Project SharingProject Sharing

Team discussions (15 minutes)Team discussions (15 minutes)– Share results of your work on the Project Scope Proposal Share results of your work on the Project Scope Proposal – Discuss your choice of methods and resultsDiscuss your choice of methods and results– Prepare for presentationPrepare for presentation

Class-level discussion (5 mins each)Class-level discussion (5 mins each)– Each spokesperson share Each spokesperson share

BackgroundBackground ProblemProblem ProposalProposal Lessons learnedLessons learned

Discussion of ReadingsDiscussion of Readings

Insights from supplemental readings. Insights from supplemental readings.

Facilitate class discussion of topics / Facilitate class discussion of topics / ideas / themes garnered from the ideas / themes garnered from the online discussion, related to assigned online discussion, related to assigned readings.readings.– Discussion LeadersDiscussion Leaders

1.1. Marcia Peterson Marcia Peterson 2.2. Walt Campbell Walt Campbell 3.3. Kevin Wick Kevin Wick

Topic F: Topic F: Support for generating Support for generating and refining solutions and refining solutions

Driving Questions:Driving Questions: What types of information can a UCD designer What types of information can a UCD designer

use to inform their design?use to inform their design?

How are the available design principles similar to, How are the available design principles similar to, and different from each other? What are the and different from each other? What are the implications for their use (e.g., ease of use, implications for their use (e.g., ease of use, credibility, results)? What are sources of design credibility, results)? What are sources of design principles available to UCD designers? What principles available to UCD designers? What challenges arise in using design principles?challenges arise in using design principles?

What are design patterns and how can they help What are design patterns and how can they help designers?designers?

What is a paper prototype? What are the benefits What is a paper prototype? What are the benefits of low fidelity prototypes?of low fidelity prototypes?

DesignDesign

Good design balances user goals, Good design balances user goals, business goals and technical business goals and technical constraintsconstraints

People don’t start with a blank People don’t start with a blank slate, they bring with them all of slate, they bring with them all of their experiences, their know-their experiences, their know-how and their understanding of how and their understanding of how the world workshow the world works

Design PrinciplesDesign Principles

Help users better accomplish their Help users better accomplish their goals and feel competent and goals and feel competent and confident while doing soconfident while doing so

Minimize work (logical, perceptual, Minimize work (logical, perceptual, mnemonic, physical)mnemonic, physical)

Three kinds of principlesThree kinds of principles– Conceptual (what it is)Conceptual (what it is)– Interaction (behavior)Interaction (behavior)– Interface (look and feel)Interface (look and feel)

Principles are not style guidesPrinciples are not style guides

Design ImperativesDesign Imperatives EthicalEthical

– Do no harm: don’t make them feel stupid, cause Do no harm: don’t make them feel stupid, cause confusion, encourage errorsconfusion, encourage errors

– Improve understanding, effectiveness, efficiency, Improve understanding, effectiveness, efficiency, communicationcommunication

Purposeful/UsefulPurposeful/Useful– Help users achieve their goals within their limitations Help users achieve their goals within their limitations

and within contextand within context Pragmatic/Feasible Pragmatic/Feasible

– Help businesses achieve their goals within technical Help businesses achieve their goals within technical constraintsconstraints

– Mutual trust and respect between Design, Business and Mutual trust and respect between Design, Business and EngineeringEngineering

Elegant/ArtfulElegant/Artful– Simplest complete solutionSimplest complete solution– Accommodate cognitionAccommodate cognition

Design PatternsDesign Patterns

Capture the essence of a Capture the essence of a problem, the rationale for a problem, the rationale for a solution, how to apply the solution, how to apply the solution and some of the solution and some of the trade-offstrade-offs

Embody design experience Embody design experience that the design community that the design community has developed and learnedhas developed and learned

Design PatternsDesign Patterns

Capture the essence of a problem, the Capture the essence of a problem, the rationale for a solution, how to apply the rationale for a solution, how to apply the solution and some of the trade-offssolution and some of the trade-offs

Embody design experience that the design Embody design experience that the design community has developed and learnedcommunity has developed and learned

Optimal user interactionsOptimal user interactions Interaction design patterns (3 levels)Interaction design patterns (3 levels)

– Conceptual (Postural)Conceptual (Postural)– Structural (information display)Structural (information display)

Example: Cooper, page 94Example: Cooper, page 94

– Behavioral (specific interactions)Behavioral (specific interactions) Context (antithesis: the pre-fab building)Context (antithesis: the pre-fab building)

Design StrategiesDesign Strategies Design StrategiesDesign Strategies

– Systemic ApproachSystemic Approach Big Picture, overall system, the entire problem and Big Picture, overall system, the entire problem and

solution spacesolution space– Framing the problem in a distinctive wayFraming the problem in a distinctive way

Fundamental, creative, productiveFundamental, creative, productive Basic view, take a step back, consider drivers behind the Basic view, take a step back, consider drivers behind the

goalsgoals– First PrinciplesFirst Principles

Assume engaged in innovative design, rather than Assume engaged in innovative design, rather than routine designroutine design

Examples: Examples: – Load-path analysis (separate torque and bending loads)Load-path analysis (separate torque and bending loads)– UCD: user data, design principles, heuristics, visual designUCD: user data, design principles, heuristics, visual design

– Intangible BenefitIntangible Benefit The most significant driver: feel of the road, the The most significant driver: feel of the road, the rightright

racing feelracing feel

PrototypingPrototyping Paper PrototypingPaper Prototyping

– Purpose is to identify which parts of the interface are self-Purpose is to identify which parts of the interface are self-explanatory and which are confusingexplanatory and which are confusing

– Good for the fundamentals:Good for the fundamentals: Concepts & TerminologyConcepts & Terminology Navigation (and workflow; sequence of steps)Navigation (and workflow; sequence of steps) Content (the right information; extra information?)Content (the right information; extra information?) Layout (can they find what they need?)Layout (can they find what they need?) Functionality (missing features? user’s don’t need or care about?)Functionality (missing features? user’s don’t need or care about?)

– Not ideal for:Not ideal for: Technical feasibility (must work within constraints)Technical feasibility (must work within constraints) Response timeResponse time ScrollingScrolling Colors and FontsColors and Fonts Remote testingRemote testing

– BenefitsBenefits Test before writing codeTest before writing code Find out if you are on the right trackFind out if you are on the right track Make fast changesMake fast changes Show interaction: behavior, expectationsShow interaction: behavior, expectations Avoid technical “glitches”Avoid technical “glitches”

Project ExerciseProject ExerciseDesignDesign

Prepare a proposed redesign of your product. Prepare a proposed redesign of your product. Use a combination of words and images to Use a combination of words and images to

represent your proposed redesign. represent your proposed redesign. Justify this design using both design principles Justify this design using both design principles

discussed in class as well as the information you discussed in class as well as the information you have about your users, their tasks, and the contexts have about your users, their tasks, and the contexts for their tasks. for their tasks.

Bring copies of the exercise to class (one copy for Bring copies of the exercise to class (one copy for each member of the team, one copy for the each member of the team, one copy for the instructor) and also post it to your design portfolio. instructor) and also post it to your design portfolio.

Due next ThursdayDue next Thursday

Looking back / Looking aheadLooking back / Looking ahead

Where we’ve beenWhere we’ve been

Topics – Readings and Topics – Readings and discussiondiscussion

– What is UCD? What is UCD? – Collecting and summarizing Collecting and summarizing

information about users, tasks and information about users, tasks and context?context?

– Problem definitionProblem definition

Project Project – Insights about users, tasks, and Insights about users, tasks, and

contextual issuescontextual issues– Actual data from observing real users Actual data from observing real users – Problem definitionProblem definition– Resulting in… project scope proposalResulting in… project scope proposal

Where we’re goingWhere we’re going

Redesign:Redesign: – Represent designRepresent design– Support and justifySupport and justify

Readings:Readings: – On evaluation and guidelinesOn evaluation and guidelines

Upcoming Exercises:Upcoming Exercises:– Heuristic EvaluationHeuristic Evaluation– Usability StudyUsability Study– Final Design SolutionFinal Design Solution

Issue Statement: A reminderIssue Statement: A reminder 1.1. Geoff Harrison Geoff Harrison 2.2. Alan Rosenthal Alan Rosenthal 3.3. Darren Ellis Darren Ellis