of packages which

are shut out by a ship and is prepared by the concerned shed

and is sent to the exporter.


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Short Shipment Form - It is an application to the

customs authorities at port which advises short shipment of

goods and required for claiming the return

Learning experience

JAK Industries has given me an opportunity to know about the

organisational structure, formalities and its working.

This training has given me an opportunity to know about the

industrial world. Being with the company helped to learn how

the management theories and concepts are applied in an

organisation.

Came to know about the importance of documentation and

maintaining of data in the organisation.

Got to know about what merchandiser does in an export

garments.

How to manage the fabric store department in garments

industry.

Got to know about various departments and their functions and

how they interrelated.

Importance of working together, training to workers and

employees.


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It gives an opportunity to see how few managers managed a

large number of employees and machine to run the company

with a profit.

Conclusion:

The firm that I underwent was the ideal firm as it is a

small firm and I had training in almost all the departments.Working in an export organisation, I could connect with a few

concepts that have been taught in the classroom.

Firstly, the time period for the internship is rather short

and there one can only skim the surface of the various aspects

involved in export. Secondly, companies under which we do

our training dont really have an idea about what exactly is

expected from them. So, there should be more communication

between the company and the teachers so they can impart the

right kind of training to the students.

Overall I can say that the experience has been rewarding

and I am happy that I could be part of such an exciting

internship.

Project Work on textile industry

Documents

Transcript of Project Work on textile industry