Programming in C - 01 - Introduction.pdf

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Programming Intr

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Why Learn C?

Skills translate smoothly to other languages

• Many languages are based on C concepts and syn

It’s been in wide spread use for decades

• Lots of existing code is written in C

• Chances of seeing C code in a software developmecareer is very high

Relatively low level• Learning C makes more advanced languages easie

understand

• Starting at the Object Oriented (OO) level does notexpose programmers to many aspects of programm



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What is C?

Programming language originally written for

Developed in the early 1970s by Bell Labs Main focus was for System Software develop

• Operating Systems

• Drivers

Designed to be portable



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What is C?

Some languages related to C

• C++• Objective C

• Perl

• TCL

• Java• JavaScript

• PHP

• C#



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Compare C to Other Modern Languages

C++

Objective C C#

Java





C++

Objective C C#

Java




What is C?

C is a “Compiled Language”

• Code must be converted to machine code to e• Very speedy execution




What is C?

K & R C• First implementation of the language

Documented in 1978

ANSI C• Most common form of the language

Documented in 1983

• Standardized version of the early C language

C99• Next C standard

Documented in 1995

• Adds a few other additional functionalities to the language Ex: Boolean data types, variable length arrays, better hardware usage

C1X• Future C standard

Proposed in 2007



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Elements of C

Program flow

• External imports Read code file written in C or another language

Use already compiled code

• Functions

Allows for code modularity

Maximizes reusability



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Elements of C

Data Types• Primitive

Basic data types• Ex: Integer, Floating-point, Character, etc…

• Composite Data types that are made of other data types

• Ex: Structures

• Static Variables that maintain their value during program exec

• Pointers Access to memory locations that data is stored

• Arrays Lists of elements

El f C



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Elements of C

Processing

• Operators Performs arithmetic or Boolean logical expressio

• Comparisons

Allows different types of expressions to be evalu

dictate process flow

El t f C



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Elements of C

Control Structures

• Decision Statements Gives the program the ability to make choices ba

logical expressions

• Loops

Traverse through iterations of a processes on a g

dynamic interval

El t f C



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Elements of C

Data Structures

• Stacks

Method of programming where elements that arrive last are u

• Queues

Method of programming where elements that arrive first are u

• Enumerations (Enums)

A set of integer constants

• Structures (Structs) A set of variable values (Fields) that consist of different types

• Unions

A set of variable values (Members) occupying the same stora

El t f C



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Elements of C

Memory Allocation

• Allocate Designate dynamic memory

• Reallocate

Reuse previously used memory for a new purpos

• Free

Handing newly available space back over to the

operating system

O W ki E i t



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Our Working Environment

Technique

• Minimalist

No IDE, simple text editor and compiler

Operating System

• Microsoft Windows

Compiler

• MinGW (Minimalist GNU for Windows)

Windows port of GNU GCC

Text Editor

• Notepad++



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Programming

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Programming in C - 01 - Introduction.pdf

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