Project 0, Linux Dabbling CS-3013 A-term 20081 Project 0: Linux & Virtual Machine Dabbling CS-3013,...

Project 0, Linux Dabbling

CS-3013 A-term 2008 1

Project 0: Linux & Virtual Machine Dabbling

CS-3013, Operating Systems


CS-3013 A-term 2008 2

In this project, we will …

• Install our virtual machines and learn how to use them– This is the place you will work during this course!

• Build and install the Linux kernel– With your name on it!

• Follow Linux naming & numbering conventions

• Turn in the project using web-based Turnin


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In this project, we won’t …

• … try to change anything in the kernel yet• This is for a future project

• … try to support more than one machine architecture

• However, 32-bit and 64-bit architectures are different at the kernel level!

• Hardware-level code for different processor families is organized differently in kernel source code!

• Your kernel is not portable from one to another


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Installing your Virtual Machinein the Fossil Lab

• Log into any Fossil Lab workstation• Your user ID• Your Fossil password (from TAs)

• Open VMware Workstation• Select “Open an existing Virtual Machine”• Navigate to folder

P:\CS-3013\A-term 2008\Clonable SUSE Linux 10.3 (32-bit)

• Double click on SUSE Linux (a VMware Configuration File)

• Select “Clone this Virtual Machine”• Select Linked Clone• Choose snapshot = Template for clones• Save in your home directory on H drive (or on your desktop)


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Starting your Virtual Machine

• Start your virtual machine

• When it starts• Click in virtual machine screen

• Use arrow keys to select OpenSUSE 10.3• Login is as student, password = CS-3013

• Switching between Host and Guest• Click in guest window to focus mouse and keyboard

• Type CTL-ALT to return focus to host

• …


CS-3013 A-term 2008 6

Starting your Virtual Machine (continued)

• Full screen mode• Type CTL-ALT-Enter to switch to or from guest full

screen

• Interrupting• CTL-ALT-DEL always goes to host system

• Use VM menu command to “send CTL-ALT-DEL to guest”


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KDE – a Linux GUI interface

• Looks and acts a lot like Windows or Mac GUI

• Many similar tools and applications

• “Start” menu is in lower left corner under the “Gecko” icon

• YaST, the SUSE administration tool• Select User and group administration

• Create new user identity for yourself• Log out, log in as new identity, delete student


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YaST, the SUSE administration tool

• A much more efficient/effective way to manage your system

• Administer hardware, software, users, services, etc.

• Root password• CS-3013 (same as student password)

• Access via third tab under “Gecko” icon• Use it to set up your own user ID

• Delete student ID


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Other Notes

• When input focus is in guest window• Inserted CD/DVD is recognized by guest OS

• Same for USB flash drive

• Snapshots• Makes a record of the state of your virtual machine

• Any subsequent changes are made in copy-on-write mode

• Shared folder with host operating system• Seems to work this term!


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Share your thoughts and experiences in the Fossil Lab with your colleagues

Use the class e-mail list!


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Questions?


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To get started with kernel build

• Find kernel sources in /usr/src– i.e., a link to /home/src– Current version is linux-2.6.22.18-0.2

• Clone kernel source tree by linked copy: –– In a command shell, docp –al /usr/src/linux-2.6.22.18-0.2 kernelSrc

– Creates a linked copy of original tree in new directory called kernelSrc

– Or whatever you wish to name it


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Digression on Unix/Linux Hard Links

• Directory entries point directly to files• Two directory entries may point to same file!

• Same or different directories (within same file system)• Same or different name• Name attached to directory, not file• Permissions & attributes attached to file, not directory• Called hard links (as opposed to symbolic links)

• Modifications to file seen thru all hard links

• mv and rm commands change directories, not files!• File goes away when all directory entries (i.e., hard

links) to that file are deleted and file is closed.


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Cloned Source Tree

• All directories are copied

• All directory entries are hard-linked to files in original source tree

• I.e., only one copy of each file exists

• To modify a file:–• Unlink it in your directory (via mv or rm)

• Replace with modified copy in your directory

• Original still remains intact in original directory


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To Modify a File

• mv file.c file.c~

• Edit file.c~ in your favorite editor• Save as file.c• (Eventually) rm file.c~

• EMACS and patch do this automatically

• Most other editors require you to do it manually


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To Build Linux Kernel

• “Make configuration” step– As ordinary user

• Build kernel files and modules– As ordinary user

• Install modules, boot file, etc.– Need root privileges


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To Build Linux Kernel (continued)

• Always build to a separate destination treemkdir ~/kernelDstmake O=~/kernelDst …

• Reason– Making the configuration generates a lot of

include files and other sources– If you don’t specify a destination, it fills up

your source tree– Your patch files grow to megabytes!


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Making the Configuration

• In a command shell– cd kernelSrc

• Do one of:–– make O=~/kernelDst config

• Very long and tedious– make O=~/kernelDst menuconfig

• Still somewhat long and tedious; also hokey– make O=~/kernelDst xconfig

• Nicer; a reasonable GUI with very small print– make O=~/kernelDst gconfig

• Really nice; a better GUI; highly recommended


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Make configuration (continued)

• Edit “General Setup” line to name your “Local version”

• No other edits necessary for this project.• Save and quit

• If need to rebuild, use•make O=~/kernelDst oldconfig

to reuse same configuration


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To Build Kernel

• In a terminal window (i.e., a shell), do: – – cd kernelSrc– make –j4 O=~/kernelDst

• Takes• ~30 minutes on dual-core 2.4 GHz Core Duo,

1 GByte RAM in VM (2 GByte real memory)

• Almost 1.25 hours on 3 gigahertz Pentium, 3 GByte

• Rebuilds after small edits are much faster

• Changing .h files causes longer rebuilds


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Note: building with multiple processors

• Generally faster to do – cd kernelSrc– make –j4 O=~/kernelDst

– j = number of concurrent build “jobs”

• SUSE advice– 2 number of processors– Fossil Lab workstations have two processors

(dual core)


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Warnings

• Lots of warnings from files you never touched

• Not your problem

• No warnings allowed in your own code!• In this course


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For Project Submission

• Redirect build output to a file

• Submit – A subset of that file (this project only)– Output of uname –a command


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To Install Kernel

• Requires root privileges– sudo make modules_install install– Root password = CS-3013– Note order of arguments!

• Puts kernel, initrd file, symbols in /boot– Changes links for vmlinuz, initrd

• Adds entries to /boot/grub/menu.lst– So your kernel shows up on boot screen– So you can select which kernel to boot


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Running Your Kernel

• Restart your virtual machine

• Click in boot window

• Use arrow keys to select desired kernel or system

• To determine which kernel is running:–– uname -a


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Submitting your Project

• From within your virtual machine, visit– http://www.cs.wpi.edu/~kfisler/turnin.html

• Log in

• Submit output of your build as Project 0

• This is to test the ability to submit projects from the virtual machine!

http://www.cs.wpi.edu/~kfisler/turnin.html

http://www.cs.wpi.edu/~kfisler/turnin.html


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Project Due

• Due date:–– Tuesday, September 2, 6:00 PM

• Normally, projects are due the afternoon before class, but this due date is extended to accommodate problems, questions, etc.


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Questions?

Project 0, Linux Dabbling CS-3013 A-term 20081 Project 0: Linux & Virtual Machine Dabbling CS-3013,...

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