PROGRESSIVPROGRESSIVE ERAE ERA1890—1890—19201920

Much has been given us, and much will rightfully be Much has been given us, and much will rightfully be expected from us. We have duties to others and expected from us. We have duties to others and duties to ourselves; and we can shirk neither. We duties to ourselves; and we can shirk neither. We have become a great nation… have become a great nation… -- Excerpt from -- Excerpt from Theodore Roosevelt’s Inaugural Address, March 4, Theodore Roosevelt’s Inaugural Address, March 4, 19051905

1)1) The excerpt above most likely suggests that the The excerpt above most likely suggests that the U.S. –U.S. –A has moved into a position of world powerA has moved into a position of world powerB needs to impose higher taxes on imported B needs to impose higher taxes on imported goodsgoodsC has accepted the role of isolationist nationC has accepted the role of isolationist nationD needs to concentrate on domestic issuesD needs to concentrate on domestic issues

2)2) What was the Progressive Era?What was the Progressive Era?PAGE 418-419PAGE 418-419

PROGRESSIVISMPROGRESSIVISM ***Progressivism was a political ***Progressivism was a political

movement in which the government took movement in which the government took a more active approach to fixing the a more active approach to fixing the problems caused by industrialization and problems caused by industrialization and urbanization.***urbanization.***

The Progressive Era was a period in U.S. The Progressive Era was a period in U.S. history where a series of reforms history where a series of reforms transformed American society.transformed American society.

Progressive Reforms:Progressive Reforms: Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage Child LaborChild Labor Health & Safety CodesHealth & Safety Codes ProhibitionProhibition Regulation of Big BusinessRegulation of Big Business

PROGRESSIVE PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTSPRESIDENTS

THEODORE THEODORE ROOSEVELTROOSEVELT

2626THTH

Trust Buster

WOODROW WOODROW WILSONWILSON

2828THTH

World War 1 Guy

WILLIAM WILLIAM HOWARD TAFTHOWARD TAFT

2727THTH

Did nothing!!!

THEODORE THEODORE ROOSEVELTROOSEVELT

October 27, 1858—January 6, 1919October 27, 1858—January 6, 1919 Assistant Secretary of the Assistant Secretary of the NavyNavy 1897-18981897-1898

Rough Rider during the Rough Rider during the Spanish American WarSpanish American War 18981898

Governor of New YorkGovernor of New York 1899-19001899-1900

Vice PresidentVice President 19011901

2626thth President President 1901-19091901-1909 Known as the Known as the

"Trust Buster""Trust Buster"

PRESIDENTIAL FIRSTSPRESIDENTIAL FIRSTS• First to invite an African First to invite an African

American to a White House American to a White House dinner.dinner.

• First to have Secret Service First to have Secret Service protection.protection.

• First to win the Nobel Peace First to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Prize.

• First to take a trip outside the First to take a trip outside the United States.United States.

• First to be submerged in a First to be submerged in a submarine, to own a car, to submarine, to own a car, to have a telephone in his home, have a telephone in his home, and to be allowed to operate and to be allowed to operate the light switches in the the light switches in the White House.White House.

TEDDY ROOSVELTTEDDY ROOSVELT Soldier, politician, Social Soldier, politician, Social

Darwinist, nationalist, Darwinist, nationalist, author, hunter, author, hunter, conservationistconservationist

Youngest person to ever Youngest person to ever serve as president, 42.serve as president, 42.

Roosevelt refused to kill a Roosevelt refused to kill a defenseless bear cub on a defenseless bear cub on a hunting trip and the hunting trip and the “teddy bear” was named “teddy bear” was named after him.after him.

One of the presidents on One of the presidents on Mount Rushmore.Mount Rushmore.

MOUNT RUSHMOREMOUNT RUSHMORE

““BIG STICK” POLICYBIG STICK” POLICY ““Speak softly and carry a Speak softly and carry a

big stick,” became the big stick,” became the motto for Roosevelt’s motto for Roosevelt’s foreign policy.foreign policy.

Negotiated the Negotiated the construction of the construction of the Panama Canal in Panama Canal in 19041904..

Issued the Roosevelt Issued the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the Doctrine stating that the U.S. would intervene in U.S. would intervene in Latin America when Latin America when necessary.necessary.

Won the Nobel Peace Won the Nobel Peace Prize in Prize in 19061906 after after negotiating peace in the negotiating peace in the Russo-Japanese War.Russo-Japanese War.

SQUARE DEALSQUARE DEAL His reform programs became known as the His reform programs became known as the

Square Deal, “no less, no more.”Square Deal, “no less, no more.” Known as a “trust buster” after he disbanded Known as a “trust buster” after he disbanded

over 40 monopolies.over 40 monopolies. First to call for universal health care and First to call for universal health care and

national health insurance.national health insurance. Supported conservation programs like the Supported conservation programs like the

Newlands Reclamation Act in Newlands Reclamation Act in 19021902.. Supported labor unions and created the Supported labor unions and created the

Bureau of Corporations in Bureau of Corporations in 19031903.. Passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure

Food and Drug Act in Food and Drug Act in 19061906..

TRUST BUSTERTRUST BUSTER

CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION• Roosevelt urged Americans to conserve Roosevelt urged Americans to conserve

the nation’s natural resources.the nation’s natural resources.• In 1902 Roosevelt supported passage of In 1902 Roosevelt supported passage of

the Newlands Reclamation Act, the Newlands Reclamation Act, authorizing the use of federal funds from authorizing the use of federal funds from public land sales to pay for irrigation and public land sales to pay for irrigation and land development projects.land development projects.

• Roosevelt took other steps to conserve Roosevelt took other steps to conserve the nation’s resources:the nation’s resources: added over 100 million acres to the added over 100 million acres to the

protected national forestsprotected national forests established 5 new national parksestablished 5 new national parks established 50 federal wildlife reservationsestablished 50 federal wildlife reservations

CONSERVATIONISTCONSERVATIONIST

CONSERVATIONISTCONSERVATIONIST

THE JUNGLETHE JUNGLE Novel by Upton Sinclair published Novel by Upton Sinclair published

in 1906.in 1906. The powerful best-seller described The powerful best-seller described

the appalling conditions in the the appalling conditions in the meatpacking industry.meatpacking industry. ““There would be meat stored in great There would be meat stored in great

piles in rooms; and the water from piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race upon it.” thousands of rats would race upon it.” – from – from The JungleThe Jungle

Roosevelt and Congress Roosevelt and Congress responded by passing the Meat responded by passing the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906.and Drug Act in 1906.

Upton SinclairUpton Sinclair

MEAT PACKINGMEAT PACKING

MEAT INSPECTION ACT &MEAT INSPECTION ACT &PURE FOOD AND DRUG PURE FOOD AND DRUG

ACTACT• The Meat Inspection Act The Meat Inspection Act required the inspection of required the inspection of meat sold through meat sold through interstate commerce and interstate commerce and required the Agriculture required the Agriculture Department to set Department to set standards of cleanliness in standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants.meatpacking plants.

• The Pure Food and Drug The Pure Food and Drug Act prohibited the Act prohibited the manufacture, sale, or manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and falsely labeled food and drugs.drugs.

THEODORE ROOSEVELTTHEODORE ROOSEVELT

BELL RINGER #15BELL RINGER #15 U.S. Navy Defeats Spanish Navy at Manila U.S. Navy Defeats Spanish Navy at Manila

BayBay U.S. Forces Victorious at San Juan HillU.S. Forces Victorious at San Juan Hill U.S. Acquires Additional TerritoriesU.S. Acquires Additional Territories1)1) As a result of the events described above, As a result of the events described above,

the U.S. –the U.S. –A became a world powerA became a world powerB remained an isolationist in world affairsB remained an isolationist in world affairsC rejected imperialismC rejected imperialismD placed limitations on foreign travelD placed limitations on foreign travel

2)2) Explain the 19Explain the 19thth Amendment. Amendment.PAGE 423PAGE 423

WILLIAM HOWARD TAFTWILLIAM HOWARD TAFTSeptember 15, 1857—March 8, 1930September 15, 1857—March 8, 1930

Secretary of Secretary of WarWar 1904-19081904-1908

2727thth President President 1909-19131909-1913

Chief JusticeChief Justice 1921-19301921-1930

SMILING BILLSMILING BILL One of Roosevelt’s closest friends and One of Roosevelt’s closest friends and

obvious choice for his successor.obvious choice for his successor. Established the Children’s Bureau to Established the Children’s Bureau to

overlook child labor.overlook child labor. Extended Roosevelt’s conservation program Extended Roosevelt’s conservation program

by expanding the national forests.by expanding the national forests. Strengthened the postal system.Strengthened the postal system. Promoted world peace.Promoted world peace. The only person to be both president and The only person to be both president and

chief justice of the United States.chief justice of the United States. At over 300 lbs, Taft is the heaviest At over 300 lbs, Taft is the heaviest

president ever elected and the last to have president ever elected and the last to have facial hair.facial hair.

WILLIAM H. TAFTWILLIAM H. TAFT

SPLIT WITH ROOSEVELTSPLIT WITH ROOSEVELT Election of Election of 19121912::

Taft (President) Taft (President) RepublicanRepublican Woodrow Wilson (Governor of Woodrow Wilson (Governor of

New Jersey) New Jersey) DemocratDemocrat Roosevelt (Former President) Roosevelt (Former President)

ProgressiveProgressive.. Because Roosevelt was Because Roosevelt was

actually a Republican actually a Republican running on a third party running on a third party ticket, the Republican Party ticket, the Republican Party was divided and the was divided and the Democrats easily won the Democrats easily won the election.election.

William H. Taft became the William H. Taft became the first and only president to first and only president to finish third in his bid for finish third in his bid for reelection.reelection.

ELECTION OF 1912ELECTION OF 1912

WOODROW WILSONWOODROW WILSONDecember 28, 1856 – February 3, December 28, 1856 – February 3,

19241924 President of President of

PrincetonPrinceton 1902-19101902-1910

Governor of New Governor of New JerseyJersey 1911-19131911-1913

2828thth President President 1913-19211913-1921

WILSON’S WILSON’S ACCOMPLISHMENTSACCOMPLISHMENTS

Passage of the 16Passage of the 16thth Amendment (Income Tax) in Amendment (Income Tax) in 1913.1913.

Passage of the 17Passage of the 17thth Amendment (Direct Election of Amendment (Direct Election of Senators) in 1913.Senators) in 1913.

Federal Reserve Act passed in 1913 helped Federal Reserve Act passed in 1913 helped reestablish the banking system in the U.S.reestablish the banking system in the U.S.

In 1914 the Federal Trade Commission was passed to In 1914 the Federal Trade Commission was passed to help monitor American business.help monitor American business.

The Child Labor Act of 1916 prohibited children The Child Labor Act of 1916 prohibited children under the age of 14 to work in factories.under the age of 14 to work in factories.

Passage of the 18Passage of the 18thth Amendment (Prohibition) in 1919. Amendment (Prohibition) in 1919. Passage of the 19Passage of the 19thth Amendment (Women’s Suffrage) Amendment (Women’s Suffrage)

in 1920.in 1920.

WILSON & WORLD WAR IWILSON & WORLD WAR I Wilson attempted to stay Wilson attempted to stay

out of WWI, but the German out of WWI, but the German use of unrestricted use of unrestricted submarine warfare forced submarine warfare forced the U.S. to enter in 1917.the U.S. to enter in 1917.

Wilson was actively Wilson was actively involved in negotiating an involved in negotiating an end to the war with his end to the war with his Fourteen Points.Fourteen Points.

Wilson helped shape the Wilson helped shape the Treaty of Versailles that Treaty of Versailles that officially ended World War officially ended World War I.I.

He helped establish the He helped establish the League of Nations after the League of Nations after the war. war.

WOODROW WILSONWOODROW WILSON

WOMEN’S MOVEMENTWOMEN’S MOVEMENT 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton helps 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton helps

organize the first women’s right convention organize the first women’s right convention in Seneca Falls, New York.in Seneca Falls, New York.

1878, a constitutional amendment granting 1878, a constitutional amendment granting women suffrage was introduced, but it failed women suffrage was introduced, but it failed to pass.to pass.

1890, the National American Woman 1890, the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) is formed.Suffrage Association (NAWSA) is formed.

1913, suffragists march in Washington D.C 1913, suffragists march in Washington D.C to draw attention to the women’s movement.to draw attention to the women’s movement.

1920, the 191920, the 19thth Amendment guaranteeing Amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote went into effect.women the right to vote went into effect.

WOMEN ACTIVISTSWOMEN ACTIVISTS

ELIZABETH ELIZABETH CADY STANTONCADY STANTON

SUSAN B. SUSAN B. ANTHONYANTHONY

CARRIE CARRIE CHAPMAN CATTCHAPMAN CATT

NATIONAL AMERICAN NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE WOMAN SUFFRAGE

ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION

WOMEN’S SUFFRAGEWOMEN’S SUFFRAGE• ““The right of citizens of The right of citizens of

the United States to vote the United States to vote shall not be denied or shall not be denied or abridged by the United abridged by the United States or by any State on States or by any State on account of sex. Congress account of sex. Congress shall have power to shall have power to enforce this article by enforce this article by appropriate legislation.appropriate legislation.” ” – U.S. Constitution 1920– U.S. Constitution 1920

• The 19The 19thth Amendment Amendment (1920) guaranteed (1920) guaranteed women the right to vote.women the right to vote.

WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE BEFORE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE BEFORE 19201920

WOMEN’S SUFFRAGEWOMEN’S SUFFRAGE

NAACPNAACP National Association for National Association for

the Advancement of the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909.was founded in 1909.

Initially the NAACP Initially the NAACP wanted to bring an end to wanted to bring an end to lynching and racial lynching and racial discrimination.discrimination.

NAACP also worked for NAACP also worked for such causes as school such causes as school desegregation, fair desegregation, fair housing and employment, housing and employment, voter registration, and voter registration, and equal health care and equal health care and income opportunity.income opportunity.

CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERSCIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS

IDA B. WELLSIDA B. WELLS BOOKER T. BOOKER T. WASHINGTONWASHINGTON

W.E.B. DU BOISW.E.B. DU BOIS