Friedrich Granzer

Erik Moisar (Eds.)

Progress in Basic Principlesof Imaging Systems

Proceedings of the

International Congressof Photographic Science

Koln (Cologne), 1986

UNIVERSITATSBIBUOTHEKHANWCWER

TECHNISCHE

INFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK

V

Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Braunschweig/Wiesbaden

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Welcome AddressXVII

PrefaceXVIII

Organizing Committee of ICPS 1986 XX

PLENARY LECTURES AND TUTORIALS

J. Lohmann

New Trends in AgHal Photography 3

J. C. MarchantNew Opportunities for Improved Image Recording Systems . 9

A. B. Cohen, P. Walker

Photopolymers '86 - Impact on Photoscienceand Applications 10

A. Schneller, H. W. Vollmann

Application of Photochemical Methods for Imaging Systems 11

U. RothgordtPhysical Imaging Systems 17

J. Kile

Digital Image Processing in the Publishing Domain .... 23

L. E. Ravich

The Impact of Electronic Imaging Technology on

Traditional Imaging Systems 29

0. Kiibler

Computer Vision 3 0

M. Pfeiler, E. Reinhardt, P. Marhoff

Elctronic Imaging in Medicine 31

K. Biederraann

Visual Quality Aspects in Silver Halide and

Electronic Imaging Systems 41

E. Inoue

Discipline of Imaging Science 49

SESSION 1: SILVER HALIDE SYSTEMS

Subseasion 1.It Emulsion Preparation

J. E. MaskaskyThe Seven Different Kinds of Crystal Forms of

Photographic Silver Halides . 59

J. S. Wey, R. JagannathanNucleation Behavior in the Precipitation of

a Sparingly Soluble Salt - AgBr 60

1. H. Leubner

Crystal Formation (Nucleation) Under Kineticallyand Diffusion Controlled Growth Conditions 61

V

I. H. Leubner

Crystal Formation in the Presence of Growth Restrainers . 64

I. H.Leubner

Crystal Formation (Nucleation) in the Presence of

Ostwald Ripening Agents 66

S. Matsuzaka, Y. Suda, S. Nishiwaki

The Growth of Silver Halide Microcrystals with

(331) Surface 68

T. J. Maternaghan, M, S. Wharton

Twinned Monosize Emulsions Formed by Recrystallisation . 72

M. A. King, M. H. Loretto, T. J. Maternaghan, F. J. BerryThe Investigation of Iodide Distribution by AnalyticalElectron Microscopy 73

J. E. MaskaskyAn Enhanced Understanding of Silver Halide

Tabular-Grain Growth 80

S. Takada, H. Ayato, S. Ishimaru

Review of the Photographic Emulsions ContainingDouble Structure Grains 81

K. Iguchi, M. Okaji, S. Ebato

The Growth of AgBr on AgCl Microcrystals 88

R. Gijbels, J. Van Pumbroeck, L. W. KetellapperDepth Distribution of Halides in Silver Halide

Emulsions by SIMS 93

J.-P. Reber

Concentrated Silver Halide Complex Solutions in

Aqueous N-Methylformamide and Their Use in the

Preparation of Photographic Emulsions . . 98

S. Wu, D. HuangDistribution of Iodide Ions in Ag(Br,I) Tabular Grains. .

103

T. T. Yan, J. Yue, D. Yin, B. X. PengA Study of Ce(3+) Doping Effect on Silver Halide

Emulsion Microcrystals 108

M. Szucs

Conformational Changes in Gelatin Layers 114

M. De Clercq, E. QuantenAmino-Acid Composition of Gelatins 119

S.-Y. Zhuang, X.-Q. Liu

A Study of the Effect of Combined Salt and

Modified Gelatin Flocculatloti ,124

F. Evva, P. Kiss

A Rapid Photochemical Test for the Determination

of Chloride Impurity of Photo Gelatine. .........126

Y. Suda, S. Matsuzaka

The Characterization of New Type Silver Halide

Microcrystals 130

VI

J. Pawlowski, N. Kalkert

Formation, Dissolution and Ostwald Ripening of Crystals .135

S. Gahler, A. Winzer

Radiochemical Investigations About the OstwaldRipening of Silver Bromide in the Presence of

Phthalylated Gelatins 141

X.-L. Gao, M. A. King, J. Van Vooren, R. Gijbels,Y. Gilliams, M. Kelchtermans

Halide Compositional and Distributional Analysis ofIodide-Converted Silver Bromide Microcrystals bySIMS and STEM-EDX 146

P. Hu, D. HuangA Study of the Distribution of Latent Imagein Core-Shell Emulsion Grains 150

J. Keevert, V. GokhaleA Look at Reaction and Aggregation Steps in SulfurSensitization and the Role of Tetraazaindene 154

M. Riveccie, G. Friour

Electrochemical Study of the Reactivity of Some Poly-thioethers in the Presene of Silver Ions: General

Trends for Their Photographic Effects 155

W. Schmidt, K. Hoffmann

X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Agl/AgBr RecrystallizationDuring Double-Jet Emulsion Preparation 161

K. Starbova, J. Assa

Influence of Impurity Centres on the Growth of

Evaporated Silver Bromide Layers 165

M. Todorova, A. Stankova, I. Markov, M. Pancheva

Photographic Action of Pb(III)-EDTA 169

Subaegsion 1.2: Physical Properties, Latent Image

R. S. Eachus, J. P. SpoonhowerThe Photographic Consequences of Impurity Ion

Doping in Silver Halides 175

D. Schoemaker, Y. Gilliams, L. W. KetellapperElectron-Spin Resonance of the Structure and Internal

Motions of Rh(2+) and Other Transition Metals in AgCland Their Relationship with Photographic Sensitivity. .

. 176

J. F. Hamilton, J. M. Harbison, D. L. Jeanmaire

Energy Levels of Sulfur Sensitizer Centers 178

Y. T. Tan, R. C. Baetzold

Theoretical Treatment of Surface and Bulk Defects

in Silver Halides 179

A. Laskar, K. V. Reddy, B. PopsonDiffusion of Cesium, Cerium and Sulfur in Silver

Halides and Size Effect of the Solutes 185

VII

H. Haefke, A. Panov

Investigation of Photographic Elementary Process on Sil¬

ver Halide Films by Means of the Decoration Technique . . 190

P. Fayet, F. Granzer, G. Hegenbart, E. Moisar,

B. Pischel, L. Woste

Simulation of Latent Image Specks by Use of

Size-Selected Silver Clusters 194

G. Vekeman, W. Maenhout-Van der Vorst

Influence of Solution pAg and pH on the Transient

Photoconductivity of Silverbromide Emulsion Grains. . . .200

J.-Q. Zhao, P.-J. Xia

A Study on the Mechanism of Latent Image Formation

by Computer Simulation Technique 205

H. Takiguchi, N. Morikava

Relationship Between the Amount of Silver Sulfide

Produced During Sulfur Sensitization and PhotographicProperties 210

J. A. Zuleta

The Effect of S-Donor Ligands on the Sensitization of

Silver Bromide Crystals with Iridium(IIl) 214

M. K. Van Doorselaer

Crystal Structure and Activity of Ag,S- and (Ag,Au>2S-Specks at the Surface of Silver Halide Crystals 219

P. Faelens

About the Reciprocity Law in Photographic Silver

Chloride and Silver Bromide Emulsions 221

A. H. Herz

Solvent-Induced Storage Fog in Emulsions 226

P. B. Gilman, Jr., T. L. Penner, T. D. Koszelak,S. K. Mroczek

Similarities Between Chemical and SpectralSensitization of Silver Halide Emulsions 228

J. Dikova, K. Starbova

Effect of Sulfur Sensitization on Photolytic Silver

Formation......

239

J. Assa, F. Granzer

Hydrogen Sensitization of Evaporated AgBr Layers 243

L. Berwart, P. Faelens

Use of Laser Exposure Techniques for the Study of

High-Intensity Reciprocity Failure 249

S. S. Collier

The Production of Fog Centers After Reduction Sen¬

sitization by the Addition of Bromide or Thlocyanate. . .253

L. Dupaln-Klerkx, P. Faelens

Sensitivity Speck Formation During Gold Ripeningof Photographic AgBr and AgCl Emulsions ......... 259

VIII

P. Fayet, L. Woste

Triple-Quadrupole for Investigating Optical and

Dynamical Properties of Metal Aggregates 264

J. Feldott

Ionic Conductivity of AgBr Films 269

F. Granzer, R. Kricsanowits, Th. MiissigHeterojunctions in Silver Halide Systems 273

R. K. Hailstone, N. B. Liebert, J. F. Hamilton, M. LevyThe Latent Subimage - Theory vs. Experiment 281

L. W. Ketellapper, M. Kelchtermans, H. BorginonInteraction Between the Space Charge Layer of Halidesand Adsorbed Substances (Organic Cations, Gelatin etc.) .

282

L. W KetellaperIonic Conductivity of Small Ag-S-Particles 283

K. Kuge, H. Kaizaki

Effect of Chemical Sensitization on the DelayedFormation of Latent Image Specks 284

W. Maenhout-Van der Vorst, G. Vekeman

Temperature Dependence of the Photoconductivity in

AgX Microcrystals 290

Th. Miissig, J. R. Niklas, J. M. SpaethENDOR-Spectroscopic Investigation of the Stability of

the Neutral Silver Atom in Na Ag,_

CI Mixed Crystals. . . 294

G. Pasini

Photographic Effects on Intermittent X-Ray Exposure . . . 302

J. Guilment, A. Regis, J. Corset, M. Riveccie

Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy Characterization

of Silver Aggregates Distributions in a Silver Halide

Matrix in Relation to the Latent Image Formation and

the Enhanced Raman Effect 306

D. Schwarze, H. Stolz, W. von der Osten

Photo Induced Defect States in Silver Halides 314

G. Vekeman, Y. B.-jPeng, W. Maenhout-Van der Vorst

Influence of OsCl," Surface Doping on the

Transient Photoconductivity in Cube-Otahedral

Silver Bromide Emulsions 318

D. Verbandt, D. Schoemaker

Dependence on pAg of AgBr Emulsion Grains Studied

by Time-Resolved Luminescence 319

Y. Xu, R. Kricsanowits, E. Palm, F. Granzer

The Phase Diagram of the System AgBr^Ij^ 323

J. Yue, T.-T. Yan

Influence of Lanthanum(III) Ions on Photographic Speedand Light Absorption of Silver lodobromide Emulsion ... 327

IX

Subsession 1.3: Spectral Sensitization, Stabilization,Environmental Influences

J. W. Mitchell

The Supersensitization of 1,1'-Diethyl-2,2'-cyanine Iodide 333

A. A. Muenter

Light Absorption Limitations on Dyed Blue Speed 334

T. Tani, M. Ihama

Enhancement of Dispersion of Latent Images by Cyanine

Dyes as a New Mechanism for Dye Descnsit izatlun 335

H. Pietsch, J. SicgelNew Aspects of Spectral Sensitization of PhotographicSystems by Dyes 342

G. L. House

The Solid-State Specal Sensitization of AgCl 348

2. Li, J. Li, L. JiangEffect of Content of Chloride Ion in Silver Bromide

on the Adsorption and Sensitization of Dyos 349

B. Li, J. Li, J. Zhang, L. JiangThe Effect of Chlorine Substituent on the SpectralSensitization of Benzimidazolocarbocyaninc 355

A. F. Sowinski, P. J. Wightman, D. C. ShumanCharacterization of the Environmental Radiation

Sensitivity of Photographic Materials 361

M. Iwasaki, H. Saijo, T. Tanaka

Kinetics of J-Aggregation of 1,1'-Dlethyl-2,2'-cyanine Chloride from Dilute Aqueous Solution 362

H. KampferIR-Absorbing F-Aggregates of Dicarbocyaninc Dyos J66

H.-G. Rollar, H. Kampfer, K. HoffmannEffect of Dye Aggregates on Ionic Conducttvity ofSilver Halides T/0

N. C. Shi, S. C. YangEffect of Adsorption Sensitizing Dyes on

Supersensitization 374

M. Sydow, J. Slegel, H. Ullmann, R. Stoesaer,M. Friedrich, D. Fassler

Photographlcal and ESR-Spectroacopical Investigationsof Spectral Sensitization of AgBr/1-Emulsions 378

X

Subsession 1.4; Processing, Colour Formation

L. E. Friedrich, J. E. EilersElectron Transfer Equations for the CorrosionModel of Single Grain Silver Development 385

T. Suga

Aspects of Lith Development: High ContrastDeduced from the Redox Potential 386

J. R. BoyackTemperature Effects and Calculation of CharacteristicCurves Using the Electrode Theory of PhotographicDevelopment 391

U. Nickel

The Quasi-Homogeneous Reduction of Silver

by p-Phenylenediamines 396

S.-X. Ji, P. Hu, H.-M. Jen —"

On the Mechanism of Developer Fog Formation 402

J. M. Simson

High Contrast Through the Use of Nucleators 407

H. J. Metz

On the Reduction Mechanism of Silver Halide

Crystals In Different Developer Systems 412

Y. Gilliams, E. Vanderstokker

Use of the Electrolytic Grain Size Analyzerin the Study of Development 417

A. Hubin, H. Terryn, J. Vereecken, R. De KeyzerElectrochemical Reduction of Silver Complexes and

its Inhibition by 1-Phenyl-mercapto-tetrazole 423

I. Itoh

Recent Progress on the Chemistry of HighlyFunctionallzed 2-Equivalent Couplers 424

R. P. Szajewski, P. J. Wightman, J. N. PoslusnyApplication of Biochemically Derived Models of Transportand Binding to the Analysis of Photographic Problems. . .

425

Y. Chen, Z. Zhu, Z. Yao, S. WangThe Relation Between Activities and Structures of

the Cyan Couplers of Phenolic Type 426

E, Pauwels, J. Van Buggenhout, J. Vereecken,R. De KeyzerInvestigation of Basic Photographic Processes Usinga Modified Rotating Ring-Disc Electrode 431

Z. Stanek, A. Julak, J. Tusl

Model Systems of Photographic Development 432

J. L. Hall, E. R. Brown

Design Considerations for Optimum Bleach Performance

in Color Negative Film Processing 438

XI

K. Frank

The Effect of Thlocyanate in Reversal First Developers. .439

G. Helling, H. Reiff

Studies on the Loading of Polyurethane lonomers

with Color Couplers 443

S. Katano, M. Nakatani, K. Futaki

Influence of Mercapto Compounds on Grain Habit andColor of Silver Diffusion Transfer Image 446

H. Kobayashi, K. Yoshida, H. Takano, T. Ohno,S. Mizusawa

Electrochemical Experiments Upon the Kinetics of the

Coupling Reaction of Quinonediimines 450

K. LiangA Heterogeneous Diffusion-Kinetic Mode] of Silver

Halide Development with Inhibition (I) - Theory 451

Z.-H. Zhu, K.-C. Chen, M.-D. Wu, Z.-L. Chen

A Study of the Undesirable Absorption of PyrazoloneAzomethine Dyes in the Substractive Colour Films 452

Subsession 1.5: New Silver Halide Imaging Systems

G. A. Branitsky, V. V, Sviridov, V, D. Stashonok

Photographic Images Formed of Base Metals and FineSilver Particles on Low Silver Content PhotographicLayers 4 59

D. A. MorganNew Capabilities With Dry Silver Recording Materials 462

V. K. Walworth, W. D. Slafer, A. B. Holland,J. J. Cowan

Silver Halide Grains in Geometric Arrays 471

J. Assa, J. Eneva, V. Platikanova, K. GrancharovEvaporated Silver Halide Layers as a Medium forElectron Beam Recording 477

G. A. Branitsky, G. M. Korzun, S. K. Rakhmanov,L. P. Rogatch, 0. V. Sergeyeva, V. D. StashonokSilver Image Intensification by Means of Silver

Covering Power Increase. 481

Q. Chang, H.-M. Jen

The Kinetics and Mechanism of PhotographicAmplification with Co(III)-Complex. .... 485

I. Chudacek, L. MatousekThe Primary and Secondary Radiation In KirlianPhotography

.......... 490

XII

J. Eneva, S. Kitova, J. Assa, I. Podolesheva,V. Platikanova, J. Malinowski

Metal Particles Dispersed in a Polymer Matrix as a

Digital Laser Recording Medium 494

H.-J. Schumann, H. Ohlschlager, H. KampferNew Coupler-Free Multi-Color Material With Low

Silver Level Based on Luminescence 498

X.-B. Xi, H.-M. Jen

Kinetics and Mechanism of Photographic AmplificationWith Copper Physical Development 502

SESSION 2: NON-SILVER PHOTOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS

G. Delzenne

Organic Photoresists: State of the Art and

Future Trends 505

W. Pufe, P. SiiptitzThe Combination of Evaporated Silver Halide Films

With Amorphous Chalcogenide Films as a High Speed

Micrographic System 513

V. V. Svlridov, S. K. Rakhmanov, V. N. Khvalyuk,G. A. Branitsky, V. S. Gurin

Investigation of Photographic Phenomenon Nature on

Metal-Lead-Iodide Thin Film Layers With PhysicalDevelopment 519

J. A. Aznarez, J. A. Mendez, J. M. Palacios

Image Registering in Te-Ge Films 523

G. Danev, B. Mednikarov, E. Spasova, K. Grancharov

Exposure of Photostimulated Evaporated InorganicResist With an Electron Beam 527

J. W. M. Jacobs

A High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy

Study of Pd Photodeposition on Thin T102 Films 531

I. Konstantinov, B. Mednikarov, V. PanayotovPhotostructural Changes and Alkaline Solubility of

Deposited As-S, Layers 535

V. Panayotov, I. Konstantinov

Metal-Chalcogenide Glass Interaction on Laser

Irradiation - Computer Simulation of the Recording

Process 539

K. Petkov, M. Sahatchieva, J. Dikova

-x

B. Pischel, N. Starbov

Thin Chalcogenide Layers in Inorganic Resist Systems. . . 547

Selective Dissolution of AsxS10Q_._ Thin Films 543

XIII

K. Kolev, N. Starbov

Thermostimulated Changes in Metal-ChalcogenideGlass Multilayer Systems for Laser Recording 551

R. Stoycheva, P. Simidchleva, A. Buroff

Temperature Dependence of the Photodissociation

of a-As2S3 555

M. Sukigara, Y. Aikawa, N. Minami, N. Nishimura

Photochromism of W03 Thin Films 559

V. V. Sviridov, N. V. Loginova, G. P. Sevtchenko

Bismuth Compounds as the Light-Sensitive Componentsin Photographic Process 563

A. V. Vannikov, A. D. Grishina, V. A. Zverkov

Amplification in Photochemical Non-Silver Photographic

Systems 567

A. V. Vannikov, A. D, Grishina

Spectral Sensitization of Non-Silver Photographic

Systems 571

SESSION 3: NON-SILVER PHOTOPHYSICAL SYSTEMS

J. De Roeck

Non-Impact Printers: A Chgallenge to Photography? .... 577

C. H. Hertz

Color Hard Copy by Ink Jet Devices 578

M. Lutz

Photoconductors for Electrophotographic Copiersand Non-Impact Printers

.....579

D. M. Pai

Charge Carrier Generation and Transport in

Photoconductors for Electrophotography 585

I. Chudacek, D. Slavinska, W. Herms

The Charge Carrier Transport in ElectrophotographicTwo-Layer System Polyvinylcarbazole:Tr.i.nitrofluorenoneand Selenium 594

M. C. Palazzotto, M. R. V. SahyunPhotoinduced Charge Separation in Random Organic Media. . 599

Q. M. Le, C. Tran, N. D. Nguyen, T. B. Nguyen,N. X. Nguyen

Optical Characterization and Photoconductivity of a New

Photoreceptor in the Spectral Region of Diode Laser . . . 607

H. Pietsch, Th. Stolle, I. Ebert

About Irreversible Reactions of Desactivation in

Organic Photoconductors Investigated on Linear

Epoxide-Amine Polymers. 608

M. Utsumi, A. Noahiro, E. Inoue

The Design of an Organic Photoreceptor for Laser

Scanning , 612

XIV

W. Crooks, K. S. Pennington, J. TsayBasic Fundamentals of Thermal Transfer Printing 619

H. Fiedler

Dry Toner Image Development in Electrography 628

H. Uytterhoeven, W. De Winter, W. Podzun,J. Witte, J. Goossens, C. SiilingPolymers for Liquid Electrophotographic DevelopersWith Built-in Charge Regulating Species 629

M. Lelental, J. Y. KaukeinenChemical Amplification of Electrographic Images - Two-Stage High-Gain Electrographic Development Process. . . .

630

SESSION 4: ELECTRONIC IMAGING SYSTEMS

J. Snels

Performance Characteristics of Electronic ImagingSystems and Their Use for Image Quality ofPhotographic Materials 633

W. Krybus, J. Schulze-ClewingA CCD Camera With Digital Post-Processing 634

A. J. P. TheuwissenThe Accordion Imager 638

H. Bottcher, T. Fritz, P. SiiptitzPreparation of Color Filter Arrays for SolidState Detectors 639

H. Fuchsberger, K. Birgmeir, W. Ruf, E. WagensonnerArchitecture of a Digital Scanner Printer Systemfor Color Images 644

B. Hill

Optical Hard Copy Devices 649

E. L. Harder - -

Electronic Image Recording With a Laser Diode Imager. . .656

F. M. Librecht

A Viable Alternative for Lasers in Electronic Printing. . 658

Th. Wendler

Interactive Displays for Professional Image Evaluation..

662

R. Gloss

Problems of Still Recording Using MagneticStorage Media 663

D. Meyer-EbrechtPACS; Digital Systems for Professional Mass

Picture Processing 664

XV

SESSION 5: COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS, IMAGE QUALITY

M. R. V. Sahyun, P. J. VogelgesangA Comparison of Image Recording Technolgies 673

I. Chudacek

The Quantitatie Evaluation of Image Quality 674

Y. Miyake, W. Naing, N. Abe, S. Kubo

Measurement and Evaluation of the Sharpnessfor Digitized Images. 679

H. Kanamori, M. Matsumoto

Information Spectrum for the Evaluation of Image

Formation System Performance 684

L. Alaerts, W. Van Landeghem, P. De Maayer

Multilayered Structuring of X-Ray Intensifying Screens

and its Implication on Image-Quality Performance 689

D. Hoeschen, A. Stargardt, W. Mirandfe

Imaging With Screen-Film Systems 690

J. Pelzl, R. K. Grygier, H. Coufal

Nondestructive Depth Profile of Color Reversal

Film by Photothermal Techniques 695

P. Broadhead, C. E. HymersThe Relation Between the Granularity of Dye or Silver

Images and the Covering Power of the Developed Silver . . 696

E. F. Haugh, W. A. Houle

Image Composition and Speed 700

H. T. Buschmann, J. PlamperA Comparison of Image Quality for Prints of

Color Negative and Reversal Films 704

R. Kaarli, A. Rebane, K. Rebane, P. Saari

Spectrally Highly Selective Photosensitive Materials

and Their Application in Picosecond HolographicMoving Pictures 709

Y. Uchida

The Coexisting Possibility of Photographic and

Electronic Imaging 713

N. Diete, G. Voss, U. Zeth

Improvement of the Image Quality of Aerial-PhotographsThrough Forward Motion Compensation 714

D. Lorenz

Synthetic Stereosopic Weather Satellite Images: An

Example for the Supplementary Function of Electronic

and Photochemical Systems ........720

J.-A. Keller

High Definition Television and Video Tape vs.

Colour Cine-Film 726

Author Index 729

XVI