Programming Languages

Dr. Philip Cannata 1

Programming Languages

Prolog Part 3

SQL & Prolog


Good question from a student: what does the following mean?

married (mrAstor, mrsAstor).

Cross Product of mrAstor, mrsAstor, mrBlake, mrsBlake, mrCrane, mrsCrane, mrDavis, mrsDavis

(mrAstor, mrAstor) (mrAstor, mrsAstor) (mrsAstor, mrAstor) (mrsAstor, MrsAstor) (mrAstor, mrBlake) (mrAstor, mrsBlake) (mrsAstor, mrBlake) (mrsAstor, MrsBlake) (mrAstor, mrCrane) (mrAstor, mrsCrane) (mrsAstor, mrCrane) (mrsAstor, MrsCrane) (mrAstor, mrDavis) (mrAstor, mrsDavis) (mrsAstor, mrDavis) (mrsAstor, MrsDavis)

(mrBlake, mrAstor) (mrBlake, mrsAstor) (mrsBlake, mrAstor) (mrsBlake, MrsAstor) (mrBlake, mrBlake) (mrBlake, mrsBlake) (mrsBlake, mrBlake) (mrsBlake, MrsBlake) (mrBlake, mrCrane) (mrBlake, mrsCrane) (mrsBlake, mrCrane) (mrsBlake, MrsCrane) (mrBlake, mrDavis) (mrBlake, mrsDavis) (mrsBlake, mrDavis) (mrsBlake, MrsDavis)

(mrCrane, mrAstor) (mrCrane, mrsAstor) (mrsCrane, mrAstor) (mrsCrane, MrsAstor) (mrCrane, mrBlake) (mrCrane, mrsBlake) (mrsCrane, mrBlake) (mrsCrane, MrsBlake) (mrCrane, mrCrane) (mrCrane, mrsCrane) (mrsCrane, mrCrane) (mrsCrane, MrsCrane) (mrCrane, mrDavis) (mrCrane, mrsDavis) (mrsCrane, mrDavis) (mrsCrane, MrsDavis)

(mrDavis, mrAstor) (mrDavis, mrsAstor) (mrsDavis, mrAstor) (mrsDavis, MrsAstor) (mrDavis, mrBlake) (mrDavis, mrsBlake) (mrsDavis, mrBlake) (mrsDavis, MrsBlake) (mrDavis, mrCrane) (mrDavis, mrsCrane) (mrsDavis, mrCrane) (mrsDavis, MrsCrane) (mrDavis, mrDavis) (mrDavis, mrsDavis) (mrsDavis, mrDavis) (mrsDavis, MrsDavis)


Good question from last class. What does the following mean?

married (mrAstor, mrsAstor).

married subset (Relation) of Cross Product of mrAstor, mrsAstor, mrBlake, mrsBlake, mrCrane, mrsCrane, mrDavis, mrsDavis

(mrAstor, mrAstor) (mrAstor, mrsAstor) (mrsAstor, mrAstor) (mrsAstor, MrsAstor) (mrAstor, mrBlake) (mrAstor, mrsBlake) (mrsAstor, mrBlake) (mrsAstor, MrsBlake) (mrAstor, mrCrane) (mrAstor, mrsCrane) (mrsAstor, mrCrane) (mrsAstor, MrsCrane) (mrAstor, mrDavis) (mrAstor, mrsDavis) (mrsAstor, mrDavis) (mrsAstor, MrsDavis)

(mrBlake, mrAstor) (mrBlake, mrsAstor) (mrsBlake, mrAstor) (mrsBlake, MrsAstor) (mrBlake, mrBlake) (mrBlake, mrsBlake) (mrsBlake, mrBlake) (mrsBlake, MrsBlake) (mrBlake, mrCrane) (mrBlake, mrsCrane) (mrsBlake, mrCrane) (mrsBlake, MrsCrane) (mrBlake, mrDavis) (mrBlake, mrsDavis) (mrsBlake, mrDavis) (mrsBlake, MrsDavis)

(mrCrane, mrAstor) (mrCrane, mrsAstor) (mrsCrane, mrAstor) (mrsCrane, MrsAstor) (mrCrane, mrBlake) (mrCrane, mrsBlake) (mrsCrane, mrBlake) (mrsCrane, MrsBlake) (mrCrane, mrCrane) (mrCrane, mrsCrane) (mrsCrane, mrCrane) (mrsCrane, MrsCrane) (mrCrane, mrDavis) (mrCrane, mrsDavis) (mrsCrane, mrDavis) (mrsCrane, MrsDavis)

(mrDavis, mrAstor) (mrDavis, mrsAstor) (mrsDavis, mrAstor) (mrsDavis, MrsAstor) (mrDavis, mrBlake) (mrDavis, mrsBlake) (mrsDavis, mrBlake) (mrsDavis, MrsBlake) (mrDavis, mrCrane) (mrDavis, mrsCrane) (mrsDavis, mrCrane) (mrsDavis, MrsCrane) (mrDavis, mrDavis) (mrDavis, mrsDavis) (mrsDavis, mrDavis) (mrsDavis, MrsDavis)


Standard Oracle emp / dept Database


Oracle Sqldeveper

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/sql-developer/downloads/index.html


Oracle Sqldeveper


Oracle Sqldeveper

Cut and Paste this into here and press


Oracle Sqldeveper


Oracle Sqldeveper

This database is for this book. But, the book is old and assumes

you’re using sqlplus not sqldeveloper. So, ignore all of the formatting examples in the

book and just do the sql.


emp(7839, king, president, 0, 17-nov-81, 5000, 0, 10).emp(7698, blake, manager, 7839, 01-may-81, 2850, 0, 30).emp(7782, clark, manager, 7839, 09-jun-81, 2450, 0, 10).emp(7566, jones, manager, 7839, 02-apr-81, 2975, 0, 20).emp(7788, scott, analyst, 7566, 09-dec-82, 3000, 0, 20).emp(7902, ford, analyst, 7566, 03-dec-81, 3000, 0, 20).emp(7369, smith, clerk, 7902, 17-dec-80, 800, 0, 20).emp(7499, allen, salesman, 7698, 20-feb-81, 1600, 300, 30).emp(7521, ward, salesman, 7698, 22-feb-81, 1250, 500, 30).emp(7654, martin, salesman, 7698, 28-sep-81, 1250, 1400, 30).emp(7844, turner, salesman, 7698, 08-sep-81, 1500, 0, 30).emp(7876, adams, clerk, 7788, 12-jan-83, 1100, 0, 20).emp(7900, james, clerk, 7698, 03-dec-81, 950, 0, 30).emp(7934, miller, clerk, 7782, 23-jan-82, 1300, 0, 10).

dept(10, accounting, new_york).dept(20, research, dallas).dept(30, sales, chicago).dept(40, operations, boston).

select 'emp(' || empno || ', ' || lower(ename) || ', ' || lower(job) || ', ' || nvl(mgr, 0) || ', ' || lower(hiredate) || ', ' || sal || ', ' || nvl(comm, 0) || ', ' || deptno || ').' from emp

select 'dept(' || deptno || ', ' || lower(dname) || ', ' || lower(loc) || ').' from dept

emp / dept Database in Prolog


Haskell> [(empno, ename, job, sal, deptno) | (empno, ename, job, _, _, sal, deptno) <- emp]

| ?- emp(Empno, Ename, Job, _, _, Sal, _, Deptno).

Deptno = 10Empno = 7839Ename = kingJob = presidentSal = 5000 ? ;

Deptno = 30Empno = 7698Ename = blakeJob = managerSal = 2850 ?

. . .



Haskell> [(empno, ename, job, sal, deptno) | (empno, ename, job, _, _, sal, deptno) <- emp, deptno == 10]

| ?- emp(Empno, Ename, Job, _, _, Sal, _, 10).

Empno = 7839Ename = kingJob = presidentSal = 5000 ? ;

Empno = 7782Ename = clarkJob = managerSal = 2450 ? ;

Empno = 7934Ename = millerJob = clerkSal = 1300

yes| ?-



Main> [(empno, ename, job, sal, dname) | (empno, ename, job, _, _, sal, edeptno) <- emp, (deptno, dname, loc) <- dept , edeptno == deptno ]

| ?- emp(Empno, Ename, Job, _, _, Sal, _, D), dept(D, Dname, _).

D = 10Dname = accountingEmpno = 7839Ename = kingJob = presidentSal = 5000 ? ;

D = 30Dname = salesEmpno = 7698Ename = blakeJob = managerSal = 2850 ? ;

D = 10Dname = accountingEmpno = 7782Ename = clarkJob = managerSal = 2450 ?



ename(7839, king).ename(7698, blake).ename(7782, clark).ename(7566, jones).ename(7788, scott).ename(7902, ford).ename(7369, smith).ename(7499, allen).ename(7521, ward).ename(7654, martin).ename(7844, turner).ename(7876, adams).ename(7900, james).ename(7934, miller).

job(7839, president).job(7698, manager).job(7782, manager).job(7566, manager).job(7788, analyst).job(7902, analyst).job(7369, clerk).job(7499, salesman).job(7521, salesman).job(7654, salesman).job(7844, salesman).job(7876, clerk).job(7900, clerk).job(7934, clerk).

hiredate(7839, 17-nov-81).hiredate(7698, 01-may-81).hiredate(7782, 09-jun-81).hiredate(7566, 02-apr-81).hiredate(7788, 09-dec-82).hiredate(7902, 03-dec-81).hiredate(7369, 17-dec-80).hiredate(7499, 20-feb-81).hiredate(7521, 22-feb-81).hiredate(7654, 28-sep-81).hiredate(7844, 08-sep-81).hiredate(7876, 12-jan-83).hiredate(7900, 03-dec-81).hiredate(7934, 23-jan-82).

salary(7839, 5000).salary(7698, 2850).salary(7782, 2450).salary(7566, 2975).salary(7788, 3000).salary(7902, 3000).salary(7369, 800).salary(7499, 1600).salary(7521, 1250).salary(7654, 1250).salary(7844, 1500).salary(7876, 1100).salary(7900, 950).salary(7934, 1300).

mgr(7839, 0).mgr(7698, 7839).mgr(7782, 7839).mgr(7566, 7839).mgr(7788, 7566).mgr(7902, 7566).mgr(7369, 7902).mgr(7499, 7698).mgr(7521, 7698).mgr(7654, 7698).mgr(7844, 7698).mgr(7876, 7788).mgr(7900, 7698).mgr(7934, 7782).

deptno(7839, 10).deptno(7698, 30).deptno(7782, 10).deptno(7566, 20).deptno(7788, 20).deptno(7902, 20).deptno(7369, 20).deptno(7499, 30).deptno(7521, 30).deptno(7654, 30).deptno(7844, 30).deptno(7876, 20).deptno(7900, 30).deptno(7934, 10).

emp / dept Database in Prolog as Binary Relations (Triple Store)


Haskell> [(empno, ename, job, sal, deptno) |(x0, empno) <- empno, (x1, ename) <- ename, (x2, job) <- job, (x3, sal) <- sal, (x4, deptno) <- deptno, x0 == x1 && x1 == x2 && x2 == x3 && x3 == x4]

| ?- ename(E, Ename), job(E, Job), salary(E, Salary), deptno(E, Deptno).

Deptno = 10E = 7839Ename = kingJob = presidentSalary = 5000 ? ;

Deptno = 30E = 7698Ename = blakeJob = managerSalary = 2850 ? ;

Deptno = 10E = 7782Ename = clarkJob = managerSalary = 2450 ?

emp / dept Database in Prolog as Binary Relations (Triple Store)


name = [ (7839, "KING"), (7698, "BLAKE"), (7782, "CLARK"), (7566, "JONES"), (7788, "SCOTT"), (7902, "FORD"), (7369, "SMITH"), (7499, "ALLEN"), (7521, "WARD"), (7654, "MARTIN"), (7844, "TURNER"), (7876, "ADAMS"), (7900, "JAMES"), (7934, "MILLER") ]

name(7839, KING).name(7698, BLAKE).name(7782, CLARK).name(7566, JONES).name(7788, SCOTT).name(7902, FORD).name(7369, SMITH).name(7499, ALLEN).name(7521, WARD).name(7654, MARTIN).name(7844, TURNER).name(7876, ADAMS).name(7900, JAMES).name(7934, MILLER).

(7839, name, KING)(7698, name, BLAKE)(7782, name, CLARK)(7566, name, JONES)(7788, name, SCOTT)(7902, name, FORD)(7369, name, SMITH)(7499, name, ALLEN)(7521, name, WARD)(7654, name, MARTIN)(7844, name, TURNER)(7876, name, ADAMS)(7900, name, JAMES)(7934, name, MILLER)

These are all the same relation

Haskell Prolog RDF *

* seeAlso called Predicates

( Predicate Logic – the science of correct thinking. )

Also called a triple store.

Also a form of a graph.

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