Project design & Planning The Logical Framework Approach An Over View Icelandic International...
Transcript of Project design & Planning The Logical Framework Approach An Over View Icelandic International...
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Project design & Planning
The Logical Framework Approach An Over View
Icelandic International Development Agency (ICEIDA)
Iceland
United Nations University Fisheries Training Programme (UNU-FTP)
Iceland
Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DFAR)
Sri Lanka
Project Cycle Management-----
A short training course in project cycle management for subdivisions of MFAR in Sri Lanka
MFAR, ICEIDA and UNU-FTP
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Content
An introduction to the logical framework approach
An overview of essential tools
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Learning objectives
After this lecture participants will be able to understand the purpose of the logical framework approach Recognize the use of different tools in developing a logframe matrixUnderstand the difference between a logical framework approach and a logical framework matrix
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Project cycle management
• Is a methodology for the preparation, implementation and evaluation of projects based on the principles of the logical framework approach
• It describes management activities and decision-making procedures used during the life cycle of a project – Key tasks – Roles and responsibilities – Key documents and decision options
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The logical framework approach
• The Logical Framework Approach (LFA) is an open set of tools – for project design and management
• It’s purpose is to provide a clear and rational framework for planning envisioned activities and determine how to measure a project’s success, while taking external factors into account
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Why a logical framework approach?
• It is a clear and concise visual presentation of all the key components of a plan and a basis for monitoring: - How the project will work- What it is going to achieve- What factors relate to its success- How progress will be measured
• Ensures the relevance, feasibility and sustainability of a project
• Ensures that fundamental questions are asked and weaknesses are analysed
• Identifies measurements/indicators of the project’s achievements
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LFA characteristics
• Finding the “roots” before setting the objectives • Objectives & beneficiary oriented• Participatory/Ownership!• Consensus oriented• Focuses on logical links• Systematic common sense!!!
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• A structured project design process– LFA suggests a logical sequence, interlinking the
individual steps in the design process• Transparency
– The reasons why a certain project is meant to be implemented are laid open (what are the problems and whose problems are they?) as well as the internal logic of the project design (what is the project expected to achieve and how?)
• Participation– of the stakeholders involved in the project design and
management, which is an essential prerequisite for the sustainability of a project
Benefits of LFA (1)
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Benefits of LFA (2)
• A consistent project strategy– The LFA provides tools to clearly link causes and effects.
To better assess risks it also takes into account external factors that are crucial for the success of the project, but lie outside the control of the project
• Objectively verifiable indicators– Indicators describe objectives in measurable “empirically
observable” terms and provide the basis for performance measurement and project monitoring and evaluation.
• Flexibility – in adapting to changing conditions (that are of relevance
to the project). The LFA establishes a framework that makes the underlying rationale and assumptions transparent and helps to react to changes by, e.g., revising the design
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The LFA cycle of operation
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Two main phases of project formulation Analysis phase Planning phase
PESTLE analysisIdentifying external factors
Developing logical framework matrixDefining project structure, testing its internal logic and risks. Formulating measurable indicators of successSWOT analysis
Identifying and categorizing; strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats Activity scheduling
Determining the sequence and dependency of duration and assigning responsibilityStakeholder analysis
Identifying and characterizing potential major stakeholders; assessing their capacity
Resource schedulingFrom the activity schedule, developing input schedules and a budget
Problem analysisIdentifying key problems, constraints and opportunities; determining cause and effect relationship
Objective analysisDeveloping solutions from the identified problem; identifying means-to-end relationship
Strategy analysisIdentifying different strategies to achieve solutions; selecting the most appropriate strategy
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The LFA process of analyzing and planning
The log frame matrixPESTLE analysis
Stakeholder analysis
SWOT analysis
Strength Weaknesses
Opportunities Threats Problem analysis
Objective analysis
Strategy analysis
Schedules
Reports
Project strategy
Objectively verifiable indicators
Sources of Verification
Assumptions
Overall Objectives
Purpose
Results
Activities Means Cost
PRE CONDITION
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Context of projects• Changes/projects are part of a larger context/
situation
• Which environment will the project be situated in?
• Which factors are of importance for achieving the objectives?
• Analysis of context made through a study and/or through making a PESTLE and SWOT analysis
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Stakeholder analysis• Stakeholders - those who are influenced by and
exert an influence on the project entity
• Mapping of stakeholders and their respective roles
• Who will be influenced, positively or negatively, by the project
• Which stakeholders should be involved in planning and/or implementing the project
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Problem analysis
• Identifying key problems, constraints opportunities;
• Determining cause/effect relationships
• Constructing the problem three
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Objectives’ analysis
• Developing solutions from the identified problem
• Identifying means to end effect relationship
• Building the objective tree
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Indicators• A baseline study might be needed to be able
to measure the final results.
• The process of setting up indicators shows if the objectives are vague
• Indicators should describe the:– Quantity, how much– Quality, what kind of change– Time, by when
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Risk analysis - assumptions
• Analysis of factors which may influence the implementation of the project and hence the achievement of objectives
• Internal and external risks
• Alternative strategies may be needed.
• Risk management
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Log Frame Matrix Objectivly veriable
indicators
Sources of Verification
Assumptions
Overall Objectives
Purpose
Results
Activities Means Cost
PRE CONDITION
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Common confusion• Logical Framework Approach is often confused with
the Logical Framework Matrix
• LFA is a project preparation methodology – whereas the log frame is a document with a special
structure, produced at the end of the LFA process
• One common misuse of LFA is to design the project first and to "fill in" the Logical Framework Matrix at the end– This is not recommended, as it defeats the whole purpose
of the logical framework and the design methodology
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Logical framework approach helps
• Because before starting the implementation, projects have:– Clearly identified stakeholders (primary target
group and final beneficiaries) – Clearly defined coordination, management and
financing arrangements– A monitoring and evaluation system– An appropriate level of financial and economic
analysis
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Objectivly veriable
indicators
Sources of Verification
Overall Objectives
Purpose
Results
Activities Means Cost
PRE CONDITION
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How the LFA method works depends very much on its’ users
LFA is no better and no worse than its’
users
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References
• European Commission (2004). Project Cycle Management Guidelines. Downloaded 1st March from: http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/qsm/documents/pcm_manual_2004_en.pdf
• Sweedish International Development Agency [SIDA] (2004). The Logical Framework Approach: A summary of the theory behind the LFA Method. Downloaded 14th of May from: http://www.sida.se/shared/jsp/download.jsp?f=SIDA1489en_web.pdf&a=2379