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Project in Science IV

Cut/Search pictures of the ways of preventing soil erosion and each briefly. (1 picture foreach paper)

1. strip cropping2. contour flowing

3. terracing

4. crop rotation5. cover crop

*Paste it in short bond paper and put it in a green sliding folder. To be submitted on or

before Dec. 13, ThursdayNote: Those projects submitted after the deadline is subject foe deduction of grades.

1. Strip cropping is a method offarmingused when a slope is too

steep or too long, or otherwise, when one does not have analternative method of preventing soil erosion. Strip croppingalternates strips of closely sown crops such ashay, wheat, or othersmall grains with strips of row crops, such as corn,soybeans, cotton,orsugar beets

Strip cropping helps to stop soil erosion by creating natural dams for water,helping to preserve the strength of the soil. Certain layers of plants willabsorb minerals and water from the soil more effectively than others.When water reaches the weaker soil that lacks the minerals needed tomake it stronger, it normally washes it away. When strips of soil are strongenough to slow down water from moving through them, the weaker soilcan't wash away like it normally would. Because of this, farmland staysfertile much longer.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybeanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_beethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybeanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_beet

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2. Contour plowing (orcontour ploughing) orcontour farming isthe farmingpractice ofploughingacross a slope following itselevation contour lines. The rows form slow water run-off duringrainstorms to prevent soil erosion and allow the water time to settleinto the soil. In contour ploughing, the ruts made by the plow runperpendicular rather than parallel to slopes, generally resulting in

furrows that curve around the land and are level. A similar practiceiscontourbundingwhere stones are placed around the contours ofslopes.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploughinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploughinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunding

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3. A method of shaping land to control erosion on slopes of rollingland used for cropping and other purposes. In early practice the

land was shaped into a series of nearly level benches or steplike

formations. Modern practice in terracing, however, consists ofthe construction of low-graded channels or levees to carry the

excess rainfall from the land at nonerosive velocities.

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4. Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar/different

types ofcrops in the same area in sequential seasons.

Crop rotation confers various benefits to the soil. A traditional element of

crop rotation is the replenishment ofnitrogen through the use ofgreen

manure in sequence with cereals and other crops. Crop rotation also

mitigates the build-up ofpathogens and pests that often occurs when one

species is continuously cropped, and can also improve soil

structure andfertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants.

Crop rotation is one component ofpolyculture.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_(agriculture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_(soil)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crop_(agriculture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_manurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_(soil)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyculture

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5. A cover crop is a crop planted primarily to manage soil fertility, soil

quality, water, weeds,pests, diseases, biodiversity and wildlife in

an agroecosystem (Lu et al. 2000), an ecological system managed and

largely shaped by humans across a range of intensities to produce food,

feed, or fiber.

Cover crops are of interest in sustainable agriculture as many of them

improve the sustainability of agroecosystem attributes and may also

indirectly improve qualities of neighboring natural ecosystems. Farmers

choose to grow and manage specific cover crop types based on their own

needs and goals, influenced by the biological, environmental, social,

cultural, and economic factors of the food system within which farmers

operate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_(soil)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pest_(organism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_(soil)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pest_(organism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture

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