PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULLING

Presented by:PM Dr Mohamad Ibrahim MohamadConstruction Management GroupFaculty of Civil EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia

PROJECT PLANNING

& SCHEDULLING

Planning Organizing

Con

trolling

Leading

Time

Cost

Quality

Machinery

Human

InformationDirecting

Evalu

ating

Material$

MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Main Objective Of management Effort.....

To maximize the profit !!!!!

$$$

Planning is ….

…..devising of a workable scheme of operations that accomplishes an established objective when put into action.

THE FOCUS OF PLANNING

What is to be accomplished and how?

What is to be accomplished and how?

THE FOCUS OF PLANNING

“Determining the future objectives and appropriates means to achieve it”

PLANNING PROCESS WILL ANSWER THESE BASIC QUESTIONS:

What must be done?How it should be done?Who should do it?When it must be done?How much will it cost

ELEMENTS OF PLANNING

• Objectives• Action• Resources• Implementation

HIERARCHY OF PLANNING

Purpose

Objectives

Strategies

Policies : Major or Minor

Procedure and Rules

Programs

Budgets

PROJECT PLAN ELEMENTS

• Overview• General Approach• Contractual Aspec• Schedules• Resources• Personnel• Evaluation Methods• Potential Problems

BASIC FEEDBACK LOOP OF CONTROL

PLAN ACTUAL

no yesVARIANCE?

FindCause

CorrectiveAction

Forecastto complete

Newplan

IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING

• COORDINATING EFFORT

• PREPARE FOR CHANGE

• DEVELOPING

PERFORMANCE STANDARD

• DEVELOPING MANAGER

PROJECT CHARACTERISTIC

COMPLEX AND NUMEROUS ACTIVITYUNIQUE - A ONE TIME SET EVENTFINITE - WITH BEGIN AND AN END DATELIMITED RESOURCES AND BUDGETMANY PEOPLE INVOLVEDSEQUENCED ACTIVITIESGOAL ORIENTED

WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNINGWHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING

WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING

• Lack of commitment to planning• Failure to develop and implement sound

strategies• Lack of meaningful objectives and goals• Failure to see scope of plan• Failure to see planning as a rational process• Excessive reliance on experience

WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING(continue..)

• Lack of management support• Lack of clear delegation• Lack of adequate control techniques• Resistance to change

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WHAT IS scheduling ?

FORECAST/PROJECTED PLANNING

A schedule developed act as a baseline for accomplish the project.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCHEDULING

• To give confidence to the client• To eliminate any uncertainties• To improve the efficiency of the operation

through efficient use of resources and cost control.

• To better understand of the project objectives• To provide a basis for monitoring and controlling

the work

THE IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT SCHEDULING – cont’d

• To develop logic relations on site activities• To determine start date for each activity• To determine critical activity.• To monitor cash flow• To enhance operation and resources efficiency• to claim extension of time• to ensure that all resources available for carry

out activities.

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1. Client/ Project Manager2. Project Engineer3. Contractor

Who did the scheduling ?

General Schedule - Client / Project managerDetail Schedule - Contractor

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1. Gantt Chart – Carta Bar/ Carta Turus

2. Line of Balance3. CPM – Critical Path Method4. PERT – Project Evaluation Review

Technique5. Precedence Diagram

SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE

SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE

• Bar Chart or Gantt’s Chart

JAN FEB MAC APR MAY

Prelim. & Erthwork

Sub-structure

Frame

Wall

Roof

Finishes

Activities

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Advantages:1. Easy to understand at any hierarchy of management2. Effective in term information transfer to technical staff (supervisor

and staffs that not familiar with other technique)3. Suitable to estimate ‘man-hour’ and ‘machinery hour’4. Utilised to plan budget and cash flow5. Easy to determine work progress

Advantages & Disadvantage of Bar Chart

Disadvantages:1.Critical activities cannot be identified2.Not effective in order to modify planning3.Not effective in order to compress project period

SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE

SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE

Line of Balance

Piling Pile-cap Piers Deck

Time

Qu

anti

ty

20

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SCHEDULING TECHNIQUESCHEDULING TECHNIQUE

Networking

LOGIC DIAGRAMLOGIC DIAGRAM

Logic diagram represent order and flow of work.

ExcavateFooting

FixedFormwork

PourConcrete

TYPICAL ARROW DIAGRAM

Fabricate Rebar

Excavate Trench

Fabricate formwork

FixedFormwork

FixedRebar

PourConcrete

PROJECT TASK

Earliest StartTime

Latest StartTime

Earliest FinishTime

Latest FinishTime

ACTIVITY

ID #

Duration

TYPICAL PRECEDENCE METHODTYPICAL PRECEDENCE METHODLOGIC DIAGRAMLOGIC DIAGRAM

Fabricate Rebar

Excavate Trench

Fabricate formwork

FixedFormwork

FixedRebar

PourConcrete