Project Report in 03 Format

8/13/2019 Project Report in 03 Format

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A VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION

PROTOCOL FOR CO-OPERATIVE COLLISION

WARNING.

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

DHINESH NS [40507105010]

VELMURUGAN P [40507105048]

VENATARAMANAN S [4050710504!]

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

"ACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DHANALASHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSIT#$ CHENNAI %00 0&5

APRIL - &011


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ANNA UNIVERSIT#$ CHENNAI %00 0&5

"ONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report 'A VEHICLE TO VEHICLE

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FOR CO-OPERATIVE

COLLISION WARNING( is the bonafide work of DHINESH NS)

VELMURUGAN P) VENATARAMANAN S(who carried out the

project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr. N.T. Kumar Ph.D., .!.".T.#., $.!.#. r. "."hanmu%am .#.,

.!.".T.#., $.!.#.

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

#&ectrica& and #&ectronics #n%ineerin%, #&ectrica& and #&ectronics #n%ineerin%,

Dhana&akshmi Co&&e%e of #n%ineerin%, Dhana&akshmi Co&&e%e of #n%ineerin%,

Dr.'.P.( Na%ar, animan%a&am, Dr. '.P.( Na%ar, animan%a&am,

Chennai ) *+ -+ Chennai ) *+ -+

"ubmitted for the project vivavoce e/amination he&d at Dhana&akshmi Co&&e%e of

#n%ineerin%, Chennai on 0000000000000.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

!NT#(N12 #31!N#( #3T#(N12 #31!N#(


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ACNOWLEDGEMENT

4win% deep&y to supreme, we e/press our sincere thanks to our

honorab&e C*+,+/ D.V.P.R++*, P*.D.) Dhana&akshmi

Co&&e%e of #n%ineerin%, Chennai, for the faci&ities provided by him for

the comp&etion of this project.

5e e/press our who&e hearted thanks to our S232+

D.R.J2+3*+/+ S,/6* P*.D.) for his inva&uab&e support.

5e are very much revered to our P,/3,+

D.S.V29++3*+++* P*.D.)for his consistent %uidance shown in our

academic profi&e.

5e e/tend our heartfe&t %ratitude to our V,32 P,/3,+)H2+ :;

D2+2/ D. N.T. + P*.D.) M.I.S.T.E.) F.I.E) for his

consistent encoura%ement shown throu%hout our co&&e%e days.

5e are very much ob&i%ed to our P:


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A"STRACT

4ur Project proposes a vehic&etovehic&e communication protoco& for

cooperative co&&ision warnin%. #mer%in% wire&ess techno&o%ies for

vehic&etovehic&e 6'7'8 communications are promisin% to dramatica&&y

reduce the number of fata& roadway accidents by providin% ear&y

warnin%s. 4ne major technica& cha&&en%e addressed in this our project is

to achieve &ow&atency in de&iverin% emer%ency warnin%s in various road

situations. 9ased on a carefu& ana&ysis of app&ication re:uirements, we

desi%n an effective protoco&, comprisin% con%estion contro& po&icies,

service differentiation mechanisms and methods for emer%ency warnin%

dissemination. "imu&ation resu&ts demonstrate that the proposed protoco&

achieves &ow &atency in de&iverin% emer%ency warnin%s and efficient

bandwidth usa%e in stressfu& road scenarios. The wire&ess data

communication between two vehic&es is provided by introducin% ;i%bee

techno&o%y. !t is desi%ned around &owpower consumption a&&owin%

batteries to essentia&&y &ast forever. The distance measurement is provided

by


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TA"LE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE

LIST OF TA"LES

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF A""REVIATIONS

1 INTRODUCTION

& "LOC DIAGRAM 7

- ULTRASONIC SENSORS -

-. $!T#CT


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% "U==ER

*. !NT(4D


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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

(oad accidents account for a severe threat to human &ives from both an

injury as we&& as a financia& perspective. ?iven that vehic&es are desi%ned

to faci&itate a smooth means of transportation, manufacturers have &on%

been in the process of desi%nin% vehic&es based on princip&es of re&iabi&ity

and safety. >owever, due to reasons such as humanerror, circumstantia&

error and ne%&i%ence, accidents occur. Today, specia& attention is focused

on the techno&o%ies that can reduce traffic accidents. '7' techno&o%ies

are simp&e to imp&ement primari&y because of their re&iance on wire&esscommunication.

The communication protoco& inc&udes ;i%bee to communicate the

information between two vehic&es. The distance measurement between

two vehic&es is done by


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CHAPTER &

"LOC DIAGRAM


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5henever a sound wave movin% in air hits a so&id surface it

ref&ects . 5e often ca&& this ref&ected sound as an echo. The same app&ies

to a sound wave movin% throu%h water and hittin% an obstac&e. !f we

know the speed of sound in the air or water we can ca&cu&ate the distance.

To perform this we must measure the time taken for a pu&se of sound to

trave& to the object and back a%ain. The distance to the object and back is

%iven by 6distanceE"peed F Time8. 1s this is the tota& distance that the

sound has trave&ed to the object and back, we must divide by 7 to find the

oneway distance. This use of echoes is the basis of "4N1(. The pu&se

of sound that is used shou&d be short and hi%h fre:uencies are usua&&y

used as they trave& further without bein% absorbed. "ounds with a

fre:uency above 7+ k> are ca&&ed u&trasonic6beyond the ran%e of human

hearin%8. The speed of sound varies from one materia& to another. Typica&

speeds are appro/imate&y --+ mGs in air, @++ mGs in water, @+++ mGs in a

meta&. >ere the u&trasonic sensor ca&cu&ates the distance between the

sensor and the obstac&e and transmits it to the system. 4nce an object is

detected, a si%na& is sent to the onboard sense and avoids co&&ision and

corrective action is taken by the use of microcontro&&er.

DISTANCE MEASUREMENT$

Different techni:ues can be used to measure the distance by usin%

u&trasonic sensors. 1mon% them , continuouswave and pu&seecho

techni:ue are wide&y known. !n continuouswave methods, the transmitter

%enerates a continuous output, whose echo is detected by a separate

receiver. !n this case, accuracy depends on the measurement of the phase

shift between the transmitted and the ref&ected wave. 1&thou%h better

performance than with pu&seecho measurements can be obtained,

comp&e/ hardware is re:uired to measure the phase, and in most cases,


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different fre:uencies need to be used to determine the number of inte%er

wave&en%ths in the phase shift.

Pu&seecho techni:ues are wide&y used in commercia& systems due to &ess

comp&e/ity of hardware. !n pu&seecho techni:ue, a short train of pu&ses is

%enerated, enab&in% the same transducer to be used both as a transmitter

and as a receiver. !n the measurement methods, based on pu&seecho, the

distance information is retrieved from a timeoff&i%ht measurement, i.e.,

the time an u&trasonic wave needs to trave& from the transmitter to the

receiver after bein% ref&ected by an object. The pu&seecho techni:ue is

used in this paper to ca&cu&ate the distance of the obstac&e from the

vehic&e. The distance between the transmitter and the object is determined

usin% the fo&&owin% e:uationH

DE 6t F c8 G 7

5here D Distance between the source and the obstac&e

c


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CHAPTER 4

MICROCONTROLLER AT8!C51

4.1 FEATURES$

. Compatib&e with C"@I Products

7. =K 9ytes of !n"ystem (epro%rammab&e $&ash emory)

#nduranceH ,+++ 5riteG#rase Cyc&es

-. $u&&y "tatic 4perationH + > to 7= >.

=. Three&eve& Pro%ram emory 2ock

@. 7J / Jbit !nterna& (1

*. -7 Pro%rammab&e !G4 2ines

B. Two *bit TimerGCounters

J. "i/ !nterrupt "ources

. Pro%rammab&e "eria& Channe&

+.2owpower !d&e and Powerdown odes

4.& DESCRIPTION$

The 1TJC@ is a &owpower, hi%hperformance C4" Jbit

microcomputer with =K bytes of $&ash pro%rammab&e and erasab&e read

on&y memory 6P#(48. The device is manufactured usin% 1tme&s hi%h

density nonvo&ati&e memory techno&o%y and is compatib&e with the

industrystandard C"@ instruction set and pinout. The onchip $&ash

a&&ows the pro%ram memory to be repro%rammed insystem or by a

conventiona& nonvo&ati&e memory pro%rammer.


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4.> ARCHITECTURE$


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4.4 PIN DIAGRAM$


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4.5 PIN DESCRIPTIONS$

VCC"upp&y vo&ta%e.

GND?round.

P: 0!t is an Jbit opendrain bidirectiona& !G4 port. 1s an output port,

each pin can sink ei%ht TT2 inputs. 5hen s are written to port + pins,

the pins can be used as hi%h impedance inputs it may a&so be confi%ured

to be the mu&tip&e/ed &ow order addressGdata bus durin% accesses to

e/terna& pro%ram and data memory. !n this mode P+ has interna& pu&&ups.

Port + a&so receives the code bytes durin% $&ash pro%rammin%, and

outputs the code bytes durin% pro%ram verification. #/terna& pu&&ups are

re:uired durin% pro%ram 'erification.

P: 1!t is an Jbit bidirectiona& !G4 port with interna& pu&&ups.The Port

output buffers can sinkGsource four TT2 inputs. 5hen s are written to

Port pins they are pu&&ed hi%h by the interna& pu&&ups and can be used

as inputs. 1s inputs, Port pins that are e/terna&&y bein% pu&&ed &ow wi&&

source current 6!!28 because of the interna& pu&&ups. Port a&so receives

the &oworder address bytes durin% $&ash pro%rammin% and verification.

P: &!t is an Jbit bidirectiona& !G4 port with interna& pu&&ups. The

Port 7 output buffers can sinkGsource four TT2 inputs. 5hen s are

written to Port 7 pins they are pu&&ed hi%h by the interna& pu&&ups and can

be used as inputs. 1s inputs, Port 7 pins that are e/terna&&y bein% pu&&ed

&ow wi&& source current 6!!28 because of the interna& pu&&ups. Port 7 emits

the hi%horder address byte durin% fetches from e/terna& pro%ram

memory and durin% accesses to e/terna& data memory that uses *bit

addresses 64'3 LDPT(8. !n this app&ication, it uses stron% interna&

pu&&ups when emittin% s. Durin% accesses to e/terna& data memory that

uses Jbit addresses 64'3 L (!8, Port 7 emits the contents of the P7


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"pecia& $unction (e%ister. Port 7 a&so receives the hi%horder address bits

and some contro& si%na&s durin% $&ash pro%rammin% and verification.

P: >-!t is an Jbit bidirectiona& !G4 port with interna& pu&&ups. The

Port - output buffers can sinkGsource four TT2 inputs. 5hen s are

written to Port - pins they are pu&&ed hi%h by the interna& pu&&ups and can

be used as inputs. 1s inputs, Port - pins that are e/terna&&y bein% pu&&ed

&ow wi&& source current 6!!28 because of the pu&&ups.

Port - a&so serves the functions of various specia& features of the

1TJC@ as &isted be&owH

Port - a&so receives some contro& si%na&s for $&ash pro%rammin% and

verification.

RST-(eset input. 1 hi%h on this pin for two machine cyc&es whi&e the

osci&&ator is runnin% resets the device.

ALE?PROG-1ddress 2atch #nab&e output pu&se for &atchin% the &ow byte

of the address durin% accesses to e/terna& memory. This pin is a&so the

pro%ram pu&se input 6P(4?8 durin% $&ash pro%rammin%. !n norma&

operation 12# is emitted at a constant rate of G* the osci&&ator

fre:uency, and may be used for e/terna& timin% or c&ockin% purposes. !f

desired, 12# operation can be disab&ed by settin% bit + of "$( &ocation

J#>. 5ith the bit set, 12# is active on&y durin% a 4'3 or 4'C


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instruction. 4therwise, the pin is weak&y pu&&ed hi%h. "ettin% the 12#

disab&e bit has no effect if the microcontro&&er is in e/terna& e/ecution

mode.

PSENPro%ram "tore #nab&e is the read strobe to e/terna& pro%ram

memory. 5hen the 1TJC@ is e/ecutin% code from e/terna& pro%ram

memory, P"#N is activated twice each machine cyc&e, e/cept that two

P"#N activations are skipped durin% each access to e/terna& data

memory.

EA?VPP- #/terna& 1ccess #nab&e. #1 must be strapped to ?ND inorder

to enab&e the device to fetch code from e/terna& pro%ram memory

&ocations startin% at ++++> up to $$$$>.This pin a&so receives the 7

vo&t pro%rammin% enab&e vo&ta%e 6'PP8 durin% $&ash pro%rammin%, for

parts that re:uire7vo&t 'PP.

@TAL1- !nput to the invertin% osci&&ator amp&ifier and input to the

interna& c&ock operatin% circuit.

@TAL&- 4utput from the invertin% osci&&ator amp&ifier.

4.% AB:2 M+, R+,/6B$

4peratin% Temperature @@oC to M7@oC

"tora%e Temperature *@C to M@+C

'o&ta%e on any Pin with (espect to

?round

.+' to MB.+'

a/imum 4peratin% 'o&ta%e *.*'

DC 4utput Current @.+m1


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CHAPTER 5

=IG"EE

5.1 INTRODUCTION

;i%9ee is the name of a specification for a suite of hi%h &eve&

communication protoco&s usin% sma&&, &owpower di%ita& radios based on

the !### J+7.@.=7++* standard for wire&ess persona& area networks

65P1Ns8, such as wire&ess headphones connectin% with ce&& phones via

short ran%e radio. The techno&o%y is intended to be simp&er and &ess

e/pensive than other 5P1Ns, such as 9&uetooth.

!t is suitab&e for &ow data rate and &ow power consumption

app&ication with other wire&ess techno&o%ies such as 9&uetooth and 5i$i.

1pp&ication inc&udes home and bui&din% automation, industria& contro&,

vehic&e mana%ement systems. The ;i%9ee modu&e avai&ab&e in the re%u&ar

+m ran%e version, and the -+m pro version.

5.& WORING PRINCIPLE

;i%9ee hardware typica&&y consist of an ei%ht bit icrocontro&&er

combined with a miniature transceiver a sma&& amount 6e/. -7 K98 of

f&ash memory and (1. The 39ee modu&e is interconnected with the

ei%ht bit microcontro&&er. The C4" &o%ic is used between the

icrocontro&&es amd 39## modu&e, the fo&&owin% fi%ure e/p&ains how

the information is transmitted and received usin% ;i%9ee.


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5.> T#PES OF =IG"EE

=,6"22 C::,/+: =C

The most capab&e device, the coordinator forms the root of the

network tree and mi%ht brid%e to other networks. There is e/act&y one

;i%bee coordinator in each network since it is the device that started the

network ori%ina&&y. !t is ab&e to store information about the network,

actin% as the Trust Centre.

=,6"22 R:2 =R

!t can act as an intermediate router, passin% data from other

devices.

=,6"22 E/ D2,32B =ED

Contains just enou%h functiona&ity to ta&k to the parent node, it

cannot re&ay data from other devices. This re&ationship a&&ows the node to

be as&eep a si%nificant amount of the time thereby %ivin% &on% battery &ife.

1 ;#D re:uires the &east amount of memory, and can be &ess e/pensive to

manufacture than a ;( or ;C.


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5.4 AREAS OF APPLICATION

>4# 151(#N#""H 5ater sensors, power sensors, smoke and fire

detectors, smart app&iances and access sensors.

49!2# "#('!C#"H mpayement, mmonitorin% and contro&, m

security and access contro&.

!ND


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CHAPTER %

"U==ER

%.1 INTRODUCTION

1 buer is a si%na&in% device, used in automobi&es, househo&d

app&iances such as microwave oven. The pieoe&ectric sound components

operate on an princip&e uti&iin% natura& osci&&ation of pieoe&ectric

ceramics. Today, pieoe&ectric sound components are used in many wayssuch as home app&iances, audio e:uipment te&ephones. They are app&ied

wide&y in a&arms, speakers, te&ephone rin%ers, receivers, transmitters,

beep sounds, etc.

%.& WORING PRINCIPLE

9asica&&y, the sound source of a pieoe&ectric sound component is a

pieoe&ectric diaphra%m. !t consists of a pieoe&ectric ceramic p&ate which

has e&ectrodes on both sides and a meta& p&ate. Ceramic p&ate is attached

to a meta& p&ate with adhesives. 1pp&yin% D.C. vo&ta%e between

e&ectrodes of a pieoe&ectric diaphra%m causes mechanica& distortion due

to the pieoe&ectric effect.


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Diaphra%m operation

$or a misshaped pieoe&ectric e&ement, the distortion of the

pieoe&ectric e&ement e/pands in a radia& direction. The meta& p&ate

bonded to the pieoe&ectric e&ement does not e/pand. Converse&y , when

the pieoe&ectric e&ement shrinks, thus, when 1.C. vo&ta%e is app&ied

across e&ectrodes, producin% sound waves in the air.


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CHAPTER 7

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS

B.


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B.- !C(4C4NT(422#(


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B.= 13-7-7#P#

B.= 2DB"-- "4T7--


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B.= T!P77


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-!??ER1 E! -IT0IR7T'1 E! -IT1IR7T'2 E! -IT2-!??ER2 E! -IT

-!??ER17ON7MAS. E! -IT0-!??ER17OFF7MAS. E! 0FEHIR7T'17ON7MAS. E! -IT1IR7T'17OFF7MAS. E! 0FDHIR7T'27ON7MAS. E! -IT2IR7T'27OFF7MAS. E! 0F-HIR7T'17T'27ON7MAS. E! 00#HIR7T'17T'27OFF7MAS. E! 0F*H-!??ER27ON7MAS. E! -IT-!??ER27OFF7MAS. E! 0FH

IR7R'17MAS. E! -IT2IR7R'27MAS. E! -IT

; !&er


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MO@ A!'R9B01H ;)leari,% E'TRAMbi1 all+8& :eea,


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; MO@ DA)7HIGH7DATA9A; L)ALL 3RITE7DA)7DATA; LJMP TO7GENERATE7IR7GAP1;IR7R'17LO36; MO@ A9DA)7HIGH7DATA; ANL A9B-!??ER17OFF7MAS.; MO@ DA)7HIGH7DATA9A; L)ALL 3RITE7DA)7DATA;TO7GENERATE7IR7GAP16; L)ALL GENERATE7IR7GAP; LJMP GENERATE7)ONTINO!S7IR7-IT71

MO@ STAT!S9B000HMO@ SE)OND7)NT9B000HMO@ )MD7R)@D9B000H

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L)ALL SEND7SPA)EL)ALL SEND7)L)ALL SEND7OL)ALL SEND7ML)ALL SEND7ML)ALL SEND7AL)ALL SEND7NL)ALL SEND7DL)ALL SEND7SPA)EL)ALL SEND7RL)ALL SEND7EL)ALL SEND7)

L)ALL SEND7EL)ALL SEND7IL)ALL SEND7@


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GENERATE7IR7P!LSE6MO@ A9DA)7HIGH7DATA


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RET

;Ar+i4aely %i>e& 10 4&


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DELA6 MO@ R19 B10DELA16 MO@ R29 B255DELA26 NOP

NOPDJN? R29 DELA2DJN? R19 DELA1RET

;Ar+i4aely %i>e& 1 4ir+&e+,<


34/52


35/52

L)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELAL)ALL DELA

RET

ONE7SE)OND7DELA6

L)ALL HALF7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL HALF7SE)OND7DELA

RET

THREE7SE)OND7DELA6

L)ALL ONE7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL ONE7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL ONE7SE)OND7DELA

RET

SE@EN7SE)OND7DELA6

L)ALL ONE7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL ONE7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL ONE7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL ONE7SE)OND7DELA

L)ALL ONE7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL ONE7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL ONE7SE)OND7DELA


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RET

TEN7SE)OND7DELA6

L)ALL THREE7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL SE@EN7SE)OND7DELA

RET

THIRT7SE)OND7DELA6




RET

FORT7SE)OND7DELA6





RET

3RITE7DA)7DATA6MO@ P09B0FFH

MO@ DPTR9BDA)7HIGH7LEMO@ A9DA)7HIGH7DATA ;!PPER / -ITS OF DA) DATA9DA)7)S0

MO@' KDPTR9A

MO@ P09B0FFHMO@ DPTR9BDA)7LO37LEMO@ A9DA)7LO37DATA ;LO3ER " -ITS OF DA) DATAMO@' KDPTR9A

MO@ P09B0FFHMO@ DPTR9BDA)7HIGH7LE

MO@ A9DA)7HIGH7DATA ;!PPER / -ITS OF DA) DATAORL A9BDA)7)S ;DA)7)S1MO@' KDPTR9A


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RET

SEND7G6MO@ A9BGMO@ S-!F9A

SND7G6 JN- TI9SND7G)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7H6MO@ A9BHMO@ S-!F9A

SND7H6 JN- TI9SND7H)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7I6MO@ A9BIMO@ S-!F9A

SND7I6 JN- TI9SND7I)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7J6MO@ A9BJMO@ S-!F9A

SND7J6 JN- TI9SND7J)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7.6MO@ A9B.MO@ S-!F9A

SND7.6 JN- TI9SND7.)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7L6MO@ A9BLMO@ S-!F9A

SND7L6 JN- TI9SND7L)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7M6MO@ A9BMMO@ S-!F9A

SND7M6 JN- TI9SND7M)LR TIL)ALL DELA


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RET

SEND7N6MO@ A9BNMO@ S-!F9A

SND7N6 JN- TI9SND7N)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7O6MO@ A9BOMO@ S-!F9A

SND7O6 JN- TI9SND7O)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7P6MO@ A9BPMO@ S-!F9A

SND7P6 JN- TI9SND7P)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND76MO@ A9BMO@ S-!F9A

SND76 JN- TI9SND7)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7R6MO@ A9BRMO@ S-!F9A

SND7R6 JN- TI9SND7R)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7S6MO@ A9BSMO@ S-!F9A

SND7S6 JN- TI9SND7S)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7T6MO@ A9BTMO@ S-!F9A

SND7T6 JN- TI9SND7T)LR TIL)ALL DELA


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RET

SEND7!6MO@ A9B!MO@ S-!F9A

SND7!6 JN- TI9SND7!)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7@6MO@ A9B@MO@ S-!F9A

SND7@6 JN- TI9SND7@)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND736MO@ A9B3MO@ S-!F9A


SEND7'6MO@ A9B'MO@ S-!F9A

SND7'6 JN- TI9SND7')LR TIL)ALL DELARET



SEND7?6MO@ A9B?MO@ S-!F9A

SND7?6 JN- TI9SND7?)LR TIL)ALL DELARET


SND706 JN- TI9SND70)LR TIL)ALL DELA


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RET







SEND7/6MO@ A9B/MO@ S-!F9A

SND7/6 JN- TI9SND7/)LR TIL)ALL DELARET



SEND7#6MO@ A9B#MO@ S-!F9A

SND7#6 JN- TI9SND7#)LR TIL)ALL DELARET


SND76 JN- TI9SND7)LR TIL)ALL DELA


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RET

SEND7"6MO@ A9B"MO@ S-!F9A

SND7"6 JN- TI9SND7")LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7*6MO@ A9B*MO@ S-!F9A

SND7*6 JN- TI9SND7*)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7!OTE6MO@ A9BMO@ S-!F9A

SND7!OTE6 JN- TI9SND7!OTE)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7)OMMA6MO@ A9B9MO@ S-!F9A

SND7)OMMA6 JN- TI9SND7)OMMA)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7)OLLON6MO@ A9B6MO@ S-!F9A

SND7)OLLON6 JN- TI9SND7)OLLON)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7SPA)E6MO@ A9B MO@ S-!F9A

SND7SPA)E6 JN- TI9SND7SPA)E)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

SEND7NE37LINE6MO@ A9B00-HMO@ S-!F9A

SND7NE37LINE6 JN- TI9SND7NE37LINE)LR TIL)ALL DELA


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RET

SEND7)ARRIAGE7RET!RN6MO@ A9B00DHMO@ S-!F9A

SND7)ARRIAGE7RET!RN6 JN- TI9SND7)ARRIAGE7RET!RN)LR TIL)ALL DELARET

)37))LE6L)ALL ONE7TENTH7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL STEP1L)ALL ONE7TENTH7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL STEP2L)ALL ONE7TENTH7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL STEPL)ALL ONE7TENTH7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL STEP/RET

))37))LE6L)ALL ONE7TENTH7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL STEPL)ALL ONE7TENTH7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL STEP2L)ALL ONE7TENTH7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL STEP1L)ALL ONE7TENTH7SE)OND7DELAL)ALL STEP/RET

;Se Se1STEP16

MO@ A9B01EHMO@ DA)7LO37DATA9AL)ALL 3RITE7DA)7DATARET

;Se Se2STEP26

MO@ A9B#HMO@ DA)7LO37DATA9AL)ALL 3RITE7DA)7DATARET

;Se SeSTEP6

MO@ A9BHMO@ DA)7LO37DATA9AL)ALL 3RITE7DA)7DATARET

;Se Se/STEP/6MO@ A9B1-H


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MO@ DA)7LO37DATA9AL)ALL 3RITE7DA)7DATARET

END

C>1PT#(

D1T1 ">##T"

.


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.7 !C(4C4NT(422#(


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.- ;!?9##


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CHAPTER 10

REFERENCES

. uhammad (ashid.>, Power #&ectronics circuits, Devices and

1pp&ication , #astern #conomy #dition Prentice >a&& of !ndia

Private 2imited.

7. Charu&atha Pub&ication, icroprocessor 1nd icrocontro&&er

4N2!N# "4

Project Report in 03 Format

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