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Transcript of project- ON AC GENERATOR
7/23/2019 project- ON AC GENERATOR
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Physics
project014-2015
Ashwin Francis
XII A
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ACKNOWLEDGAEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully,many
KENDI!"
#ID!"$"!"
%&$E'"KE(
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people ha)e *est o+ne upon me their *lessins an
the heart
plee support, this time I am utili.in to than/ all the
people +ho ha)e *een concerne +ith project
Primarily I +oul than/ o for *ein a*le to complete
this
project +ith success (hen I +oul li/e to than/ my
principal
'r DI IN% an physics teacher 'rs NEE$"'
E%"$, +hose
)alua*le uiance has *een the ones that helpe me
patch this
project an ma/e it full proof success his suestionsan his
instructions has ser)e as the major contri*utor
to+ars the
completion of the project
(hen I +oul li/e to than/ my parents an friens +ho
ha)e
helpe me +ith their )alua*le suestions an
uiance has
*een helpful in )arious phases of the completion of the
project
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$ast *ut not the least I +oul li/e to than/ my
classmates
+ho ha)e helpe me a lot
CONTENTS
1 "3KN&$ED%E'EN(
2 IN(&D3(I&N
6 (E&!
4 "PP""( E7IED
5 3&N(3(I&N
8 &KIN%
9 E &: "3 %ENE"(&
; E::I3IEN3!
< =I=$I&%"P!
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INTRODUCTION
An electric generator is a device that
converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy. A generator forces electric current
to flow through an external circuit. The
source of mechanical energy may be a
reciprocating or turbine steam engine,water falling through a turbine or
waterwheel, an internal combustion
engine, a wind turbine, a
hand crank, compressed air , or any other
source of mechanical energy. Generatorsprovide nearly all of the power for electric
power grids
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THEORY
1 (he stron manetic >el is prouce *y a current ?o+throuh the >el coil of the rotor
2 (he >el coil in the rotor recei)es e@citation throuh the use of
slip rins an *rushes
6 (+o *rushes are sprin-hel in contact +ith the slip rins to pro)ie the continuous
connection *et+een the >el coil an the e@ternal e@citationcircuit
4 (he armature is containe +ithinthe +inins of the stator an is
connecte to the output
5 Each time the rotor ma/es one
complete re)olution, one complete
cycle of "3 is e)elope
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8 " enerator has many turns of +ire
+oun into the slots of the rotor 9 (he manitue of "3 )oltae
enerate *y an "3 enerator is
epenent on the >el strenth an
spee of the rotor
; 'ost enerators are operate at aconstant speeA therefore, theenerate )oltae epens on >ele@citation, or strenth
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APPARATUS REQUIRED
l 4 - 1cm @ 2cm @ 5cm ceramic manet
l 1 - 'anet +ire 200ft spool
l 1 - 'iniature Incanescent $amp, 15#
25m"
l 1 - 3ar*oar strip, ;cm @ 60cm
l 1 - $are nail, ;cm lon or more
l 'isc - Knife or sanpaper to strip the+ires
l 'isc - tape to hol +ire o+n
l &ptionalB han rill or electric rill tospin itChan rill is *est
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:irst ma/e the hollo+-ene *o@ core thecar*oar strip li/e soB
:ol it li/e this an tape it securely
se the nail to po/e a hole perfectly straiht
throuh the center of the *o@, oin throuh *oth
CONSTR
UCTION
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sies an all Chole three layers of car*oar (hen pull the nail out an use it to +ien all theholes slihtly, so +hen you put the nail *ac/
throuh, it +ill *e a *it loose an a*le to spin
"t this point you shoul clamp four manetsaroun the nail an i)e it a spin (his ma/essure the *o@ is lare enouh (he nail an
manets shoul spin freely (he corners of the
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manets shoul N&( *ump the insie of the *o@as they spin If the *o@ is a *it too small, starto)er an ma/e it a little *ier Either that, or try
a thinner nail
Pic/ the spool of num*er-60 manet +ire :romthe /it of spools (his is the thinnest (ape oneen of the num*er-60 manet +ire to the sie of the *o@, then +in all of the +ire onto the *o@ assho+n Its &K to co)er up the nail hole
Pull the tape en of the +ire out, then tapeo+n *oth of the +ires so the coil oesntun+in
!ou shoul ha)e a*out 10cm of +ire left stic/in
out se sanpaper or the ee of a /nife to
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scrape the thin plastic coatin oF 2cm of the +ireens emo)e e)ery *it of re coatin, so the+ire ens are coppery
prea the +ire a+ay from the nail hole an tapeit in place tic/ the nail *ac/ throuh the holesan ma/e sure it can spin
(a/e your four manets, stic/ them face to facein t+o pairs, (hen stic/ the t+o pairs insie the*o@ an on either sie of the nail so they ra*
the nail Push them aroun until they aresome+hat *alance an e)en, then spin the nailan see if they turn freely If you +ish, you canstic/ 2cm sGuares of car*oar*et+een the manets to straihten them, antape the manets so they ont mo)e aroun onthe nail
'a/e sure that each en of the enerators +iresare totally cleare of re plastic coatin If thereis a *it of plastic left, it can act as an insulator+hich turns oF your liht *ul* circuit
(+ist the scrape en of each enerator +iresecurely aroun the sil)er tip of each +ire from
the small liht *ul*CIf necessary, use a /nife to strip more plasticfrom the ens of the liht *ul* +ires &neenerator +ire oes to one liht *ul* +ire, theother enerator +ire oes to the other liht *ul*+ire, an the t+o t+iste +ire connectionsshoul not touch toether In the t+iste +ires,metal must touch metal +ith noplastic in *et+een
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"ll metals contain a mo)a*le su*stance calle
Helectric chareH E)en unchare +ires are fullof chare "fter all, the atoms of the metal are
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mae half of positi)e protons an half of neati)eelectrons 'etals are special *ecause theirelectrons ont stay connecte to the metal
atoms, instea they ?y aroun insie the metalan form a type of electric HliGuiH insie the+ires "ll +ires are full of electric ?ui 'oernscientists call this the Helectron seaH or HelectronasH It is not in)isi*le, it actually i)es metalstheir sil)ery shine (he electron as is li/e asil)ery ?ui
hen a circle of +ire surrouns a manetic >el,an the manetic >el then chanes, a circularHpressureH calle #oltae appears (his circular)oltae trys to force the mo)a*le chares in the+ire to rotate aroun the circle In other +ors,mo)in manets create electric currents in
close circles of +ire " mo)in manet causes apumpin action If the circuit is not complete, ifthere is a *rea/, then the pumpin force +illcause no chare ?o+ =ut if the circuit isHcompleteH or HcloseH, then the manetspumpin action can force the electrons of the coilto *ein ?o+in (his is a *asic la+ of physics,
an it is use *y all coilJmanet electricenerators
hen the circuit is close an the manet ismo)in, chares in the metal are force to ?o+
(he chares of the liht *ul*s >lament arepushe alon hen the chares +ithin thecopper +ire pass into the thin liht *ul* >lament,
WORKI
NG
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their spee reatly increases hen the chareslea)e the >lament an mo)e *ac/ into the
1 "ircraft au@iliary po+er eneration, +inenerators, hih spee as tur*ineenerators
2 y*ri electric )ehicle CE# ri)esystems, automoti)e starter enerators
6 "n ac enerator, or alternator, is use toprouce ac )oltaes for transmission )ia theri system or, locally, as porta*leenerators
4 "ll of our househol appliances runs on accurrentE@B efrierator, +ashin machines, o)en,lihts, fan etc
USES
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E@pression for Instantaneous emf ProuceB
$et position of the coil at any time t It ma/e
anle G +ith )ertical If + is uniform anular
spee of the coil
(hen G +t
= *e the strenth of manetic >el n *e the
num*er of turns in the coil an " area of the coil
then manetic ?u@ +ith the coil in this position is
i)en *yB
f n=" 3os G n=" 3os +t
DiFerentiate +rt time
n=" C-in +t +
-n=" + in +t
e - C-n=" + in +t
EFFICIENCY
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ma@imum )alue of emf say E0
e E0 in +t
1ELciency of an "3 enerator is the ratio of
the useful po+er output to the total po+er
input
2=ecause any mechanical process e@periences
some losses, no "3 enerators can *e 100
percent eLcient
6ELciency of an "3 enerator can *e
calculate usin EGuation 4ELciency C&utput JInput @ 100
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1N3E( te@t*oo/ class 12
2 IN(ENE(
6 +++yahoocom
4 +++scri*com
5 +++oolecom
ILI
OGRAPHY
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THANK
YOU