PROJECT PRESENTATION FOR DETERMINATION OF PRAYER …

PROJECT PRESENTATION FOR

DETERMINATION OF PRAYER TIMES

IN THE POLAR ZONES

1st PART : OBSERVATIONS MADE WHEN THE SUN

DOES NOT RISE (STAYS BELOW THE HORIZON)

Dates Of First Observation : 12-14.JANUARY.2011

Location: TROMSO / NORWAY

Position: 70° Latitude Northern Polar Zone

PROJECT PRODUCER

SÜLEYMANİYE FOUNDATION

Religion and Creation’s Dispositions Centre

Participants of the research program

“Determination Of Prayer Times In The Polar Zones”

that was conducted at the latitude of 70° in Tromso, Norway:

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEEProf. Dr. Abdulaziz BAYINDIR / I.Ü. Faculty of Divinity

Prof. Dr. Adnan ÖKTEN / I.Ü. Physics Faculty Department of Astronomy Sciences

Doc. Dr. Servet BAYINDIR / I.Ü. Faculty of Divinity

TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEEHalit MOLLAOĞLU / Süleymaniye Foundation Executive Board Member

Hasan Mustafa ARSLAN / Süleymaniye Foundation Executive Board Member - Photos

Mustafa EVLİ / Süleymaniye Foundation Executive Board Member - External Affairs and Organization

Miktad ŞEN / Camera

Salat is a kind of prayer ordered to the mankind to be

done at specific times. The conditions of polar zones

had not attracted the attention of religion men in the

past centuries, since no Muslim communities used to

reside in there. On the other hand, people from other

religions have already forgotten that prayer (salat) was

ordered to them, but they started to use this as a

material to lie against the last prophet of Allah, that is

Hz. Mohammad.

Some religion men recommend to comply with the

prayer times of Meccah or the prayer times of the

closest location where the sun rises and sets for the

polar zones. These fatwas, however cannot be proven

and they do not rely on any concrete evidence. Some

of these ideas even suppose that some of prayers are

not due since related conditions are not met.

We know that the prayer times are one of the most

argued subjects eversince, especially over the internet.

If Allah orders to pray five times a day to all the people

on earth, related criteria must have already been set

and clarified. The specific criteria for a person to

discover or observe the prayer times, even when no

devices to communicate or measure the time exist,

must have been shown. Since the only excuse of salat

is insanity, the Glorified Alllah must have set the times

of this prayer clearly and no other way is possible...

Why is

“Determination of Prayer (Salat) Times in The Polar Zones”

Important?

“Süleymaniye Foundation Religion and Creation‟s

Dispositions Centre” has focused on this subject, just

as many others, and started an extensive work on

related concepts in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah,

while also comprising its opinion based on related

science branch knowledge and experience. This

opinion had to be clarified by a set of observations.

The observations made at the city of Tromso, Norway,

which is of 70° latitude in the northern polar zone, have

really been clarifying and definitive.

These definitive criteria must be known by everybody

to be able to complete prayer and fasting (salat and

sawm).

“Prayer Times” will be introduced for global

discussion by our foundation, after a series of onsite

observations that will be completed this year.

AURORA(Polar Lights / Northern Lights)

First Night‟s Surprise...

Aurora occured while searching for the

appropriate observation place at the night

our team reached Tromso. This northern

light is the consequence of explosions on

the Sun and a rare event to observe, which

excites the astronomy proffessor of our

team, Prof. Dr. Adnan Ökten.

The red rays of light intersecting the green

rays are also part of aurora.

Mentioned sky event has been subject to

local news the next day.

Information on Aurora and related photos

can be found on the following link:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_%28astronom

y%29

Video of Aurora :

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcfWsj9OnsI

12 January 2011 Night Tromso/Norway Latitude 70°

PRAYER IN POLAR ZONES

First observation was made in the morning of the arrival night in Tromso.

Although the piece of land lying in the direction to observe sunrays added some

more difficulty to local conditions, the sky was clear throughout the day. This

clear sight was unexpected checking the last thirty year statistics of the area.

The clear sky and positive weather conditions let all five prayer times to be

observed with the naked eye.

Morning Observation13 January 2011 Tromso

PRAYER IN POLAR ZONESMorning Observation – 13 January 2011 Tromso

06:25 A.M.

“The horizon is pitch-dark”


The Sun is 14o Below The Horizon

Morning Observation – 13 January 2011 Tromso

07:05 A.M.

“The horizon is pitch-dark”


The Sun is 13,5o Below The Horizon

The Altair Star


07:15 A.M.

“Slight lllumination At The Horizon”



The Altair Star


07:30 A.M.

“The horizon is illuminating, but the „white line‟ has not emerged, yet.”

“Eat and drink, until the white line

of fajr appear to you distinct from

its black line. Then, complete the

fast until the evening.”

Al-Baqarah 2/187

The Horizon is the apparent

boundary between earth and sky. The fajr time begins when the illumination

starts to expand along the horizon in the

east in the morning. The piece of earth

between the horizon and the person

observing the horizon appears as a “black

line”. The horizon line is clear to the eye

since the sky starts to illuminate. The

person who is going to fast, needs to quit

eating and drinking from this moment on.

This time is also the beginning of morning

prayer time.

“And keep up prayer in the two

parts of the day and in the hours of

the night that are nearer the day.

Surely, good works drive away evil

works. This is the correct

information for those who use their

knowledge.”

Hood 11/114

“From the westwards declension of

the sun till the darkness of the

night, and when the fajr (the first

lights of morning) condenses, keep

up the prayer. The condensation at

fajr is clear to the eye.”

Isra 17/78



BEGINNING OF MORNING PRAYER

FAJR TIME


07:45 A.M.

“The „white line‟ above the horizon is clearing.”




07:45 A.M.

BEGINNING OF MORNING PRAYER – DIFFERENT ANGLE

FAJR TIME

PRAYER IN POLAR ZONES08:45 A.M.

“ILLUMINATION REACHES THE WESTERN HORIZON”

SUNRISE


The Sun is 4 Degrees Below The HorizonIllustration

of

SUN

DHUHR TIME OBSERVATION

13 January 2011 TROMSO70° Northern Latitude



11:55 A.M. Dhuhr Prayer Time

Sun is 0.5o Below The Horizon

The Sun is 0.5 Degrees Below The Horizon

11:55 A.M.

“The Sun has moved westwards from the meridian.”

DHUHR PRAYER TIME

Dhuhr Time Observation – 13 January 2011 Tromso

Illustration

of

SUN

Illustration of Meridian

This is the moment when the

shadows are neither to the left

nor to the right of the objects.

When the shadows begin moving

towards left (as we are faced

with the Sun), it is known that the

dhuhr prayer time is due.

Illustration of the Horizon

“From the westwards declension of the Sun till the

darkness of the night, and when the fajr (the first

lights of morning) condenses, keep up the prayer.

The condensation at fajr is clear to the eye.”

(Isra 17/78)

“And keep up prayer in the two parts of the day

and in the hours of the night that are nearer the

day. Surely, good works drive away evil works.

This is the correct information for those who use

their knowledge.”

(Hood, 11/114)

11:55 A.M.

DHUHR PRAYER TIME – DIFFERENT ANGLE

Illustration of

Meridian

Dispersion Arc Of Dhuhr-time Rays

Illustration

of SUN

PRAYER IN POLAR ZONESDhuhr Time Observation – 13 January 2011 Tromso


ASR TIME OBSERVATION



1:10 P.M.

DHUHR PRAYER TIME IS STILL DUE

PRAYER IN POLAR ZONESAsr Time Observation – 13 January 2011 Tromso


Dispersion Arc Of Asr Time Rays

1:25 P.M.

ASR PRAYER TIME

Illustration of

SUN

“From the westwards declension of the Sun

till the darkness of the night, and when the

fajr (the first lights of morning) condenses,

keep up the prayer. The condensation at fajr

is clear to the eye.”

(Isra 17/78)

“And keep up prayer in the two parts of the

day and in the hours of the night that are

nearer the day. Surely, good works drive

away evil works. This is the correct

information for those who use their

knowledge.”

(Hood, 11/114)

PRAYER IN POLAR ZONESAsr Time Observation – 13 January 2011 Tromso


Dispersion Arc Of Asr Time

Rays

1:25 P.M.

ASR PRAYER TIME

Illustration of

SUN


Dispersion Arc Of Dhuhr Time

Rays

Illustration

of SUN

Illustration

of Meridian

11:55 A.M.

DHUHR PRAYER TIME

Illustration

of Horizon

This is to compare the

locations of Sun below the

horizon at dhuhr and asr

prayer times.


COMPARISON OF DHUHR AND ASR TIME SUNRAYS DISPERSION ARCS

MAGHRIB TIME OBSERVATION



2:55 P.M.

“EASTERN HORIZON BEGINS DARKENING”

MAGHRIB PRAYER TIME

“And keep up prayer in the two parts of the day and in the hours of the

night that are nearer the day. Surely, good works drive away evil works.

This is the correct information for those who use their knowledge.”

(Hood, 11/114)

“From the westwards declension of the sun till the darkness of the

night, and when the fajr (the first lights of morning) condenses, keep up

the prayer. The condensation at fajr is clear to the eye.” (Isra 17/78)

The Sun is 7 Degrees Below The Horizon

PRAYER IN POLAR ZONES13 January 2011 Tromso

MAGHRIB PRAYER TIME IS STILL DUE

The Sun is 8 Degrees Below the Horizon

3:32 P.M. South-Western Sky


3:32 P.M. North-Eastern Sky

ISHA‟A TIME OBSERVATION



4:20 P.M.

ISHA‟A PRAYER TIME


The Sun is 8,5 Degrees Below the Horizon

4:30 P.M.

ISHA‟A PRAYER TIME IS STILL DUE



5:28 P.M.

BEGINNING OF PITCH-DARK

END OF ISHA‟A PRAYER TIME


“And keep up prayer in the two parts of the day and in the hours of the night that are nearer the day. Surely, good works drive away evil

works. This is the correct information for those who use their knowledge.”

(Hood, 11/114)

“From the westwards declension of the sun till the darkness of the night,

and when the fajr (the first lights of morning) condenses, keep up the prayer.

The condensation at fajr is clear to the eye.” (İsra 17/78)


4:08 P.M.

This is the panoramic view of three photos that are taken at manual settings from the cable-car

location of Tromso at a higher altitude than city centre one day after previous shootings.


Norway, TROMSO (70° Northern Latitude) SUNSET – Local Hour: 4:08 P.M.

Direction: SOUTHWEST

PRESENTOR:

THANKS!

www.islamandquran.org

www.suleymaniyevakfi.org

http://www.islamandquran.org/

http://www.suleymaniyevakfi.org/

http://www.suleymaniyevakfi.org/

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