Project Management - Weeblyjfratup.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/5/5/11551779/amat_167.13.pdf · Network...
Transcript of Project Management - Weeblyjfratup.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/5/5/11551779/amat_167.13.pdf · Network...
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ProjectManagementAMAT 167
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PROJECTManagerstypicallyoverseeavarietyofoperations.Someoftheseinvolveroutine,repetitiveactivities,butothersinvolvenonroutine activities.
ØProjects arenonroutine activities.Theyareunique,one-timeoperationsdesignedtoaccomplishasetofobjectivesinalimitedtimeframe.
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Examples•Constructingashoppingcomplex
•Mergingtwocompanies
•Puttingonaplay•Designingandrunningapoliticalcampaign
•Designingnewproductsorservices•Designingadvertisingcampaigns
•Designinginformationsystems
•Reengineeringaprocess•Designingdatabases,softwaredevelopment,anddesigningWebpages
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ProjectLifeCycle
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ProjectManagementØAteam-basedapproachformanagingprojects
Howisitdifferentfromgeneraloperationsmanagement?•Limitedtimeframe.•Narrowfocus,specificobjectives.•Lessbureaucratic.
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ProjectManagementKeymetrics:•Time.•Cost.•Performanceobjectives.
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ProjectManagementKeysuccessfactors:•Top-downcommitment.•Arespectedandcapableprojectmanager.•Enoughtimetoplan.•Carefultrackingandcontrol.•Goodcommunications.
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ProjectManagementMaintools:1.Workbreakdownstructure.Aninitialplanningtoolthatisneededtodevelopalistofactivities,activitysequences,andarealisticbudget.2.Network(precedence)diagram.A“bigpicture”visualaidthatisusedtoestimateprojectduration,identifyactivitiesthatarecriticalfortimelyprojectcompletion,identifyareaswhereslacktimeexists,anddevelopactivityschedules.
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ProjectManagementMaintools:3.Ganttcharts.Avisualaidusedtoplanandmonitorindividualactivities.4.Riskmanagement.Analysesofpotentialfailuresorproblems,assessmentoftheirlikelihoodandconsequences,andcontingencyplans.
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ProjectManagementCertification:TheProjectManagementInstitute(PMI)administersagloballyrecognized,examination-basedprofessionalcertificationprogram.ThecertificationprogrammaintainsISO9001certificationinQualityManagementSystems.Therearetwolevelsofcertification:AssociateandProjectManagementProfessional.
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WorkBreakdownStructureØAhierarchicallistingofwhatmustbedoneduringaproject.
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GanttChart
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NetworkDiagramByusingoneofthetools,wecanobtain•Agraphicaldisplayofprojectactivities.•Anestimateofhowlongtheprojectwilltake.•Anindicationofwhichactivitiesarethemostcriticaltotimelyprojectcompletion.•Anindicationofhowlonganyactivitycanbedelayedwithoutdelayingtheproject.
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NetworkDiagramActivities:Projectstepsthatconsumeresourcesand/ortime.
Events: starting and finishing of activities, designated by nodes in the AOA convention. Unlike activities, they consume neither resources nor time.
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UseofdummyactivityinAOARule:wedonotallowmultipleedges(arcshavingsamestartingandendnodes)
Remark:WedonotneeddummyactivitiesinAON
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UseofdummyactivityinAOAWhatisthemeaningofthis?
Remark:WedonotneeddummyactivitiesinAON
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ExerciseDrawtheAOAandAONdiagrams
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NetworkDiagramPath: asequenceofactivitiesthatleadsfromthestartingnodetotheendingnode.Forexample,intheAOAdiagram,thesequence1-2-4-5-6isapath.IntheAONdiagram,S-1-2-6-7isapath.Notethatinbothdiagramstherearethreepaths.Onereasonfortheimportanceofpathsisthattheyrevealsequentialrelationships.Ifoneactivityinasequenceisdelayedordoneincorrectly,thestartofallfollowingactivitiesonthatpathwillbedelayed.
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NetworkDiagramExpectedprojectduration=expectedtimeofthelongestpath.Ifthereareanydelaysalongthelongestpath,therewillbecorrespondingdelaysinprojectcompletiontime.Attemptstoshortenprojectcompletionmustfocusonthelongestsequenceofactivities.Longestpath=criticalpath.Itsactivitiesarereferredtoascriticalactivities.
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NetworkDiagramPathsthatareshorterthanthecriticalpathcanexperiencesomedelaysandstillnotaffecttheoverallprojectcompletiontimeaslongastheultimatepathtimedoesnotexceedthelengthofthecriticalpath.
Slack=lengthofagivenpath– lengthofthecriticalpath
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NetworkDiagramCommontoolsforplanningandcoordinatinglargeprojects:
vCPM:Criticalpathmethod-deterministic
vPERT:Programevaluationandreviewtechnique-probabilistic