1

I BASIC DATA

A Report data

Report date

Date of report: October, 2016

Mission date From: 17 August, 2016 To:2 September, 2016

B Responsible Bank staff

Positions At approval At completion

Regional Director Mr Janvier LITSE Mr Abdellatif BERNOUSSI

Country Manager N/A Mrs. Marie-Laure AKIN-OLUGBADE

Sector Director Mr Gilbert MBESHERUBUSA Mr. Mohamed ELAZIZI

Sector

Manager/OIC

Mr Massa DOUMBIA Mrs. Monia MOUMNI

Task Manager Mr Sameh WASSEL Mr. Rex SITUMBEKO

Alternate Task

Manager

Mr Rex SITUMBEKO Mr. Bocar CISSE

PCR Team Leader Mr. Rex SITUMBEKO

PCR Team

Members

Mr Bocar CISSE Mr. Erick MARIGA Mr. Jonathan NYAMUKAPA Mr. Philip DOGHLE Mr. Samuel TURAY Ms. Jemima TETTEY-COFIE Mr. Daniel OSEI-BOAKYE

C Project data

Project name: Accra Sewerage Improvement Project (ASIP)

Project code: P-GH-E00-

004

Instrument number(s): 2100150011894

Project type: Sector: Water and Sanitation

Country: Ghana Environmental categorization (1-3): 1

PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT (PCR) FOR PUBLIC SECTOR OPERATIONS

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT

BANK GROUP

2

Processing milestones –

Bank approved

financing only

(add/delete rows

depending on the

number of financing

sources)

Key Events (Bank approved financing

only)

Disbursement and closing

dates (Bank approved

financing only)

Financing source: ADF

Loan

Financing source ADF Loan Financing source : ADF Loan

Date approved: 26 April

2006

Cancelled amounts: UA 2,133,000 Original disbursement

deadline: 31 December, 2011

Date signed: 19 May

2007

Supplementary financing:N/A Original closing date: 31

December 2011

Date of entry into force:

14 September 2007

Restructuring (specify date & amount

involved): N/A

Revised (if applicable)

disbursement deadline: 31

October 2016

Date effective for 1st

disbursement: 22

January 2008

Extensions (specify dates):from

31 December 2011 to 31 December

2013

31 December 2013 to 30 Novemeber

2015

30 November 2015 to 31 July 2016

Revised (if applicable) closing

date: 31 July 2016

Date of actual 1st

disbursement: 22 January

2008

Financing

source/instrument

(add/delete rows

depending on the

number of financing

sources):

Disbursed

amount

(amount, UA):

Percentage disbursed

(%):

Undisbursed

amount (UA):

Percentage

undisbursed

(%):

Financing source: ADF

Loan

46,000,000 93.6

2,933,000 6.4

Government 1,440,000 100 0 0

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TOTAL 47,440,000 93.8 2,933,000 6.2

Financing

source/instrument

(add/delete rows

depending on the

number of financing

sources):

Committed

amount (UA):

Percentage

committed (%):

Uncommitted

amount (UA):

Percentage

uncommitted

(%):

Financing source/

instrument1: ADF Loan

46,000,000 100 0 0

Government: 1,440,0000 100 0 0

TOTAL 47,440,000 100 0 0

Co-financiers and other external partners: N/A

Executing and implementing agency (ies): Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development and Accra Metropolitan Assembly

D Management review and comments

Report reviewed by Name Date reviewed

Comments

Country Manager Mrs. Marie-Laure AKIN-OLUGBADE

Sector Manager/OIC Mrs. Monia MOUMNI

Regional Director (as chair of Country Team)

Mr Abdellatif BERNOUSSI

Sector Director Mr. Mohamed ELAZIZI

II Project performance assessment

A Relevance

1. Relevance of project development objective

Rating*

Narrative assessment (max 250 words)

4 The project’s development objectives are (i) to increase access to sanitation by providing an improved and

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extended sewerage and sanitation system for disposing of waste water from the city of Accra, in an environmentally and socially acceptable manner, to meet the demand up to year 2020; and (ii) to strengthen the Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA) so that it can operate and maintain the system on a sustainable basis. These objectives are in line with the Country Strategy Paper (CSP) for Ghana and the Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy II (GPRS.II), which have a focused pillar of infrastructure and rural development. The ASIP project is also in line with the Bank’s Strategic Plan, which considers water supply and sanitation, as one of the key sectors with mainstreaming of the cross-cutting issues of gender, environment and private sector involvement to strengthen the foundation for sustainable development. Furthermore, the project is in line with with the Ghana Environmental Sanitation Policy, the Bank’s Water Supply and Sanitation Policy,the Bank’s Environment Policy and the Bank’s Policy for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The project is also in conformity with the Bank Group strategy for poverty alleviation. The project is linked to the Millennium Development Goals, the Sustainability Development Goals, the Bank Ten Year Strategy (2013-2022) and the Hi-5 on Improving the Quality of Life of Africans.

* For all ratings in the PCR use the following scale: 4 (Highly satisfactory), 3 (Satisfactory), 2

(Unsatisfactory), 1 (Highly unsatisfactory)

2. Relevance of project design

Rating*

Narrative assessment (max 250 words)

3 The Bank funded the design of the project through a grant to the Borrower to undertake the Accra Sewerage Improvement Study (ASIS) in 1996 which was reviewed in 2004. The Accra Sewerage Improvement Study report included the design reports, tender documents as well as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the project. At appraisal, previous lessons learnt from development projects under the water and sanitation sector were also considered in the design and implementation arrangement for the project. The choice of the waste stabilization ponds technology proposed in the study turned out to be suitable given Accra’s position in the coastal savannah zone making it one of the driest area in the country known for bright light and sunshine which are important factors rerelevant for succesful treatment of waste stabilization ponds and has minimized the use of mechanical and electrical ewquipment. However, the size of the network will not suffice the current demand. This concern should be taken care of by a further extension of the network during ASIP phase II.

3. Lessons learned related to relevance (Continue from here)

Key issues (max 5, add rows as needed)

Lessons learned Target audience

1.Insufficient capacity of the network

The network as planned in the ASIS study will not allow to meet the demand. There is a need for improving network coverage during phase II. Customer enumeration through establishment and management of a Global Information System (GIS) will be key to the sustainability of the current and improved sewerage network

MLGRD, AMA,Bank

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2.Tax and duties exemption processing by the Government

Adequate arrangements should be put in place upfront to ensure timely processing of exemption for tax and duties to forestall delays at project implementation.

MOFP, MLGRD and PT

3. Improved flow of funds from the Government

Adequate arrangements should be put in place to ensure timely release of funding to EA/PT. Administrative and internal financial guidelines including procurement procedures, budget monitoring, administrative and financial provisions, should be also be enhanced as part of streamlining funds flow.

MOFP and MLGRD

4. Participatory approach to project design

The project was designed through extensive consultations with stakeholders including relevant Government agencies, NGOs, the private sector, opinion leaders, assembly women/men, traditional chiefs, school representatives, Community Based Organizations (CBOs), donors and media representatives. Consultative seminars held on the selcection and design of appropriate sanition and sewerage systems for Accra were very applicable. Environmental management plan and socio-economnic consideration from the seminars were also incorporated in the project design. This approach was successful and should be used in the preparation of ASIP- phase II.

GoG, Bank

5. Appropriate technology selection for sewerage treatment in Accra

The waste stabilization ponds technology proposed in the study was selected for sewerage treatment plant constructed under the project is very appropriate since Accra with its high temperature and humidity throughout the year coupled with bright light and sunshine affords the important factors for successful treatment of sewage in stabilization ponds. Also, the selection of waste stabilization ponds meant minimal use of mechanical and electrical equipment thus easing operation and maintenance requirements. The same approach should be kept for ASIP phase II.

MLGRD,AMA,Bank

B Effectiveness

1. Progress towards the project’s development objective (project purpose)

Comments

Provide a brief description of the Project (components) and the context in which it was designed and

implemented. State the project development objective (usually the project purpose as set out in the

RLF) and assess progress. Unanticipated outcomes should also be accounted for, as well as specific

reference of gender equality in the project. The consistency of the assumptions that link the different

levels of the results chain in the RLFshould also be considered. Indicative max length: 400 words.

During project preparation only 15% of Accra was served by conventional sewerage network and sewerage plant. Outside the sewered areas, septic tanks, public toilets, pit latrines and pan latrines were used. In addition, 20 institutional sewerage systems were operated by different institutions. Most of these systems were in poor state of repair and non-operational. This led to an increased provision and

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use of individual sanitation facilities leading to the deterioration of environmental and health conditions in the city. To address this situation, the Government, through grant resource from the ADF, prepared a Feasibility Study (1996) and a Detailed Design Study (2004). The studies culminated in an improvement project for off-site and on-site sanitation facilities to meet demand up to 2020. Thereafter, the Government requested the ADF to finance the implementation of the proposed ASIP Project. The project objectives were: (i) to provide an improved and extend sewerage and sanitation system for disposing of waste water

from the city of Accra, in an environmentally and socially acceptable manner, to meet the demand

up to year 2020 by the construction of 2 treatment plants at Densu Delta (5,934 m3/day) and

Legon (6,424 m3/day), 8 pumping stations, 26.0 km force mains, 6.8 km gravity mains and 1.25

km marine outfall together with all associated environmental protection and improvement

works;Rehabilitation and extension of 63.1 km of sewers, 4,184 house connections, provision of

147 public toilets and 37 septage/night soil reception tanks, and supply of maintenance equipment

as well as implementation of environmental measures through physical works and software

activities including environmental protection and improvement works, monitoring and supervision

of ESMP, sensitization campaigns and monitoring of environmental standards.

(ii) To strengthen AMA to sustainably operate and maintain the system by provding institutional

strengthening to AMA to execute organizational, operating and tariff studies, staff training and

supply of logistics and IT; engineering services for the supervision of the construction and

installation of all engineering works, review of designs, carrying out of environmental sensitization

campaigns and monitoring of effluent quality.

During Implementation, some components of the project at appraisal were revised due to bid prices

exceeding available budget and also to align with the National Environmental Sanitation Policy which

was revised in 2010 in which pan latrine had been phased out and banned. This led to :

The revision of the Project’s list of goods and services to reduce the number of treatment plant

from two(2) to one(1) after the removal of he one at Densu Delta from the project.

The addition of the rehabilitation of the existing sewer network and treatment plant in the

Southern part of Accra.

The adjustment of physical implementation of the works to meet demand up to 2030.

the construction of 70 water closet instead of the planned pan latrines to be inline with the

2010 sanitation policy.

the construction of septage/night soil reception tanks.

As regards the Institutional strengthening of the AMA, it was coupled to the training requirements for

the supply of sewerage maintenance equipment as well as construction of the sewage treatment plant

and transfer pumping stations. The cessation of La, Ledzokuku Krowor and part of Legon from the

AMA to create new Municipal Assemblies affected the jurisdiction and authority of the AMA in these

areas where some of the project’s landed assets were located. Consequently, institutional

arrangement of the Sewage of Unit of the Executing Agency would be affected.

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Based on the baseline information and the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) mechanisms for the program outputs and outcomes, the progress towards meeting the project against the targets identified at appraisal good. This is discussed in detail under sections on outcome and output reporting.

Capacity building: implementation of capacity building activities within the project through implementation of technical assistance for the provision of designing, preparation and implementation of policies, guidelines and procedures including manuals related to sewerage technical operations, maintenance and treatment. Further more provision for training, worjshiops and management services enhanced capacity building for sewerage functions. Gender Equality: Quantitative and qualitative mechanisms to promote gender were integrated into

the project. There was monitoring and reporting on the gender equality. This is detailed in the later

sections below.

2. Outcome reporting

Outcome indicators (as per RLF; add more rows as needed)

Baseline value (Year)

Most recent value (A)

End target (B) (expected value at project

completion)

Progress

towards target

(% realized) (A/B)

Narrative assessment (indicative max length: 50 words per outcome)

Core Secto

r Indica

tor (Yes/No)

Outcome 1: Increase Access to sanitation facilities 1.1 -access to sewage and sanitation. 1.2 -Septage/nightsoil haulage distance

40% had access to sewerage sanitation Haulage distances were 10km from septage

52.5%

4km

65% 8.25km(2008);6.5km(2010); and 4km (2020)

80.76%

100%

Given the fact that only 1 of the STP was built. The project was not able to give access to as many as planned earlier. The haulage distance decreased accordingly

YES

Outcome 2: Streghten AMA capacities to operate and maintain the system

2.1 Adequate management of sewerage and sanitation infrastructure

N.A Continuous and efficient operation and maintenance of all existing sewerage and sanitation

100% AMA capacities were built .However, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed between AMA and the GWCL and SHC in which all sewerage infrastructure was handed over to the Executing Agency. The Accra Metropolitan Sewarage Unit

YES

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infrastructure by 2010.

(AMSU) was established to operate and maintain the facilities and network handed to the AMA.

Rating* (see IPR methodology)

Narrative assessment

3.0 All stated outcome in the project’s logical framework were fully achieved except for the increase in access to sanitation given the increased demand.

3. Output reporting

Output indicators (as specified in the RLF; add more rows as needed)

Baseline

value (Year)

Most recent value

(A)

End target (B)

(expected value at project

completion)

Progress

towards

target (%

realized)

(A/B)

Narrative assessment (indicative max length: 50 words per output)

Core Sector Indicat

or (Yes/N

o)

Output 1: Construction of : SewageTreatment Plant (STP)

0 Only 1 STP constructed

at Legon (6,424 M3/

day)

Construction of 2 STPs at Densu Delta (5,934) (m3/day) and Legon (6,424 m3/day).

50% During project implementation tender opening of the 3 bids submitted Lot.1(Densu Delta STP and Associated Works, Lot 2 (Legon University STP and Associated Works ) and Lot 3- (Rehabilitation of Sewerage Network and House Connections) were all in excess of the budget. This led to the cancellation of the Densu Delta Treatment Plant.

Yes

Output 2: Construction of Transfer Pumping Stations(TPS);

0 9 New Transfer Pumping Stations (TPS)

constructed

4 existing TPS

rehabilitated

8 New Transfer Pumping Station

112.5% The project was able toconstruct 9 TPS instead of 8 and rehabilitated 4 existing TPS after the early revision of the list of good and services which led to the cancellation of one of the STP

No

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Output 3: Supply and installation pumping/gravity mains.

0 29,9 km pumping/gra

vity main supplies and

installed

32.8 km pumping gravity mains

91.15% Pan laterine was abolished. Hence the 37 septage/night soil reception tanks were not constructed. Due to the acquisition of land challenges Accra 70 toilets were contructed. Remaining budget was used for the construction of the mechanized boreholes to sove the irregular supply of the water for the toilet.

No

Output 4 Construction of an Outfall Pumping Station (OPS) and a 1.25 km marine outfall at Densu Delta STP.

0 0 1 Outfall Pumping Station

N/A This was revised to suit the needs of the sewerage system.

Yes

Output 5: Rehabilitation and extension of sewerage network.

0 63.1 km 63.1 km of sewer networks

100% All done as planned No

Output 6: Rehabilitation and extension house connections.

0 7000 4,184 houses connected

169% Over achieved No

Output 7 Construction of public toilet blocks and septage/night soil reception holding tanks.

0 0

70 public community and institutional toilets blocks 90 Mechanized boreholes

Construction of 147 no. public toilet blocks and 37 no septage/night soil reception holding tanks.

NA* Pan latrines were abolished to conform with the.new.national sanitation policy.Therefore, the 37 eptage/night soil tanks were not constructed. Due to challenfges in the acquisition of landin Accra 70 toilets were constructed. Remaining budget was used for the construction of the mechanized boreholes to resolve the irregular supply of water for the toilets.

Yes*

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Output 8 Execution of engineering consultancy services

0 1 1 100% Engineering supervision consultancy services to implement all civil works were provided to the Executing Agency as well as technical assistance..consultancy services to procurement maintenance equipment as well as

Yes

Output10 Implementation of environmental measures.

0 1 1 100% Campaigns on environmental and sanitation management and hygiene practice were undertaken before, during and post construction phase of the sewerage network. Beneficiaries were sensitized on best practices in the use of sewer systems for prolonged life of the system and its sustainability.

Yes

Output 11 Construction of water closet toilets and mechanized boreholes in public schools

0

0

70

90

70 institutional toilets blocks 90 Mechanized boreholes

Water closet toilet facilities were provided in communities that relied on less hygienic systems such as pit latrines as well as pan latrines. In public schools without sanitation facilities, water closet toilets with mechanized boreholes were provided. Consideration for the Disabled and Physically challenged in the design of the toilet facilities was beneficial in especially hospitals as such persons who visited the hospital were easily served by the facilities.

No was added after the new sanitation policy

Output12: Various.Maintenance equipment:

Supply of heavy duy Trucks MAN TGS 33.360.Meiller Tipper H3K

0 All these are at ASIP

warehouse

The project has taken delivery of various sewerage maintenance equipment which would strengthen

100% All done as planned

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Supply of Rigid backhole loader and additional tools for horizontal drilling

Supply of Pipe Welding Machine,80 KVA Generator Set and set of body harness accessories

the institutional capacity of the Sewerage Unit of the Executing Agency to better maintain the rehabilitated and expanded sewer network. Installation of a SCADA Control Station at the ASIP offices is an additional institutional strengthening of the Unit to monitor and maintain operation of the treatment plant and pump station

Output12: Annual Audit of the Project

0 8 1 per year 80% 2 Audits are still remaining for 2015 and part of 2016.

Rating* (see IPR methodology)

Narrative assessment

4 The Rating is highly Satisfactory. There are three outputs in the appraisal report that were affected by the revision of the list and good and services (LGS) at the beginning of the project namely: (i) the STP at Densu Delta and an Outfall Pumping Station (OPS) and a 1.25 km marine outfall at Densu Delta STP were removed and ) and replaced with rehabilitation of

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the existing sewerage network, pump station (6 pumping stations) and treatment plant (Mudor TP) for of Central Accra and rehabilitation of the marine outfall of the treatment plant. However, the rehabilitation of the existing Mudor and the Central Accra Pumping station were being undertaken under a different arrangement of the AMA (ii) 37 no septage/night soil reception holding tanks were replaced with the construction of 90no. mechanized boreholes since pan latrines were phased out in the revised National Environmental Policy and banned by the AMA (iii) delivery 20 no. cesspit emptiers. was revised and expanded to procure 7 cesspit emptiers, 1no. maintenance service truck, 3no. backhoe loaders, 1no. truck trailer, 3no. tipping trucks, 1no. horizontal directional drilling machine, 1no. tractor. Also, two(2) broken down institutional treatment plants were converted into pumping stations to collect sewage from the respective institions and pump to the Legon STP. These institutions are the Achimota Schools Complex and the University of Ghana Legon.

4. Development Objective (DO) rating

DO rating (derived from updated IPR)*

Narrative assessment (indicative max length: 250 words

3 As stated above, the project’s main development objectives were to (i) increase

access to sanitation by

a) the construction of 2 treatment plants at Densu Delta and Legon,

b) The construction of 8 pumping stations,

c) Laying out 26.0 km force mains, 6.8 km gravity mains and 1.25 km marine

outfall together with all associated environmental protection and improvement

works;

d) Rehabilitating and extending 63.1 km of sewers,

e) Connecting 4,184 households

f) building 147 public toilets and 37 septage/night soil reception tanks, and

g) Supplying maintenance equipments; and

h) Implementating environmental measures through physical works and software

activities including environmental protection and improvement works

(ii) Provide institutional strengthening to AMA to sustainably operate and maintain the

system by:

i) Conducting an organizational, operating and tariff studies, staff training; and

j) supplying logistics and IT equipments;and

k) recruiting engineering services for the supervision of the construction and

installation of all engineering works, environmental sensitization campaigns and

monitoring of effluent quality.

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In a large part, These objectives were met :

First, access to sanitation in the city of Accra increased from 40 to 52.5%. This is below

the initial target of 65% at appraisal and can be explained by the fact that the project

erected only one STP instead of two (2) and built 70 water closet toilets instead of the

147 pan latrines planned at appraisal because of the change in sanitation policy. It is

worth noting that the project was able to connect 7000 households largely above the

initial 4000. However, the extension of the network has increased the initial demand for

network connection. This should be met in the planned ASIP phase 2. Also,the Project

provided all the initial support to AMA. However changes in the institutional set up by

the GoG means that more support might be needed in the future.Therefore, the rating

is Satisfactory.

5. Beneficiaries (add rows as needed)

Actual (A) Planned (B) Progress towards target

(% realized)

(A/B)

% of women

Category (e.g. farmers, students)

200,000 1,000,000

220,810 additional people in high & medium income areas. 1,247,209 people in low income areas

88.77% 51

All the population including students from educational institutions connected

168 AMA staff 168 AMA staff 100% 30 technical staff of AMA ASIP ASA

6. Unanticipated or additional outcomes (add rows as needed)

Description Type (e.g. gender, climate change, social, other)

Positive or

negative

Impact on project (High, Medium, Low)

1. Following the efficient treatment of wastewater by the Legon STP, the maturation ponds of the plant serve has temporary habitation for migratory birds. Several species of birds have inhabitated the ponds in seasons. Ecological observations of the migratory birds have been undertaken by academia of the University of Ghana in such seasons.

Educational Positive Low

2. The Legon STP produces sludge which are considerably decomposed due to the high retention

Agricultural Positive Low

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period of the ponds. The sludge when removed and stabilize (through drying) can be used as fertilizer.

3. The final ponds of the Legon STP stabilization ponds have been found to be viable for fish farming after the introduction of fingerlings Of African freshwater cichlid fishes (Tilapia). The fingerlings have matured and have been tested to be safe for consumption

Agricultural Positive Low

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7. Lessons learned related to effectiveness (add rows as needed)

Key issues (max 5, add rows as needed) Lessons learned Target audience

1. Start-up delays Previously, project approval processes by Government have been lengthy. For this project, GOG internal approval process for loan signature and entry into force was not initiated before negotiations.This did not enable the GOG internal grant/loan signature and entry into force to take place soon after Board approval. It took 18 months from approval to effectiveness. This should be improved for future projects.

MOFEP

2. Loan Conditions

Fulfilment of loan conditionalities were unnecessarily long notably assamblinng the Project Team

MOFP, AfDB

3. Improved flow of funds from the Ministry of Fianance and Economic Planning

Adequate arrangements should be put in place to ensure timely release of financing for the project. Administrative and internal financial guidelines including procurement procedures, budget monitoring, administrative and financial provisions, should also be enhanced as part of streamlining funds flow.

MOFEP, MLGRD, PT and AfDB

4.Integrated approach to design for Sewerage and sanitation programmes and Projects

In future, design of for Sewerage and sanitation programmes and Projects should consider all critical aspects including relevant ESIS, climate change, drainage, faecal management, formalization of operational aspects to ensure achievement of a complete sanitation management cycle and in turn wholesome realization of anticipated project gains.

MLGRD and AfDB

5 . Project sustainability directly linked to inclusion of a sense of ownership by stakeholder involvement

It was observed that the MLGRD and AMA managed the sewerage functions did not exibite a strong sense of ownership of the systems as the project cut across many assemblies caused by decentralization. A key lesson drawn from this is that effective involvement of different stakeholders including the Government through participatory approaches should be enlarged ensuring a sense of ownersip for long term project sustainability.

MLGRD, Locally Assemblies and LGAs

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6. Relevance due to revision of List of Goods and Services under the Project

Revising the List of Goods and Services under the Project was timeously undertaken which enabled the objectives of the project to remain relevant. For example, night soil reception tanks if constructed as per the PAR outputs would have been irrelevant since pan latrines were phased out at time of project implementation.Take into account during appraisal changes planned in national policies.

AfDB, GoG

C Efficiency

1. Timeliness

Planned project duration – years (A) (as per PAR)

Actual implementation time – years (B) (from

effectiveness for 1st disb.)

Ratio of planned and actual implementation time (A/B)

Rating*

5 05 2007-12 2011

8.5 01 2008 - 07 2016

58.8% 1

Narrative assessment (indicative max length: 250 words)

The initial closing date of the project was December 31st 2011. The project accumulated a delay of 3.5 years. Start up delays and challenges encountered in procurement of works contracts at the early stages of the project implementation affected timely achievement of project outputs. Also,the rehabilitation of the sewer network was undertaken in already built up areas not established during the completion of the study. In these areas, the Contractor encountered challenges with right-of-way since some reservations for utility services in residential and commercial areas had been encroached on. This delayed the execution of the project as time was spent to notify and evacuate the affected residents and businesses. Unexpected compensation had to be given out but this was on a small scale and did not escalate the cost the construction.

2. Resource use efficiency

Median % physical implementation of RLF outputs financed by all

financiers (A) (see II.B.3)

Commitment rate (%) (B) (See table 1.C – Total commitment rate of all

financiers)

Ratio of the median percentage physical implementation and

commitment rate (A/B)

Rating*

90 93.8% 0,9594 4

Narrative assessment (indicative max length: 250 words)

Despite the delays in the project and the canscellation of some of the planned outputs namely the Densu Delta Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) and the 147 pan latrines t.he civil works are 90% completed if we take into account unplanned outputs delivred by the project including an extra TPS , 70 water closet toilets, and 90 mechanized boreholes in public schools. All activities were deemed satisfactorily completed during the PCR mission including the various maintenance equipment provided to the AMA. However two external audits (FY 2015 and 2016) are still outstanding. No additional funding was approved but the project had to review the list of good and sevices early into the project leading to the removalof some outputs.

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3. Cost benefit analysis

Economic Rate of Return (at appraisal)

Updated Economic Rate of Return (at completion)

Rating*

13.2 % 11.3 % 3

Narrative assessment

The economic assessment of the sewerage project, is based on incremental methodological approach. However, the economic evaluation is undertaken from a perspective which measures net benefits to the Ghanaian economy as a whole. Where distortions exist, to convert financial prices to the real resource values of project inputs and outputs, appropriate adjustments are made in financial flows to reflect economic values. Project Benefits are quantitative benefits in the form of economic revenues from sewerage volumes and service connection fees have been used in the calculation of ERR. Other non-quantifiable benefits such as health sector savings, income gained due to avoided time lost for illness and income from off work days avoided have been taken into account. Ministry of Health in conjunction with National Development Planning Commission have estimated the following for a Water and or Sewerage Project of this nature:

Health sector savings : 8 to 10 % of accrued benefits

Income gained due to avoided time lost for illness : 7 to 9 % of accrued benefits.

Income from off work days avoided: 5 to 7 % of accrued benefits

Conservatively, the minimum estimates of the ranges have been used in the analysis. Economic price of Sewerage Services: Data obtained from the Accra city reveal that high premiums are paid by those who do not have direct access to sewerage system accounting for about 50% above the financial price. An economic price, which measures the consumer's willingness to pay. With regard to the economic value of key inputs, the following have been assumed:

Foreign exchange: There is no existence of a foreign exchange premium; in other words there are prevailing market rates.

Skilled labor: Market rates reflect real economic scarcity, hence there is no adjustment in the cost of skilled labor (shadow price of 1).

Unskilled labor: Due to the existence of massive unemployment, unskilled labor is shadow-priced using a conversion factor of 0.5

All taxes and import duties are removed from project and operational costs. In other words, imported items are valued at their border price (C.I.F. value).

The costs and benefits analysis at completion of the project, estimated over the 25 year economic life yielded an Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) of 11.3 % compared to opportunity cost of capital (EOCK) in Ghana of 10 %. The reason for lower rate is because of long implementation period, resulting in delayed accrued benefits However the rate is still above EOCK of 10 %. This indicates that the project is still economically acceptable at completion.

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4. Implementation Progress (IP)

IP Rating (derived

from updated IPR) *

Narrative comments (commenting specifically on those IP items that were rated Unsatisfactory or Highly Unsatisfactory, as per last IPR). (indicative max length: 500 words)

3

Although the IP rated the project satisfactory some of the issues which lowered the rating were the initial delay that the project encountered and which escalated by 3.5 years. The detail design of the project in 2004 did not take into account built up areas also, the project encountered challenges in the procurement of works. It must however be noted that none of the project objectives were jeopardised. All of them were achieved.

5. Lessons learned related to efficiency

Key issues (max 5, add rows as needed)

Lessons learned Target audience

1.Institutional arrangement The institutional arrangement of the project in some instances also affected procurement processing since there were inadequate co-ordination between the sector Ministry and its executing agency in review and approval of procurement processes leading to substantial delays.

2. Start-up delays The project experienced delays in assembling the project team.In the future the team should be put in place before the appraisal mission it will allow members of the project team to participate in the appraisal mission for better ownership of the project.

Bank,GoG, MLGRD,AMA

3. Procurement delays

The poject experienced delays in the procurement process.This is in part due to the fact that the project did not have a procurement expert during its life span. Make sure for every project a qualified procurement expert is hired and operational early in the process until the end of the procurement process.

AfDB,GoG,MLGRD,AMA,PMT

4. Construction delays due to issues related to right of way.

Contractor encountered challenges with right-of-way since some reservations for utility services in residential and commercial areas had been encroached on. This delayed the execution of the project as time was spent to notify and evacuate the affected residents and businesses. The review of the study in 2004 should have taken into account new development in the city

MOFP, MLGRD, PT and AfDB

19

5.Reviesion of the list of goods and services

The fact this project was a first of its type could explain that despite the review of the study the bids for the works were all in excess of the budget leading to the removal of one STP after revision of the list of goods and services. Tenders of similar works should now be available for ASIP 2. Close attention should be paid to the costing of the ASIP 2 with adequate price and physical contingencies.

MLGRD and AfDB

6.Contract Performance The mixed or average delivery of local contractors on the national competitive bidding contracts for considerable number of the works contract affected the contract performance of some of the civil works.

GoG MLGRD

7.Procurement Issuues The issue of procurement records were not properly managed from project inception leading to gaps in the procurement records of initial project procurement activities. Incorporation of country procurement system procedures in large value procurements in addition delays to Bank no-objection processes affected the expeditious processing of some of the key procurements of the project.

GoG MLGRD AfDB

D Sustainability

1. Financial sustainability

Rating* Narrative assessment (indicative max length: 250 words)

2 High operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, especially for diesel engine generators and high electricity bills are affecting the sustainability of sewerage operations and adequate revenues will have to be generated to absorb the costs to guarantee long term financial suatainability. Financial sustainability has been enhanced with the creation of customer database in the project areas. Also, the sewage house connections implemented under this project has maintained sewage flow required to run the system and improved the financial performance of the sewerage system. In particular the financial sustainability of the sewerage system will be ensured through the revenues by application of the 35% surcharge on water bills. The Government is reviewing the current surcharge with a view to revising it to 40 % in order to enhance the financial performance. The Government should make concerted effort through the following:

a) Continuation of providing funding throughout the operation of the sewerage system until cost recovery has been achieved.

b) Continuation of expanding the sewerage systems in order to connect to as many consumers as possible after the project.

c) Adoption and implementation of a long-term sustainable financial plan covering tariff adjustment plan, improved billing and collection through private sector participation.

The Government is proposing a Network Coverage Improvement study in the context of ASIP II which will identify customer enumeration using Geographic Information System (GIS) for long term sustainable financial operations of ASIP I and proposed ASIP II. The ASIP I ended with the sewerage system network established, however not much properties have been connected to

20

realize the full potential of the project. This is attributable to the fact that collection of data was not in the scope of works/services for ASIP I. ASIP II would have to include accurate data collection on properties within the first implementation areas as well as those for the second one. The essence of the GIS will be four fold as follows:

a) Expand the Customer base b) Facilitate the development of of billing system tied to identifiable properties to be

connected to the sewerage system c) Zoning and assigning service fee collection areas and monitor collector performance d) For each property determination of fee payable as well as facilitating identification of

property owners and tenants, their contact cel phone and e mail address for bill submission and enhance processes for system support and maintenance

2. Institutional sustainability and strengthening of capacities

Rating* Narrative assessment (indicative max length: 250 words)

3 The formation of a Project Team (PT) under the Accra Mtropoitan Assemby (AMA, the Executing Agency, contributed immensely in resolving the challenges to project implementation.The recruitment of Techanicl Assistance and a Management Consultant assisted putting in place policies, systems, operating procedures and training of all staff for the functioning of the Sewerage system and minimised procurement, disbursement and contract and project management challenges, thus strengthening of the capacity to operate and maintain the system. Institutional sustainability of the project has been underpinned through a combination of the following factors:

a) Ownership by the Borrower and Sanitation sub-sector through broad stakeholder consultation during project design.

b) Commitment of the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) in granting autonomy for the operation and maintenance of sewerage systems.

c) Adequate institutional capacity building for management and operation of the sewerage system vis-à-vis institutional continual training and provision of renewing operational equipment and software development.

The Government has implemented reforms during the course of project implementation. Legislative instruments were introduced which resulted in the carrying out of two new assemblies (La Dade-Kotopon and LedzokukuKrowor) from Acrra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA). The sewerage systems (treatment plant, pumping stations and sewer networks which were handled by Ghana Water Company to MLGRD and what has been constructed and rehabilitated now covers four assemblies namely AMA, La-Nkwantanang-Madina, La dade-Kotopon and Ledzokuku Krower. To this effect, the Government engaged a management consultant who reviewed institutional arrangements and came out with a recommendation to create a structure to manage and operate the sewerage systems autonomously to be called Ghana Sewerage Autority under MLGRD in line with decentralization policy of Government. The existence of the technical staff of the Project Team has operated the new system satisfactorily and has the capacity to run the same under the Authority. The Government is reviewing the recommendations with a view to adopting the same.

na

21

3. Ownership and sustainability of partnerships

Rating*

Narrative assessment (indicative max length: 250 words)

4 Ownership and sustainability of partnerships vis a vis institutional arrangements were considered adequate. During implementation of the project a number of stakeholders were indirectly involved in the

project, a Project Steering Committee (PSC) was established which comprised senior officials

from MLGRD, MOFEP, MOWH, EPA, Water Directorate, Water Resources Commission,

GWCL and AMA. In addition, representatives from the University of Ghana, State Housing

Company (SHC) and Lands Commission were co-opted. The Committee was chaired by the

Deputy Minister (Projects) of the MLGRD. The role of the Committee was advisory and provided

policy and general managerial guidance during project execution. The Committee sat every

quarter during the start-up period and thereafter at least twice in a year to review implementation

plans, budgetary provisions, project progress and any implementation difficulties in order to offer

advice and suggestions to enhance smooth implementation of the project. Ownership and

sustainability of partnerships Ownership were considered satisfactorily.

To many ordinary inhabitants, the project is a real game changer in their individual economic endeavours. The project has therefore engendered a strong sense of ownership amongst all beneficiaries to ensure the continuous maintenance and management of project outputs.

22

Environmental and social sustainability

Rating*

Narrative assessment (indicative max length: 250 words)

4 By its nature, location in an environmentally sensitive zone, the project was classified in environmental

category 1. From the environmental and social perspectives, the project improved both human health

and natural environment through the provision of a technically acceptable sanitary facility for disposing

of waste water from the city of Accra in an environmentally sound and safe manner. The project has

impacted positively on the sanitation and health conditions of the population. In addition, it has improved

access to more hygienic public sanitation facilities, contribute to the restoration of surface water

resources and awareness raising and capacity building in the fields of sanitation-related diseases,

HIV/AIDS and hygiene. In compliance with the Bank’s environmental policy requirements and the

Environmental Protection Act of Ghana (EPA), an environmental and social impact assessment (EISA)

was carefully supervised during implementation of the project

The treatment plants comprising three types of ponds (anaerobic, facultative and maturation) have been

designed, configured and built to withstand any possible damage due to flooding, seepage and possible

collapse of the embankments. The ponds have been designed and built in series consisting of discrete

but interconnected cells. In the event of failure, the effluent would always be contained. The ponds were

lined with an impermeable membrane protected with a thick layer of rip rap to prevent seepage to ground

water. In addition, sub-soil drainage systems was provided under the ponds to release the water

pressure on the lined floors and prevent uplift during emptying cycles. The drained water is pumped to

nearby water courses. Appropriate flood protection measures have been provided to mitigate flooding

during the rainy season and by raising the level of the embankments above the expected high flood

water level, and extending the geo-textile membrane along the inner slopes. Anti erosion of the outer

slopes of the pond embankments has been provided by planting grass. The inner slopes have been

protected against erosion with an overlay of rip rap on the membrane. A 150-m buffer zone has been

maintained around the treatment plant and the natural flora and fauna allowed to merge with it. The

perimeter been planted with trees and shrubs for aesthetic reasons. The effluent from maturation ponds

is used for irrigating horticulture and the botanical gardens, especially in Legon University. The bird life

and fish planted has found good feeding grounds in the facultative and maturation ponds.

Flood protection measures have been provided at the Transfer Pumping Station (TPS) sites. The

structures have been raised above the expected flood water elevation for protection against likely

damage. The TPSs, which are predominantly in built-up areas, have been provided with security

measures and stand-by diesel generators are provided with silencers to minimize noise, when working

in emergency conditions. The site is surrounded by grassing and planting of shrubs to be more publicly

acceptable. Screenings from TPSs are disposed of at existing landfill facilities.

The ASIP project intervention has ensured provision of 147 public toilets. These toilets are 20-seater,

and have separate facilities for men and women. Additionally, in some low class neighborhoods, (a)

chamber pots are used during late hours, mostly by women and children. The pots are emptied in the

morning by children at public sanitation facilities or nearby open spaces; (b) women prepare and sell

food under unhygienic conditions to school children thereby exposing the children to serious health

23

hazards; (c) school sanitation facilities are used as public facilities, mostly by adults. It is also observed

that parents are more likely to seek health care for boys than for girls. To ensure that these gender

issues are considered, the consultative process adopted during the preparation and design of the ASIP

project which involved the active participation of women and men through focus group discussions,

continued during implementation and after completion of the project.

The sub-component on sensitization was implemented successfully, particularly targeting particular

women on the significance of proper hygiene, cleanliness, water conservation, environmental

protection, sanitation related diseases and HIV/AIDS. Services of specialized NGOs were hired for

these campaigns. In this regard, men have been brought on board to make them understand their roles

and responsibilities. The campaigns have helped to change the attitude and culture of both men and

women on their role and responsibility in maintaining a proper hygiene at home and in the surrounding.

24

4. Lessons learned related to sustainability

Key issues (max 5, add rows as needed) Lessons learned Target audienc

e

1. Provision for Counterpart Funding from the Government

Delays in adequate counterpart funding on the part of Government resulting in delays in project implementation. The GoG should in future put in place proper measures to address this issue such as opening an Escrow Acount for each project with adequate counterpart conttributions.

MOFEP, MLGRD

2. Improving Network Coverage through Customer Connections

Consumers as much as possible should be connected to the sewerage system in order to improve the consumer data base

MLGRD

3. Cost Recovery Financial sustainability of the sewerage system is a challenge for the sector. The Sewerage Unit is reportedly unable to generate sufficient revenue to cover operational costs. Further, rationalized tariff regimes have not been put in place by the Government. The Government must ensure increased funding to the sector for capacity building endeavours targeted at sector institutions and actors covering various aspects of technical and finance sewerage systems operations, so as to ensure sustainable operations. A tariff study was conducted during project implementation but there has been reluctancy on the part of the Government to implement the Consultant’s recommendations. MLGRD should decide on the result of the study

MLGRD

4. Adequate Maintenance Three main elements influence the sustainability of network namely: i) quality of works delivered; ii) the manner of usage; and iii) the level/quality of maintenance. To ensure quality standards during construction, works supervision and monitoring was undertaken by reputable consulting engineering firm with experience in similar projects. The maintenance of the Sewerage system should be the responsibility of the newly set up Accra Sewerage Assembly MLGRD should budget for this.

GoG, MLGRD

25

III Performance of stakeholders

1. Bank performance

Rating*

Narrative assessment by the Borrower on the Bank’s performance, as well as any other aspects of the project (both quantitative and qualitative). See guidance note on issues to cover. (indicative max length: 250 words)

3 The Borrower stated that overall performance of the Bank was commendable. In particular, the Borrower expressed satisfaction with Bank’s performance in terms of timely responding to borrower’s needs and promoting project sustainability through provision of sustainable training to EAs and stakeholders in general. The Borrower was also impressed by the timely disbursement of the program funds by the Bank.

Comments to be inserted by the Bank on its own performance (both quantitative and qualitative). See guidance note on issues to cover. (indicative max length: 250 words)

The Bank performed satisfactorily in overall project implementation. In specific terms, there were no significant deficiencies in the following areas of operation; i) The Bank performed satisfactorily by preventing and resolving project’s issues; ii) The Bank was quick in their responses and approvals to correspondences. This could be attributed to the presence of Bank staff at the Ghana Field Office to attend to issues. iii) The Bank performed creditably by organizing procurement, fiduciary and disbursement workshops and seminars for borrower staff and also as per individual coaching whenever issues arose. However during appraisal, the Bank used an outdated feasibility study which resulted in unrealistic cost estimates leading to the cancellation of Densu delta STP and the retendering of the rehabilitation of the Sewerage Network resulting in long implementation period. Overall the performance of the Bank is judged to be unsatisfactory.

Key issues (related to Bank performance, max 5, add rows as needed)

Lessons learned

1. Identifying implementation challenges and solutions

A number of challenges might have been identified during implementation including the inadequate collection and monitoring of performance information. Further, the supervision and appraisal Bank’s missions should have included the right skills mix in order to ensure the development effectiveness of the project and to optimize the efficiency.

2. Procurement and Disbursement Issues – Bank providing guidance to the executing agencies

Issues relating to procurement and disbursement arise primarily due to a deficit in knowledge on part of the implementation agencies on the Bank’s procurement rules. Although in the past some training has been conducted for PT.

3. One-Bank Approach Bank staff from various departments based in the Ghana Country Office worked in tandem to supervise to deliver a successful project highlighting the implementation of the one-bank concept.

26

4. Project supervision by the Bank Supervision was continuous, hands on and more than the prescribed “twice in a year” due to expert staff being at the field office. This allowed continual assessment of progress, interaction with stackeholders and timely and realistic technical solutions in resolving issues that could possibly lead to delays or hinder the success of the project. Most of the donor partners in the transport sector face similar issues that confronted this project. The transport sector working group allowed the Bank to share its experiences on this project and also learned from best practices on other donor funded transport projects.

5. Submission of Progress Report Progress reports submitted to the Agency for onward transmission to the Bank, from Consultant on previous Projects, were delayed. This necessitated the Bank requiring the Consultants to directly send copies of the report directly to the Bank. Reports have been prompt.

2 . Borrower performance

Rating* Narrative assessment on the Borrower performance to be inserted by the Bank (both quantitative and qualitative, depending on available information). See guidance note. (indicative max length: 250 words)

2 There were delays in fulfillment of loan conditions prior to effectiveness and first disbursement by the borrower resulting in delays in the start-up of the project implementation. The Borrower performed poorly in project execution and financing. There were delays in flow of funds resulting in delayed commencement of some of the project activities. The Borrower did not also seek to establish concrete measures to ensure the implementation of robust procedures to ensure data collection as part of the M&E framework for the benefit of the project. The officials involved in data collection by the PT did not have adequate logistics to facilitate implementation of the roles.

Key issues (related to Borrower performance, max 5, add rows as needed)

Lessons learned

1 Fulfillment of loan conditions prior to effectiveness and first disbursement

There is need to to lessen and streamline loan conditions prior to effectiveness and first disbursement in order to avoid delays in project implementation start-up.

2 Effectiveness of the PT The setting up of the PT which was approved by MLGRD enabled to some extent the smooth implementation of the project and the processing of project documents. Recruitment of a qualified and exprienced Project Manager is vital in decision making and fast tracking of the implementation of the project.

27

3 Delays in project implementation The project manager lacked requiste experience to handle a project of this magnitude resulting in delays on making decisions in a timely manner. However in the course of implementating the project, there was a change in project management which resulted in accerating in project works. Recruitment of a qualified and experienced project manger is vital. Some of the project delays may have been avoided. The Borrower might have put in place measures to ensure an adequate mechanism for timely budgeting and disbursement of funds. Further, a lesson on effectiveness of M&E mechanisms is that stakeholders involved in data collection need to be capacitated not only technically and also with necessary logistics to ensure they undertake their role adequately.

4 Involvement of stakeholders and beneficiaries There were thorough and extensive consultations held with project stakeholders and beneficiaries to clearly capture their needs particularly in the design and execution of latrines infrastdurcture and these created a sense of ownership for all and at the slightest opportunity beneficiaries expressed their gratitude for the project addressing their needs.

3. Performance of other stakeholders

Rating*

Narrative assessment on the performance of other stakeholders, including co-financiers, contractors and service providers. See guidance note on issues to cover. (indicative max length: 250 words)

4 The Assemblies were instrumental in the acquisition and access to borrow sites and clearing

of illegal and legal structures in the project areas and this enhanced the progress of works.

The local authorities also assisted in the acquisition of sites for sewage treatment plants,

schools, markets, clinics, etc.

The engineering consultant also discharged his assignment satisfactorily except that all

decisions on design changes and claims were passed on to EA without their independent

assessment(opinion). During the supervision, beyond the stated shortcoming, the Consultant

displayed appreciable knowledge of the project objectives and strategies to achieve them. The

engineering consultant ensured approvals were sought on any major changes in design, time

and management of the project. Supervision of contractors were effectively done and issues

arising out of the project were promptly brought to the attention of all stakeholders. Progress

reporting was on schedule. Reports were submitted to the Bank in good time.

The Contractors, to a large measure, also co-operated with the Consultant and other

stakeholders of the project to ensure speedy progress of work. The contractors’ executed their

duties satisfactorily.

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Key issues (related to performance of other stakeholders, max 5, add rows as needed)

Lessons learned (max 5) Target audience (for lessons learned)

1. Implementation of Management and Technical Assistance Recommendations

The recommedations of the the management and technical assistance consultants should be all be put in place before the closure of the project.

AfDB, GoG and MLGRD

2. . Quality of Supervising Consultant’s Personnel

Notwithstanding submission of documents attesting to competencies of personnel on projects, some personnel were found deficient in the requisite skills and knowledge needed to execute the project. The need to have a team leader who is decisive (with adequate backstopping) should be ensure. Indecision and frequent passing-the-back during implementation process results in delays to project implementation.

MLGRD, PT and Consultant

4. Work quality Effective supervision is key to successful project implementation and is a pre-requisite for quality works. When specifications and standards are met the project is able to achieve its objectives.

MLGRD, Consultant, Contractor

5. Planning and Appraisal Proper planning and following through agreed plans and actions at appraisal saves cost and time.

GoG, MLGRD and PT

29

IV Summary of key lessons learned and recommendations

1. Key lessons learned

Key issues (max 5, add rows as needed)

Key lessons learned Target audience

Presence of National Development Strategy document

The Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy II guided the design of

the project during the review of the study in 2004 towards the

Government’s development agenda on Sanitation as well as

the Bank’s Strategic Plan which considers water and sanitation

as one of the key sectors. Again, the components of the project

were tailored towards the National Environmental Sanitation

Policy which was adopted in 1999 by the Government of

Ghana.

GoG

Design review and

commencement of

implementation

Project design review should be undertaken prior to

effectiveness in order to preserve the financial and design

integrity of the project. This project had its designs reviewed

during the project implementation and hence contributed to

delays in the project completion. There was scope increase

during implementation particularly to capture areas with dire

sewerage challenges within the project sites.

Time lag between project design and implementation should be

as short as possible since some components of the project may

become irrelevant if implementation is undertaken long after

project design.

GoG and AfDB

Start-up delays due

to loan conditions

Covenants to be fulfilled before first disbursement contributed

to delays in actual commencement of the project

implementation. However, these covenants (signing of MOUs,

obtaining lease for lands etc.) could be set to be fulfilled at

appraisal or before loan signing. This would have ensured that

the project implementation kicked with first disbursement taking

place earlier than as experienced with this project.

GoG and AfDB

Master plan for

drainage and

sewage

The absence of a conclusive master plan for drainage and

sewage in Accra has inhibited achievement of the project to

impact the provision of improved sanitation option to majority of

inhabitants in the city. This is due to the fact that on-site

treatment systems are still predominant and popular and these

GoG

30

inhabitants are unable to be captured or connect to the sewage

network constructed by the project.

Incoherent

infrastructure

development

The construction of asphaltic concrete roads in the city also

posed a challenge to the coverage of the sewer network. As no

sleeves were provided during construction of the roads, road

crossings during the network construction incurred extra cost. It

was also imperative to route the network so as to avoid such

road crossings which affected the coverage of the network.

Moreover, layout for utility services (water, electricity and

telecom lines) were unplanned and had adverse impact on the

right of ways for the sewage service lines.

GoG

Relevance due to

Revision of List of

Goods and

Services (RLGS)

under the project:

Revising the List of Goods and Services under the Project was

timeously undertaken which enabled the objectives of the

project to remain relevant to the sanitation sector. For example,

night soil reception tanks if constructed as per the PAR outputs

would have been irrelevant since pan latrines were phased out

at time of project implementation. Also if the RLGS was not

done, measurement of project outcome has been challenging

as baseline data for the initial components would not be same

as that for the revised.

MLGRD and PT

Land Iissues and

Right of Way

In the implementation of the major civil works of the project,

clearance of structures on the right of way of was one of the

challenges encountered. However, this was carefully managed

with effective information dissemination and agreement

amounting to no litigation. Land acquisition for construction of

community public toilets and sewage facilities was challenging

as members of the community sometimes resisted since there

was not clear ownership of such lands. These challenges could

be avoided in the future if GoG enforces its building regulations

and promptly establish ownership of lands designated for

development projects.

GoG

Provision of

mechanized

boreholes to all

toilet facilities

constructed under

the project

The decision to provide mechanized boreholes to all toilet

facilities constructed under the project ensured the availability

of water to properly operate the facilities and promote

handwashing. Experiences such as mismanagement of

sanitary facilities due to inconsistent flow of water from the

national utility provider which results in closure of such facilities

are expected to be curtailed.

GoG

Appropriate technology

The waste stabilization ponds technology selected for sewage

treatment in Accra constructed under the project was very

GoG

31

selection for sewage treatment in Accra

appropriate since it relies on natural biological factors for the

successful treatment of sewage. Also, the selection of waste

stabilization ponds meant minimal use of mechanical and

electrical equipment thus easing operation and maintenance

requirements. This has been confirmed as the treatment plant

is being operated with minimal labour and mechanical

equipment.

Participatory approach to project design

The project was designed through extensive consultations with

stakeholders which including relevant Government agencies,

NGOs, the private sector, opinion leaders, assembly

women/men, traditional chiefs, school representatives,

Community Based Organizations (CBOs), donors and media

representatives. Consultative seminars held on the selection

and design of appropriate sanitation and sewerage systems for

Accra were very applicable. Environmental management plan

and socio-economic consideration from the seminars were also

incorporated in the project design.

GoG

Funds Flow from the Government

The inefficient flow of funds under the project largely impacted on progress. The Government should streamline procedures for project funds flow to ensure timelinesss for effective project implementation in the future.

GoG

Disbursements by Direct Method

Disbursement by Direct Payment to Consultants, Contractors

and Suppliers impacted positively on both contractor liquidity

and disbursement. This eliminated bureaucracy that could have

been associated with in the local project disbursement

environment.

MLGRD, PT and AfDB

Project planning-Integrated and holistic approach is fundamental for development impact

Issues on acquisition of wayleave for pipelines and processing of tax and duty exemption were not addressed upfront and resulted in activity delays. Issues on source adequacy in light of impacts of climate change, and on water quality management, faecal sludge management, and sustainability of the Sewerage operation were also not adequately considered at project planning. Future programs should put procedures in place to enhance these issues at the planning phase.

GoG

Results monitoring Efficiency of data collection modalities is integral for the success on any M&E framework. The challenges faced in measuring results under the project include inadequate capacity for data collection by the PT. Furthermore, data collected was not disaggregated such that evaluation of aspects of gender, beneficiary level of satisfaction etc cannot be done. Further more reporting on ESMP aspects at the project level should be ensured as a mesure to addressing

GoG and AfDB

32

issues identified in the EIA. These issues should be addressed in order to enhance results monitoring.

2. Key recommendations (with particular emphasis on ensuring sustainability of project benefits)

Key issue (max 10, add rows as needed)

Key recommendation Responsible

Deadline

Use of Realistic Implementation schedule and use of realistic cost estimates

Realistic timeframe for project implementation

should be adopted during the project design

and appraisal and realistic market prices

should be taken into account during

assessment of project cost to avoid scaling

down the project scope at the time of

implementation.

MLGRD and PT

N/A

Sustaining gains from the Sanitation Campaigning Program

MLGRD together with the PT should ensure that gains from the Sanitation Campaigns are not reversed by continuing with the campaigning program in targeting communities groups that were not sensitized under the project and by instituting appropriate M&E mechanisms to ensure that the momentum is sustained in communities that have already been sensitized under the project.

MLGRD and PT

Ongoing

Creation of robust M&E system

Putting in place a robust M&E monitoring

system for collection of baseline data (health,

education, gender, etc.) should be properly

measured to ensure efficient assessment of

project impacts at completion.

MLGRD Ongoing

Tariff adjustment for Financial sustainability in the Sewerage Operations

Government should implement recommendations of the tariff study and adopting best practices in O&M including tariff setting to ensure financial sustainability of sewerage operations in order to ensure absorption of operating maintenance costs. The Government is reviewing the current surcharge with a view to revising it to 40 % in order to enhance the financial performance.

MLGRD Ongoing

Improving Network Coverage in order to enhance Customer Data

The current ASIP project ended with the sewerage network established, however not much properties have been connected to

MLGRD Ongoing

33

Base through GIS in order to develop a billing system and improve the revenue base

realize the full potential of the project, There is therefore need for ASIP 2 to include accurate data collection on properties within ASIP 1 implementation areas and the proposed ASIP 2 project which will enlarge customer base and facilitate the development of a billing system tied to identified properties to be connected thus improve the revenue base and financial sustainability of the sewerage system.

Autonomy and Creation of Ghana Sewerage Authority

In order to further build the capacity of the Project Team for the management of the just completed facilities of Accra Sewerage Improvement Project and enhance Institutional sustainability of ASIP, there is need for commitment from the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development (MLGRD) in granting autonomy for the operation and maintenance of sewerage systems. In addition, it is important to continue providing funding throughout the operation of the sewerage system until cost recovery has been achieved. With decentralization of assemblies, the sewerage functions cut across various assemblies including ASIP.There is therefore need to create autonomy creation of Ghana Sewerage Authority to carry out and or oversea the functions of all sewerage systems in the country.

MLGRD Proposed

Public Private Partnership (PPP) Involvement

With autonomy and creation of Ghana Sewerage Authority, the new assets from the completed ASIP can be operated efficiently and effectively for optimal results. There is therefore need for MLGRD to apply a PPP model in the the operational running and maintenance of the sewerage systems.

MLGRD Proposed

Supply chain management in the local construction and water and sanitation sector Operation and maintenance

There is need to develop, through training and experience building, and maintain a pool of competent construction firms at the local level for effective implementation of future similarprojects especially construction of latrines and borehole drilling. There is also need for Government support existing structures to enable adequate supply chain management for spare parts and construction materials at the council level so that demand for maintenance services are met.

MLGRD Ongoing

Institutional Capacity Institutional Capacities of MLGRD/Sewerage Unit vis a vis Sanitation must be enhanced through capacity building and training. This will

GoG, AfDB

Continuous

34

lead to improved project implementation and achievement of project objectives. Continuous training in donor guidelines should be provided. This will reduce or eliminate the back and forth submissions of reports which require approval.

Supervising Engineering Consultant

The list of personnel for engineering supervising consultants should include head Office Backstoping and these may have to be evaluated. This will esure sound technical solutions for problems encounted at site. The supervising consultant was found inadequate in some areas of assessing propose designs submitted by the contractors.

GoG, AfDB

Continuous

Creation and Strengthening of the PT

During project design, the project

implementation team should be in place to

participate in the design so as to facilitate

project implementation.

The composition of the Project Team should

be properly assessed for the implementation

of the project.

The PT should be strengthened by recruitment

of qualified and experienced Accountant,

Procurement Expert and a Monitoring and

Evaluation Expert

MLGRD, AfDB

On-going

35

V Overall PCR rating

Dimensions and criteria Rating*

DIMENSION A: RELEVANCE 3.5

Relevance of project development objective (II.A.1) 4

Relevance of project design (II.A.2) 3

DIMENSION B: EFFECTIVENESS 3

Development Objective (DO) (II.B.4) 3

DIMENSION C: EFFICIENCY 2.75

Timeliness (II.C.1) 1

Resource use efficiency (II.C.2) 4

Cost-benefit analysis (II.C.3) 3

Implementation Progress (IP) (II.C.4) 3

DIMENSION D: SUSTAINABILITY 3.25

Financial sustainability (II.D.1) 2

Institutional sustainability and strengthening of capacities (II.D.2) 3

Ownership and sustainability of partnerships (II.D.3) 4

Environmental and social sustainability (II.D.4) 4

AVERAGE OF THE DIMENSION RATINGS 3.125

OVERALL PROJECT COMPLETION RATING 3.125

36

VI Acronyms and abbreviations

Acronym (add rows as needed)

Full name

AfDB African Development Bank

AMA Accra Metropolitan Assembly

ASIP Accra Sewerage Improvement Project

ADF African Development Fund

CBO Community Based Organization

CIF Cost Insurance and Freight

EA Executing Agency

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ESMP Environmental ans Social Management Plan

GIS Geographic Information System

GPRS Ghana Poverty Reduction Strategy

GSGDA Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda

GWCL Ghana Water Company Limited

DO Development Objective

EOCK Economic Opportunity Capital

ERR Economic Rate of Return

GoG Government of Ghana

IP Implementation Progress

IT Information Technology

IWRM Intergrated Water Resources Management

LGAs Local Government Assemblies

MOFP Ministry of Finance and Planning

MLGRD Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development

MOU Memeorandum of Understanding

MWH Ministry of Works and Housing

NGO Non Governmental Organization

O&M Operation and Maintenance

PCR Project Completion Report

PPP Public Private Partnership

PSC Project Stearring Committee

PT Project Team

SAMSU Accra Metropolitan Sewerage Unit

SHC State Housing Corporation

STP Sewage Treatment Plant

TPS Transfer Pumping Station

WMD Waste Management Department

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