PROJECT

IN

PHILITA

SCRAPBOOK

Doctrina Christiana

Ang Barlaan at Josaphat

Urbana at FelisaIbong Adarna, Florante at Laura

Ang Pasyon

The First Book Printed in the Philippines. Manila, 1593.

has been the object of a hunt which has extended from Manila to Berlin, and from Italy to Chile, for four hundred and fifty years.

The patient research of scholars the amazingly accurate hypotheses of bibliographers

the scraps of evidence found in books and archives

the amazingly accurate hypotheses of bibliographers

It is easy when a prisoner has been arrested and brought to the dock to give details of his complexion

heightcharacteristicsandidentifying marks

to fingerprint him and to photograph him

but how?

inadequate was the description before his capturefrequently did false scents draw the pursuer off the

right track

It is with this in mind that we examine the subject of this investigationremembering that it has not been done before in detail And to complete the case

In studying the Doctrina Christiana of 1593There are general problems

which we shall discuss. First, we shall give a physical description of the book. Secondly, we shall trace chronologically the bibliographical history of the Doctrina, that is, we shall record the available evidence which shows that it was the first book printed in the Philippines, and weigh the testimonies which state or imply to the contrary. Thirdly, we shall try to establish the authorship of the text, and lastly, we shall discuss the actual printing.

It hardly needs be told why so few of the incunabula of the Philippines have survived.

The paper on which they were printed was one of the most destructible papers ever used in book production.

The two fires of 1603 alone, which burned the Dominican convent in Manila to the ground and consumed the whole of Binondo just outside the walls, must have played untold havoc upon the records of the early missionaries.

Perhaps the only copies of early Philippine books which exist today, unchronided and forgotten, are those which were sent to Europe in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, and may now be lying uncatalogued in some library there.

One copy of this Doctrina was sent to Philip II by the Governor of the Philippines in 1593; and in 1785 a Jesuit philologist, Hervas y Panduro, printed Tagalog texts from a then extant copy. Yet, since that time no example is recorded as having

Ang Barlaan at Josaphat

The Greek Legend of Josaphat and Barlaan

who are believed to have survived around the 3rd-4th century in India

has been ascribed to John Damascene who wrote it around 750 B.C.

King Abenir

reigns over  a vast Indian Kingdom outstretched beyond the  lands of Egypt.

He lives in luxury and worldly honors.

And known for his bravery and victory in battles.

Meanwhile, he learns that noblemen and senators have abandoned their luxurious lives and  started laying their lives for Christ’s sake.

The king starts passing on decrees forcing Christians to renounce their religions, and later mastered various methods of torture to persecute them.

The queen bears a childthey name Josaphat

The king is filled with joy

and orders his men to gather his people to celebrate his son’s birthday.

Although in shroud of fear, the people come, bringing offerings according to what each man has in store. King Abenir’s joy is however short-lived when he learns from the oracles of kings that his son will embrace the Christian faith:

King Abenir’s

build a castle for his only son in a secluded city.

There Josaphat lives

Meanwhile, in the wilderness of Senaar,

there lives a hermit saint.

name is Barlaan

In disguise as a merchant

starts imparting the Christian teachings and works to Josaphat until the latter

accepts the faith and finally gets baptized.

When King Abenir discovers his son’s baptism he is outraged

But after six years of his son’s persistent urging and encouragement

the king himself gets baptized

Not long after, the king dies

Josaphat leaves his father’s land and entrusts  the kingdom to a faithful servant and follower

Barachias

Josaphat finally finds his friend, Barlaan

They took to an ascetic lifestyleuntil Barlaan’s death

Two years later, Josaphat followed.

upon which he orders the remains of Barlaan and Josaphat to be brought back to India and buried in the church that Josaphat has built. Since then, the believers considered Barlaan and Josaphat saints.

Ang Pasyon

Ang Pasyon ay isang naratibong tula ng Pilipinas

na nagsasaad ng buhay ni Kristo, mula kapanganakan hanggang sa pagkapako niya sa krus

Ang unang Pilipinong sumulat at kumanta ng pasyon sa

Tagalog ay si

Padre Gaspar Aquilino de Belen

isang katutubo ng Rosario, Batangas

Ang kanyang salin ay makikita sa Manga Panalangin Nagtatagubilin sa Calolowa Nang Taong Naghihingalo.

Dahil sa binigyan ng permiso mula sa simbahan ni Padre Antonio del Pueblo si de Belen napahintulutan na ilimbag niya ang Pasyon sa Maynila noong 1704.

ilang kauna-unahang akda ng ganitong uri ng panitikan, ito ay nakatanggap ng karangalan

Naging mabenta pa ang akdang ito sa maraming taon kaya nailimbag itong muli sa ikalimang pagkakataon noong 1750.

Dahil sa kamangha-manghang pagtanggap sa Pasyon ni Padre de Belen, ito ay naging dahilan upang sumunod ang ibang manunulat sa kanyang mga yapak.

URBANA AT FELISA

The "Urbana and Feliza" whose full title is

"Correspondence in Two Binibini that Urbana and was Feliza" 

 consists of letters exchanged by the two sisters

The younger, Feliza, was

attending a college of women in

Manila

Urbana, is full of advice to her

sisters about what to practice at

different times.

author used the epistolary style where in a series of thirty-four letters

members of a family in Paombong, Bulacan gave each other advice on the ideal conduct, and behavior expected of a middle-class and Christian family.

The series of correspondences, including a letter from a priest on the duties and responsibilities of married life, touched on various facets of experience that a person underwent from birth to death both in the secular and spiritual realms. In retrospect, Urbana at Felisa should be perceived as a text not only meant to regulate conduct and behavior, but as a discourse to contain the moral excesses of the period and affirm basic Christian tenets.

Urbana at Felisa enjoyed tremendous popularity not only in the nineteenth century but in the first half of the twentieth century as proven by the numerous reprints and translations it underwent

Many of the norms articulated in the book, especially those related to the importance of purity, the ideal virtues that married people should cultivate, the view of life on earth as a vale of tears, among others, continue to shape contemporary value systems.

Florante at Laura

The Masterworks by Francisco Baltasar (also known as Balagtas) is a masterpiece in Philippine literature

Poetic story began in a dark forest

Was tied Florante , one from the kingdom of Albania, on a full Higera, while distressed at the loss of his father, Duke Briseo. almost cause madness he hands of the enemy that he was Count Adolfo his beloved Laura. Son Jesus Adolfo Count of Count Sileno.

Heard of a Moslem, who was traveling in the woods, the cries of Florante . Aladin the name of the Moslem, touched by the words of Florante .

Two hungry lion suddenly attacked with Florante but was saved by Aladin unmarried. Loss of consciousness was Florante.

Decided to add Aladin safeguard was Florante to recover its strength.

When florante back his strength.

And after some explanations, it became quite the appreciation of Florante to Aladin , and here he began to recount about his life

As the son of a princess and a royal advisor, grow and full of love and care was Florante 

At age 11, was sent Florante his parents - who were Briseo Duke and Princess Floresca - in Athens , Greece to study under well-known teacher, Antenor 

In Athens he found was Adolfo , who came as the city of Florante .

 Adolfo the smartest student in school at that time, but after only six years, exceeded by Florante the skills, competence and intelligence by Adolfo 

While performing at a school table, adolfo try to kill florante