Project 1:Experiential Landscape

Topic: 1. National ParkGroup: NGMembers : Kok Xuan Ying (Leader)

Michelle Wong Sook YinLew Quo Ming Melvyn Poh Ern MengSoh Young ZhouLiew Cherng Qing (Mike)

Tutor:Ms. Shazreene Nurjanna Shamsuddin

Overview• Definition of National Park• Historical Background of National Park• Characteristics of National Park• Contextual study of National Park• Activities around National Park

What is a National Park?

- Natural area of land and/or sea.- designated to:

- protect ecological integrity (unspoiledlandscape).- provide educational and recreationalopportunities.

- Environment and culturally compatible.- Unlimited size of area.- Able to accommodate overall population of the country.

Gunung Mulu National Park,

Sarawak, Malaysia.

https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/Gunung+Mulu+National+Park/@3.9629527,114.7885656,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0xcc556a8cef339f29

Mulu National Park Plan View

Mulu National Park Map View

http://www.wonderfulmalaysia.com/imgs/map-mulu-national-park-sarawak-big.jpg

There are many many caves in Mulu National Park

Characteristics• Area size of 528.6 km².• Gunung Mulu highest peak : 2376 metre.• Exhibited 3500 species of vascular plants.• 109 species of palm species• Sarawak Chamber (world largest known cave).

600m by 415m and 80m high.

Historical Background• Officially known as national park in 1971.• Joint expeditions led by Royal Geographical Society and

Sarawak government.• 27 major caves were first found in 1980.• Sarawak Chamber discovered in 1984.• Sabotage incidents by Berawan tribe who claim

surrounding jungle are sacred in 1990s.• 66,000 hectare of rainforest (biosphere) were set aside by

Sarawak government for indigenous people to practice traditional lifestyle.

Contextual Study- 3 mountains in park.

Mount. Mulu (2376m)Mount. Api (1740m)Mount. Benarat (1585m)

- One of largest limestone caves in world below surface.- Many caves in park.

eg. Sarawak Chamber (Largest cave chamber in world)Clearwater Cave (Longest cave in South East Asia)Deer Cave (Largest cave passage)Lang Cave

- Penan village at Long Iman .

Limestone Pinncales, Mount. Api

Natural formed Abraham Lincoln Silhouette, Deer Cave

Penan people with unique traditions

Blow-pipe Hunting

Activities- Cave adventure, explore.- Bat watching- Canopy walk- Camping- Long Iman River walk + greeting locals

Long Iman River

Canopy Walk

Bat Watching

Landscape Features and ElementsCave formation (Dissolution of limestone)

Single leafMonophyllaea plant

Looks like crocodiles hanging from the ceiling

Cave Formation

Shadow of Maria

Göreme National Park, Cappadocia, Turkey.

a.k.a. Land of Beautiful Horses

https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/G%C3%B6reme,+Turkey/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x152a67dc41ce40e9:0x89cd781424798920?sa=X&ei=N2XtVO6fCIPbuQSx5oC4AQ&ved=0CIIBEPIBMA4

Göreme National Park Plan View

https://www.google.com.my/maps/place/G%C3%B6reme,+Turkey/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x152a67dc41ce40e9:0x89cd781424798920?sa=X&ei=N2XtVO6fCIPbuQSx5oC4AQ&ved=0CIIBEPIBMA4

Göreme National Park Map View

Characteristics- Located in volcanic zone of Hasan Mountain and Erciyes

Mountain.- 40km circumference.- Consists of world-famous rock formation, fairy chimneys.

Historical Background- Locals used to hide themselves away from battles.- Monastic life (devote themselves to religion) in this area

around 3rd and 4th Century.- Added to UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985.

Contextual StudyKaymakli

underground cities Underground cities Derinkuyu underground cities

First underground city open to visit -1964 Background Second underground

city open to visit

Most visited underground city Visitors Second most visited

underground city

Wide Area Deep

Constructed around 100 tunnels going in and out Tunnels Uses one same tunnel

4 floors SizeLargest excavated underground city in turkey (60m depth)

Where they store their food

Very small tunnels throughout the whole city to confuse the enemies

Kaymakli Underground City- 4 floors- 1st and 2nd floor for food storage and animal as living food source.- 3rd floor to hide.- deepest 4th floor are praying rooms to pray for enemies to not find them.

Stone door

WineryBecause wine doesn’t expire unlike water, perfect for hiding from enemies.

In fact, they taste better as time passes !

ActivitiesHot air balloon tour

begins everyday at sunrisetakes almost 90minutes for balloon tour

Preparing to leave the ground

This is as close as you can get to take a look on the Fairy Chimneys from the sky

Eroded plateau of Goreme valley : Fairy Chimneys- Erosion of volcanic sediments by wind and water.- Pillars and columns of 40m.- Major remnant of erosion (1325m) is dominant feature.

Nearby Erciyas volcano is active with minor eruptions.

Network of caves within rock formations served as residences to people.

Landscape Features and Elements

Summary & ComparisonMulu

National ParkNational

ParkGöreme

National Park

528.6 km² Characteristics 400 km²

Declared on 1971 Historical Background Declared on1985

Caves and Penan Tribe

Contextual Studies Underground Cities

Cave explore and Canopy Walk Activities Hot air balloon

Limestone cave and pinnacles

Features and Elements Fairy Chimneys

Reference- http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/357- http://www.goturkey.com/en/pages/content/652/goreme-

national-park-and-the-rock-site-of-cappadocia- http://mulupark.com/about-us/mulu-world-heritage-area/- http://mulupark.com/education-and-research/world-

heritage-information/

Q&A

Thank You