Project Report wireless sensor Network

Submitted By –Braj Raj Singh Submitted to-‐ Prof. Carl Lundgren Telecommunication Engineering Technology

R o c h e s t e r I n s t i t u t e O f T e c h n o l o g y

Graduate Research Paper Wireless Sensor Network For Smart Grid Refrigerator/Freezer Unit

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Index

1). Introduction Page 3

2). Required Component -‐

I. MSP 430 Microcontroller Page-‐ 4

II. CC2500 Page-‐ 6

III. EZ430-‐RF2500T Target Board Page -‐7

3). Access Point Page -‐8

4). Program for Access Point Page -‐9

5). End Device Page -‐15

6). Compiling and Loading the Access Point code Page -‐16

7). Program for End device Page -‐19

8). Compiling and Loading the End Device Code Page-‐ 25

8). Temperature Sensors Monitoring Portal Page -‐26

9). Wireless Sensor Network diagram Page -‐28

10). Data Acquisition system for wireless sensor Page -‐29

11). Process to configure Real Term application Page -‐30

12). Representation of Sensors data Page -‐31

13). Customized program for Data Acquisition (End Device). Page -‐32

14). References Page -‐34

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Introduction –

Wireless Sensor Network-

A wireless sensor network consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. These Wireless networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on.

The Wireless Sensor Network is built of nodes from a few to several hundreds or even thousands, where each node is connected to one or more sensors. Each such sensor network node has typically several parts: a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting. A sensor node might vary in size from that of a shoebox down to the size of a grain of dust, although functioning "motes" of genuine microscopic dimensions have yet to be created. The cost of sensor nodes is similarly variable, ranging from a few to hundreds of dollars, depending on the complexity of the individual sensor nodes. Size and cost constraints on sensor nodes result in corresponding constraints on resources such as energy, memory, computational speed and communications bandwidth. The topology of the WSNs can vary from a simple star network to an advanced multi-‐hop wireless mesh network. The propagation technique between the hops of the network can be routing or flooding.

Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Grid Refrigerator-

This Project research is based on remotely monitoring and analyzing the temperature of Refrigerator/Freezer unit using wireless sensors. Specifically, this portion of the project was the development and fabrication of wireless temperature instrumentation to be placed in multiple locations in the refrigerator and freezer compartments. This wireless data acquisition system allows minimal thermal leakage; and data storage and display remote to the R/F allows continuous and offsite monitoring. In addition to data acquisition, the system is a prototype for future systems where the temperature sensor(s) communicates with the demand management controller to avoid excessive temperature excursions.

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Required Components of project-‐ (1). MSP430 Microcontroller-‐ MSP430 is one of the main component of wireless sensor network. This is Mixed Signal Processor, Which is ideal for battery-‐powered measurement applications.

Ultra-‐low Power-‐ The MSP430 architecture is designed specifically for ultra-‐low power applications. Specific operating modes are implemented to reduce power consumption and extend battery life. The real-‐time clock mode uses as little as 0.8µA and can transition to industry leading 250mA / MIPS full-‐speed active mode in less than 1µs. Other important low-‐power feature such as zero-‐power brown-‐out reset (BOR) and extremely low pin leakage have enabled MSP430 customers to develop battery-‐based products that will last for over 10-‐years from the original battery. The MSP430 modern 16-‐bit RISC architecture reduces code size and allows advanced signal processing features not possible using conventional 8-‐bit MCUs.

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Intelligent mixed-‐signal peripherals including 10-‐16-‐bit ADC’s, comparators, DAC’s, LCD drivers and supply voltage supervisors support precision measurement. This allows applications to get implemented faster, using less code and power at lower cost. Applications operating at lower power, with smaller packaging and higher-‐precision analog benefit greatly from the MSP430’s embedded emulation. No external emulator is required as the device emulates itself. JTAG is used to communicate unobtrusively with the MSP430 in application. This means that all development is done under the same condition that will be seen in the final product. Using embedded emulation projects are developed faster, with few errors and at a lower cost.

FLASH

8-60K B

RAM

512-10K B

PORBOR

8MhzBasicClock

Watchdog

15-bit

RISCCPU16-bit JT

AG

/EE

M

Port3/4Port5/6

MAB

MDB

Timer_B7

16-bit

Port1/2with IRQ

Comp_A

USART1UART/SPI

Timer_A3

16-bit

ADC12200ksps

Vref Temp

DAC12_0DAC12_1

DM

A

SVS

USART0UART/SPI

I2C

MPYMPYSMAC

MACS

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(2). CC2500-‐

The CC2500 is a low-‐cost 2.4 GHz transceiver designed for very low-‐power wireless applications.

The RF transceiver is integrated with a highly configurable baseband modem. The modem supports various modulation formats and has a configurable data rate up-‐to 500 kBaud.

Key Feature of CC2500-‐

High sensitivity (–104 dBm at 2.4 kBaud 1% packet error rate).

Low current consumption (13.3 mA in RX, 250 kBaud, input well above sensitivity

limit).

Programmable output power up to +1 dBm.

Excellent receiver selectivity and blocking performance.

Programmable data rate from 1.2 to 500 kBaud .

Frequency range: 2400 – 2483.5 MHz

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(3). EZ430-‐RF2500T Target Board-‐

The eZ430-‐RF2500 used as a stand-‐alone development tool. Additionally, the eZ430-‐

RF2500T target board used to detached from the debugging interface and integrated

into another design by removing the plastic enclosure.

The target board features-‐

Most of its pins are easily accessible.

MSP430F2274 –

1) 32KB Flash

2) 1KB RAM

3) USCI (UART, 2xSPI, I2C, IrDA)

4) 10-‐bit 200 kbps ADC

5) 2 Op Amps

CC2500 –

1) 2.4 GHz, ISM band multi-‐channel low power transceiver

2) 2 LEDs

3) 1 pushbutton

4) Battery expansion board with 2 AAA batteries

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Access Point –

There are two main part of RF wireless sensor Network one is programmable USB

Access point, which is a simple serial port device. In Access point each circuit board

holds a complete computer and a 2.4 GHz radio transceiver.

The computer contains several analog and digital I/O channels, including 10 bit analog

to digital conversion, two op-‐amps, and an interface to the radio chip.

We can program the computer in C using a very nice development system included with

the kit. This also provides us with the libraries needed to use the radio to send and

receive simple messages. We can interact with the computer via 18 pins, two LED’s and

a pushbutton.

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Program for Access point – The access point build includes implementation of an unknown number of end device peers in addition to access point functionality. In this scenario all End Devices establish a link to the access point. The AP acts as a data hub. All End Device peers are on the access point and not on other distinct ED platforms. There is still a limit to the number of peers supported on the access point that is defined by the macro NUM_CONNECTIONS. The access point will support NUM_CONNECTIONS or fewer peers but the exact number does not need to be known at build time. /* reserve space for the maximum possible peer Link IDs */ static linkID_t sLID[NUM_CONNECTIONS] = {0}; static uint8_t sNumCurrentPeers = 0; /* callback handler */ static uint8_t sCB(linkID_t); /* received message handler */ static void processMessage(linkID_t, uint8_t *, uint8_t); /* Frequency Agility helper functions */ static void checkChangeChannel(void); static void changeChannel(void); /* work loop semaphores */ static volatile uint8_t sPeerFrameSem = 0; static volatile uint8_t sJoinSem = 0; static volatile uint8_t sSelfMeasureSem = 0; #ifdef FREQUENCY_AGILITY /* BEGIN interference detection support */ #define INTERFERNCE_THRESHOLD_DBM (-‐70) #define SSIZE 25 #define IN_A_ROW 3 static int8_t sSample[SSIZE];

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static uint8_t sChannel = 0; #endif /* FREQUENCY_AGILITY */ /* blink LEDs when channel changes... */ static volatile uint8_t sBlinky = 0; //data for terminal output const char splash[] volatile int * tempOffset = (int *)0x10F4; __interrupt void ADC10_ISR(void); __interrupt void Timer_A (void); /* END interference detection support */ #define SPIN_ABOUT_A_QUARTER_SECOND NWK_DELAY(250) void main (void) { bspIState_t intState; memset(sSample, 0x0, sizeof(sSample)); BSP_Init(); BCSCTL3 |= LFXT1S_2; // LFXT1 = VLO TACCTL0 = CCIE; // TACCR0 interrupt enabled TACCR0 = 12000; // ~1 second TACTL = TASSEL_1 + MC_1; // ACLK, upmode COM_Init(); //Transmit splash screen and network init notification TXString( (char*)splash, sizeof splash); TXString( "\r\nInitializing Network....", 26 ); SMPL_Init(sCB);

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//network initialized TXString( "Done\r\n", 6); /* green and red LEDs on solid to indicate waiting for a Join. */ if (!BSP_LED2_IS_ON()) { toggleLED(2); } if (!BSP_LED1_IS_ON()) { toggleLED(1); } /* main work loop */ while (1) { if (sJoinSem && (sNumCurrentPeers < NUM_CONNECTIONS)) { /* listen for a new connection */ while (1) { if (SMPL_SUCCESS == SMPL_LinkListen(&sLID[sNumCurrentPeers])) { break; } /*Implement fail-‐to-‐link policy here. otherwise, listen again. */ } sNumCurrentPeers++; BSP_ENTER_CRITICAL_SECTION(intState); sJoinSem-‐-‐;

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BSP_EXIT_CRITICAL_SECTION(intState); } //if it is time to measure our own temperature... if(sSelfMeasureSem) { char msg [6]; char addr[] = {"HUB0"}; char rssi[] = {"000"}; int degC, volt; volatile long temp; int results[2]; ADC10CTL1 = INCH_10 + ADC10DIV_4; // Temp Sensor ADC10CLK/5 ADC10CTL0 = SREF_1 + ADC10SHT_3 + REFON + ADC10ON + ADC10IE + ADC10SR; for( degC = 240; degC > 0; degC-‐-‐ ); // delay to allow reference to settle ADC10CTL0 |= ENC + ADC10SC; // Sampling and conversion start __bis_SR_register(CPUOFF + GIE); // LPM0 with interrupts enabled results[0] = ADC10MEM; ADC10CTL0 &= ~ENC; ADC10CTL1 = INCH_11; // AVcc/2 ADC10CTL0 = SREF_1 + ADC10SHT_2 + REFON + ADC10ON + ADC10IE + REF2_5V; for( degC = 240; degC > 0; degC-‐-‐ ); // delay to allow reference to settle ADC10CTL0 |= ENC + ADC10SC; // Sampling and conversion start __bis_SR_register(CPUOFF + GIE); // LPM0 with interrupts enabled results[1] = ADC10MEM; ADC10CTL0 &= ~ENC; ADC10CTL0 &= ~(REFON + ADC10ON); // turn off A/D to save power //oC = ((A10/1024)*1500mV)-‐986mV)*1/3.55mV = A10*423/1024 -‐ 278 //the temperature is transmitted as an integer where 32.1 = 321 //hence 4230 instead of 423

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temp = results[0]; degC = (((temp -‐ 673) * 4230) / 1024); if( (*tempOffset) != 0xFFFF ) { degC += (*tempOffset); } temp = results[1]; volt = (temp*25)/512; msg[0] = degC&0xFF; msg[1] = (degC>>8)&0xFF; msg[2] = volt; transmitDataString(1, addr, rssi, msg ); BSP_TOGGLE_LED1(); sSelfMeasureSem = 0; } /* Runs in ISR context. Reading the frame should be done in the */ /* application thread not in the ISR thread. */ static uint8_t sCB(linkID_t lid) { if (lid) { sPeerFrameSem++; sBlinky = 0; } else { sJoinSem++; } /* leave frame to be read by application. */ return 0; }

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static void processMessage(linkID_t lid, uint8_t *msg, uint8_t len) { /* do something useful */ if (len) { toggleLED(*msg); } return; } static void changeChannel(void) { #ifdef FREQUENCY_AGILITY freqEntry_t freq; if (++sChannel >= NWK_FREQ_TBL_SIZE) { sChannel = 0; } freq.logicalChan = sChannel; SMPL_Ioctl(IOCTL_OBJ_FREQ, IOCTL_ACT_SET, &freq); BSP_TURN_OFF_LED1(); BSP_TURN_OFF_LED2(); sBlinky = 1; #endif return; }

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END Device-‐

The second part is END device. Hardware circuit of both devices are identical but they

both running on different programs.

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Compiling and Loading the Access Point code-‐ To build the executable for the Access Point you start by selecting the Access Point tab from the Workspace panel of the IAR Embedded Workbench window. (1). Select the Access Point Tab –

2) On the menu bar select “Project”, then “Rebuild All”. This will recompile the project and prepare the programming files.

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3) The next step is to load the new code into your little Access Point circuit board- To do this just plug the USB stick carrying the AP device into a USB port as before. Now select “Project” on the menu bar, then “Debug”. This will download the new program to the little circuit board and will start the debugger.

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4). Since we are not interested in running the debugger, once the debugger starts we can just select “Debug” and “Stop Debugging” from the menu bar.

Now device is programmed and we can unplug the stick from the USB port.

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Program for End Device-‐ EZ430-‐RF2500 Temperature Sensor End Device // Description: This is the End Device software for the eZ430-‐2500RF Temperature Sensing // #define I_WANT_TO_CHANGE_DEFAULT_ROM_DEVICE_ADDRESS_PSEUDO_CODE #include "bsp.h" #include "mrfi.h" #include "nwk_types.h" #include "nwk_api.h" #include "bsp_leds.h" #include "bsp_buttons.h" #include "vlo_rand.h" #ifndef APP_AUTO_ACK #error ERROR: Must define the macro APP_AUTO_ACK for this application. #endif void toggleLED(uint8_t); static void linkTo(void); static linkID_t sLinkID1 = 0; #define SPIN_ABOUT_A_SECOND NWK_DELAY(1000) #define SPIN_ABOUT_A_QUARTER_SECOND NWK_DELAY(250) /* How many times to try a Tx and miss an acknowledge before doing a scan */ #define MISSES_IN_A_ROW 2 void createRandomAddress(void); volatile int * tempOffset = (int *)0x10F4; // Temperature offset set at production char * Flash_Addr = (char *)0x10F0; // Initialize radio address location __interrupt void ADC10_ISR(void); __interrupt void Timer_A (void); /* work loop semaphores */ static volatile uint8_t sSelfMeasureSem = 0; void main (void) { addr_t lAddr; BSP_Init(); if(Flash_Addr[0] == 0xFF && Flash_Addr[1] == 0xFF &&

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Flash_Addr[2] == 0xFF && Flash_Addr[3] == 0xFF ) { createRandomAddress(); // set Random device address at initial startup } lAddr.addr[0] = Flash_Addr[0]; lAddr.addr[1] = Flash_Addr[1]; lAddr.addr[2] = Flash_Addr[2]; lAddr.addr[3] = Flash_Addr[3]; SMPL_Ioctl(IOCTL_OBJ_ADDR, IOCTL_ACT_SET, &lAddr); /* Keep trying to join (a side effect of successful initialization) until successful . Toggle LEDS to indicate that joining has not occurred*/

while (SMPL_SUCCESS != SMPL_Init(0)) { toggleLED(1); toggleLED(2); SPIN_ABOUT_A_SECOND; } /* LEDs on solid to indicate successful join. */ if (!BSP_LED2_IS_ON()) { toggleLED(2); } if (!BSP_LED1_IS_ON()) { toggleLED(1); } BCSCTL3 |= LFXT1S_2; // LFXT1 = VLO TACCTL0 = CCIE; // TACCR0 interrupt enabled TACCR0 = 12000; // ~ 1 sec TACTL = TASSEL_1 + MC_1; // ACLK, upmode /* Unconditional link to AP which is listening due to successful join.*/ linkTo(); while (1) ; } static void linkTo()

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{ uint8_t msg[3]; uint8_t misses, done; /* Keep trying to link... */ while (SMPL_SUCCESS != SMPL_Link(&sLinkID1)) { toggleLED(1); toggleLED(2); SPIN_ABOUT_A_SECOND; } /* Turn off LEDs. */ if (BSP_LED2_IS_ON()) { toggleLED(2); } if (BSP_LED1_IS_ON()) { toggleLED(1); } SMPL_Ioctl( IOCTL_OBJ_RADIO, IOCTL_ACT_RADIO_SLEEP, 0); while (1) { __bis_SR_register(LPM3_bits+GIE); // LPM3 with interrupts enabled if (sSelfMeasureSem) { volatile long temp; int degC, volt; int results[2]; uint8_t noAck; smplStatus_t rc; /* get radio ready...awakens in idle state */ SMPL_Ioctl( IOCTL_OBJ_RADIO, IOCTL_ACT_RADIO_AWAKE, 0); ADC10CTL1 = INCH_10 + ADC10DIV_4; // Temp Sensor ADC10CLK/5 ADC10CTL0 = SREF_1 + ADC10SHT_3 + REFON + ADC10ON + ADC10IE + ADC10SR; for( degC = 240; degC > 0; degC-‐-‐ ); // delay to allow reference to settle ADC10CTL0 |= ENC + ADC10SC; // Sampling and conversion start __bis_SR_register(CPUOFF + GIE); // LPM0 with interrupts enabled

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results[0] = ADC10MEM; ADC10CTL0 &= ~ENC; ADC10CTL1 = INCH_11; // AVcc/2 ADC10CTL0 = SREF_1 + ADC10SHT_2 + REFON + ADC10ON + ADC10IE + REF2_5V; for( degC = 240; degC > 0; degC-‐-‐ ); // delay to allow reference to settle ADC10CTL0 |= ENC + ADC10SC; // Sampling and conversion start __bis_SR_register(CPUOFF + GIE); // LPM0 with interrupts enabled results[1] = ADC10MEM; ADC10CTL0 &= ~ENC; ADC10CTL0 &= ~(REFON + ADC10ON); // turn off A/D to save power // oC = ((A10/1024)*1500mV)-‐986mV)*1/3.55mV = A10*423/1024 -‐ 278 // the temperature is transmitted as an integer where 32.1 = 321 // hence 4230 instead of 423 temp = results[0]; degC = ((temp -‐ 673) * 4230) / 1024; if( (*tempOffset) != 0xFFFF ) { degC += (*tempOffset); } /* message format, UB = upper Byte, LB = lower Byte -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ |degC LB | degC UB | volt LB | -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ 0 1 2 */ temp = results[1]; volt = (temp*25)/512; msg[0] = degC&0xFF; msg[1] = (degC>>8)&0xFF; msg[2] = volt; done = 0; while (!done) { noAck = 0; /* Try sending message MISSES_IN_A_ROW times looking for ack */ for (misses=0; misses < MISSES_IN_A_ROW; ++misses) {

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if (SMPL_SUCCESS == (rc=SMPL_SendOpt(sLinkID1, msg, sizeof(msg), SMPL_TXOPTION_ACKREQ))) { /* Message acked. We're done. Toggle LED 1 to indicate ack received. */ toggleLED(1); // Toggle On LED1 __delay_cycles(2000); toggleLED(1); break; } if (SMPL_NO_ACK == rc) { /* Count ack failures. Could also fail because of CCA and we don't want to scan in this case. */ noAck++; } } if (MISSES_IN_A_ROW == noAck) { /* Message not acked. Toggle LED 2. */ toggleLED(2); // Turn On LED2 __delay_cycles(2000); toggleLED(2); #ifdef FREQUENCY_AGILITY /* Assume we're on the wrong channel so look for channel by using the Ping to initiate a scan when it gets no reply. With a successful ping try sending the message again. Otherwise, for any error we get we will wait until the next button press to try again. */ if (SMPL_SUCCESS != SMPL_Ping(sLinkID1)) { done = 1; } #else done = 1; #endif /* FREQUENCY_AGILITY */ } else

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{ /* Got the ack or we don't care. We're done. */ done = 1; } } /* radio back to sleep */ SMPL_Ioctl( IOCTL_OBJ_RADIO, IOCTL_ACT_RADIO_SLEEP, 0); } } } void toggleLED(uint8_t which) { if (1 == which) { BSP_TOGGLE_LED1(); } else if (2 == which) { BSP_TOGGLE_LED2(); } return; } void createRandomAddress() { unsigned int rand, rand2; do { rand = TI_getRandomIntegerFromVLO(); // first byte can not be 0x00 of 0xFF } while( (rand & 0xFF00)==0xFF00 || (rand & 0xFF00)==0x0000 ); rand2 = TI_getRandomIntegerFromVLO(); BCSCTL1 = CALBC1_1MHZ; // Set DCO to 1MHz DCOCTL = CALDCO_1MHZ; FCTL2 = FWKEY + FSSEL0 + FN1; // MCLK/3 for Flash Timing Generator FCTL3 = FWKEY + LOCKA; // Clear LOCK & LOCKA bits FCTL1 = FWKEY + WRT; // Set WRT bit for write operation Flash_Addr[0]=(rand>>8) & 0xFF;

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Flash_Addr[1]=rand & 0xFF; Flash_Addr[2]=(rand2>>8) & 0xFF; Flash_Addr[3]=rand2 & 0xFF; #pragma vector=ADC10_VECTOR __interrupt void ADC10_ISR(void) { __bic_SR_register_on_exit(CPUOFF); // Clear CPUOFF bit from 0(SR) } /* Timer A0 interrupt service routine*/ #pragma vector=TIMERA0_VECTOR __interrupt void Timer_A (void) { sSelfMeasureSem = 1; __bic_SR_register_on_exit(LPM3_bits); // Clear LPM3 bit from 0(SR) } Compiling and Loading the End Device code- The process for building the executable for the End Device is identical to the process for the Access Point, the only difference being that you start by selecting the “End Device” tab.

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All of the other steps are identical, except we need to plug a different little circuit board into the USB stick before doing the programming step, otherwise we will just end up reprogramming the Access Point. In other words, we will need to open up the USB stick and remove the AP circuit board and then attach the ED circuit board to the USB programmer.

Temperature Sensors Monitoring Portal-‐

eZ430-‐RF2500 is preloaded with a wireless temperature sensor network firmware and can be re-‐programmed at any time. This network consists of an Access Point that measures its own temperature and also wirelessly receives temperature measurements from End Devices.

End Devices measure their temperature once per second and then enter a low-‐

power mode to reduce battery usage. The Access Point transmits all measured data to the PC through the UART backchannel. The included PC Sensor Monitor Visualizer provides a demonstration of the eZ430-‐RF2500 using the Simplicity protocol across a star network. In the PC Sensor Monitor Visualizer, the center node is the Access Point and the attached bubbles are the End Devices.

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The PC application displays the temperature of both the End Devices and Access Point. Additionally, the PC application is capable of simulating distance from its access point when the End Devices are moved .The number of End Devices can be expanded by adding more target boards in the star network.

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Wireless sensor Network Diagram-‐

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Data Acquisition system for wireless sensor-‐

For data acquisitions we used real term application .The real term is a terminal program specially designed for capturing, controlling and debugging binary and other difficult data streams. It is far better for debugging commas than Hyper-‐terminal. It has no support for dialing modems.

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Process to configure Real Term application-‐

1. Disconnect all of the ED’s from their battery packs so that only the AP is left

active.

2. Close the Sensor Monitor window.

3. The AP looks like a simple serial port device to your computer. Every time it

blinks, the AP is actually attempting to send data to your PC.

4. Start up Real-‐term, which is a terminal emulator program select the Port tab, then

the Port dropdown menu, and select the highest numbered serial port you see

5. Now open the port by clicking on the “Open” button twice. You should see a new

line of data appearing every second or so.

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Representation of Sensors data-‐

In Real term serial capture program Every line of data represents the measurements

made by the AP of its own temperature and operating voltage: $HUB0, 93.2F,3.5,000,N#

This is the temperature information the Sensor Monitor program displaying in the

image. If we power up one of the End devices we can see data appearing in the terminal

program window at about twice the rate as before. This is because the Access point is

now receiving data from the End devices every second or so, and it forwards this to the

PC in addition to its own information.

Power up several more End devices and see what changes in the terminal window.

The third number in the lines from the ED (057 or 058 in the image above) is the

signal strength of the End devices radio transmission as measured by the Access point.

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Customized program for Data Acquisition (End Device) –

* BEGHDR * NAME: void transmit_time_delay(void) * DESCRIPTION: Sets timer to transmit time based on timer_state * INPUTS: void * PROCESSING: Sets timer to transmit time, for 2 min and 4 min transmit times * loop number of 30 sec times to make 2 min and 4 min. * OUTPUTS: void ************************************************************** void transmit_time_delay(void) { volatile unsigned int i = 0; in_delay = 1; switch (timer_state) { case timer_state_1: // Timer State == 1; 5 Secs delay(sec5); in_delay = 0; battery_full_timer += sec5; break; case timer_state_2: // Timer State == 2; 10 Secs delay(sec10); in_delay = 0; battery_full_timer += sec10; break; case timer_state_3: // Timer State == 3; 20 Secs delay(sec20); in_delay = 0; battery_full_timer += sec20; break; case timer_state_4: // Timer State == 4; 40 Secs delay(sec40); in_delay = 0;

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battery_full_timer += sec40; break; case timer_state_5: // Timer State == 5; 2 mins while((i++ < 4) && (timer_state == timer_state_5)) { delay(sec30_2); in_delay = 0; battery_full_timer += sec30_2; } break; case timer_state_6: // Timer State == 6; 4 mins while((i++ < 8) && (timer_state == timer_state_6)) { delay(sec30_4); in_delay = 0; battery_full_timer += sec30_4; } break; default: break; } }// void transmit_time_delay(void)

Initial steps of project based on temperature analyzing and monitoring using radio

frequency sensor. This range is limited in particular area so, we are looking forward for

IP Address based temperature monitoring and wireless data acquisition.

This project could play a substantial part in reducing carbon emission not only for RIT,

but for the community in general.

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References-‐

Carl Lundgren Professor

Manufacturing & Mech. Eng. Tech./Packaging Science

Antonio Mondragon, Ph.D. Assistant Professor

http://www.iar.com/en/Products/IAR-‐Embedded-‐Workbench/

http://realterm.sourceforge.net/

www.hep.princeton.edu/~marlow/rrs/Guides/Workbench.pdf

http://www.ti.com/tool/ez430-‐rf2500-‐seh

http://www.ti.com/tool/EZ430-‐RF2500T

http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-‐bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1289334133

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network

Project Report wireless sensor Network

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