PROGRAMME & ABSTRACT BOOK - asean-erc.com 2019_Programme and Abstract Book.pdfORAL PRESENTATION...

PROGRAMME & ABSTRACT BOOK

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Sunway University Level 1 Floor plan

LT 6

Gallery

Prefunction area (Foyer)

LT 7LT 5

LT 8

VIP Room

LiftLift

*LT 2, 4 & iLabs located on G floorBreakout sessions located on 6th floorDownload the Sunway MyCampus app for more details

JC1

Some Parallel workshops located on 6th floor

FR 3

JC2JC3

JC1

Gallery

Lunch is served in the Gallery Level 1 & Lunchbox at Level M

Some Parallel Workshops on Day 2 are located at Level 6

Chancellor Suite

(VIP room)

Day 1, 9th of December 2019Time Programme Venue

0630 Registration Begins Prefunction Area, Level 1

0800 Welcome RemarksDr. Elizabeth Lee, CEO Sunway Education Group & Advisor ASEAN ERC 2019

JC1

0900 Keynote Address 1Prof. Jane Clarke, Wolfson College, University of Cambridge

JC1

0930 Plenary Forum: Role of Science Advice in a Post-Truth WorldChair: Dr. Mohd Nor Azman Bin Hassan, Deputy Secretary General, Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change, MalaysiaDistinguished Panellist: Datuk Ir. Dr. Siti Hamisah binti Tapsir, Secretary General, Ministry of Energy,

Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change, Malaysia Dr. Pathom Sawanpanyalert, Deputy Permanent Secretary Ministry of Higher

Education, Science research and Innovation, Thailand Elaine Tan, Executive Director, ASEAN Foundation, Indonesia Dr. Susanne Rentzow-Vasu, European Project Manager, EURAXESS ASEAN Dr. Glenn Banaguas, Executive Director, Environmental and Climate Change

Research Institute, De La Salle Araneta University, Philippines Barry Clarke, FRSA, Managing Director, Taylor & Francis Asia Pacific, Singapore

JC1

1030 Coffee Break Prefunction Area, LT5, LT8

1045 Breakout Session 1Plenary & Oral Presentations: 1) Biodiversity and Sustainability – LT52) Medicine, Health and Wellbeing – JC33) Smart Cities, Industry, Engineering and Infrastructure – LT74) Social Sciences and Humanities – LT 65) Energy Transition – FR36) Food Sustainability – LT8

JC3, LT5, LT6, LT7, LT8, FR3

1200 Lunch & Oral Highlights Presentations Gallery, Level 1 & Lunch

Box, Level M1400 Breakout Session 2

Plenary & Oral Presentations:1) Biodiversity and Sustainability – LT52) Medicine, Health and Wellbeing – JC33) Smart Cities, Industry, Engineering and Infrastructure – LT74) Social Sciences and Humanities – LT 65) Energy Transition – FR36) Food Sustainability – LT8

Group Discussions & Concurrent Coffee BreakConstructive Alignment towards ASEAN Plan of Action on STI 2016-2025

JC3, LT5, LT6, LT7, LT8, FR3

1700 ASEAN-YSN Leadership Icon Award & Lecture: Research: What is ASEAN’s Moonshot?Prof. Datuk Dr. Asma Ismail FASc., President, Academy of Sciences Malaysia

JC1

1800 Conference Gala Dinner*: Formal Hall in the tradition of the University of Cambridge

Cocktail Reception

Formal Hall Guest of Honour & Royal Address: Yang Amat Mulia Tunku Besar Seri Menanti, TunkuAli Redhauddin ibni Tuanku Muhriz

*for those who registered and paid

PrefunctionArea & Gallery

Day 2, 10th of December 2019Time Programme Venue

0830 Spotlight: For Women in Science: Zaireen Ibrahim, Director, Corporate

Communications, L'Oreal Malaysia

Plenary Forum: Fostering an Inclusive & Future-Focussed ASEAN Ecosystem

Chair: Prof. Dr. Abhi Veerakumarasivam, Co-Chair, ASEAN YSN and Professor of

Genetics, Sunway University

Dr. Elizabeth Lee, CEO Sunway Education Group & Advisor ASEAN ERC 2019 Prof. Dr. Jane Clarke, Master, Wolfson College, University of Cambridge Dr. Jenny Lind Elmaco, Chair, Southeast Asia Chapter, Marie Curie Alumni

Association Dina Murad, Local English Language Journalist, Malaysia Geoff Smith, President, International Life Sciences Institute South East Region Ibz Mo, Social Influencer & Alumnus, University of Cambridge

JC1

1030 Coffee Break & Oral Highlights Presentations Prefunction

Area

1130 ASEAN-Jeffrey Cheah Lecture: Building a Future Focussed & Sustainable Regional

Research Ecosystem

Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Dr. Jeffrey Cheah AO, Founder and Chairman, Sunway Group

JC1

1215 Lunch & Oral Highlights Presentation Gallery,

Level 1 &

Lunch Box,

Level M

1330 Parallel Workshops:

1. Malaysia Science Communication Network: Effective Science Communication

2. INGSA Asia: Science Advice

3. EURAXESS: Grant Proposal Writing

4. Taylor & Francis Asia Pacific: Academic Publishing

5. YSN-ASM: Popular Science Writing in the Malay Language

6. iLabs Sunway: Science Entrepreneurship

7. ASEAN RCR Project: Responsible Conduct of Research

8. NSTDA: Intellectual Property Management

9. Prof. Dr. Jane Clarke: Professional Career Development

10. Ibz Mo: Being an Influencer on Social Media

UC6-1

UC6-2

LT5

LT6

UC6-3

iLabs

UC6-4

LT7

LT8

UC6-5

1530 Breakout Session 3

Plenary & Oral Presentations:

1) Biodiversity and Sustainability – LT5

2) Medicine, Health and Wellbeing – JC3

3) Smart Cities, Industry, Engineering and Infrastructure – LT7

4) Social Sciences and Humanities – LT 6

5) Energy Transition – FR3

6) Food Sustainability – LT8

JC3, LT5,

LT6, LT7,

LT8, FR3

1630 Three-Minute Science Communication Competition JC1

1700 Closing Address & Awards JC1

1730 Networking Session & Coffee Prefunction

Area

ORAL PRESENTATION SCHEDULE

Oral Presentation Session 1: 9th of December (1045 – 1200)

Theme: Smart Cities, Industry, Engineering and InfrastructureVenue: Lecture Theater 7 (LT7)Session Chair: Lee Wen Yao, University of Cambridge

Plenary Speakers:Denny KS Ng, Heriot-Watt UniversityA Systematic Approach For Synthesis And Optimisation Of Sustainable Oil Palm Value Chain (OPVC)

Muhamad Ikhlasul Amal, Indonesian Institute of SciencesRegional Collaborative Framework For Development Of Innovation System In Indonesia

Oral presenters:Nor Eliani bt Ezani, Universiti Putra MalaysiaVehicle Idling Emissions: Are School Children at a Greater Risk?

Aguila Divorah Vinluan, Food and Nutrition Research Institute Bringing Philippine Food And Nutrition Information And Service To Everyone In Just A Click Of The Finger Through Ifnri: The Potentials Of Industry 4.0 To Inform, Educate And Serve

Edi Kurniawan, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Iterative Learning And Repetitive Control Algorithms For Functional Electrical Stimulation Control

Theme: Medicine, Health and WellbeingVenue: JC 3Session Chair: Ainul Nadhirah Hanafiah, University of East London

Plenary Speakers:Mai Chun-Wai, International Medical UniversityUncover The Hidden Potential Through Collaborative Drug Discovery (CDD) Programme

Oral presenters:Renerio Cordova, Department of Health of the Republic of the Philippines An Exploratory Analysis Of The Philippine Department Of Health’s Electronic Medical Record System (Iclinicsys)

Ritambhara, University of Allahabad Pharmacogenomics And Clinical Response Of Carboplatin Based Chemotherapy And Its Association To Genetic Polymorphism In Lung Cancer Patients

Elizalde Bana, Silliman University Medical School Seal And Heal Ointment: Effects Of Cryopreserved And Lyophilized Amniotic Fluid & Membrane (AFM) Ointment On The Wound Healing Process In Sprague Dawley Rat

Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh, Universiti Sains Malaysia Synergistic Effects Of Nanomedicine Targeting TNFR2 And DNA Demethylation Inhibitor: An Opportunity For Cancer Treatment



Theme: Food SustainabilityVenue: Lecture Theater 8 (LT8)Session Chair: Chai Lay Ching, University of Malaya

Plenary Speakers:Kim Young Jun, Korea UniversityStrategic Design of Bench top Research to the Market in the Field of Food Science & Technology

Oral presenters:Lim Seng Joe, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Functional Food: Value-Adding Food Research

Tan Reasmey, Institute of Technology of Cambodia Development Of Roasted Sacha Inchi Nuts With Different Tastes

Siti Azhani Amran, Universiti Sains Malaysia Sensory Acceptability Of Beverage Developed From Cornsilk (Zea Mays Hairs)

Theme: Biodiversity and SustainabilityVenue: Lecture Theater 5 (LT5)Session Chair: Gopalasamy Reuben Clements, Sunway University

Plenary Speakers:Chen Jit Ern, Sunway UniversityThe Genetic Intractability of the Coral Endosymbiont/zooxanthellae to Algal Transformation Methods

Oral presenters:Juan Miguel Esporlas, University of Santo Tomas Rice Straw Derived Biochar for Carbon Dioxide Capture :A Study on the Effect of Pyrolysis Conditions on the CO2

Adsorption Capacity

Goh Hong Ching, University of Malaya Blue Communities - An Interdisciplinary Marine Research Capacity Building Project In Southeast Asia; A Sharing Of Malaysian Experience

Teoh Wen Hui, University of MalayaProviding Sustainable Sanitation In Kampung Sungai Jang, Selangor: Barriers And Strategies



Theme: Social Sciences and HumanitiesVenue: Lecture Theater 6 (LT6)Session Chair: Phan Chia Wei, University of Malaya

Plenary Speakers:Dr Yong Min Hooi, Sunway UnivesityThe Effects Of Adult Aging And Culture On Theory Of Mind

Oral presenters:Geshina Ayu Mat Saat, Universiti Sains Malaysia Psychological And Criminological Profile Of Commercial Crime Offenders: A Qualitative Study Among Malaysian Police And Prison Officers

Lisa Winstanley, Nanyang Technological University The Tridea Project: Towards An Ethics Of Co-creation

Emmanuel Tsekleves, Lancaster University Citizen Designers In Participatory Policy-making: A Case Of Protopolicy In Malaysia

Theme: Energy TransitionVenue: Function Room 3 Session Chair: Kamparnat Silva, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC)

Plenary Speakers:Nuwong Chollacoop, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC)Development Of ASEAN Fuel Economy Roadmap From Thailand CO2-Based Excise Tax Policy

Ei Ei Htwe, Mandalay Technological UniversityBiomass Utilization In Non- Electrified Area

Oral presenters:Nik Azmi Nik Mahmood, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Preliminary Studies On Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Monitoring Using A Single Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell

Sounthisack Phommachanh, National University of Laos Application Of Microbubble Technology In Biogas Purification



Theme: Smart Cities, Industry, Engineering and InfrastructureVenue: Lecture Theater 7 (LT7)Session Chair: Denny KS Ng, Heriot-Watt University

Plenary Speakers:Wen Yao Lee, University of CambridgePhysics-based Part Orientation And Sentencing: A Solution To Manufacturing Variability

Sasitorn Srisawadi, National Metal and Materials Technology CenterChallenges In Fabrication Of Metal Matrix Composite By Additive Manufacturing

Rosdiadee Nordin, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaPushing The Limits Of Aerial Wireless Communications For The Internet Of Cow

Oral presenters:Yin Jou Khong, University of Cambridge Novel Bipolar Thin Film Heterojunction Diode Using Cuprous Oxide And Amorphous Zinc-tin Oxide For Large Area Electronics

Zamir Aimaduddin Zulkefli, Universiti Putra Malaysia The Impact Of Noise From Rail-based Mass Rapid Transit System On Property Prices In The Klang Valley

Zar Zar Wint, Mandalay Technological University ICT Based Gamification In Education

Mary Donnabelle Balela, University of the Philippines Towards Sustainable Development Of Optoelectronic Devices

Intan Nadia Ghulam Khan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia The Legal Framework On 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) In Malaysia



Theme: Medicine, Health and WellbeingVenue: JC 3Session Chair: Mai Chun Wai, International Medical University

Plenary Speakers:Ainul Nadhirah Hanafiah, University of East LondonGroup Antenatal Care For Women Of Mixed Obstetric Risk And Linguistic Diversity

Tee Kok Keng, University of MalayaGenomic Epidemiology, Evolutionary Dynamics And Transmission Network Of Rapidly Evolving Viruses

Oral presenters:Walter Aaron Wong, Universiti Putra Malaysia Isolation Of Antimicrobial Compounds From Bacterial Endophytes To Target Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Daniel Salunga, University of the Philippines Manila Evaluating A Nutrition Monitoring And Evaluation Activity In The Philippines: Findings of A Mixed Methods Research On Operation Timbang Plus

Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri, Universiti Putra Malaysia The Influence Of Maternal Psychological State On Breast Milk Composition And Infant Well-being: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Nur Aina Afrina Abdul Razak, Universiti Putra Malaysia The Associations Of Mother-infant Factors With Cognitive Performance Among Malaysian Children Aged 2 To 4 Years.

Kenneth Jim Joseph Jimeno, De La Salle UniversitySchool-based Nutrition In The Philippines: Perspectives of The Education And Health Sectors

Pierangeli Vital, University of the Philippines Diliman Bacterial Bioaerosol in the Indoor and Outdoor Air of Selected Urban and Rural Primary Schools in the Philippines

Theme: Food SustainabilityVenue: Lecture Theater 8 (LT8)Session Chair: Tan Yee Shin, University of Malaya

Plenary Speakers:Chai Lay Ching, University of MalayaSustainability and Food Safety: Transition from Reactive to Preventive Food Safety Risk Management

Geoff Smith, International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI)Sustainable Food Systems and the Future of Food

Oral presenters:Wan Iryani Wan Ismail, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Sweet Food for Sweet Life



Theme: Biodiversity and SustainabilityVenue: Lecture Theater 5 (LT5)Session Chair: Chen Jit Ern, Sunway University

Plenary Speakers:Gopalasamy Reuben Clements, Sunway UniversityKenyir For Life: Developing Sustainable Financing Mechanisms To Manage And Protect 100,000 Hectares Of Rainforest In Terengganu, Malaysia

Oral presenters:Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Fungal Spore As The Latest Greatest Threat To Endangered Green Turtle (Chelonia Mydas)

Afiqah Mizan, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Nest Tree Selection Of Northeast Bornean Orangutan In Rehabilitated Forest In Sabah, Malaysia

Bryan Raveen Nelson, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Harvested But, Through Responsible Consumption

Rossyda Priyadarshini, University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur Soil Microbiome Metagenomic Profile Changes Associated To Agricultural Land Use



Theme: Social Sciences and HumanitiesVenue: Lecture Theater 6 (LT6)Session Chair: Agustinus Hermino, Sari Mulia University Indonesia

Oral presenters:Yong Adilah Shamsul Harumain, University of Malaya Understanding Factors Of Using Public Transportation Among Women In Kuala Lumpur

Fitaha Aini, University of Leicester De-energising Alternative Media: The Endangerment Of The Key Agent Without Purpose

Suhaini Muda, Universiti Utara Malaysia Programmes As Sustaining Collaborative Partnership Efforts

Richard Deanne Sagun, Ateneo de Manila University Affordances Of Online Self-assessment And Metacognitive Reflection In High School Physics.

Mohammad Rokib, University of Frankfurt, GermanyDigital Literature: Current State Of Research In Indonesia

Lim Meng Zhen, Sunway University Factors Related To Intention To Stop Pornography Viewing Among Malaysian Youths

Theme: Energy TransitionVenue: Function Room 3 Session Chair: Ei Ei Htwe, Mandalay Technological University

Plenary Speakers:Kampanart Silva, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC)Introducing Resilience Metrics To Conventional Consequence Assessments: A Case Study On Nuclear Accident Consequence Assessment

Worajit Setthapun, Chiang Mai Rajabhat UniversityDirect And Indirect Energy Data Monitoring System For Smart Community

Oral presenters:John Marco Marañon, Saint Louis University The Utilization Of Used Water: Water That Has Been Put Through A Primary Function, To Generate Electricity In A Micro Scale Hydropower Unit

Muhammad Makky, ASEAN Foundation Energy For Mobility In Indonesia: Is Indonesia Ready For Electric Vehicles?



Theme: Smart Cities, Industry, Engineering and InfrastructureVenue: Lecture Theater 7 (LT7)Session Chair: Rosdiadee Nordin, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Plenary Speakers:Michael Angelo B. Promentilla, De La Salle University Getting In The Loop: From Waste Management To Circular Economy

Wibool Piyawattanametha, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand MEMS Based Multi-spectral Dual-axis Confocal Microendoscope For Clinical Applications

Oral presenters:Ng Poh Kiat, Multimedia University An Adaptation Of TRIZ For Problem-solving In Engineering Education

Ahmad Fareed Ismail, Universiti Putra Malaysia Exploring The Diffusion Of Food Tourism Promotions Through ASEAN Destination Of Marketing Organizations (DMOS) Official Websites and Social Media Applications

Charis Achmad Tajuddin, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Techno Economic Study of Chemical Zinc Oxide Synthesis from Zinc Dross Waste

Theme: Medicine, Health and WellbeingVenue: JC 3Session Chair: Cindy Teh Shuan Ju, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia

Plenary Speakers:Tran Quang Huy, Phenikaa University Nano-based Diagnosticsa and Drug Delivery

Chan Soon Choy, Perdana University The Potential Of Homeobox Genes As Biomarker For Bladder Cancer

Oral presenters:Harvy Joy Liwanag, Department of Health of the Republic of the Philippines Is The Health System Stronger When Localities Decide For Themselves? Lessons From Devolution Of Health Services In The Philippines

Theme: Food SustainabilityVenue: Lecture Theater 8 (LT8)Session Chair: Wan Iryani Wan Ismail, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

Oral presenters:Lee Hui Key, Universiti Malaya A Comparison Of Perceived Food Safety Knowledge And Real Food Safety Practices At Work Among The Food Handlers

Tan Yee Shin, Universiti Malaya Mushroom Poisoning In Malaysia: Challenges & Way Forward

Yang Wai Yew, International Medical University Parent-child Feeding Practices Among Malaysian Chinese Families In Klang Valley



Theme: Biodiversity and SustainabilityVenue: Lecture Theater 5 (LT5)Session Chair: Puan Chong Leong, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Oral presenters:Faizuan Abdullah, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Asian Mollusks Shells Waste As Renewable Source For The Production Of Biogenic Calcium Carbonate And Its Characterization

Nita Rukminasari, Hasanuddin University Effect Of Increasing CO2 Concentration On Absorption And Nutrient Removal Of Supra Intensive Pond Wastewater By Marine Microalgae Tetraselmis Chui

Maizah Mohd Abdullah, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu You Are What You Eat: Stable Isotope Analysis As A New Emerging Tool In Marine Research

Izan Jaafar, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Municipal Solid Waste Generation At Gong Badak Residential Area Kuala Terengganu

Theme: Social Sciences and Humanity Venue: Lecture Theater 6 (LT6)Session Chair: Chau De Ming, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Oral presenters:Mahalakshmi J, PSG College of Arts & Science Impact of AI In Educational Research

Munirah Ahmad Dahari, KPJ Healthcare University College The Effects Of Nature Sound In Open-plan Office on Cognitive Performance Of Employees.

Phan Chia Wei, University of Malaya Visualizing Yeast Research In Biopharmaceutical Sciences Using Bibliometric And Scientometric Approaches

Agustinus Hermino, Sari Mulia University Indonesia Peace Education In Primary Schools In The Central Highlands Of Papua, Indonesia



Theme: Energy TransitionVenue: Function Room 3 Session Moderator: (1) Worajit Setthapun, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University

(2) Kampanart Silva, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Thailand

Panel Discussion - "Young Scientist Leadership for Energy Translation toward SDG7 Affordable and Clean Energy"

Panelists: Muhammad Makky, Andalas University, IndonesiaAhmad Agus Setiawan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaSounthisack Phommachanh, National University of Laos, Laos PDRNofri Yenita Dahlan, Universiti Keknologi Mara, MalaysiaThein Min Htike, Yangon Technological University, MyanmarNuwong Chollacoop, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), ThailandDang Vu Tung, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam

Oral Highlight Presentation: 9th December 2019 (day 1)

ORAL HIGHLIGHTS

PRESENTATION SCHEDULE

Code Name Institute Abstract Title

OH1A Wasin VechgamaThailand Institute of Nuclear Technology

Approach For Use Of Hazard And Operability Analysis To Probabilistic Safety Assessment Of Thai Research Reactor-1/ Modification 1.

OH2A May Zin OoMandalay Technological University

Machine Learning Algorithms For Ddos Attack Classification In Software Defined Network

OH3A Thanda ShweMandalay Technological University

Enhancing Collaborative Fog Environment Through Fault Tolerance Scheme

OH4A Ahmad Afif AhmarofiUniversiti Malaysia Pahang

An Improved Momentum Rate In Artificial Neural Networks For Estimating Product Cycle Time At A Semiautomatic Production.

OH5A Masria Binti MustafaUniversiti TeknologiMalaysia

Commuting Accidents In Malaysia: The Trend And Intervention Status

OH6A Siti Syazwani Mohd SomUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Indoor Air Quality Exposures In Urban Child Day-care Centres

OH7ANorfaizadatul AkmaMohamad Maswan

Ucsi UniversityUrbanization And The Impact Towards Children In Malaysia: An Early Overview

OH8A Jhamella T. Rodriguez Saint Louis UniversityOrganic Fire Retardant From Banana Pseudostem-sap As Applied To Interior Lumber

OH9A Vidal Ap Saint Louis UniversityWaste Management: Levels Of Implementation And Satisfaction In Slu-lshs

OH10A Alyanna Sofia Saint Louis UniversityThe Effectiveness Of Hexagonal Steel Geogrid In Averting Soil Erosion In Baguio City

Smart Cities, Industry, Engineering and Infrastructure (Pitching session: 1200-1300)


OH58A Erna Husna Binti KanaUniversity Malaysia Sabah

Preliminary Study For Monitoring Heavy Metals In Food Products Based On Nanoparticles And Curcumin Extract.

OH59A Ng Yee VernUniversiti SainsMalaysia

Production Of Natural Sweetener From Overripe Banana And Utilization Of Its Residue In Developing Low GlycaemicIndex Chocolate Cookie

OH60ADedin FinatsiyatullRosida

UniversitasPembangunan NasionalVeteran Jawa TimurIndonesia

Study On Nutritional Value Of Flakes From Corn Flour And Modified Mas Banana Tuber (Musa Acuminata Colla) Flour

OH14A Tang Pei LingTunku Abdul RahmanUniversity College

Influence Of Cinnamon Bark And Twig Extracts On The Antioxidant Property Of Fermented Milk After In-vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

Food Sustainability (Pitching session: 1200-1300)


ORAL HIGHLIGHTS



OH53A Siti Aisyah ZulkefliUniversiti TeknologiMalaysia

Activated Carbon Particle Size Distribution, The Forgotten Cause For Supercapacitor Energy Storage.

OH54A Tanagorn KwammanThailand Institute of Nuclear Technology

Modification Of Carbon-based Li-s Battery Cathodes By Green Radiation Processing

OH55A Brandon Ng Universiti MalayaSynthesis Of Biodegradable Lubricant Base Oil Using Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

OH56ANurul Natasya MuhamadKhirudin

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Synthesis, Characterisation And Structural Studies Of Cerium(iii) And Praseodymium(iii) Based Metal Organic Frameworks (Mofs)

OH57AMohamad Shazwan Shah Jamil

Universiti TeknologiMalaysia

Simple Nmr Predictors Of Catalytic Hydrogenation Activity For [Rh(cod)cl(nhc)] Complexes Featuring Fluorinated NhcLigands

OH85A Mohd Saiful Asmal UkmA Novel Approach On Ionic Liquid-based Cellulose Derivative Biosourced Polymer Electrolytes Towards Safer Sodium-ion Batteries

Energy Transition (Pitching session: 1200-1300)

Biodiversity and Sustainability (Pitching session: 1200-1300)


OH61A Nurfarah AqilahForest Research Institute Malaysia

Assessing The Severity Of Patch Size And Perimeter Of Fragmented Forest By Using Web Based Spatial Analysis

OH62ANurul Nabihah MohamadIshak


Synthesis, Characterisations And Structural Study Of Triazole Containing Metal Organic Frameworks (Mofs)

OH63A Chan Yu BinUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman

Fatty Acid Profiling And Physicochemical Properties Of Crude And Refined Asian Seabass Liver Oil.

OH64A Azwani SahibuUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu

Fungal Diversity Associated With Symptomatic Mangrove Leaves, Sediment And Sesarmid Crabs

OH65A Syasya Najiihah Jee RoslyUniversity Malaysia Sabah

Preliminary Result Of Bornean Elephant (Elephas Maximus Borneensis) Feeding Ecology In Oil Palm Plantation. A Case Study In Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah.

OH66A Kaung KyawTechnological University (Kyaukse)

Catalytic Reduction Of Rhodamine B Using Silver Nanoparticles Immobilized On Eggshell Membrane

OH67A Nur Auni Aqilah AzhairUitm Cawangan NegeriSembilan

Comparison Of Birds Diversity Of Uitm Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus With Previous Data Due To Occurrence Of Anthropogenic Effect Nearby

OH68A Mazlita Yahya University Malaya (Um)Nanocellulose: Synthesis And Applications In Colloids And Interfaces

OH69A Azlini RazaliUniversiti Putra Malaysia

The Effects Of Pesticide And Agrochemical Use On Highland Agricultural Areas To River Water Quality And Human Health

OH70A Nor Jasmin HussinUniversiti TeknologiMARA

Morphological And Meristical Study On Rice Bugs Leptocorisa Oratorius (Fabricius, 1764) At The Paddy Fields In Kuala Pilah And Bahau


ORAL HIGHLIGHTS




OH71AUmi Raihana Abdul Rahman


Intertidal Spatial Surface Water Physicochemical Properties And Heavy Metals Assessment In A Tropical River Estuary

OH72A Anurita SelvarajooNottingham University Malaysia Campus

Biochar From Biomass For Potential Applications

OH73A Nur Azlin AzhariKolej Komuniti Selandar, Melaka

Understanding Of Silicon Nutrient Applications In Controlling Fusarium Fruit Rot Disease Of Melon (CucumisMelo L.) Cv. Glamour

OH74ASharifah NorkhadijahSyed Ismail


Heavy Metals In The Estuarine Water, Sediment And Aquatic Biota And Its Potential Health Risk

OH75A Malinna JusohUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu

Bioprospecting Of High Lipid And Carotenoid Microalgae From Peninsular Malaysia

OH76AWan Nur Wanida Wan Saimi

Advanced Medical And Dental Institute

The Response Of Root Growth Of Rice (Oryza Sativa) On Trichoderma Asperellum Sl2 Inoculation.

OH77A Anto Tri Sugiarto Not Registered Organic Oxidation By Plasma Micro/Nanobubble In Water

OH84A Nur Athirah AbdullahUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia

Nanocellulose Extracted By Acid Hydrolysis Of Isolated Cellulose From Sugarcane Bagasse And Coconut Husk Fibre: Structure And Morphology Studies

Social Sciences and Humanities (Pitching session: 1200-1300)


OH78A Manraj Singh CheemaUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Enriched Gamification And Game-based Learning (Eggbl) In Toxicology: Impact On Instructions, Flow, Engagement, Immersion And Mindful Learning

OH79A Mohd Bakri BakarUniversiti TeknologiMalaysia

Creative Branding Exercise To Connect Diversified Regional Science Outreach

OH80A Lay NearyPannasastra University Of Cambodia

Ethical Behavior In Classroom Learning Of Cambodian College Student: Case Study At The Paññāsāstra University Of Cambodia

OH81A Mageswari Kunasegaran New Era UniversityTalent Optimization And Technology Innovation In Gig Economy: Empowering Mompreneurs In Malaysia

OH82A Keng Teck-eeUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman

Identifying The Determinants That Promote Scientists’ Participation In Conventional And Modern Media

OH86A Soh Mei Ling Sunway University The Role Of Innate Trust And Distrust In Teams


ORAL HIGHLIGHTS


Medicine, Health and Wellbeing (Pitching session: 1300-1400)


OH11A Nurulain Mustafa UdinUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Understanding Dermal Exposure To Pesticide Among Sprayers In Agriculture Subsectors In Malaysia

OH12AMohammad RidwaneMungroo

Sunway University Anti-amoebic Activity Of Benzimidazoles And Tetrazoles

OH13A Mohd Helmy MokhtarUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia

Testosterone Reduces Expression Of Αvβ3 Integrin, Mucin-1 And E-cadherin In Early Pregnant Rats.

OH15A Hew Nam Fong Help UniversityHew’s Chart Of Healthy Bodyweights And Normal Body Mass Index Curve: A Good Guideline To Determine Overweight Status In Adults

OH16A Chin Fee WaiUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Homeobox B13 (Hoxb13): A Novel Candidate TumourSuppressor Gene In Bladder Cancer

OH17AFarah Hanan FathihahJaffar

Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia

The Effect Of Wi-fi Exposure On The Testis And Sperm Quality Of Growing Sprague Dawley Pups.

OH18A Norshamiera AdananUniversiti SainsMalaysia

Antimicrobial Potential Of Metabolites From Mangrove Actinobacteria Against M.Tuberculosis H37ra, M.Smegmatis And Mrsa

OH19A Jefferyl Kae PandacUniversity of Santo Tomas

Association Of Kcnj11 (Rs5219), Irs-1 (Rs1801278), And Igf2bp2 (Rs4402960) Gene Polymorphisms With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study In A Filipino Population

OH20A Khoo Hooi Yuen University of MalayaSeroprevalence Of Japanese Encephalitis Virus (Jev) Among Felda And Rural Population In Malaysia

OH21A Naufal Mohd Kushairi University of Malaya

Ergothioneine Protects Ht22 Hippocampal Cells Against H2o2-induced Neurotoxicity By Enhancement Of Antioxidation, Mitochondrial Functions, And Anti-apoptotic Activities

OH22A John Harold Quizon Saint Louis UniversityExperimental Dopamine Addiction: The Utility Of Female Rattus Norvegicus Urine Based Aromatherapy For Treatment Of Addiction In Male Rats

OH23A Hii Ling WeiInternational Medical University

Functional Roles Of Sphingosine Kinase 1 (Sphk1) In Regulating The Survival Of Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells And Non-stem Breast Cancer Cells Through Stat1 Suppression

OH24A Siti Fairus Abdul RahmanUniversiti SainsMalaysia

Combination Of Bcl-xl And Mcl-1 Selective Inhibitors Synergistically Inhibit Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation

OH25A Azman Ma'amor Universiti MalayaThe Synthesis Of Hydroxyapatite Using SonochemicalMethod From Clamshell Waste As Calcium Precursor.

OH26A Mary Grace PelayoDepartment of Health Philippines

Identifying Gaps In The Department Of Health (Doh) Philippines Supply Chain Logistics Management (Sclm)


ORAL HIGHLIGHTS




OH27A Gan Li LianInternational Medical University Malaysia

Identification Of Tumor Cell-intrinsic Immune Modulators In Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

OH28A Melissa June PaderogUniversity of San Agustin

Bioprospecting Of Potential Antibiotic Producing Marine Sediments-derived Actinobacteria From Romblon Islands, Philippines

OH29A Lengishwarra SatiyasilanUniversiti SainsMalaysia

Socio-demographic Distributions Of Patients Diagnosed With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (Npc) In The Northern Region States Of Peninsular Malaysia (A Preliminary Study)

OH30A Mohd Azam Abdul HalimUniversiti TeknologiMara

Functional Recovery Of Distal Radius Fracture (Drf): A Scoping Review

OH31A Samira Vafa Sunway UniversityEffectiveness Of Cognitive Training In Improving Age-related Memory Declines In Elderlies: A Systematic Review.

OH32A Lim Teck HockTunku Abdul RahmanUniversity College

Biocompatible Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles As Potential Cost-effective Photothermal Therapy Agents For Skin Cancers: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicity And Photothermal Heating Studies

OH33A Karen G ReyesSt. Luke's Medical Center/University of Santo Tomas

Analysis Of Cyp2c9*2 And Cyp2c9*3 Polymorphisms Among Filipino Patients On Celecoxib Therapy

OH34A Lew Huai Lin University of MalayaExpression Of Ki-67, Cornulin And Isg15 In Non-involved Mucosal Surgical Margins As Predictive Markers For Relapse In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Oscc).

OH35A Angela BoahenUniversity Putra Malaysia

Biofilm Disrupting Activity Of Indigenous Lactobacillus 29a Against Selected Candida Species.

OH36A Zainab Auwal Zigau Bauchi State UniversityAnti-bacterial Activity Of Plants Extracts Against Some Clinical Isolates Of Bacteria

OH37A Vigneswari SevakumaranUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu

Surface Modification Of Bacterial Polymer Nano-p(3hb-co-4hb) As Potential Cardiac Patch

OH38A Nawirah GausUniversity of Santo Tomas

Comparing Blood Oxidative Stress Levels In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

OH39ARaja Zarith Fatiah Raja Malek Ridhuan


The Modulation Of Trail Expression In Tgfβ1-mediated Bronchial Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition

OH40A Salima Lalani Volunteer Sunway UniversityAntiviral Activity Of Silymarin In Comparison With BaicaleinAgainst Enterovirus 71 (Ev-a71)

OH41A Nur Farahannah Jamal University of Malaya Characterization Of Synovium Membrane In Osteoarthritis

OH42A Tan Jiah NingUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia

Effect Of Christia Vespertilionis Extract On Monocyte Adhesion To Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (Huvecs).

OH43A Nik Syazana Izyan Saffery University of MalayaProtein Profiling Of Synovial Membrane From Osteoarthritis Patients


ORAL HIGHLIGHTS




OH44A Nur Ashiqen Mohd Noh University of MalayaCell Proliferation And Collagen Expression Of Human Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells By Hypoxia Conditioning/ Mechanical Stimulation

OH45A Aminath Rasheedha University of Malaya

A Comparative Study On Adipose Derived MesenchymalStromal Cell Morphology, Viability, Proliferation, Osteogenic Marker And Alizarin Red Index On Plla (Poly L Lactide) Nano-fibrous Scaffold And Monolayer Culture.

OH46A Ngu Ee Ling Sunway UniversityAnti-neuroinflammatory Effect Of Spirulina PlatensisAgainst Lps-induced Bv2 Microglia

OH47A Tan Jaymi Sunway UniversityTesting Of A 22-gene Next Generation Sequencing Panel For The Management Of Patients With MyeloproliferativeNeoplasms

OH48A Arcana Thirumorthy Sunway UniversityNewcastle Disease Virus As Potential Therapeutic Agent Against Bladder Cancer Stem Cells.

OH49A Kogilavani Subermaniam Universiti MalayaPadina Australis Protects Corticosterone-induced Damage In Pc12 Cells By Attenuating Oxidative Stress-mediated RosProduction

OH50A Nur Azra Mohamad PauziUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Naturally Occurring Genotoxic And Carcinogenic Phytochemicals In Herbal Products: A Review On Malaysian Medicinal Plants

OH51A Nur Syahirah Mohd EsaUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Risk Assessment Of Genotoxic And Carcinogenic EstragoleIn Plant-based Food Supplements (Pfs) In Malaysia

OH52A Yoga Paramanantham University of MalayaDeveloping Cisplatin Resistant Bladder Cancer Cell Lines: A Preliminary Study On The Insight Of The Mechanisms Of Cisplatin Resistance In Bladder Cancer

OH83A Umar AhmadUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Dissecting The Genomic Profile Of Persistently Infecting Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus(ndvpi) From Cancer Rna-seq Data

OH87A Nurkhalida Kamal University of CyberjayaMetabolites Profiling And Biological Activities 0f Extracts From Wild And Cultivated Mushroom, LignosusRhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden

OH88A Mahani Mahadi University of CyberjayaK.Alvarezii Attenuates Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld) In A Rat Model Of Metabolic Syndrome


ORAL HIGHLIGHTS



OH1B Manmeet Singh Saint Louis University Walkability Of Baguio City

OH2B Iliani Binti Md AnsoriUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Perception On The Adoption Of Food Delivery Mobile Applications Among University Students In Selangor, Malaysia

OH3B Juan MatminUniversiti TeknologiMalaysia

Distinctive Organization Of Aliphatic Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides For Non-optical Detection Of Nitrobenzene.

OH4BMuhammad IzzatAmani Bin JamaludinAmini


Exploring The Adoption Of Cashless Payment Application: A Case Of Consumers Acceptance At Hawker’s Stall In Bazaar Ramadhan Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia




OH5B Teh Keng Foo Sunway UniversitySmad2, A Potential Key Genetic Marker Involved In Allergic Rhinitis.

OH6BNurul Syakima AbMutalib

Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia

Hoxa Genes Dna Methylation Profiles In Colorectal Cancer

OH7B Sudtha Murthy University of MalayaIdentification Of Novel Sesamol Dimers With Unusual Methylenedioxy Ring-opening Skeleton And Evaluation Of Their Antioxidant And Cytotoxic Activities

OH8B Yap Phui Chyng University of MalayaScreening Of Antilisterial Gene In Lactic Acid Bacteria Using Nucleic Acid Amplification

OH9B Lina Adnan Al-ani University of MalayaNatural Plant-based Nanoformulation: A Modern Rational Design Path In Securing Selective And Efficient Anti-cancer Activity.

OH10B Lee Hai Yen Universiti MalayaCharacterization Of Peptides From Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Various Pathogens With Potential Antimicrobial Activities

OH11B Siti Fatimah IbrahimUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia

Evaluation Of Dna Damage In Sprague Dawley Rat Pups Testes Following Wi-fi Exposure: A Preliminary Report

OH12BVivi Nur Khalieda MohdKasim


2, 4, 6-trihydroxy-3-geranylacetophenone (Thga) Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions And Scratching Behaviour In Balb/C Mice


OH42B Bayu Aditya NugrahaIndonesian Institute of Sciences

Synthesis Of Spherical Zinc Powder Using Distillation Method

OH43BMuhammad Nur ImanAmir

University of MalayaGold Nanoparticles Supported On Reduce Graphene Oxide As Heterogeneous Catalysts.

OH44B Hazreen Haizi HarithUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Upper-limb Muscle Activities During Oil Palm Harvesting Activity: A Biomechanical Basis For A Functional Exoskeleton Design



ORAL HIGHLIGHTS




OH13B Wong Sok KuanUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia

The Relationship Between Bone-related Peptides And Trabecular Bone Microstructure In A Metabolic Syndrome-induced Bone Loss Rat Model.

OH14B Galila Esam Al-samawiInternational Medical University Malaysia

Oral Health Related Behaviour Among Yemenis School Adolescents Living In Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study.

OH15BNurul ShahidahMohamad Shahripoddin

University of MalayaPhase Behaviour & Stability Study Of Apg-incorporated Carrier Systems For Pharmaceutical Application.

OH16BNurul Fatihah MohamadNasir

Universiti SainsMalaysia

Serum Affects Differentiation Of Sh-sy5y Cell Line With Regard To Dendritic Length And Expression Of Neuron Specific Β-iii Tubulin

OH17B Syeda Humayra University of CyberjayaFactors Associated In Developing Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (Icm) Versus Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy (Nicm) Among Malaysian Population

OH18BMohamad Azlan AbdMajid

University of MalayaBacterial Profiling Of Head Lice Isolated From The Orang Asli: A First Report In Malaysia

OH19B Hanis Hazeera HarithUniversiti Putra Malaysia

The Link Between Stathmin And Microtubule Stability In Bronchial Remodelling

OH20BArun Suria KarnanMahendran

University of Nottingham Malaysia

Creating An In Vivo Biosynthesis Platform For High-throughput Generation Of Peptide-based Antibiotic Analogues

OH21B Felicita Fedelis Jusof University of MalayaInflammatory Cytokine, Cxcl10 And KynurenineMetabolites, Anthranilic Acid And Quinolinic Acid: Potential Prognostic Biomarkers Of Dengue With Warning Signs

OH22B Esther Erin Sunway UniversityCharacterisation Of Newcastle Disease Virus-mediated Oncolysis Of Tccsup Bladder Cancer Cell Line

OH23B Nurul Aishah RohaimiUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Mutagenicity Assessment Of Paddy Water From TanjungKarang, Selangor Using Ames Test: A Preliminary Study

OH24B Lean Jo Sze Taylor’s UniversitySize-controlled Biosynthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated By Seaweed Sargassum Polycystum

OH25B Enis Nadia Universiti Putra Malaysia

Cytotoxicity Of Organotin(iv) Complexes Containing Dithiocarbazate Schiff


ORAL HIGHLIGHTS




OH46B Pang Kok LunUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia

Establishing An In Vitro Model Of Chondrocyte Cell Death Using Sw1353 Cells

OH47B Chin Kok YongUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia

The Protective Effects Of Annatto Tocotrienol In Preserving Bone Strength In A Rat Model Of Advanced Osteoporosis Induced By Oestrogen Deficiency

OH48B Nor Aziyah Mat Rahim Universiti MalayaDevelopment Of An Oral Vaccine For AcinetobacterBaumannii: Displaying Antigenic Proteins On The Bacillus Subtilis Spore Surface

OH49B Sivananthan ManoharanInstitute for Medical Research

Tripeptide Gly-val-arg Inhibited C-domain Of Angiotensin-i-converting Enzyme And Reduced High Blood Pressure In Rats

OH50B Rasmaizatul Akma RosdiUniversiti SainsMalaysia

Phytochemical And Toxicity Evaluations Of Smilax Myosotiflora Tubers

OH51BNurul Shahirah MohdAzam

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

Acute In Vivo Toxicity Study Of Kelulut Honey

OH52B Theeba Anasamy University of MalayaTribenzyltin Carboxylates As Anticancer Agents: Evidence From Inhibition Of Cancer Cells Viability, Motility And Invasion In Vitro To Tumour Growth In Vivo

OH53B Lai Hwa YuUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Effect Of Different Matrices On Endothelial Cell Differentiation Of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

OH54BMorhanavalleeSoopramanien

Sunway University Anti-cancer Activity Of Scorpion And Frog

OH55B Jose Angelo Bunag,University of Santo Tomas

Proposed Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (Ogtt) Reference Interval For Gdm Diagnosis Among The Filipino Population

OH56B Daniel Law Jia XianUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia

Culture Medium Optimization For Large-scale Production Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

OH57BMohd Ashraf MuhamadAsri


Cytotoxicity Effect Of Bhmc And Curcumin Through Induction Of Ros On Human Liver Cancer Cells, Hepg2.

OH58B Vicit Rizal Eh Suk University of Malaya Microlipid Encapsulating Vitamin C

OH59B Norsyahida Mohd FauziUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia

Effect Of Gynura Procumbens Extract On Monocyte Adhesion To Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (Huvecs).

OH60B Ahmad Adebayo IrekeolaUniversiti SainsMalaysia

Technical Considerations In Ex Vivo Human Regulatory T Cell Migration And Immunosuppression Assays

OH61B Tan Hui Yee University of MalayaMetformin Modulation Effects On Insulin Resistance-associated Cellular Changes In Human Tenocytes: Implication Of Diabetic Tendinopathy

OH62BWan Nurasliza Binti Wan Anowar

University of MalayaIsolation And Characterization Of Rabbit Platelet-derived Extracellular Vesicles (P-ev)

OH63B Joe Yee Liew University of Malaya

Effect Of Adiponectin On Cell Proliferation And Collagen Synthesis Of Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells During Unstrained And Cyclic Mechanical Strain Loading Conditions


ORAL HIGHLIGHTS




OH64B Chan Soon Choy Perdana UniversityAlteration Of Native Mrna Secondary Structure Caused By Exonic Snps Identified In Mmp2, Mmp3 And Cyp2d6 Genes In Breast Cancer

OH65B Pang Jun Rui Sunway UniversityAnti-acetylcholinesterase Activity Of Decanoic Acid-rich Fraction From Gracilaria Manilaensis

OH66B Wallace CheeUniversiti Putra Malaysia

In Vitro Microbial Interspecific Interaction Of Candida Albicans And Candida Glabrata In Vagina-simulating Conditions

OH67B Hassan YahayaUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Modified And Improved Dna Extraction Method For Molecular Detection Of Candida Species From Positive Blood Culture Bottles

OH68B Ng Chu Xin Taylor’s UniversityNovel Hybridized Peptides Induced Toxicity Of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (Hepg2) Via Induction Of Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

OH69B Sani Mamman Ibrahim University of MalayaPhysico-chemical Characterization And Invitro Release Of Hydrophobic Drug Of Arabic Gum-grafted-polyethylene Glycol Di-methacrylic Acid Hydrogels


OH29B Ana Hazirah Binti Ajis University of MalayaGreen Mould Contamination In Local Mushroom Farm: Preliminary Study

OH30B Ilyanie Hj YaacobUniversiti Sains Islam Malaysia

Antagonistic Interactions &Amp; Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Malaysian Fermented Shrimp

OH31B Nurul Shazini RamliUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Effect Of Pickling Process On Ascorbic Acid Content And Antioxidant Properties Of Selected Fruit Pickles

OH32B Norlida Mat DaudUniversiti KebangsaanMalaysia

Water And Caloric Beverage Consumption Patterns And Its Association With Body Mass Index Among Malaysian Adults



OH73B AnggelaGadjah Mada University

Novel Porang Glucomannan (Amorphophallus Oncophyllus) From Indonesia With Hydrolyzed Enzyme For Oligo-glucomannan Production

OH74B Siti Soleha Ab dullahUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Risk Assessment Of Aflatoxin In Plant Food Supplements And Herbal Medicine Products Marketed In Malaysia

OH75B Nuzul Noorahya JambariUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Aeroallergen And Food Allergen Sensitisation Patterns Among Malaysian Atopic Patients



ORAL HIGHLIGHTS



OH26B Teh Lee PengUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Highly Active Dendritic Fibrous Material For Carbon Monoxide Conversion

OH27B Abdul Qaiyum Ramle University of MalayaIndolenine-dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene Ni(ii) Complexes As Sensitizers For Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

OH28B Beta Riana LiasariIndonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Synthesis Zno From Zn (Ch 3 Coo) 2 Uses The Hydrometallurgical Method For Solar Cells



OH70B Norazlianie SazaliUniversiti Malaysia Pahang

The Influence Of Dip-coating Time On Carbon Dioxide/Nitrogen Separation Performance.

OH71B Ahmad SohibIndonesian Institute Of Science

Excellent Performance Of Lithium Titanate Doped By Zr 3+ From Zircon Silicate As Dopant Source Via Facile Method For Lithium Ion Battery

OH72B Josfirin Uding RanggaUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Greenhouse Gases Emission Reduction Through Waste Segregation Program In Malaysia And Potential Landfill Gas For Energy Production



OH33BNur Ainu Farhah BintiRabae


Silicon Nutrient Improve Growth And Enhance Chlorophyll Of Pepper Plant (Pipper Nigrum)

OH34B Zalina Bashir AliUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu

Turtle Sanctuary Provides Seasonal Hatchling “Buffet” To Reef Sharks

OH35BNoorkhalilie Che AbdAziz


Diversity Of Fungi At Sea Turtle Nesting Sites In Malaysia

OH36BNadhirah SyafiqahSuhaimi


Modeling Oceanic Dispersal Of Sea Turtle Hatchlings Through Locomotors Energetic Cost And Ocean Current

OH37B Mohd Afzanizam MudaForest Research Institute Malaysia (Frim)

Litter Production And Decomposition In A Tropical Peat Swamp Forest : A Case Study In Pekan Forest Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia

OH38BPatricia Antoinette L. Pineda

Saint Louis UniversityTaro (Colocasia Esculenta) Leaves As Hydrophobic Bio-wax Coating For Recycled Grocery Paper Bags

OH39B Nor Kartini Abu Bakar University MalayaWaste To Wealth: The Hidden Potential Of Waste From Artocarpus Integer Fruit



ORAL HIGHLIGHTS



OH76B Syamsyahidah SamsolUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu

Developing A Summarized Health Index (Shi) Of Sea Turtles In South China Sea

OH77B Nur Sanim AzlanUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu

Meiofauna Assemblage Structure From The Southern South China Sea

OH78B Chong Sok LengUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu

Potential Of Silicon Nutrients In Improving Growth Of Melon (Cucumis Melo L.) Cv. Melon Manis Terengganu (Mmt)

OH79B Sheela ChandrenUniversiti TeknologiMalaysia

Utilization Of Spray-ilgar Technique For The Preparation Of Titania On Stainless Steel Photocatalyst For The Decomposition Of Acetaldehyde

OH80BNazhirah BintiMuhammad Nasri


New Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (Zifs) Derived From Imidazolate Ligands: Synthesis And Structural Studies

OH81B Velan RamanUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Synthesis, Characterisations And Structural Study Of Silicon Containing Covalent Organic Frameworks (Mofs)

OH82B Dwi Fajriyati Inaku Hasanuddin UniversitySpatial-temporal Biodiversity And Distribution Of Aquatic Zoobenthos And Plankton In Maros Karst Rivers

OH83B Ridho Putra Akbar University of SriwijayaPetrography And Petrogenesis: Study Of Andesite KikimFormation At The Beringin Janggut, South Sumatra, Indonesia




OH40B Forina Lestari University of Malaya Asean Collaboration In Boosting Tourism Development

OH41B Tan King Lok University of MalayaLeadership For Students With Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, And Possibilities



OH84B Muchlisiniyati SafeyahUniversitasPembangunan NasionalVeteran Jawa Timur

Changes Of Form And Function Of Langgar On Traditional Architecture Tanean Lanjang In Tanjung Bumi Madura Indonesia.

OH85B Shasvini A/P MuraliSegi College SubangJaya

Acceptance Of Community-based Listening Project In Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

OH86B Chau De MingUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Fostering Research Integrity In Malaysia Through Responsible Conduct Of Research Education

OH87B Aminath Eena Mohamed Sunway UniversityPilot Study: Factors Related To Bribe Intention Among Malaysian Youths

ABSTRACTS FOR

PLENARY SPEAKERS

ID No. Title

P1A Systematic Approach for Synthesis and Optimisation of Sustainable Oil Palm Value Chain (OPVC)

P2Regional Collaborative Framework for Development of Innovation System in Indonesia

P3Uncover the Hidden Potential through Collaborative Drug Discovery (CDD) Programme

P4The Genetic Intractability of the Coral Endosymbiont/zooxanthellae to Algal Transformation Methods

P5Strategic Design of Bench top Research to the Market in the Field of Food Science & Technology

P6 The Effects of Adult Aging and Culture on Theory of Mind

P7Development of ASEAN Fuel Economy Roadmap from Thailand CO2-based Excise Tax Policy

P8 Biomass Utilization in Non- electrified Area

P9Physics-based Part Orientation and Sentencing: A Solution to Manufacturing Variability

P10 Challenges in Fabrication of Metal Matrix Composite by Additive Manufacturing

P11 Pushing the Limits of Aerial Wireless Communications for the Internet of Cow

P12 Group Antenatal Care For Women Of Mixed Obstetric Risk And Linguistic Diversity

P13Genomic Epidemiology, Evolutionary Dynamics and Transmission Network of Rapidly Evolving Viruses

P14Kenyir For Life: Developing Sustainable Financing Mechanisms To Manage AndProtect 100,000 Hectares Of Rainforest In Terengganu, Malaysia

P15Sustainability and Food Safety: Transition from Reactive to Preventive Food Safety Risk Management

P17Introducing Resilience Metrics to Conventional Consequence Assessments:A Case Study on Nuclear Accident Consequence Assessment

P18 Direct and Indirect Energy Data Monitoring System for Smart Community

P19 Getting in the Loop: from Waste Management to Circular Economy

P20MEMS Based Multi-spectral Dual-axis Confocal Microendoscope For Clinical Applications

P21 Nano-based Diagnostics and Drug Delivery

P22 The Potential of Homeobox Genes as Biomarker for Bladder Cancer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Plenary P1

Smart Cities, Industry, Engineering and Infrastructure

A Systematic Approach for Synthesis and Optimisation of Sustainable Oil Palm Value Chain (OPVC)

Steve ZYF1, Denny KSN2*

[email protected]

1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of NottinghamMalaysia Campus, Broga Road, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia. 2School of Engineering and PhysicalSciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, 62200, Putrajaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya,Malaysia

The oil palm industry can be divided into three main aspects, namely the plantation,processing, and supply chain. An oil palm value chain (OPVC) considers the interconnectivitybetween all these aspects to allow a top-down overview of the entire oil palm industry whilecapturing the details from individual activities to more substantial system interactions.However, it is challenging to solve without a proper tool, especially for an extensive valuechain network with various processes and the existence of multiple facilities in each process.In this respect, a novel systematic approach is developed to synthesise and optimise anintegrated OPVC network for higher economic and environmental values production. In thiswork, an OPVC case study in Johor state is presented and solved to illustrate the proposedapproach. Besides, the coalition reliability index is introduced to measure the reliability of theOPVC network formed under different supply chain management. The results demonstratedthat economic performance improves significantly from 167.04 to 220.18 million US$/y, in theconventional and optimised designs, respectively. Meanwhile, greenhouse gas emission isreduced substantially from 199.88 to 63.29 kt CO2e/y. In order to ensure more strategicsourcing of materials, and therefore, improves the likelihood of successful implementation forthe value chain network developed, a Pareto-optimal front is plotted to predict the economicperformance generated based on the changes in coalition reliability index.

Keywords: Oil Palm Value Chain; Process Systems Engineering; Mathematical Approach; Process Synthesis; Process Optimisation.

Plenary P2


Regional Collaborative Framework for Development of Innovation System in Indonesia

Amal MI 1*, Sumule O2, Amin M2, and Rochman NT1

[email protected]

1Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials, Indonesia Institute of Sciences. 2DirectorateGeneral for Innovation Strengthening, Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education

The fulfilment of sustainable development goals need active cooperation and collaboration asboldly mentioned in Goal 17: Partnerships for the goals. This spirit of enhancing globalcooperation must also be supported by effective domestic networking. The regionalinterconnectivity plays important role to develop strong platform in sharing ideas, knowledgeand fostering innovation and coordinating policies. Recently, Indonesia issued laws of theNational System on Science and Technology (No. 11 year 2019) which implied theharmonization and integration of research, development, assessment and implementationactivities under one National Body for Research and Innovation. With the complexity ofinnovation process chain, the coordination between the stakeholders in the regional level toensure the fruitful dissemination is important. Thus, knowing the role and positioning of eachstakeholder in the context of regional innovation system is necessary to build effectivenetworking. Regional Innovation System can be divided based on two scientific perspectives,i.e the innovation system and regional study (regional study). The innovation systemconceptualizes the mechanism of innovation, which focuses on the main elements related tothe innovation process and how the performance of the innovation process can be improved.Whereas regional study emphasizes the social context of innovation where stakeholders andrelated social factors can affect the investment process, which not only looks at localresources, but how the innovation process is shaped by institutionalized values as wellexisting regulation at the regional level. The objectives of Regional Innovation System areincreasing leverage for regional development, transfer of knowledge and technology; HelpingSMEs to achieve good economic of scale; creating a creative environment to foster innovationand cooperation and building the synergy of stakeholders. These objectives are aligned withthe Regional Development National Priorities, namely the Regional Economic DevelopmentPriority Activities, which include the application of technology and innovation to increaseadded value of economic commodity and regional competitiveness. The presence of RegionalResearch and Innovation Body in the region is a major science and technology resource forstrengthening the development and dissemination of science and technology in accordancewith the potential and needs of the region. Thus, a competitive region can be created throughthe implementation of science and technology.

Keywords: Regional Innovation System, Science & Technology, Innovation, Partnership

Plenary P3

Uncover the Hidden Potential through Collaborative Drug Discovery (CDD) Programme

Mai CW1 and Investigators in CDD

[email protected]; [email protected]

1School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia. 2Centre for Cancer and Stem Cells Research, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Malaysia

Background and Objectives: The future of drug discovery relies on finding solutions forcomplex unmet medical needs. Unfortunately, the discovery process is often time consuming,technically challenging, and filled with obstacles on access to facilities, not to mention thehigh cost involved. With that, Centre for Cancer and Stem Cells Research of the Institute forResearch, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University (IMU) hasinitiated the Collaborative Drug Discovery (CDD) Programme. Methods: We establish networkwith academic and biotechnology industries to provide access to disease-relevant phenotypicand target specific assays. Investigators are taking advantage of this resource which will opennew venues to test novel therapeutic hypotheses and deepen our understanding of complexbiological systems. Results: Through this initiative, our steadfast goal remains focused on thediscovery of novel therapeutics approaches to improve patient’s lives. CDD discoveredcudraflavone C, 6-shogaol and chalcones as potential anti-cancer agents. The molecularstudies were undertaken to elucidate its mechanism of actions. Conclusion: The programmehas attracted many national and international investigators. The programme is also open to allcollaborators from academicians to the industry partners.

Medicine, Health and Wellbeing

Plenary P4

Food & Sustainability

The Genetic Intractability of the Coral Endosymbiont/zooxanthellae to Algal Transformation Methods

Chen JE1, Barbrook AC2, Cui G3, Howe CJ2, Aranda M3

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway School of Science and Technology, SunwayUniversity, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department ofBiochemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom. 3King Abdullah Universityof Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.

The Symbiodiniaceae are a family of microalgae, also known as zooxanthellae, that are theintracellular endosymbionts of corals and other marine cnidarians. These microalgae are themajor primary producers of the coral reef ecosystem and are thus analogous to trees inrainforests. In fact, the “bleaching” of colour from corals undergoing the phenomenon knownas coral bleaching is a result of the expulsion of these microalgae from the tissue of coralsunder stressful conditions, leaving behind the pale tissue and skeleton of the actual coralsthemselves. Until very recently, the Symbiodiniaceae have been studied more as an auxiliaryresearch field to coral research rather than as the focus of dedicated research in their ownright. This lack of attention has also been exacerbated by the lack of molecular genetic toolswith which to carry out systematic studies. However, the rising incidents of mass coralbleaching due to climate change has given fresh impetus to efforts to study and understandthese vital microalgae. In relation to this, I will be presenting the results of work done onattempting to develop a genetic transformation method for Symbiodiniaceae viaelectroporation, biolistics and several other standard and non-standard algal transformationmethods. I will also discuss the current state of the field as well as shed light on futuredirections that can be taken based on the outcome of our project as well as the results ofseveral labs across the globe who were also working on similar projects. Finally, I will bring upseveral theories on why a deeper understanding of the Symbiodiniaceae might require aserious rethinking of the basic principles of nuclei and chromosome organisation that we takefor granted in all other eukaryotes.

Plenary P5

Biodiversity & Natural resources

Strategic Design of Bench top Research to the Market in the Field of Food Science & Technology

Kim YJ1

1Department of Food & Biotechnology, Korea University.

Bench top research can produce valuable data out of noble idea and systemic approach basedon accumulative data in a field of food science and technology. However, it is not always easyto make real value in industry out of the research data. Funding always empathize theindustrialization, but research does not always respond to it. Edge cutting technology keepsbeing introduced to the field of food science, but the cost of results does not always meet thecriteria in the market. The key of realization of the idea and results from arduous laboratorywork is to meet the needs of industry and consumer at the same time and to make itpersuasible to grant holders at the same time. Strategic approach from funding to value-creating commercialization will be introduced in the presentation.

Plenary P6

The Effects of Adult Aging and Culture on Theory of Mind

Min Hooi Yong1, & Louise Phillips2

[email protected]

1Department of Psychology, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University 2 School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, UK

Background and objectives: Park and Gutchess (2006) suggested that to truly measure theimpact of culture on aging, we need to first delineate between “basic cognitive hardware ormechanics—such as speed, working memory, and inhibition—and acquired knowledge(described as software or cognitive pragmatics)” (p.105). Considering that age by cultureinteraction effects may diverge dependent on task complexity and cognitive load, how mightthese predictions relate to ToM performance? Methods: We tested 312 participants in twolocations; UK (n = 136) and Malaysia (n = 176). They completed a series of computer-basedtasks; faux pas, false belief (lie deception and unseen switch), and working memory (WM) in acounterbalanced order. Results: We found age x culture interactions in WM and lie deception.We also found strong main effect of culture for all tasks, and main effect of age for faux pasdetection, lie deception and WM. A separate analysis showed that that Malaysian older adultsperformance on faux pas and lie detection is fully mediated with WM. Conclusion: Our resultssuggest that older adults experienced a larger effect of culture compared to age relating tospeed and memory, to which effects of aging are masked under cultural ‘knowledge’influence.

Social sciences and humanities

Plenary P7

Energy Transition

Development of ASEAN Fuel Economy Roadmap from Thailand CO2-based Excise Tax Policy

Saisirirat P1, Chollacoop N1, Gunthawong G2, Nanthachatchavankul P2, Sehlleier F2 and Trigg T2

[email protected]

1Renewable Energy Research Team, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC),12120, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand. 2Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Mitigationin the Land Transport Sector in the ASEAN Region, Deutsche Gesellschaft für InternationaleZusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, 10400, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand.

Background and Objectives: Ranked as the world’s 11th largest production hub for passengercars, Thailand automotive industry has been well-established with about one million carsnewly registered in Thailand from annual production of over two million cars in 2017 (morethan half of the produced cars now for export). With high volumes of cars on the road, aboutone-third of final energy consumption in Thailand is consumed within the transportationsector. Hence, fuel efficiency policy to tax vehicle excise tax from CO2 emission, as opposed toengine size, was announced in December 2012 for enforcement on 1 January 2016, withproper consultation with all stakeholders. Methods: Passenger car registration andcorresponding fuel consumption in Thai road transport was monitored to realize the benefitof CO2-based excise tax policy before and after 2016, which served as evidence leading toadaptation of ASEAN Fuel Economy Roadmap in November 2018. Results: Weighted-averagefuel consumption (normalized to the energy content of 1 liter of gasoline to travel a 100kmdistance, Lge/100km) of passenger cars in Thai road transport during 2013-5 was found to beapproximately 7 Lge/100km with a significant improvement of 3.9% in 2016 from CO2-basedexcise tax enforcement, followed by additional improvement of 0.8% and 1.6% in 2017 and2018, respectively. This evidence-based effectiveness from Thailand policy to tax vehicle fromits CO2 emission has served as basis for 24th ASEAN Transport Ministers meeting on 8November 2018 in Bangkok to adopt ASEAN Fuel Economy Roadmap with aspirational goal onlight duty vehicle fuel consumption of 5.3 Lge/100km by 2025. Conclusion: With properplanning in advance and consultation with all related stakeholders, low-hanging fruit policy onCO2-based excise tax has proved its effectiveness, which leads to ASEAN Fuel EconomyRoadmap adaptation.

Plenary P8

Biomass Utilization in Non- electrified Area

HTWE EE1, Andante Hadi P2

[email protected]

1Acting Rector, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar. 2Assistant Professor /Lecturer Waseda University Science and Engineering Department Graduate School ofEnvironment and Energy Engineering.

With significant amount of untapped biomass, Myanmar has high potential in both bioenergyand biofuel production. So far, more than, 1,000 gasifiers both self-developed and imported,installed for heating and power production. Biomass combustion also applied in SMEs forpower generation, especially rice mills. Myanmar is moving toward to increase share ofbiomass in biofuels and bioenergy. Nowadays, bioenergy production in ASEAN is still belowthe desired target. The lack of feedstock management and high price of raw materials causebioenergy production unattractive. Under e-ASIA project, “Feasibility Study on SocialImplementation of Biomass Energy in East Asia” is conducted with field of survey in Thae Konevillage in Mandalay to understand the dynamics of energy use and demand in an off-grid area.This survey is to give primary understanding of how energy is used in areas without access toelectricity from the grid in Myanmar. There are three parts of Questionnaires for multipleanswers about the energy use in the household, socio-economic condition of householdmembers, 24 hours use of social activities including interview with key stakeholders.According to the survey results, most of villagers are using charcoals and wood for cookingfuel and many household uses solar lantern and generator for lighting and electricalappliances. Moreover edible fruits and vegetables are planted for self-consumption andespecially rice paddy field is existed nearby. Survey findings is important to estimate theelectricity demand per household based on the described activities and also electricitydemand for the whole village to find out the appropriate technology for the demandedenergy.

Energy Transition

Plenary P9

Physics-based Part Orientation and Sentencing: A Solution to Manufacturing Variability

Lee WY1, Dawes WN1, Coull JD2

[email protected]

1Whittle Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 1 JJ ThomsonAvenue, Cambridge CB3 0DY, United Kingdom. 2Oxford Thermofluids Institute, SouthwellBuilding, University of Oxford Department of Engineering Science, Osney Mead, Oxford OX20ES, United Kingdom.

Casting deviations introduce geometric variability that impacts the aerodynamic performanceof turbomachinery. These effects are studied for a High Pressure Turbine (HPT) rotor bladefrom a modern aero-engine. 197 blades were measured using three-dimensional structured-light scanning (GOM scanning), and the performance of each blade is quantified usingReynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. The variability in performance that isintroduced by casting variations is typically managed by applying geometric tolerances todetermine the suitability of a component for service. The analysis demonstrates that thisapproach may not be optimal since it does not necessarily align with performance, inparticular the capacity of the turbine stage. Alternatively, functional acceptance based on thepredicted performance of each blade removes the uncertainty associated with geometrictolerancing and gives better performance control. Building on these findings, the paperproposes a method to set the orientation of the fir-tree, which is machined after casting. Bycustomizing the alignment of each blade, performance variability and scrap rates can besignificantly reduced. The method uses predictions of performance to reorient the castings tocompensate for the manufacturing-induced errors, without changing the design-intent bladegeometry and with minimal changes to the manufacturing facility.


Plenary P10

Challenges in Fabrication of Metal Matrix Composite by Additive Manufacturing

Srisawadi S1, Tanprayoon D1, Sato Y2, Tsukamoto M2, Suga T2

[email protected]

1National Metal and Materials Technology Center, 114 Thailand Science Park, PhaholyothinRoad, Klong Neung, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. 2Joining and Welding ResearchInstitute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan

Background and Objectives: Materials with high specific strength have been attractive forlightweight structural applications, including automotive and aerospace. Metal matrixcomposites (MMCs) are one of the most common choices because their mechanicalproperties can be improved by reinforcement addition. Among other fabricataion processes,additive manufacturing (AM) shows promising potential for additional weight reductionthrough its unique advantage in fabrication of complex geometries. Methods: Selective lasermelting (SLM), a commercially-available AM technology, was used to fabricate MMCs in thisstudy. A parametric study of the build quality of titanium nitride (TiN)-reinforced 316L and 17-4PH stainless steels was conducted. The samples were characterized to investigate theirsurface defects, melt pool dimensions, and penetration depth. Results: Addition of TiN in themetal matrix results in severely uneven surface at the volume fraction of 5 and 10 wt%. Inaddition to the uneven surface, a large variation in melt pool geometries is another evidenceof unstable melt pool which is potentially affected by an increase in viscosity of thecomposite. It was also observed that lower scan speeds are preferred to fabricate a layer thatis free of surface defects, such as balling effect, uneven surface, and agglomeration of TiN.However, if the scan speed was kept too low, the samples shows unwanted keyhole effectwhere the melt pool penetrated significantly deeper than one layer thickness. Conclusion:While high volume fraction of TiN benefits in superior mechanical properties, it triggersseveral challenges in processability of the SLM process. An increase in the reinforcementphase results in melt pool unstability and high viscosity. In order to maintain a good surfacequality, the scan speed needs to be kept between 30-50 mm/s for a laser power of 200 W anda hatch spacing of 50 µm.


Plenary P11

Pushing the Limits of Aerial Wireless Communications for the Internet of Cow

Rosdiadee N1, Aishah MN1

[email protected]

1Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and BuiltEnvironment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor

Background and Objectives: Internet of Cow (IoC) is a technology that allows the futurefarmers to control their livestock assets by relying on the integration between smart sensors,reliable connectivity and advanced analytics. These components allow future farmers to havevaluable information related to the status, health and quality of their livestock. However, largecommercial farms are typically located in rural areas, where the availability of commercialcellular networks is somewhat limited. Methods: A high performance drone that is mountedwith a wireless IoT gateway, known as Long Range (LoRa) is developed to address thischallenge. The drone will collect various information from the cow’s ear tag and water qualitysensors that are installed scattered across the large livestock farm. Results: The researchseeks to address three key challenges related to aerial wireless communications. First is theneed to have a reliable Internet connection in a large rural area. Second is on the challenge ofextending the lifetime of the wireless sensor nodes on the farm. Finally, on the need to have awireless transmission technique that can cater to the massive growth of machinecommunications. Conclusion: Once these three key challenges have been resolved, aerialwireless communication is expected to contribute towards the automation of future large-scale farming via IoC technology.


Plenary P12

Group Antenatal Care For Women Of Mixed Obstetric Risk And Linguistic Diversity

Hanafiah AN1, Wiggins M2, Sawtell M2, Hunter R2, Kuznetsova E2, McCourt C3, Wiseman O3, Sweeney L1, Salisbury C1, Holmes V1, Mondeh K4, Robinson H4, and Harden A1

[email protected]

1Institute for Health & Human Development, University of East London, London, UK.2University of College London Institute of Education, London, UK. 3 Centre for Maternal andChild Health, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK. 4Barts HealthNHS Trust, London, UK.

Background and Objectives: Group antenatal care (gANC) has been proposed as analternative to traditional appointments during pregnancy and has been shown to improvewomen’s experiences (Byerley et al 2017, Carter et al 2016, Catling et al 2015). The modeloriginated in America and has been implemented internationally, including in Europe, Africa,Australia and Iran. The Research for Equitable Antenatal Care and Health (REACH) PregnancyProgramme in the UK, is currently carrying out the largest Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT)of gANC (Pregnancy Circles) to date, due to finish in 2021, exploring how it affects outcomesfor women and babies. The aim is to identify the effectiveness and cost effectiveness ofPregnancy Circles for improving outcomes for women and babies in areas with high levels ofpoverty, ethnic and language diversity. Methods: Pregnancy Circles is a model of gANC withmixed groups (in terms of obstetric risk and parity) being implemented in areas with highlevels of socio-economic, ethnic and linguistic diversity. This complex intervention facilitateswoman-led discussion, women self-testing (blood pressure and urinalysis), peer support andantenatal continuity of care (and one postnatal reunion). Women receive short one-to-onesessions to check maternal and fetal wellbeing within the group space. In designing the RCT,REACH applied learning from a systematic review, feasibility study and pilot trial. Results andconclusion: Group Antenatal Care including women of mixed obstetric and social risk has thepotential to improve the experiences of the women who take part, but the context of how thecare is delivered is crucial to its impact. Lessons learned from the REACH Pregnancy Circlestudy are of international relevance and will help managers and practitioners to consider theessential elements which need to be in place to implement this model of care successfully.


Plenary P13

Genomic Epidemiology, Evolutionary Dynamics and Transmission Network of Rapidly Evolving Viruses

Tee KK1

[email protected]

1Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Advances in molecular genetics in the recent decades have greatly altered our knowledge onthe breadth and diversity of the microbial world. Enhancement in methods for microbialsurveillance and discovery has not only improved disease isolation and genomecharacterization, but also established the fact that humans play an important role as amicrobial “vessel”. A genome sequence brings about the development of a variety of conceptsand methods for understanding, manipulating and mitigating the overall effect or impact ofinfectious diseases – from developing new diagnostic tests, to designing novel drug targets,and ultimately, vaccine development. In addition, microbial genomics provide insights into thepopulation structure and evolutionary dynamics of a microbe for epidemiologic and outbreakinvestigation e.g. the bubonic plague in the 1900s, and the anthrax attack in 2000s. Focusingon the rapidly evolving viruses, current technologies have created unprecedentedopportunities for studying biological and epidemiological processes, which includes novelvirus (including novel lineage) detection, population expansion, spatiotemporal movement,and disease transmission. Here, we highlight some of the recent progress in studying thegenomics and evolution of fast-evolving viruses that cause diseases in human, both in theregional and in the global scale.


Plenary P14

Kenyir For Life: Developing Sustainable Financing Mechanisms To Manage And Protect 100,000 Hectares Of Rainforest In Terengganu, Malaysia

Gopalasamy Reuben Clements1,2,*, John Mathai2, Sri Rao2 and Tajang Jinggut2

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences and Jeffrey Sachs Center on Sustainable Development,Sunway University. 2Rimba

The Kenyir watershed in the state of Terengganu is rich in biodiversity, harbouring at least 43mammal species and more than 290 bird species. The watershed provides local communitiesimportant ecosystem services such as the provision of drinking water, flood mitigation,erosion control, and the sustenance of fisheries resources. However, the forests in thewatershed are still under threat from unsustainable logging, which provides more access topoachers. There is an urgent need to prevent further forest conversion, not just for wildlife,but to sustain the livelihoods of people in Terengganu dependent on Kenyir for water andflood mitigation. In 2017, the Terengganu State Park Enactment was developed to create thestate’s first State Park, which covers an area of 30,000 ha within the Kenyir watershed.However, 70,000 ha still remain open for logging. We need to develop alternative mechanismsto help protect the entire Kenyir watershed ‘for life’, while providing economic benefits to thestate government. Here, we present several ‘green’ financing schemes for the state togenerate revenue to finance: i) sustainable, long-term forest management and protectionstrategies within the existing state park area; and ii) expand the area under protection to theadjacent 70,000 ha. This would effectively ensure the entire Kenyir watershed comes underboth protection and responsible management. This framework would be the first of its kind atthis scale in Malaysia, showcasing sustainable financing for the protection of Malaysia’srainforests.

Biodiversity & Natural resources

Plenary P15

Sustainability and Food Safety: Transition from Reactive to Preventive Food Safety Risk Management

Chai LC1

[email protected]

1Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Food system is becoming more capital-intensive, vertically integrated and diversified with theever-expanding global food trade. Expansion in food trade has increased the risk oftransboundary foodborne diseases as well as unsustainability in food system. While more andmore discerning consumers are demanding for food that not only meets the highest safetystandards, but is also produced in responsible and environmentally sustainable manners, foodsafety and sustainability are often time viewed as two different issues. In fact, food safety andsustainability are complementary of each other. For instance, reducing the use of pesticide invegetable farming has overlapping objectives in term of food safety and sustainability:fulfilling food safety standard by reducing the pesticide contaminant in vegetables and at thesame time ensuring environmental sustainability. The emphasis on sustainability has alsocatalysed the transition from reactive to preventive food safety risk management as a moresustainable approach to manage food systems. The introduction of the Food SafetyModernization Act (FSMA) by the United States has marked an important milestone of foodsafety governance and risk management reformation globally. As all countries areinterdependent and connected under the global food systems, a coherent and effectivenational, regional and international governance and risk management is required to ensure asafe and sustainable food system for the future.


Plenary P17

Energy transition

Introducing Resilience Metrics to Conventional Consequence Assessments:A Case Study on Nuclear Accident Consequence Assessment.

Silva K1,2, Chollacoop N1

[email protected]

1Renewable Energy Research Team, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC),114 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klongluang, Pathumthani 12120Thailand. 2Nuclear Research and Development Division, Thailand Institute of NuclearTechnology (Public Organization), 9 Moo 7, Sai Mun, Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok 26120Thailand.

Background and Objectives: In conventional consequence assessments of an energy system,effects of a disruption (e.g. an accident) are evaluated at a point of time or as an integratedvalue over a period of time. Yet the information on the change of consequences with time isoften needed for the design of emergency preparedness and response strategy. This studyaims to develop a framework for a time-dependent consequence assessment by introducingresilience metrics to consequence assessment. Methods: A consequence assessment of ahypothetical station blackout in a typical 1,100 MWe boiling water reactor (BWR) is used as acase study. Radiation exposure, relocation of people, and land contamination are used torepresent accident consequences. Resilience metrics and conventional metrics were used toevaluate the consequences of the accident and the results are compared. Results: Resiliencemetrics depict long-tail consequences which is typical for a nuclear accident, whileconventional metrics can only show the consequences at a point of time. They also show thatif the criteria are not appropriately determined, emergency response measures may not begood enough to mitigate the consequences in due course. In one case, people were relocatedfor several years though the decrease in radiation exposure is not significant. Conclusion:Resilience metrics can depict the change of consequences with time while conventionalmetrics cannot. They can provide useful information for the design of emergencypreparedness and response measures.

Plenary P18

Direct and Indirect Energy Data Monitoring System for Smart Community

Sataklang T 1, Sawetrattanakul S 1, and Setthapun, W 1.

[email protected]

1Asian Development College for Community Economy and Technology, Chiang Mai RajabhatUniversity, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

The aim for future sustainable communities is based on the idea of Smart Community withrenewable energy. Asian Development College for Community Economy and Technology(adiCET) has developed a Smart Community in the Mae Rim Campus of Chiang Mai RajabhatUniversity. This is a real-living smart community demonstration site with 100% renewableenergy usage. The adiCET Smart Community (ASC) comprised of 50 kW PV AC&DC Microgrid,12 small buildings and households, and community farm. The smart concept is based on usingdigital platform to collect and analyze the community data to efficiently manage thecommunity. The ASC data collection and processing platform was developed. The energy datafor the ASC is considered as direct energy data and indirect energy data from the community.The data categories that were chosen were energy generation & consumption, water usage,indoor temperature, humidity and waste generation. Sensors were installed at the selectedbuildings and the distributed generation systems for data collection. The sensors installed inthe real buildings faced several challenges such as lack of data transmission from blackouts,sensor malfunctions from animals, etc. Therefore, the data verification part is very importantto screen for the usable data and reject the corrupted data. The processed data were thenimported, grouped and reported as graph and compare the relationship between the datacategories. Through further research and development, the ASC data collection andprocessing platform could be applied to the real small community data collection to assist theefficient management of the community.

Energy Transition

Plenary P19


Getting in the Loop: from Waste Management to Circular Economy

Promentilla MAB1

[email protected]

1Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research. De La Salle University

Circular economy in its broadest sense is a paradigm to change the resource consumption andproduction pattern in the economy while achieving sustainable development through slowing,narrowing or closing material loops. In contrast to linear economic models that follow theextract-make-use-dispose pattern, circular economic models provide an opportunity totransform waste to resource, and use these as valuable inputs to create desired productsrather than extract further new raw materials. Thus, reimagining the principles of wastemanagement within the context of circular economy requires systems approach and alsoinnovations in the product design, production, use and reuse, recycling, reprocessing anddisposal. Accordingly, this talk presents some of our enabling research programs at the De LaSalle University’s Waste and Resource Management (WARM) unit of the Center forEngineering and Sustainable Development Research (CESDR) that aims to close the loop bytransforming waste as potential resource. For example, upcycling of coal fly ash and minewaste through geopolymer technology is being explored by reusing and reprocessing suchwaste to produce structural materials for built environment. In addition, we are alsoconducting studies that will enable a circular nutrient economy. This includes the recovery ofnutrients from the water and sanitation sector, and produce the next-generation fertilizer foragriculture. Emerging researchers therefore should play an important role in addressing thesechallenges and supporting our nation’s economic growth while protecting the health of ourcommunities and reducing environmental impacts; i.e., by developing systemic solutions andharnessing the value of materials we now dispose of and return them to productive use. Afterall, nature knows no waste.

Plenary P20


MEMS Based Multi-spectral Dual-axis Confocal Microendoscope For Clinical Applications

Wibool Piyawattanametha1

[email protected]

1Department of Biomedical Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang

MEMS based microendoscopes have become important imaging tools for early cancerdiagnosis and precise tumor resection. Due to various technical challenges, fewmicroendoscopes have been translated to clinics or applied to human patients. Throughsynergistic collaborations, we have developed novel MEMS scanner enabled microendoscopicmultispectral (640nm to 780nm) three- dimensional dual-axis confocal fluorescent imagingsystem for translational applications, including early cancer detection and staging oncolorectal cancer, molecular imaging guided surgical navigation on head and neck cancer.Based on dual-axis confocal microscopic architecture, we have miniaturized the imagingsystem with compact form-factor by integrating micro-optics and a patterned gold coatedMEMS scanners, which have been custom-made and mass-produced in the nanofabricationfoundry. The metal coating of the scanning mirror provide over 80% high reflectivity over nearinfra-red range. Both axes of the MEMS scanner could perform large tilting angle (> 6 degreemechanical scan angle) at DC and resonant mode. By advanced computational imagingapproach, we have achieved real-time cross-sectional imaging in either raster or lissajouspattern scanning with fast frame rate (> 10 Hz) with large field-of-view (> 600 microns).Advanced real-time mosaicing algorithm has been developed to achieve broader view inmillimeter scale. By utilizing molecular contrast probes conjugated with fluorescence dye, wehave successfully demonstrated multi-spectral ex-vivo and in-vivo imaging on small animaltumor models and human tissue specimens, aimed for both early cancer detection andmolecular imaging guided surgical navigation.

Plenary P21

Nano-based Diagnostics and Drug Delivery

Tran QH1, Anh TL1

[email protected]

1Phenikaa University Nano Institute, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District,Hanoi, Vietnam.

Communicable and non-communicable diseases are the leading causes of mortalityworldwide, making negative effects on public health and the development of socio-economy.Rapid diagnostic methods and targeted drug delivery systems are expected as the mosteffective solution to minimize the impact of these problems. In recent decades,nanotechnology has been rapidly growing with potential applications in the development ofprecise diagnosis and effective treatments with minimal side effects for human health care.Nanomaterials have revealed unique properties such as the high surface area to volume ratio,surface plasmon resonance, biodegradation, equal biodistribution, mass production, and longtime storage make them attractive alternatives for biomedical applications. They can bemodified with other materials or functionalized with specific biomolecules for modulating thepharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, biorecognition, and increasing the efficacy of targeteddrugs. Various nanomaterials have been also considered to develop diagnostics for rapiddetection of phathogenic agents such as metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, magneticnanoparticles, silica nanosphere etc. In this talk, main methodological and scientific aspects,challenges and perspectives of nanomaterials related to diagnosis and drug delivery will bediscussed. More importantly, our recent results of research projects concerning nanoparticlesapplied for separation of pathogenic agents and biosensing, and nanotoxicity are overviewed.


Fig. 1. Nanogold-based biosensing system for pathogenic detection

Plenary P22

The Potential of Homeobox Genes as Biomarker for Bladder Cancer

Chan SC1, Chin FW2, Ahmed F2, Baharudin A2, Veerakumarasivam A3

[email protected]

1Perdana University School of Foundation Studies (PUScFS), Block D Level 1, MAEPS Building,MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department ofBiomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Department of Biological Sciences, School ofScience and Technology, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor,Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary cancerafter prostate cancer. Approximately 70% of bladder cancer is non-muscle invasive bladdercancer (NMIBC), which can be treated through transurethral resection of the bladder tumour(TURBT). However, the risk of recurrence and progression in NMIBC remains high.Consequently, NMIBC patients require frequent and long-term surveillance leading to thehighest lifetime therapy cost per patients among all cancers. Due to the lacking of effectivebiomarkers for prognosis, cystoscopy continues to be widely used for surveillance of bladdercancer recurrence and progression. However, this procedure is highly invasive anduncomfortable that resulted in moderate to low compliance towards surveillance follow-upamong the patients. Therefore, the development of non-invasive biomarkers for betterbladder cancer prognosis is clinically important. Homeobox genes have the potential to bebiomarker as the dysregulation of homeobox genes have been reported in many types ofcancers including bladder cancer. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conductedto identify homeobox genes that are associated with bladder cancer. Five genes consist ofCERS2, EN2, HOXA13, HOXB13, and OTX1 were selected for the investigation of its potential asbiomarker. The mRNA and protein expression of these genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR andimmunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: All the five homeobox genes are differentiallyexpressed across a panel of bladder cancer cell lines. It was found that EN2, CERS2, and OTX1genes were highly expressed in cancer cell spheroids compared to monolayer cultures. Theresults suggest that these genes may play a role in cancer stem cells. Immunohistochemistryanalysis showed that all the genes except EN2 were expressed in most of the bladder cancertissues. High HOXA13 protein expression was significantly associated with NMIBC, lowergrade, higher number of lymph node metastasis, and higher recurrence risk. In contrast toHOXA13, low HOXB13 protein expression was significantly associated with muscle invasivebladder cancer, higher tumour stage, higher grade, and higher metastasis risk. Conclusion:Taken together, the findings suggest that the selected homeobox genes have the potential tobe further developed as biomarkers for the prognosis of bladder cancer.


ABSTRACTS FOR ORAL

PRESENTATIONS

ID No. Title

O1 Vehicle Idling Emissions: Are School Children at a Greater Risk?

O2Bringing Philippine Food and Nutrition Information and Service To Everyone in Just a Click of the Finger Through Ifnri: The Potentials of Industry 4.0 to Inform, Educate and Serve

O3Iterative Learning and Repetitive Control Algorithms for Functional Electrical Stimulation Control

O4An Exploratory Analysis of the Philippine Department of Health’s Electronic Medical Record System (iClinicSys)

O5Pharmacogenomics and Clinical Response of Carboplatin Based Chemotherapy and Its Association to Genetic Polymorphism in Lung Cancer Patients

O6Seal and Heal Ointment: Effects of Cryopreserved and Lyophilized Amniotic Fluid & Membrane (AFM) Ointment on the Wound Healing Process in Sprague Dawley Rat

O7Synergistic Effects of Nanomedicine Targeting TNFR2 and DNA DemethylationInhibitor: An Opportunity for Cancer Treatment

O8 Functional Food: Value-Adding Food Research

O9 Development of Roasted Sacha Inchi Nuts with Different Tastes

O10 Sensory Acceptability of Beverage Developed From Cornsilk (Zea Mays Hairs).

O11Rice Straw Derived Biochar for Carbon Dioxide Capture: A Study on the Effect of Pyrolysis Conditions on the CO2 Adsorption Capacity

O12Blue Communities - An Interdisciplinary Marine Research Capacity Building Project in Southeast Asia; A Sharing of Malaysian Experience

O13Psychological and Criminological Profile of Commercial Crime Offenders: A Qualitative Study Among Malaysian Police and Prison Officers

O14 The Tridea Project: Towards an Ethics of Co-creation

O15 Citizen Designers in Participatory Policy-Making: A case of Protopolicy in Malaysia

O16Preliminary Studies on Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Monitoring Using A Single Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell

O17 Application of Microbubble Technology in Biogas Purification

O18Novel Bipolar Thin Film Heterojunction Diode Using Cuprous Oxide and Amorphous Zinc-Tin Oxide for Large Area Electronics

O19The Impact of Noise from Rail-Based Mass Rapid Transit System on Property Prices in the Klang Valley

O20 ICT Based Gamification in Education

TABLE OF CONTENTS

O21 Towards Sustainable Development of Optoelectronic Devices

O22 The Legal Framework on 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in Malaysia

O23 Isolation of Antimicrobial Compounds from Bacterial Endophytes to Target Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

O24Evaluating a Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation Activity in the Philippines: Findings of a Mixed Methods Research on Operation Timbang Plus

O25Bacterial Bioaerosol in the Indoor and Outdoor Air of Selected Urban and Rural Primary Schools in the Philippines

O26The Influence of Maternal Psychological State on Breast Milk Composition and Infant Well-being: A Randomised Controlled Trial

O27The Associations of Mother-Infant Factors with Cognitive Performance among Malaysian Children Aged 2 to 4 years

O28School-based Nutrition in the Philippines: Perspectives of the Education and Health Sectors

O29 Sweet Food for Sweet Life

O30Fungal Spore as The Latest Greatest Threat to Endangered Green Turtle (Chelonia Mydas)

O31Municipal Solid Waste Generation at Gong Badak Residential Area Kuala Terengganu

O32Nest Tree Selection of Northeast Bornean Orangutan in Rehabilitated Forest in Sabah, Malaysia

O33 Harvested But, Through Responsible Consumption

O34Soil Microbiome Metagenomic Profile Changes Associated To Agricultural Land Use

O35Understanding Factors of Using Public Transportation Among Women in Kuala Lumpur

O36De-energising Alternative Media: The Endangerment of The Key Agent Without Purpose

O37 Programmes as Sustaining Collaborative Partnership Efforts

O38Affordances of Online Self-assessment And Metacognitive Reflection in High School Physics

O39 Digital Literature: Current State of Research in Indonesia

O40Factors Related to Intention to Stop Pornography Viewing Among Malaysian Youths Facebook Users

O41The Utilization of Used Water: Water that has been Put Through a Primary Function, to Generate Electricity in a Micro Scale Hydropower Unit

O42 Energy for Mobility in Indonesia: Is Indonesia ready for electric vehicles?

O43 An Adaptation of TRIZ for Problem-Solving in Engineering Education

O44Exploring the Diffusion of Food Tourism Promotions Through ASEAN Destination of Marketing Organizations (DMOs) Official Websites & Social Media Applications

O45 Techno Economic Study of Chemical Zinc Oxide Synthesis from Zinc Dross Waste

O46Is the Health System Stronger when Localities Decide for Themselves? Lessons from Devolution of Health Services in the Philippines

O47A Comparison of Perceived Food Safety Knowledge and Real Food Safety Practices at Work among the Food Handlers

O48 Mushroom Poisoning in Malaysia: Challenges & Way Forward

O49 Parent-child feeding practices among Malaysian Chinese families in Klang Valley

O50Asian Mollusks Shells Waste as Renewable Source for the Production of Biogenic Calcium Carbonate and Its Characterization

O51Effect of Increasing CO2 Concentration On Absorption And Nutrient Removal Of Supra Intensive Pond Wastewater By Marine Microalgae Tetraselmis Chui

O52You are What You Eat: Stable Isotope Analysis as a New Emerging Tool in Marine Research

O53 Impact of AI in Educational Research

O54The Effects of Nature Sound in Open-Plan Office on Cognitive Performance of Employees

O55Visualizing Yeast Research in Biopharmaceutical Sciences using Bibliometric and Scientometric Approaches

O56 Peace Education in Primary Schools in the Central Highlands of Papua, Indonesia

O57Providing Sustainable Sanitation In Kampung Sungai Jang, Selangor: Barriers And Strategies

Oral O1


Vehicle Idling Emissions: Are School Children at a Greater Risk?

Ezani E1, Subramaniam T1, Zainal Abidin E1, Latif M.T2

[email protected]

1Department Environmental & Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UniversitiPutra Malaysia (UPM) 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2School of Environmental and NaturalResource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: An operating vehicle is known to emits an increase concentration ofparticulates closer to the road from its tailpipe. Idling is an act of leaving a vehicle’s engine runningwhile it is stationary. There has been little study reported on vehicle idling emissions near schools inthe upper-middle-income countries where the population of motor vehicle increases and the healthimpact among children has become a major concern. This study aims to examine the impact of trafficemissions during vehicle idling an urban primary school in Malaysia. Methods: Air sampling of PM2.5(fine particulate matter), traffic count and meteorological measurements (wind speed, temperatureand relative humidity) were carried out during morning and afternoon. All measurements were doneboth on the weekdays and weekends at drop-off and pick-zone near the school entrance. A dispersionand deposition models (ENVI-MET) were simulated to further analyse whether the school design canact as barrier for the nearby traffic emissions. Results: We found consistently increased PM2.5 levelsduring rush hour at drop-off & pick-up zone. Higher PM2.5 concentrations (78% higher) were observedduring weekdays compared to the weekend. We observed traffic volume were higher 20 times onweekdays compared to weekend. Private cars were found dominated at the drop zone during thetraffic surveys. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings are very useful to evaluate changes in air qualitylevels and health effects to school children. This will be useful to introduce the inhibition of localemission sources from idling vehicles activities by introducing no-idling zone with the school areas.This study suggests that school children have greater exposure to airborne particles from vehicle idlingactivities.

Keywords: traffic emissions, air quality, school built-environment

Figure 1: Summary of Weekdays and Weekend Measurements of PM2.5 concentrations during morning (drop-off) and afternoon (pick-up) periods.

Oral O2


Bringing Philippine Food and Nutrition Information and Service To Everyone in Just a Click of the Finger Through Ifnri: The Potentials of Industry 4.0 to Inform, Educate and Serve

Aguila DV1, Capanzana MV1, and FNRI ICT Committee1

[email protected]

1Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute, DOSTCompound, General Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines.

Background and Objectives: With the current era, people have been searching online forhealth and nutrition information. Hence, the public need access to accurate and appropriatefood and nutrition information, which could help one’s nutrition situation. Thus, the studyaimed to develop, pre-test and implement the Philippine-based online site of nutritioninformation, database and services called iFNRI. Methods: The study involved websitedevelopment, pre-testing and implementation. Diffusion of innovation theoryand descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages were used to analyze data. Pre-testing utilized online questionnaire accomplished by 87 respondents, soliciting informationon visual appeal, content, navigation and overall impression. Results: iFNRI website wasdeveloped with six components: iAssess, iServe, iPromote, iBusiness, iLearn and iTrain. iAssesscreates, administers, and provides thorough analysis of anthropometric tests, recipe andmenu evaluation online. iServe banks on improving the Institute’s frontline services to clients.iBusiness enables the Institute to market its laboratory services to clients. iPromote deliverspromotional marketing messages and food and technology products to the clients of theInstitute online. iLearn encompasses the use of electronic media and ICT in educating thevarious clients of the Institute with or without nutrition background. iTrain offers onlinetraining and webinars in food and nutrition. A total of projects (databases and services) arelodged under the iFNRI. Based on pre-testing, users found the site accessible (87.4%), useful(89.7%), with an average (71.3%) downloading capability. Users suggested additionalinformation and user-friendly language. Since its launch in 2016, the site had 1,824,723 hits asof August 2019. Conclusion: The website is on the early adopter stage. The website can befurther promoted to increase nutrition consciousness among users. It is envisioned that theintelligent ICT-enabled systems combined with scientific knowledge and local know-how willprovide more solutions to the persistent malnutrition problems, and result in better quality oflives for the Filipino people.

Figure 1. iFNRI logo

Oral O3


Iterative Learning and Repetitive Control Algorithms for Functional Electrical Stimulation Control

Kurniawan E1

[email protected]

1Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI),Kawasan PuspiptekSerpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Banten , Indonesia.

Abstract : Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) has become a common technique to helppeople with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in improving their motor functions. SCI is caused bydiseases that destroy the neurological tissue, in which it is often irreversible and can result inpartial or total loss of sensory function. FES can be used to help people with SCI to do regularmovements such as grasping, standing, cycling, walking. This research assesses theperformance of learning control algorithms for controlling FES. FES sends electrical pulses tothe muscle, and with the correct control signal, the joint angle (e.g. ankle angle) can becontrolled by modulating the intensity of stimulation delivered to the muscles. Learningcontrol algorithms namely, Iterative Learning Control (ILC) and Repetitive Control (RC), can beapplied to manipulate the stimulation so the repetitive movement can be achieved. Aperformance study of ILC and RC algorithms for controlling FES is presented here. Severaldesigns of ILC and RC for controlling FES model of ankle angle are simulated. The behaviourand performance of both control methods are compared and discussed.

Oral O4


An Exploratory Analysis of the Philippine Department of Health’sElectronic Medical Record System (iClinicSys)

Gloria, E.Y.1 2 3, Cordova, R.Q.1 2 3, Ygaña, J.S.1 2 3

[email protected]

1Republic of the Philippines Department of Health, Health Policy Development and Planning Bureau, City of Manila, Philippines, 1003. 2 Republic of the Philippines Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Taguig, Philippines 1631. 3 University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines 1101.

Background and Objectives: In the Philippines, the Department of Health’s (DOH) ElectronicMedical Record System (EMRS), also known as the Integrated Clinic System (iClinicSys), wasdeveloped in 2013 as a strategy to facilitate better patient management in primary care, andacquire comprehensive and timely data. Currently, the iClinicSys database contains big data inthe department that is untouched for any policy, research, or secondary use case purposes.Hence, this study aimed to explore the EMRS of the DOH to draw actionable insights.Specifically, to describe encoding patterns and characteristics of individual treatment records(ITRs). Methods: A total enumeration of ITRs (registration and consultation information) fromgovernment primary healthcare providers engaged in iClinicSys from January 2015 –December 2018 were analyzed on a per variable basis using exploratory data analysismethodologies. Results: A total of 7,871,563 unique patient registration information from4,651 unique facilities and 10,335,565 consultation records from 4,477 unique facilities as ofMarch 19, 2019 submission were utilized. Highlights of the results showed that data fieldscontained a large percentage of NULL values except for the social insurance and servicesfields; registration and consultation date and time are indicative of data encoding rather thanreal-time patient encounters; various data characteristics highlighted the disadvantage ofusing unstructured data and flexible input to EMR fields for both structured and unstructuredinformation; and majority of ICD10 diagnosis is general consult followed by Hypertension.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the iClinicSys is mainly being used for basic informationon social health insurance and services, and encoding schemes and input fields are keyconcerns for improvement. Despite these, its data has the potential to be used for evidencebased decision making and in developing strategies for patient care and public health policy atthe primary care level.

Oral O5


Pharmacogenomics and Clinical Response of Carboplatin Based Chemotherapy and its Association to Genetic Polymorphism in Lung Cancer Patients

Ritambhara1, Tiwari S2, Kumar M1

1Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP-211002, 2Department of Radiation Oncology, Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital, Prayagraj, UP-211002.

Background and objectives: Platinum based compounds such as carboplatin and thirdgeneration drugs are widely used in lung cancer treatments. These platinum compounds alterthe cellular processes and may leads to severe toxicity. Most lung cancer patients arediagnosed at advanced, inoperable stages in which chemotherapy and radiation are foremostoptions of treatment. DNA damage due to the interplay between genetic and environmentalfactors are also an etiologic milieu of this malignant disease. The objective of the presentstudy is to explore inter-individual differences of single nucleotide polymorphism of DNArepair genes, drug metabolizing enzyme and other pathways influence to overall efficacy ofchemotherapy and related toxicity among lung cancer patients. Method and materials: In thisstudy 247 lung cancer patients were treated with platinum compound carboplatin and thirdgeneration drugs (paclitaxel, gemcitabine). Total seven gene polymorphism XRCC1, XPD,GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, IL1β and IL1RN are included to investigate a relationship withchemotherapy response and its associated toxicity. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed byPCR and PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism)method. Results: We found that hazard ratio were significantly higher for XPD751Gln(HR=2.11, 95%CI: 0.98-4.53, p=0.056) and IL1β511C/T (HR=9.91, 95%CI: 2.55-38.40, p=0.001),amplifies the risk of disease progression. GSTT1 null (HR=0.39, 95%CI: 0.18-0.84, p=0.017)genotype showed better response to chemotherapy. Variants of XRCC1 Gln/Gln (p=0.003),GSTT1 null (p=0.057) and GSTM1 (p=0.045) showed increased risk towards hematologicaltoxicity. Generalized multidimensional reduction (GMDR) model suggested that IL1RN(CVC=10/10, P=0.054) and XRCC1399Gln, GSTM1 (CVC=10/10, p=0.001) as best predictedmodel in lung cancer patients to the treatment response. Hematological toxicity observed forXRCC1399Gln (CVC=10/10, p=0.001) as single factor model. Conclusion: DNA repair gene(XRCC1, XPD), drug metabolizing gene (GSTM1 and GSTT1) could serve as genetic biomarkersin lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy to improve drug sensitivity and reduceddrug toxicity.

Fig 1: The probability of overall survival alteration depending on XRCC1 (399 G > C) genotype

Oral O6


Seal and Heal Ointment: Effects of Cryopreserved and Lyophilized Amniotic Fluid & Membrane (AFM) Ointment on the Wound Healing Process in Sprague Dawley Rat

Bana ED1, Ang Gobonseng E1,Babaylan A1,Renacia M1, Sabueto C1, Saquin I1,Tenorio A1

[email protected]

1Silliman University Medical School, Dumaguete City 6200, Philippines.

Background and Objectives: Chronic wound management is an extensive and expensiveprogram. In response to this worldwide pressing problem, effective drug is potentiallyrewarding to preserve the structural integrity of the patients. Amniotic fluid & membrane(AFM) derived medicines have recently been determined to have wound healing effects, butincorporation in the formulation of ointment has not been established. In this study, theeffects of AFM ointment on wound healing were investigated through animal experiments.Methods: Skin wound of 2x2 cm excision was created at the back of each rat. The woundedrats were classified as control group using commercial ointment (Brand X) and experimentalgroups using 3% and 5% AFM-based ointment. The proteins present was determined both inBiuret and Bradford methods. The wounds were treated with AFM ointments (3% and 5%),dressed and measured every other day until complete healing. Results: Experimental resultsrevealed that cryopreserved and lyophilized AFM-based ointment significantly healed woundsstarting day 4, peaking at day 6 and completely healed at day 14 as compared to commerciallyavailable leading ointment which completely healed at day 20. The AFM groups significantlyshowed faster size reduction of wound areas compared with the commercially availableleading ointment. The utilization of AFM does promote acceleration of epithelial cellreproduction, collagen, fiber formation and angiogenesis as early as day 4 in the woundhealing process. The AFM is composed principally of proteins which were determined both inBiuret and Bradford methods, which absorption curve projects high sensitivity range thatcontributes to the accelerated healing process. Conclusion: The amniotic fluid & membrane(AFM) in both concentrations were confirmed to have shortened the wound healing processby days, size of contraction and improved tissue characteristics. Therefore, this is a promisingroute towards an effective wound treatment agent.

Keywords: Wounds, healing, amniotic fluid & membrane ointments, biomedical, stem cell.

Oral O7


Synergistic Effects of Nanomedicine Targeting TNFR2 and DNA Demethylation Inhibitor: An Opportunity for Cancer Treatment

Mohammad A. I. Al-Hatamleh1, Rohimah Mohamud1, Rosline Hassan2

[email protected]

1Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150Kelantan, Malaysia. 2Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti SainsMalaysia, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is expressed on some tumor cells, such as myeloma,Hodgkin lymphoma, colon cancer and ovarian cancer, as well as immunosuppressive cells.There is increasingly evidence that TNFR2 expression in cancer microenvironment hassignificant implications in cancer progression, metastasis and immune evasion. Althoughnanomedicine has been extensively studied as a carrier of cancer immunotherapeutic agents,no study to date has investigated TNFR2-targeting nanomedicine in cancer treatment. Froman epigenetic perspective, previous studies indicate that DNA demethylation might beresponsible for high expressions of TNFR2 in cancer models. This perspective review discussesa novel therapeutic strategy based on nanomedicine that has the capacity to target TNFR2along with inhibition of DNA demethylation. This approach may maximize the anti-cancerpotential of nanomedicine-based immunotherapy and, consequently, markedly improve theoutcomes of the management of patients with malignancy.

Oral O8


Functional Food: Value-Adding Food Research

Lim SJ1,2, Wan Aida WM1,2, Babji AS1,2, Fazry S1

[email protected]

1Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Innovation Centre for ConfectioneryTechnology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Background and Objectives: Food comes in various “shapes and sizes”, in which it is acomplex system of micro- and macro-nutrients. Traditionally, food consumption is essentialfor nutrition, energy and maintenance of the human body. However, due to the demand andlifestyle needs, functional food has become a novel area of research, whereby functional foodconsumption is vital to provide specific health benefits, over and above its nutritional value.Methods: Food science enables us to value-add and unravel the food components of itsfunctional properties, which would not ordinarily be available. Knowing the science andchemistry of food and how ingredients interact facilitate us to render some nutrients to befunctional and more readily available. Results: Our research on functional food has verydiverse resources, which we termed as sea, sky and land. These resources are very different innature with very distinct characteristics. Nevertheless, the research objectives andapproaches are very similar, that is, to understand the science behind the food resources,which subsequently enable us to produce and develop functional food and ingredients,through innovative methods. Conclusions: Research in functional food are translational andimpactful. It encompasses fundamental scientific discovery, which are translated to appliedresearch, and subsequently product development and commercialisation. These researchincreases the value of the resources and products, both nutritionally and economically.

Oral O9


Development of Roasted Sacha Inchi Nuts with Different Tastes

Tan R1, Ren N2

[email protected]

1Food Technology and Nutrition Research Unit, Research and Innovation Center, Institute ofTechnology of Cambodia, Russian Federation Boulevard, P.O Box 86, 12156 Phnom Penh,Cambodia. 2Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia,Russian Federation Boulevard, P.O Box 86, 12156 Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Sacha Inchi nut is an excellent source of Omega fatty acids that are essential for human lifeand high economic value. Moreover, Sacha Inchi nut is rich in oil (35 to 60%) and protein(27%). Properly consumption of Sacha Inchi has many health benefits such as prevention fromcancer, coronary heart disease, and hypertension. Due to these benefits, Sacha Inchi hasrecently became a popular one for Cambodians. The already processed products are roastedSacha Inchi nuts with natural and salty tastes, and Sacha Inchi oil. However, the processing ofSacha Inchi nuts with different tastes to be ready to eat snack is not yet available inCambodian markets. Therefore, this study is to develop roasted Sacha Inchi nuts with differenttastes including honey, tamari, tom yam, and palm sugar tastes. Sacha Inchi nuts weresimilarly processed for these 4 tastes. To compare these 4 products regarding the quality andpreference, physicochemical analysis, sensory evaluation, and microbiological analysis duringone month storage were conducted. The results showed that the composition of fresh SachaInchi nuts consisted of 2.76% moisture content, 47.98% fat, 28.52% protein, 5.51% totalsugars and 2.76% ash content. For taste added Sacha Inchi nuts, their composition was slightlychange depending on the ingredients and processing method used. The result of sensoryanalysis demonstrated that the increment preference order is from original (5.62), honey(6.37), tom yam (6.02), palm sugar (6.35) and tamari (5.82). Furthermore, the microbiologicalanalysis indicated that all taste added Sacha Inchi nuts were absent of yeasts and molds, E.coli, and coliforms. Even though the total plate count was found except nuts with tamari tastebut it was under the standard. To sum up, processing Sacha Inchi nuts with honey and palmsugar get more preference by consumers compared to tamari and original tastes.

Oral O10


Sensory Acceptability of Beverage Developed from Cornsilk (Zea Mays Hairs).

Wan Rosli WI1, Siti Azhani A1, Nurraihana H1.

[email protected]

1Nutrition and Dietetics Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Background and Objectives: Cornsilk is the by-product of maize and traditionally has beingused to treat various ailments such as remediating inflammation of urinary bladder, prostateand treatment for irritation of urinary system since ancient time. This study aims to evaluatesensory acceptability of beverages developed from cornsilk which treated with differentformulations. Methods: Boiling technique was used to prepare cornsilk beverages withdifferent formulations namely cornsilk with lemon (CL) and cornsik with lemon and butterflypea flower (CLB). These beverages were evaluated for sensorial attributes such as colour,aroma, flavour, sweetness and overall acceptance. Results: Result of colour shows that thecornsilk prepared with butterfly pea flower produce an attractive colour. CLB beverage wasreceived the highest score for colour (5.87) followed by control beverage (5.50) and CLbeverage (4.93). Similarly, the aroma attribute was also recorded the highest score for CLBbeverage and followed by control and CL beverages. Meanwhile, no significant differencesobserved for the attribute of sweetness. However, the degree of acceptance for sensoryevaluation was ranked as follows; CLB>CL>control. Conclusion: Majority of panelists havefavoured cornsilk developed with lemon and butterfly pea flower. Comprehensive in vitro andin vivo pharma-nutritional study for this beverage is in progress.

Keywords: Cornsik, butterfly pea flower, sensory evaluation.

Oral O11

Biodiversity & Natural Resources

Rice Straw Derived Biochar for Carbon Dioxide Capture: A Study on the Effect of Pyrolysis Conditions on the CO2 Adsorption Capacity

Esporlas JM1, Del Rosario JAM1, Laxamana JR1, Castro J1,2

[email protected]

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santo Tomas,España Blvd., 1008 Manila, Philippines. 2Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences,University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., 1008 Manila, Philippines

Background and Objectives: Carbon dioxide is one of the dominant contributors to climatechange due to its nocuous effect that plays a great role in increasing the global temperature.On the rise of emerging solutions to mitigate this devastating increase in carbon dioxideemission is through CO2 capture using carbon-based adsorbents from biomass. SincePhilippines is known to be an agricultural country, rice straw, which is one of the mostabundant agricultural waste in the country, was utilized in this study. Specifically, the researchdetermined the effect of pyrolysis temperature and residence time on the adsorption capacityof rice straw biochar as CO2 adsorbent. Methods: Two pyrolysis conditions were varied in theconversion of rice straw biomass to biochar: pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis residencetime. For the varying temperature, the residence time was set to two hours and the followingtemperature were observed: 300, 400, 500 and 600°C. For the varying residence time, thepyrolysis temperature was set to 600°C and the following residence time were observed: 1, 2,3 and 4 hours. All the adsorbents prepared at various pyrolysis conditions were characterizedusing Thermogravimetric Analyzer and Scanning Electron Microscope. Results: Results showedthat at constant residence time, the CO2 adsorption capacity increases with increasingpyrolysis temperature of the biochar. The highest adsorption capacity of 0.52 mmol CO2/gadsorbent was observed for the biochar produced at 500°C for 2hrs. Under constanttemperature, results showed a decreasing adsorption capacity with increasing residence time.The highest adsorption capacity of 0.64 mmol CO2/g adsorbent was observed for the biocharproduced at 600°C for 1hr. Conclusion: It can be deduced that both the pyrolysis temperatureand residence time could affect the efficiency of the biochar produced for carbon dioxideadsorption. Among the adsorbents produced at various pyrolysis conditions, the biocharproduced at 500°C for 2hrs showed the highest adsorption capacity.

Oral O12


Blue Communities - An Interdisciplinary Marine Research Capacity Building Project in Southeast Asia; A Sharing of Malaysian Experience

Goh HC1, Then AYH2, Kari F3, Dahlui M4, Suhaimi J5, Yang Amri A6, Fadzil KS7, Syed Hussein MA8, Lim VC1, Mohd Noor MI1, Mohd Zain MA1, Wan Mohamad Ariffin WNS1, Mohd Yusof NK1, Johari S1, Justine

EV1

[email protected]

1Blue Communities, c/o Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment,University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty ofScience, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Department of Economics, Faculty ofEconomics and Administration, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. 4Department ofSocial and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. 5Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 6Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 KualaLumpur, Malaysia. 7Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 8Borneo Marine Research Institute, UniversitiMalaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Blue Communities is a 4-year research capacity building programme formarine planning in East and South-East (E/SE) Asia, funded by UK Research and Innovation’s GlobalChallenges Research Fund (GCRF), aimed at responding to the UN Sustainable Development Goals ofno poverty, zero hunger and good health and well-being for coastal communities through thesustainable use of marine resources. This presentation aims to highlight the programmeinterdisciplinary nature through the interconnectedness of the projects and lessons learned in the firsthalf of the programme. Methods: The programme consists of 12 interconnected research projects,which will be actively integrated to support marine planning. Under this programme, 10 crosscuttingcapacity building activities will be undertaken by the partner countries involved namely Vietnam,Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia. The projects include evidence synthesis, critical analysis ofmarine planning model applications, impacts on ecosystem services and values, well-being benefitsand risks of coastal living, earth observation approaches, ecosystem service trade-offs, principles andapproaches to decision making, future scenarios of changes in resources, ecosystem level policy andmanagement options, and systematic scenario planning. Results: The project has just entered its thirdyear. In the first two years, the research team focused mainly on identifying the key researchquestions linking each project by engaging with the case study multi-level stakeholders of differentnature, apart from building research capacity among the Blue Communities’ researchers throughlocally and regionally organized training workshops. The roadmap of the programme at the case studylevel has been periodically revised to reflect the reality at Malaysian case study level and among thecase studies. The second half of the programme will then shift its emphasis to secure research fundingwhile continuing with the existing capacity building by extending to various stakeholders. Conclusion:Three major lessons learned from the Blue Communities programme so far include the importance ofengaging with the stakeholders and the willingness of researchers embarking into interdisciplinaryprojects.

Oral O13


Psychological and Criminological Profile of Commercial Crime Offenders: A Qualitative Study Among Malaysian Police and Prison Officers

Shankar D1, Geshina Ayu MS1

[email protected]

1Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: In the first eight months of 2019, the Malaysian governmentrecorded 3,533 victimization cases due to commercial crimes equalling to a loss of more thanRM186 million. Cognisant of the lack of solid contemporary knowledge regarding commercialcrimes and offenders, this study aimed to explore the profile of commercial crime offenders(CCOs) in Malaysia. Methods: This study utilised a non-experimental cross-sectional researchdesign. It is a qualitative research that made use of the inductive approach. 20 Malaysianpolice and prison officers participated, and their experiences of handling commercial crimeswere used to study the profile of CCOs. Semi-structured, face-to-face individual interview wasused as a research instrument in this study. Results: The thematic analysis generated threethemes from the raw transcripts: (1) experiences in handling commercial or white collarcrimes, (2) psychological profile of CCOs, and (3) criminological profile of CCOs. The firsttheme extracted valuable information on common cases and the reality of commercial crimesin Malaysia. Further, the difficulties in investigating commercial crime cases and collectingforensic evidence were identified. Significant psychological characteristics of CCOs wereexplored and explained under the second theme. Under the third theme, factors behindcommercial crime participation and modus operandi of various commercial crimes wereexplored. Conclusion: The outcome of this explorative research provides insight to thegrowing body of knowledge on commercial crimes in Malaysia and is useful for communityleaders and law enforcement agencies to strategise appropriate prevention efforts to combatcommercial crimes in Malaysia. The findings herein suggest a need for greater quadruple helixcollaboration between civil society-academic-industry-business to combat commercial crimes.

Oral O14


The Tridea Project: Towards an Ethics of Co-creation

Winstanley L1 You W2

[email protected]

1School of Art, Design & Media, Nanyang Technological University, 81 Nanyang Drive,Singapore, 637458. 2School of Art, Design & Media, Nanyang Technological University, 81Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637458

Background and Objectives: Contemporary designers contend with the challenge of problem-solving in an ever evolving creative landscape and subsequently there is a fundamentalrequisite to explore new and innovative methodologies in order to accommodate theseadvancing socio-cultural needs. This requires the acknowledgement that ethics areintrinsically involved in how designers engage with society and that empathy can only be thebeginning of a larger conversation. Consequently, in order to navigate this shifting creativepanorama, the optimization of users’ needs should be a prime consideration, alongside thecultivation of shared spaces, from within which, production and consumption of design canaspire to contribute to a more noble purpose than mere consumerism alone. Methods:Accordingly, this paper introduces, The Tridea Project, an ongoing, creative project whichfacilitates international, co-creation as a means to foster inclusion and espouse diversity.Tridea invites participants to engage in an online form of the Surrealist parlour game, TheExquisite Corpse; a method of collaging images by several participants into one co-createdcomposition. A.I. has been leveraged to appoint virtual teams based on geographic andcultural diversity and to then automate aggregation of individual contributions into one co-created artefact. Artworks generated will then be sold as art-prints and all proceeds fromthese sales donated to international charities. Results: This project proposes that Tridea willengage participants in creative practice with a philanthropic purpose, thereby, fostering anethical approach to co-creation. Tridea is currently undergoing beta testing and a soft launchis planned December, 2019. There will be several rounds of iteration before the live version isreleased for public participation, tentatively scheduled for February 2020. Conclusion: Trideabrings international creatives together, builds bridges and removes barriers to co-creation.Ergo, ethical co-creation can, not only, be encouraged but elevated to provide a conduit forsocial inclusion through creative practice.

Oral O15


Citizen Designers in Participatory Policy-Making: A case of Protopolicy in Malaysia

Yong MH1, Tsekleves E2, Lee CAL1, Giga S2, Lau SL1, Tan D3, SC Lim3

[email protected] & [email protected]

1Department of Psychology, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 5 JalanUniversiti, 47500 Malaysia 2Lancaster University, Bailrigg, LA1 4YW United Kingdom 3UnitedNations University – International Institute of Global Health, UKM Medical Centre, JalanYaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

We present a case study of an ongoing research and outreach project “ProtoPolicyAsia” whichaims at adapting participatory speculative design to address issues surrounding the elderlyand persons with disabilities (PwDs) in the Malaysian context. This is a relatively newapproach compared to the tried-and-tested method in the UK government and conventionalpractices in Malaysia. Our case study focuses on the development and implementation of theco-designing speculative design workshops with NGOs, the Malaysian government, and civilsociety. These workshops aim to improve collaboration and cross-cultural communicationacross these communities in the formulation of policies relating to ageing and disabilities. Wewill outline some of the successes and challenges faced in the adaptation of speculativedesign to participatory design in order to bridge the gap between research outcomes andsocial implementation.

Oral O16

Energy transition

Preliminary Studies On Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Monitoring Using A Single Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell

Nik Mahmood NA1, Manimaran D1, Murughesu K1, Ghazali NF1, A. Rahman R1, Mohd Fazlillah MH2, Ismail S3

[email protected]

1Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and EnergyEngineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru,Malaysia. 2Diploma Programme, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Kimia dan Sumber Asli, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang . 3East CorridorRenewable Energy (ECRE), School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Trengganu,21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: This research was conducted to evaluate microbial fuel cell(MFC) as a tool for in-situ monitoring for anaerobic digester. A Single chambered MFC hasbeen used as a basic technology for producing power from waste or organic substancesthrough anaerobic digestion. The similarities of working concept with a typical biogasproduction system motivates the research in such a way that both anaerobic digester a.k.a.biogas system and MFC can be integrated in relation of anaerobic digestion and powerproduction. The performance of MFCs is analysed based on power generation measure usingmicrobial fuel cell. Methods: The experiment started with the designing of the simple 250 mlanaerobic digester to produce activated sludge. The anaerobic digester was operated with theused of 3 different ratios which was a combination of vegetable waste: sludge = 1:2, 2:1 and2:2. The steps include sampling of activated sludge produced from the anaerobic digester andmixed it in a single chambered MFC set-up along with the addition of vegetable and 0.1 Mpotassium phosphate (KPi, pH 7.0) buffer solution. For each ratio of anaerobic digesteractivated sludge, the MFC was run for 24 hours with 50 ml of activated sludge, 80 ml of wastevegetable and 120 ml of KPi buffer. The MFC was constantly run for 3 cycle or days until theopen circuit voltage (OCV) reaches constant value. Samples were collected from daily cyclesand stored for further analysis. Meanwhile, when OCV stabilized (approximately 3 days)different resistance was connected to obtain the highest voltage for each resistance. Results:Based on current results, 50 x 103 Ω able to produce the highest voltage for each vegetable:sludge ratio set-up. Thus, the 50 x 103 Ω was used for further power generation analysis.Conclusion: In conclusion, MFC able to proof that it is the most immediate foreseeableapplication on advanced monitoring and control of AD system as a biosensor.

Oral O17

Energy transition

Application of Microbubble Technology in Biogas Purification

Sounthisack PH1, Sung Yang2, Khuanphaeng L3, Padid L4

[email protected]

1,3,4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University ofLaos, Lao-Thai road, Vatnark Village, Sistanark District, 3166, Vientiane, Lao P.D.R. 2School ofMechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.

The increasing number of large-scale pig farms in Vientiane capital’s suburban areas has madefeasible applications of large biogas plants and the main component of biogas is methane(CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and other impurities.Hydrogen sulfide is typically the most harmful because it is toxic and corrosive to mostequipment. Moreover, the combustion of H2S leads to sulfur dioxide emissions, which haveharmful environmental effects. Removing H2S is recommended to increase safety, and enablepossible utilization of more application. This research is using the venturi tube to producedmicrobubble of biogas from the pig farm in Vientiane to have enough time in contactingsurface with water to remove H2S and CO2 in biogas at the bottom side of purificationcolumn. The treated biogas will be pressed to the Iron oxide pack bed column to removeresidual impurity substances. Before the purification process, the biogas has the maincomponents: CH4, CO2 and H2S equivalent to about 68.95%, 45.7%, and 7040 ppmrespectively. Therefore, this experiment, which creates microbubbles of biogas through theventuri tube, was able to reduce CO2, H2S and increase CH4 values by about 25.34%, 1097ppm, and 75.4%, respectively; The residual CO2 and H2S content were absorbed throughchemical adsorption, as the CO2 values decreased to 21%, CH4 increased to 80.53% andeliminated H2S values to 0 ppm. Industrial-scale biogas technology application in Laos has justrecently initiated, still lacking experiences and facilities so there would be the right time toinitiate research on biogas technology, particularly to help the company with biogaspurification. Therefore, this research activities initiated the biogas purification system by usingmicrobubble technology in biogas the system and it can increase the percentage of methanegas (CH4) by decreasing Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

Oral O18


Novel Bipolar Thin Film Heterojunction Diode Using Cuprous Oxide and Amorphous Zinc-Tin Oxide for Large Area Electronics

Khong YJ1, Niang KM1, Han S1, Coburn NJ1, Flewitt AJ1

[email protected]

1Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, 9 J J Thomson Avenue, CambridgeCB3 0FA, UK.

Background and Objectives: Recent growth in electronics and Internet of Things (IoT)demands development in devices manufactured using non-toxic, simpler and cheapermaterials and methods, while improving device performance. Most researches are focused onthin film transistors (TFT) but bipolar devices have higher current capacity at higher frequencyrange. Cuprous oxide and amorphous zinc-tin oxide are great replacements to existingtechnologies used in large-area electronics like amorphous silicon and organics. This studyseeks to illustrate the potential and improvement of the metal oxide combination in bipolarthin film heterojunction diodes by increasing forward current and minimising reverse leakagecurrent, hence increasing rectification. Methods: Heterojunction diodes sized 1 mm × 1 mmwere fabricated on Corning 7059 glass by reactive sputtering in vacuum chamber andpatterned using photolithography and lift-off process. Various measurements such as current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V) and Hall effect were used to characterise the samples.Plasma treatment was done on the samples in a Phillips reactive ion etching machine withnitrogen and oxygen at fixed flow rate of 100 sccm, power 74 W for 1 minute each. Results:As-deposited untreated diodes were rectifying, albeit at a low rectification ratio. C-Vmeasurements proved presence of a potential barrier crucial for proper operation. Bias-stressI-V measurements showed signs of traps at junction impeding current flow and increasedleakage. Plasma surface treatments improved the rectification ratio of diodes by 100 times.Conclusion: Functioning thin film heterojunction diodes utilising cuprous oxide andamorphous zinc-tin oxide were fabricated and characterised. Results indicated the presence ofa rectifying junction and trap-limited conduction. Surface treatments have been shown toreduce limitation by trap states and improve the junction performance.

Oral O19


The Impact of Noise from Rail-Based Mass Rapid Transit System on Property Prices in the Klang Valley

Hudijan RFA1, Zulkefli ZA1, and As’arry A1

[email protected]

1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UniversitiPutra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Background and Objectives: Increased urbanization in the Klang Valley has spurred theMalaysian government to initiate the construction of various rail-based mass rapid transitsystems. Due to geography and cost considerations, for the most part, these system utilizesabove ground infrastructure. Though the introduction of these mass rapid transit system hasundenialbly brought significant advantages to the affected neighbourhoods, it also brings withit the unintended consequence of increased noise whose effect has not been properlyquantified. One approach to quantifying the effect of this increased noise from the mass rapidsystem is by analysing the record of property sales within the affected neighbourhoods.Methods: A recently completed mass rapid transit system (MRT Sungai Buloh – Kajang line)was identified as the system of interest. Record of property sales in neighbourhoods along theline were collected for analysis for different property categories and over two time periods:before and after the construction of the MRT line. Sales of properties within 500 meters of theline were compared to sales of properties within 500 to 1000 meters of the line to establishthe effect of noise on property prices. Results: The results indicate that the presence of noisefrom the MRT line has some impacts on property prices within certain neighbourhoods andfor certain property categories. For developed neighbourhoods, the presence of increasednoise has a dampening impact on the increase in property prices. For developingneighbourhoods, the impact of noise is not evident in the available data. Conclusion: Theeffect of noise from the MRT line on property prices is neighbourhood and property typespecific. Developed neighbourhoods are more affected than developing neighbourhoods,indicating that the effects of noise on property prices in the Klang Valley is only one of manyfactors that may affect property prices.

Oral O20


ICT Based Gamification in Education

Wint ZZ1, Naing TT2

[email protected]

1Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, Mandalay TechnologicalUniversity, Mandalay, Myanmar. University of Computer Studies (Taunggyi) , Taunggyi,Myanmar.

Background and Objectives: Generally, there are five education sectors in Myanmar:Kindergarten, Basic Education, Technical and Vocational Education and Training, HigherEducation and Alternative Education. Most of the kids were feeling that: the first dayof kindergarten was a full of joy. There was play, fun, exploration, and discovery. Sitting littletime and more time moving about exploring the environment, learning along the way. Whenthe basic education level, school began to change into a rigid, boring, environment. Movingabout the room was removed entirely and the refrain of desks in never-ending rows and anemphasis on silence. The teaching and learning style were not attractive the students. So, theteaching and learning environment should be changed. Methods: It is the idea of using gamedesign elements in a non-traditional teaching and learning style. Nowadays, most of theyoung students are familiar with the smart phone and smart electronic devices. So, ICT basedgamification system can be supported to change the teaching and learning environment.Results: The power of this approach, while unconventional, resonates with all studentsbecause humans have an innate drive to want to play and have fun. There is a common beliefthat play is the antithesis of learning but that could not be any more untrue. Conclusion: TheICT based gamification can change the basic education system more effectively. The studentswill be attracted by the active environment. This system will be developed by using AItechnology.

Oral O21


Towards Sustainable Development of Optoelectronic Devices

Balela MDL,1 de Guzman, N1 and Ramos, M2

[email protected]

1Sustainable Electronic Materials Group, Department of Mining, Metallurgical and MaterialsEngineering, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. 2Electricaland Electronics Engineering Institute, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City,Philippines

Transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) are integral part of smartphones as they are utilizedto create touch screens, which provide the smart phones their touch capability. Currently,indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most widely used material for TCEs in the market due to its hightransmittance and relatively low sheet resistance. However, ITO suffers from severaldrawbacks, such as high-cost, energy-intensive fabrication process, and poor mechanicalproperty. Several materials have been proposed to replace, such as metal grids, metalnanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. In particular, silver (Ag) nanowires haveattracted great attention due to their excellent conductivity. Ag nanowire films on glass orpolymer substrates also exhibit high optical transparency. Ag nanowires are easily fabricatedin solution to create a conductive ink that can be easily integrated in existing printingtechnologies, such as spray coating, ink jet printing, and roll-to-roll gravure printing amongothers. In this work, we present a more sustainable method of producing Ag nanowires insolution, including recycling and re-use of raw materials, particularly the solvent. Apurification step, which involves heating of the used solvent to grow the Ag-by products foreasy separation, was developed. The Ag nanowires were then used in the fabrication oftransparent conducting electrodes, which are used in the assembly of a touch panel. Amicrocontroller was also developed to interface the touch panel to a computer and provide itwith touch capability (See Figure 1).

Figure 1. Demonstration of the touch capability of the resistive touchscreen sensor.

Oral O22


The Legal Framework on 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in Malaysia

Intan Nadia GK, Wan Siti Adibah WD, Kamal Halili H2, Zulkifli MN3, Rasyikah MK2

[email protected]

1Faculty of Syariah and law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan,2Faculty of Law, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, 3Faculty ofEngineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,Selangor

Solid waste is one of the main environmental problems faced by most countries in the worldwhich needs urgent solution. In Malaysia, the generation of solid waste has been increasingevery year in which an effective management becomes a necessity. Lacking of effectivemanagement may result in adverse impacts on the environment. One of the strategies toachieve sustainable solid waste management is the implementation of 3R (Reduce, Reuse,Recycle) which may reduce waste generation and subsequently mitigate environmentalproblem. The figure provided below which shows recycling’s achievement in Malaysia fromyear 2005 until 2017 and the targeted recycling rate from 2018 until 2020, indicates that theachievements from 2005 until 2017 show the increasing rate. These achievements constitutebetter development in respect of recycling in Malaysia. However, a slight increase in solidwaste recycling in Malaysia year of year indirectly highlights that a more effective mechanismincluding legal mechanism is necessary in order to greatly increase the recycling rate inMalaysia. Based on library research methodology, this paper aims to study the legalframework on 3R in Malaysia. The study indicates that although Malaysia has her own legalframework for this purpose, the lack of comprehensive laws on 3R constitute a challenge inthe implementation of sustainable solid waste management in Malaysia.

Oral O23


Isolation of Antimicrobial Compounds from Bacterial Endophytes to Target Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Walter AWCY1, Chin JF1, Mohamed Ikhtifar MR1, Cheah YK1

[email protected]

1Unit of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Background and Objectives: The emergence and widespread of antimicrobial-resistantbacteria has been an international agenda among scientists around the world. Infectionscaused by the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an example of amultidrug-resistant bacterial infection, which has received considerable attention due to thefact that they are commensals to nearly up to 40% of the general population. This causesdifficulty in the treatment of bacterial infections, as the efficiency of the available antibioticsin the market are decreasing over time. This study aims to find an alternative to the availableantibiotics in the market for the treatment of bacterial infections through the discovery ofantimicrobial compounds from bacterial endophytes of Malaysian medicinal plants. Methods:Bacterial endophytes isolated from Malaysian medicinal plants, are identified through 16srDNA sequencing up to their genus level. Pure sample of each bacteria were then culturedinto 100 ml of Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), incubated at 30°C with shaking at 180 rpm for 5 days.Crude extracts from endophytic bacterial cultures were obtained through solvent extractionusing ethyl acetate. The crude extracts were then tested for its antimicrobial activity throughthe Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion assay against MRSA, where, 1.0 mg of each crude extract(dissolved in ethyl acetate) were inserted into a 6.0 mm disk on Mueller-Hinton Agar lawnedwith MRSA. Results: Analysis of 16s rDNA sequences of the bacterial endophytes hasrevealed that the bacteria isolated are from several different genus. In a 100 ml of bacterialliquid culture, approximately 100 mg of crude extract was obtained for each bacterialendophyte sample. Crude extracts of a total of 16 samples of endophytic bacteria has shownpositive inhibition towards MRSA through the presence of inhibition zones around each diskwith the crude extracts. Conclusion: Bacterial endophytes from Malaysian medicinal plantscan be a good source of antimicrobial compounds that may potentially be used as analternative treatment for bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria such asthe MRSA.

Oral O24


Evaluating a Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation Activity in the Philippines: Findings of a Mixed Methods Research on Operation Timbang Plus

Salunga DG1 , Bullecer ER1, Habito RC2, Africa LS3, Gawe HCCB4, Aguila DV5

[email protected]

1Department of Nutrition, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, PadreFaura St, Ermita, Manila, Philippines 1000, 2Open University, University of the Philippines LosBaños, Laguna, Philippines 4031, 3Institute of Human Nutrition and Food, University of thePhilippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines 4031, 4National Nutrition Council, 2332 ChinoRoces Ave. Ext. Taguig City, Philippines 1630, 5Food and Nutrition Research Institute, DOSTCompound General Santos Ave, Taguig City, Philippines 1630

Background and Objectives: Malnutrition in the Philippines remains a serious problem. Highquality data are prerequisite for better information, decision-making and population healthand are essential to tracking Sustainable Development Goals’ progress, specifically zerohunger and good health and wellbeing. Generating nutrition data of all under-five children,Philippines uses Operation Timbang Plus (OPT-Plus), an annual activity conducted by BarangayNutrition Scholars (BNS) or volunteer nutrition workers in the villages. OPT-Plus is the onlymechanism available for local nutrition planning. Such evaluation is needed to determine notjust OPT-Plus usefulness but also its adaptiveness to users. Methods: This mixed-methodstudy determined the awareness, knowledge, attitudes and practices (AKAP) of BNS in one ofthe highly-urbanized-city of the Philippines on the 2012 OPT-Plus Implementing Guidelinesand explored underlying factors in the successful conduct of the activity. Information wasdrawn from validated and pretested questionnaires and interview schedule for quantitativeand qualitative methods. Results: Study showed majority of village nutrition workers were notaware of the implementing guidelines but were knowledgeable and showed positive attitudetowards OPT-Plus, however most of them have poor practices in the conduct of the activity. Itappears that AKAP is interrelated to each other. It was concluded that recurring themes, suchas enabling and cooperative environment, work and life balance, information anddissemination strategies, data quality, innovation on measuring tools, training and supervisionand dedication to work, are factors that underly a successful implementation of the OPT-Plus.Conclusion: The study provided evidence to the undocumented information and insights onthe AKAP of BNS on OPT-Plus, and factors that affect its conduct. The results of the study willbe used in planning for strategies that will improve the conduct of OPT-Plus and will jump-start the nationwide data quality review as part of the Philippines’ first nutrition researchagenda and updated surveillance system.

Oral O25


Bacterial Bioaerosol in the Indoor and Outdoor Air of Selected Urban and Rural Primary Schools in the Philippines

Vital PG1, Rivera WL1,2, Aguilar AI1, Valledor SD1, Sunio MAC3

[email protected]

1Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101Metro Manila, Philippines. 2Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of thePhilippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101 Metro Manila, Philippines. 3Procter & GambleInternational Operations SA, Singapore

Background and Objectives: Despite low moisture, low nutrient content, and high exposureto ultraviolet radiations, air can cater life to microorganisms termed as bioaerosols. In thePhilippines, most students spend at least 5 hours inside classrooms. This study is first in thePhilippines to have focused on evaluating bacterial bioaerosol concentration in indoor andoutdoor air of Philippine primary schools. It was hypothesized that season and location impactthe load and diversity of microbial communities found in air. Methods: Season-dependentcollection of air samples from classrooms and corridors of selected urban and rural primaryschools was performed through active sampling using the MAS-100 NT air sampler. Cultureand molecular analyses were performed on the isolates obtained. Results: The mean bacterialconcentrations in all schools across all seasons exceeded the standard limit of 500 CFU/m3

recommended by National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and theAmerican Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Some rural schoolsscored higher than some schools from the urban suggesting that urbanization does notnecessarily entail high loads of bacterial aerosols. Moreover, statistical data verified thatlocation and season are not the main determinants of microbial loads (p<0.05) and that theypossibly interact with other factors, such as occupants, to shape the bioaerosol composition.A total of 144 isolates were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Pathogenic speciesincluded Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus anthracis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion:High exposure of children to these opportunistic pathogens could be causing prevalentdiseases in this age group. The lack of reference limit values for bioaerosols in the Philippineshas also led the study to use reference from other countries. Thus, the results of this studymay be used in drafting the general guidelines to safe bioaerosol levels in Philippine setting.

Oral O26


The Influence of Maternal Psychological State on Breast Milk Composition and Infant Well-being: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Nurul Husna M Shukri1, Mary Fewtrell2 and Jonathan Wells2

[email protected]

1, 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2 GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), United Kingdom2

Background: Increasing evidence has shown the presence of various bioactive componentsincluding hormones in human breast milk. However, the relation of milk hormones with infantoutcomes such as behaviour and growth are scarce. This is mainly due to the complexity ofthe inter-relationships between mother-infant factors that make it difficult to define causeand effect using an observational study design. Objective: To investigate causal relationshipsbetween maternal psychological state (manipulated using a relaxation intervention) andbreast milk composition including cortisol, leptin and ghrelin, and infant outcomes, using arandomised-controlled trial. Methods: Pregnant women, recruited from antenatal clinics inKlang-Valley, Malaysia, were randomised postnatally into control (n=31) and intervention(audio relaxation recording) (n=33) groups. Home visits were performed at 2-3, 6-8, 12-14 and14-16 weeks of infant age to assess maternal psychological state and also infantanthropometry and behaviour. Milk samples were collected during home visits for analysis ofmacronutrient and cortisol, ghrelin and leptin hormones. Results: Our trial found that therelaxation intervention was effective in reducing maternal stress during lactation andfavourably affecting breast milk composition (higher milk energy, lower cortisol levels anddifferent trends for leptin and ghrelin levels (all p<0.05)). Leptin and ghrelin alsodemonstrated opposite associations with infant weight and BMI SD (all p<0.05). This trialhighlights the importance of minimising maternal stress, as the relaxation interventionfavourably influenced breast milk composition and infant behaviour and growth.Conclusion: The trial shows that a simple relaxation intervention might help to improve bothmaternal and infant well-being, including helping to sustain breastfeeding. The study alsodemonstrates the value of using an experimental approach to investigate potential mother-infant signalling mechanisms. Hence, this provides new directions for exploring maternaleffects on infant behavioural plasticity in early human life.

Oral O27


The Associations of Mother-Infant Factors with Cognitive Performance among Malaysian Children Aged 2 to 4 years

Nur Aina Afrina AR 1, Gan WY1, Siti Irma Fadhilah I2, Aini Marina M3 and Nurul Husna MS1

[email protected]

1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UniversitiPutra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Psychiatry, Faculty ofMedicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia3Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti PutraMalaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objective: During the critical period of brain development in the first fouryears of life, many factors, including environment and mother-infant interaction couldinfluence the cognitive performance. This study aimed to determine maternal-child factorsassociated with cognitive performance among children aged 2-4 years. Methods: Childrenaged 2-4 (n=296) attending Pusat Anak Genius Negara (PAGN) in Klang Valley, Malaysia wereassessed for cognitive performance using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale ofIntelligence (WPPSI). The children’s mothers were approached to complete questionnaires onsociodemographic, maternal stress, mother-child interaction and children’s behaviour on milkfeeding, sleep habits and screen time. Results: The average cognitive performance of Non-Verbal Index (NVI), Visual-Spatial Index (VSI) and Working-Memory Index (WMI) were 111±17,106±10 and 113±12 respectively, indicating normal (VSI) to high levels (NVI and WMI). NVIwas associated with mother’s and father’s educational levels (r=0.13; p=0.027 and r=0.15;p=0.013 respectively) and mother’s monthly income (r=-0.316; p=0.027). High WMI wasassociated with early age introducing milk other than breastmilk or formula (r=-0.21;p=0.007). Mother-child interaction, specifically learning materials and academic stimulationwere positively associated with VSI (r=0.14; p=0.03 and r=0.16; p=0.016 respectively),whereas physical environment was negatively associated with WMI (r=-0.138; p=0.034).Maternal stress, child sleeping and screen behaviour were not associated with cognitiveperformance (p>0.05). Conclusion: Sociodemographic, milk feeding, and mother-childinteraction were significantly associated with cognitive performance. This study highlights theimportance of parental factors and child milk-feeding that may influence cognitiveperformance in young children, which could be a target for future intervention. Long-termfollow-ups involving multi-ethnicity samples is recommended for future research.

Oral O28


School-based Nutrition in the Philippines: Perspectives of the Education and Health Sectors

Onagan FC1, Jimeno KJJ2, Orsolino L3, Arguelles A1, Dela Peña A3

[email protected]

1World Health Organization Country Office, San Lazaro Compound, Tayuman, Sta. Cruz Manila. 2Department of Foreign Affairs, 2330 Roxas Boulevard, Pasay City, Philippines. 3Department of Health, San Lazaro Compound, Tayuman, Sta. Cruz, Manila.

Background and Objectives: Schools are crucial entry points for health since it serves as safeand protective spaces to promote health. As a formal system, schools provide anadvantageous platform to target children on a larger scale and to make lasting improvementsin nutrition. As school-based nutrition initiatives (SBNI) are within the purview of both theeducation and health sectors, it creates ambiguity in the role of each actor in sustainingintersectoral collaboration. This research aims to explore the perspectives on school-basednutrition among stakeholders involved in the development and implementation ofinterventions to advance healthy settings and health-promoting schools. Methods: Q-methodology, a mixed methods approach, was employed in this study. Thirty-two participantsfrom the Department of Education, Department of Health, and National Nutrition Councilwere purposively selected to sort and rank 55 statements using Q Method Software. Factorextraction, inter-factor correlation, and varimax rotation were performed by the software.Resulting factors with eigenvalue of >1.0 and at least two loading participants wereconsidered in the interpretation, which involved the triangulation of the q-factor analysis withthe participant’s background and post-sorting responses. Results: There are seven distinctperspectives on school-based nutrition in the Philippines that emerged in this study: 1)Steering reforms through national directives; 2) Contextualizing implementation of SBNI; 3)Normalizing nutrition across population segments; 4) Recognizing plurality of policy options;5) Balancing food restrictions and canteen profitability; 6) Acknowledging ambivalence onSBNI as a strategic function of schools; and 7) Defining accountability in the implementation.Conclusion: The perspectives offer insights on how to address political leadership,bureaucratic change, and investment in advocacy on school-based nutrition initiativesbetween the education and health sectors. These are the starting points of discussion inreconciling the differences in order to break an impasse in nutrition policy, where there aremany stakeholders involved.

Oral O29


Sweet Food for Sweet Life

Ismail WIW1, Samat S2, Hussien FN3

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, UniversitiMalaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Pharmacy,Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Faculty of VeterinaryMedicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Honey is a natural sweetener produced by bees with multimedicinal applications. However, the presence of fake honey has overshadowed the medicalbenefits of natural honey. Unfortunately, no scientific data reveals the problem particularly,from the health perspective. Thus, the effects of natural honey and the danger of fake honeyconsumptions were observed using Sprague dawley rats. Methods: Pineapple honey wascollected from an apiary farm. Meanwhile, one fake honey sample was purchased from a localoutlet. Both honey samples were tested their authenticity and quality status usingphysicochemical analysis. Then, each honey sample (2500 mg/kg) was given to the rats for 16weeks. Biochemical and histological studies were conducted to measure the effects. Results:Natural and fake honey display different characters based on the physicochemical analysis.From the biochemical analysis, fake honey consumption significantly increased levels ofcholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. In contrast, rats fed with natural honey significantlyshowed the opposite results. From the histological data, liver and kidney of rats fed with fakehoney demonstrated significant abnormalities and damages. Meanwhile, no changesobserved in the organs from rats fed with natural honey. Conclusion: Data from the studyreveal shock findings with this simple sweet food. It may give bad health effects to honeyconsumers. In order to fight for consumer’s right, data from the study has been translated intoa MS document standard (MS2683:2017) to check honey authenticity in our market and 10years strategic plan for Malaysia honey industry. The initiatives are to increase natural honeyproduction and to stop fake honey trading in the market. Moreover, the study can add morevalue to local honey, subsequently can increase income among beekeepers. It also can bebenefitted our life by sustaining other food production and balancing our ecosystem from thebeekeeping activity.

Oral O30


Fungal Spore as The Latest Greatest Threat to Endangered Green Turtle (Chelonia Mydas)

Siti Nordahliawate MS1, Noorkhalilie CAA1, and Nik Mohd Izham MN2

[email protected]

1Laboratory for Pest, Disease and Microbial Biotechnology (LAPDiM), Faculty of Fisheries andFood Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.2School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.

Fungal diseases are spreading at an alarming rate and have led to deadly outbreaks inamphibian, bat, corals and bee populations. Pathogen frequently strike species that arealready stressed out by habitat degradation, climate change, hunted by people and predators.Now, green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting sites and hatcheries are under serious issues offungal infection causing sea turtle egg fusariosis (STEF). Our objectives were to confirm thatsimilar causal organism of STEF all over sea turtle nesting sites and hatcheries in Malaysia andto determine environment factors that led to STEF. We had collected samples from unhatchedeggs and eggs showing STEF as well as soils inside the eggs chamber. Our results showed thatFusarium solani species complex (FSSC) were aggressively invade those eggs and somecausing mortality of well-formed baby turtle. In total, two most dominant species under FSSChad been identified molecularly were Fusarium falciforme and F. keratoplasticum, followed byothers F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum. The warmer conditions also may trigger Fusariumcolonisation and we had recorded the temperature of turtle nests range between 25.6°C to33.6°C. Most nests near to vegetation (<3m) had greater number of infected eggs and alsothose close to other infected nests were mostly affected. We noticed occurrence of red antsinside the egg chambers that may consider as a vector. Our finding bring to a question doesdisease co-occur predictably with other threats? In order to prevent further loss ofbiodiversity, we need to determine the other threats of green turtle that co-occur with thedisease and which of these threats may increase the likelihood of green turtle that would bethreatened by STEF.

Oral O31


Municipal Solid Waste Generation at Gong Badak Residential Area Kuala Terengganu

Jaafar I1, Engku Ibrahim1, TA2, Chin, JJ2

[email protected]

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 KualaNerus, Terengganu. 2Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, UniversitiMalaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu.

Background and Objectives: Solid waste generation and management have been an ongoingissues as the revolution of solid waste policy demand the need for sustainable waste handling.This study aimed to determine the generation and characteristics of municipal solid wastesgeneration in Gong Badak residential area, located at Kuala Nerus district, Terengganu. Thisstudy was significant to investigate the reasons that caused the large of municipal solid wastesgenerated in residential area and why separation at source and recycling still not in thenorm. Methods: A survey involved 234 respondents was carried out to determine thegeneration of municipal solid wastes from random sampling from each house. Conveniencesampling was used to select the study area while purposive sampling was utilized to select therespondent. The percentages of the generation were based on estimated value provided bythe residents and associated correlations were analysed Results: The percentage of wastesgenerated were food waste (64.5%), plastic waste (20.9%), paper waste (8.5%), glass waste(2.1%), other type of waste (1.7%) and metal waste (0.9%) The results revealed that the lowersocioeconomic status of residents, the larger the estimated amount of food wastes generatedin residential area. The environmental awareness was found not associated with thegeneration of municipal solid wastes. Although majority of residents aware on the importanceto separate recyclable wastes and food waste unfortunately most residents did not separatethem in daily life. Some of the reasons included lack of facilities and too much effort neededto separate the wastes. Conclusion: It is recommended that recycling facilities should beprovided in residential area in order to motivate residents to place recycling habit into dailypractice. Continuous and prolong campaign shall be provided by the local authorities toensure the sustainable waste handling can be commenced.

Oral O32


Nest Tree Selection of Northeast Bornean Orangutan in Rehabilitated Forest in Sabah, Malaysia

Mizan A1, Bernard H1

[email protected]

1Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu,88400 Sabah, Malaysia.

Forest restoration and rehabilitation efforts directly impacts the habitat quality for Borneanflora and fauna, and consequently their population size and distribution. Orangutans (Pongospp.), endemic to the islands of Borneo and Sumatra, have been observed to forage for foodand make nests on the trees planted on the expanding rehabilitated forests. For this study, weaim to identify the nesting tree selection of northeast Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeusmorio) in a rehabilitated forest in terms of tree height, DBH and species. To do so, wesearched for orangutan nests along fourteen line transect distanced at least 1-km apart. Withevery confirmed nest encounter, we recorded the dendrometric measurements and species ofthe nesting trees. The research was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019 in EasternBukit Piton Forest Reserve in areas that had undergone 10 years of gradual replanting effortsince 2008. Due to the disturbance history, we expected more pioneer trees to be selected asnesting trees. In total, we observed 124 nests from 18 tree families. The Sterculiaceae familyrecorded the most observation with 25 Pterospermum elongatum trees followed by theRubiaceae family with 16 trees (15 Neolamackia cadamba and 1 Neonauclea bernadoi). Wefound that the orangutans chose to build nest on average sized trees within 31-40 cm DBHrange and 11-20 m height range the most. When further divided into two compartmentsbased on rehabilitation duration, there were no significant differences in the selectionpatterns between both areas in Bukit Piton. These results are important to discern the impactof forest restoration on Northeast Bornean orangutan along with the conservation value ofnesting trees, in addition to feeding trees, in rehabilitated logged-over forests.

Keywords: Bornean Orangutans, Nests, Nesting Trees, Rehabilitated Forest, Forest Restoration

Oral O33


Harvested But, Through Responsible Consumption

Nelson BR1, Mat Zauki NA2, Ramli MA3, Akbar-John B4

[email protected]

1Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti MalaysiaTerengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. Institute of Ocenanography and Environment,Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. 3Faculty of Marine Scienceand Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. 4INOCEMResearch Station, Kulliyyah of Science, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota,25200 Kuantan, Pahang.

Background and Objectives: Horseshoe crab research in Malaysia is slightly older than adecade with the first report in 2006 that affirms on horseshoe crab exploitation in Malaysia.Now, the oldest existing arthropods but are subject to biomedical, personal and economicexploit despite their amalgamation into Malaysian tradition (poems, idioms, songs and crafts).This brings about an investigation on mindset, between the user and resource. Methods:Researchers imparting with this study followed fishermen to high seas and observed theirroutine conducts to catch horseshoe crabs. These followed with 20 point questions and totalrecording time of 40 minutes per fisher. Disparity between number of fisher in each siteindicated the community’s attention to solely catch horseshoe crabs. Results: In Melaka,Pahang and Johor, the Tachypleus gigas is utilized by fishermen as sustenance and to increaserevenue. Differently, fisher in Pahang avoided Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda due to post-consumption hangovers. Fisher in Melaka and Johor have traditional remedies to reducetetrodotoxin poisoning and this leads to exploitation of both species. Yet, fisher communitywants horseshoe crabs to sustain and by doing so limit their monthly catch to no more than600 crabs. This allows the horseshoe crab population in Pahang, Pendas and Johor topromptly spawn and thrive during the annual bivalve population expansion seasons.Conclusion: Fisher communities in Malaysia utilize common-pool governance to alloweveryone benefit from available resources. Their practices are in line with SustainableDevelopment Goal 12 – Responsible consumption and 14 – Life below water. The fishercommunities are aware of land use and its consequences but still, opt to share the resourcepool and limit their catch for long-term benefit. Their only means of operation costcompensation is base price increase for demands in the supply chain.

Oral O34


Soil Microbiome Metagenomic Profile Changes Associated To Agricultural Land Use

Rossyda Priyadarshini1, Elly Syafriani1, Medina Uli Alba Somala1, and Amir Hamzah2)

[email protected]

1Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur, Jl. Raya Rungkut MadyaGunung Anyar, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia2Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang, Jl. Telaga Warna,Tlogomas, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

Agriculture sector is facing many problems related to soil polution due to an excesive fertilizer,meanwhile it is needed to increase crop production for food supply while preserving soilquality to maintain ecosystem function. Sumber Brantas sub watershed was one of the mainproducers of horticultural crops in East Java, Indonesia, which has been applied by excessivefertilizer. Changes of soil chemical and physical characteristics on this landuse has beenstudied a lot, but still not much study that has been reported on the effects of chemicalfertilizer on the soil microbiome. This study was aimed to investigate the soil microbiomecharacteristics on different types of agricultural land management. This research was conducton three kinds on agricultural land. There were 9 plots of landuse types. Soil sample was takenrandomized, replicated three times, composite then analyze. Our results showed theagricultural land practises influence the soil microbiome. The phyla Proteobacteria,Fimicurtes, and Actinobacteria were abundant on agricultural land. We were also observedthe effect of agricultural land management on metagenomic profiles. The differences ofdominant genera abundance was also showed the effect of agricultural managementdifferences. We were observed the genera of Corynebacterium, Cardiobacterium,Staphylococcus, Micrococcus on the B type; then Streptococcus, Brevundimonas,Blastomonas on A type; and Escheria, Lactobacillus, Klebsiella, Actinomycetes,Achromobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Alcaligenes on types C. Our analysisalso showed that management changes on agricultural land was diminishing the OTu number(107147 become 92442). The Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) represent the highdifferences species composition between agricultural land. Our results suggest that theagricultural management have induced the shifted of soil microbiomes. It indicates that therewere changes of soil microbiomes due to of agricultural management.

Oral O35

Social sciences & humanities

Understanding Factors of Using Public Transportation Among Women in Kuala Lumpur

Yong Adilah SH1, Nikmatul Adha N YY1, Goh Hong Ching1 Noor Suzaini Z1, Woodcock A2Mc Donagh D3Komal F4

[email protected]

1Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Malaysia, 2Faculty of Research Centre forArts, Memory and Communities, University of Coventry, United Kingdom 3Faculty at theBeckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaigne, 4DesignPAK, Pakistan

Background and Objectives: As equal to men, women travel for many reasons. The topicrelated to women’s mobility are recognized by many researchers in the last thirty years agodue to the demands and needs of women. However, women’s mobility in developingcountries are still challenging as most women are still tied to the culture demands of a womenduty at home. Due to this, women (in particularly mothers) always discovering on the easiestway to move around from home to workplace and managing trips with kids as to juggle thedual responsibilities and expectations. In the light of public transportation development, it hassupported women to move around however women still encounter certain issues while usingpublic transportation. The development of LRT and MRT in the past years has changes thelandscape of public transportation in Kuala Lumpur however, there is still a gap in gettingmore women users to use them especially when it comes to the assurance towards safety.Cases reported in the mass media alarmed many and this study tries to understand factors ofusing public transportation among women in Kuala Lumpur in the efforts to increase thepercentage of users among women and to understand the travel behaviour of women in KualaLumpur. Methods: A survey was conducted using Stratified Random Sampling on womenpublic transportation users in Kuala Lumpur on the use of public transportation. Results: Oneof the key findings of the survey is in the purpose of using public transportation. It is foundthat affordability, accessibility, location from home and comfort are the most importantreason for women when using public transportation. Conclusion: It is found that the keyfindings of the study are correlated with the element of economy, safety and responsibilitieshold by the women. This indicate in the needs to provide good walkability from home to LRTor MRT station considering the needs of travelling with kids which also concerned on theelements of safety. This also highlights the needs to widen the gig economy either for men orwomen as to fit the dual responsibilities of an individual and the ease of mobility.

Oral O36


De-energising Alternative Media: The Endangerment of The Key Agent Without Purpose

Fitaha Aini1

[email protected]

1School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, Bankfield House, 132New Walk Leicester, LE1 7JA United Kingdom.

Background and Objectives: The blockage of Islamic-based alternative media imposed by theMinistry of Communication, Information and Technology (MCI) has led to widespread adversereactions from media practitioners, Muslim scholars, and general public in Indonesia. Theyinvoke a legitimate ground for restriction of citizen rights to exercise freedom of expression asthe ministry failed to demonstrate in specific the nature of the threat and prove clearconnection between the media content and the threat. Methods: Qualitative methods of datacollection were carried out by using semi-structured interviews and field notes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with open-ended questions with the top-managementof government bodies, independent state institutions and civil society media organisations. Inregards to the field note, there were two types of records (verbatim and expanded) which hadbeen used across various types of conditions. Results: The study indicates that MCI play theirrole as executioner toward abal-abal (abusive) alternative media which have negativeintention and action. Ironically, they impose a total blockage to any alternative digital mediacontaining destructive content without prior court proceeding. This role intentionally orunintentionally restrains alternative media capability to grow as grass-root or critical media.This policy can be considered as an undemocratic response to these media, which serve asplatform in giving voice to the voiceless. Conclusion: There was a sense of negativeperception regarding alternative media amongst interviewees, particularly governmentbodies. If the debate of policy and regulation is to move forward, a better understanding ofthe best way to treat alternative media without losing democratic spirit to allow greaterfreedom of press and internet shall be identified. More information on the ideal policy andregulation for alternative media would help us to establish appropriate action against mediadisseminating positive or negative content.

Oral O37


Programmes as Sustaining Collaborative Partnership Efforts

Muda S1

[email protected]

1School of Multimedia Technology, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia,06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia.

Programmes with orphanages are what bringing the stakeholders together in a collaborativepartnership of a longstanding community service organisation in the study. Notwithstandingthe collaborative partnership efforts have sustained for more than a decade, there were a lotof challenges along the process. This study aims to address the challenges faced by thestakeholders’ involved in their efforts to empower children in orphanages through theinterviews conducted with the selected stakeholders. In order to gain insight from those in thefield, their responses were triangulated and analysed thematically. Among the challengesinvolved addressing the issues of acceptance and recognition in carrying out the programmes.This paper brings forward the discussion on the specific challenges and how they addressedthem over the long run which may provide lessons to be learnt for others in the field andinvite further consideration from the policy makers to improve and consider relevant actionsor planning.

Oral O38


Affordances of Online Self-assessment and Metacognitive Reflection in High School Physics

Sagun R1


1Research Subject Area, Basic Education Unit, Senior High School, Ateneo de ManilaUniversity, Loyola Heights 1108, Quezon City, Philippines.

Background and Objectives: Digital learning environments have defined our currenteducational practices causing a shift from the traditional approaches to learning andcognition. Physics is one of the most dreaded subjects by high school students due to thecomplexities and abstractness of some concepts such as force and energy. The emergence ofopen source learning management systems (LMS) has made digital learning more accessibleand within reach. However, it remains to be a challenge to some teachers on how they canadapt and maximize the use of open source LMS in exploring students’ affective, cognitive,and metacognitive development. Methods: In this study, I have utilized the Google Classroomas a medium for engaging students in metacognitive reflections and self-assessments in a highschool physics class. The students answered online reflection questions at the end of everygrading period. I adapted the action research model of Kemmis and McTaggart thatemphasizes four phases in one research cycle: Plan, Act, Observe, and Reflect. The studymainly applied qualitative approaches in gathering and analysing data. Results: The results ofthe study showed that exposure to online metacognitive reflections and self-assessmentsafford students to undergo self-introspection and self-regulated learning in physics.Furthermore, online reflections afford feedback-giving aimed at the development ofcurriculum and teaching of physics. Conclusion: An online metacognitive reflection and self-assessment, when properly planned and purposefully conducted, could contribute to theoverall development of the students’ metacognitive skills, progression of students’ scienceaffect, and enhancement of teacher’s planning and designing of curriculum most especially inphysics.

Oral O39


Digital Literature: Current State of Research in Indonesia

Mohammad Rokib1

[email protected]

1Department of Southeast Asian Studies, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The massive use of information technology in some cities in Indonesia has caused theemergence of new phenomenon in the field of literature. Literary medium which previouslywas dominated by print has gradually shifted to digital media. The emergence of literaryworks written and published directly in digital media either in internet or social media hasencouraged new form of sensibility within Indonesian literary world. The phenomenon hasattracted some literary scholars to scrutinize the continuity of digital literature. However, thedynamic of digital literature has lack of serious attention from scholars or academician. Thispaper describes the trends and polemics within academic discussion on digital literature. Byusing google scholars search engine, journals database, and online university libraryresources, the paper identified trends, pattern, and approaches in analyzing digital literature.This paper argues that studies on digital literature in Indonesia is shackled on the polemic ofquality and its emergence in contemporary Indonesia

Oral O40


Factors Related to Intention to Stop Pornography Viewing Among Malaysian Youths Facebook Users

Mengzhen Lim1

[email protected] OR [email protected]

1Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia

Background and Objectives: This is an exploratory study using Ajzen’s Theory of PlannedBehaviour (TPB) to understand the intention of Malaysian youths aged between 18 to 30 yearsold to stop pornography viewing. Methods: There were 160 self-declared pornography usersparticipated in this study via an online survey using purposive sampling method. Theminimum age was 18 while the maximum age was 30 with the mean age of 23 years old. Interms of gender distribution, there were 110 males (69%) and 50 females (31%). Majority(61.3%) of the participants was undergraduate students. Attitude toward pornographyquestionnaire, subjective norms questionnaire, perceived behavioural control questionnaireand religiosity questionnaire were used to assess youth were used to measure independentvariables and intention to stop pornography questionnaire was used to measure dependentvariable. The reliability of all questionnaires Cronbach's coefficients was administered for allinstrument, the results were between 0.72 and 0.94. Results: The results of the study showedthat all of the main variables, attitude towards pornography, subjective norms and perceivedbehavioural control had significant relationship with the intention to stop pornographyviewing. Among the three variables, attitude towards pornography was found to be thestrongest predictors of intention. Individuals who are committed to religion, who did notmasturbate in relation to pornography viewing had higher intention to stop pornographyviewing. Conclusion: Theoretically, the present findings underlined the role of attitude towardpornography in influencing the intention to stop pornography among youths in Malaysia.Practically, the finding implies that proper attitude towards pornography play a huge role instopping pornography viewing.

Oral O41

Energy transition

The Utilization of Used Water: Water that has been Put Through a Primary Function, to Generate Electricity in a Micro Scale Hydropower Unit

Maranon J1, Lawas N2, Villena K3, Salipan P4, Garrido A

[email protected]

1Saint Louis University Laboratory Senior High School, 284 C.M. Recto St, Baguio, Benguet

Electricity is an energy that is essential to modern civilization. It has invaded our lives andbecome vital in all aspects to our society. According to the IEA hydropower will meet theglobal electrical demand at 16% by 2023. Utilizing water as renewable source of energy is aclear choice for supplying electricity because it is reliable and environmentally friendly. Theneed for an inexpensive source of power in the Philippines is very significant. The study willprovide an inexpensive system of hydropower enough for an ordinary household to haveaccess to electricity. Also, the study aims to determine the limitation and capacity of themodel in tolerating the pressure coming from the river and other environmental conditions.

Oral O42

Energy transition

Energy for Mobility in Indonesia: Is Indonesia ready for electric vehicles?

Muhammad MAKKY1,2,

[email protected]

1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universitas Andalas, Kampus Unand Limau Manis,Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia. 2ASEAN S&T Fellow

Indonesian government endorsing the development of electric vehicles (EV). Governmentexpects to have 2.1 million EV units by 2025. The EV policy dictated a certain percentage ofthe EV components be indigenously built. The battery pack makes up a significant cost of theEV. It is imperative that Indonesian industry masters the development, manufacturing,application and recycling of advanced batteries to become competitive in this sector.Therefore, this study assessed the readiness of Indonesian industry in acquiring the batteryraw materials, and producing the battery cell and pack. Research and Innovation (R&I)activities related to the battery development will support the e-mobility as well as thestationary energy storage applications in Indonesia. This study include literature review, desk-study, site visit, interview and questionnaires with the industry, experts, stakeholders, andpolicy makers. Results showed that, while the battery raw materials mostly available,Indonesia did not has the technology to process it into a ready-to-use product for the industry.Moreover, the development and manufacturing of battery cells and materials did not yetmaterialized in Indonesia, at least in industrial level. While the government has set a target toproduce lithium battery in 2022, Indonesia still lack the complete knowledge or skill indeveloping and producing the battery cell and pack. Local battery-industry currently still relieson imported material to produce. Indonesia need to increase the proportion of locally sourcedmaterial for the production. In addition, Indonesia need to set the policy to enable acompetitive cost and performance of the batteries produced by her Industry. This studyrevealed that Indonesian is not ready to produce the battery cells and pack locally. She did nothas the capacity to process available raw materials into battery components. Moreover, theindustry did not completely acquire the full knowledge or skill in producing the battery celland pack manufacturing. As such, research and innovation activities related to the batterydevelopment should be accelerated by the government to support the e-mobility in Indonesiafor the near future.

Oral O43


An Adaptation of TRIZ for Problem-Solving in Engineering Education

Rooban Chand Chandrasegaran, Poh Kiat Ng* and Kian Siong Jee

[email protected]

1Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama, BukitBeruang, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia

Although numerous efforts have been made by institutions in producing more-than-qualifiedengineering graduates while remaining competitive, it appears that a system of reference forinnovative approaches in tackling issues specific to engineering education has yet to beproposed. In association with this, researchers have found TRIZ to be a proficient tool forproblem-solving in many areas, including education in general. However, a systematic andcreative approach to problem-solving in engineering education appears to not exist yet.Hence, the aim of this study is to incorporate the use of TRIZ in engineering education byadapting the TRIZ system parameters with the characteristics associated with engineeringeducation. Modifications were made to the standard 39 system parameters of TRIZ in order tocustomise them in accordance to the state of engineering education. The application of thisapproach was briefly tested using an actual problem faced in engineering education through abasic survey among engineering educators and students. The problem described that‘engineering graduates are often not ready to work in a constantly changing competitive socialenvironment’. The results were triangulated and discussed with literature support. It wasfound that the solutions generated by this newly adapted approach for the identified problemwas highly applicable and relatable to both engineering educators and students. Most of therespondents agreed that there should be a certain extent of ‘interchange between theoreticaland practical learning’ in engineering education in order to solve the particular problem. Thisstudy can also be used as a reference for academicians and education management teams forthe continuous quality improvement of their engineering programmes.

Keywords: TRIZ; engineering education; problem-solving

Oral O44

Exploring the Diffusion of Food Tourism Promotions Through ASEAN Destination of Marketing Organizations (DMOs) Official Websites & Social Media Applications

Iliani A2, Murphy J3, Abdullah R4, and Ahmad Fareed I1*

[email protected]

1,2Department of Food Service and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Technology,University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Center of TourismStudies, University of Eastern Finland, 4Faculty of Computer Science and InformationTechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Drawing upon the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory, this conceptual paper developsresearch agenda on successful adoption and implementation amongst ASEAN tourismorganizations in promoting online the food tourism attractions. DOI covers many aspects ofdiffusion research includes both stages namely the adoption and implementation stages.Whilst the adoption of Internet in promoting ASEAN globally, may be at a high intensity, oneshould ponder on one niche marketing that is vastly important yet to be projectedtremendously online, which is known as food tourism. ASEAN community as a region are fullof colourful people, background, heritage and delicious food delicacy to offer to the world.However, the latter, which is ASEAN food visibility incorporation and extensive promotionusing the digital capacity are remain sparse. In tourism and hospitality, the extensivedependency on Internet for marketing purposes, demand for further investigation especiallywhen marketers started to introduce new niches on destination marketing based of foodauthenticity online or also referred in this conceptual paper as E-Food Tourism. Moreover, inthe E-Food Tourism perspectives, the diffusion studies among the official DMOs websites andsocial media are very limited and desired in-depth investigations. Therefore, the researchagenda calls for investigating the adoption of E-Food Tourism promotion as a marketing tools,and also identifies how bandwagon effects (following the fads and fashion) and leapfrogeffects (late adopters perform better than early adopters), relate to successful E-Food Tourismdiffusion among ASEAN countries. The study will contribute to the understanding of foodtourism promotions via Internet and assist in constructing the bandwagon and leapfroggingappropriate measures. The latter implications will be added to the body of knowledge withnew theories and measures especially to the DOI theory. To the ASEAN community, theconceptual paper will lead the region into a proper understanding and maximizing the E-FoodTourism promotions for the benefits of the ASEAN region.

Keywords: diffusion of innovations, leapfrog effects, Internet implementation, NTOs, E-FoodTourism, ASEAN, food, hospitality and tourism


Oral O45

Techno Economic Study of Chemical Zinc Oxide Synthesis from Zinc Dross Waste

Charis Achmad T1*, Beta Riana Liasari1, Agus Sukarto Wismogroho1, Wahyu Bambang Widayatno1,Retno Kusumaningrum1

, Lina Jaya Diguna3, Muhamad Ikhlasul Amal2*

[email protected]

1Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia.2Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, TangerangSelatan, Indonesia. 3Prasetiya Mulya University, Tangerang, Indonesia.

Automotive is one sector that uses zinc metal as the main material for casting andgalvanization processes. During the galvanization process, zinc is mixed with iron andaccumulates in the disposal section. The mixture of iron and zinc is recycled again withElectric Arc Furnace (EAF). Zinc collected in EAF is then referred to as Dross Zinc. Someresearchs have been done on extracting zinc from dross zinc. In this research, the method ofrecovering zinc metal is studied in the form of metal oxide, namely zinc oxide. A need to find away to be able to extract zinc metal from zinc dross as effectively and efficiently as possible,so that the zinc metal production process can run with maximum potential. Construction of anintegrated plant for recycling zinc metal will only be undertaken where it has ‘economicfeasibility’. This paper explains the study of combined process modelling and techno-economic analyses to evaluate and estimate the cost for zinc metal recovery from zinc dross.The process simulation was carried out by developing a detailed flowsheet of a processing ofzinc metal recovery. The detailed flowsheet and the mass and energy balances weredeveloped. It is worthwhile to note that the elements distributions were predicted fromthermodynamic calculations and could be different to the actual process. The outcome of thestudy confirms that the zinc metal recovery process embedded in the considerable potentialvalue. It has been shown that increasing the plant annual production capacity has substantialinfluence on the cost to benefit ratio and the internal rate of return (IRR) of the process. It wasalso found that the minimum plant capacity for the process to be still economically viable is100 tonnes/annum.


Oral O46


Is the Health System Stronger when Localities Decide for Themselves?Lessons from Devolution of Health Services in the Philippines

Liwanag HJ1,2,3 and Wyss K1,4

[email protected] ; [email protected]

1Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. 2Health Human ResourceDevelopment Bureau, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines. 3Balik Scientist Program,Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Department of Science andTechnology, Taguig City, Philippines. 4 University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Background: One motivation for decentralization in the health sector is the assumption thatdecisions regarding health services are better made by those at local levels who know bettertheir needs. Such was one driver for devolution in the Philippines, or when the nationalgovernment transferred most responsibilities for public health services to local governments.We analyzed the effectiveness of decentralization in enhancing decision-making for healthservices in the Philippines. Methods: We purposively-selected 27 key decision-makers in thePhilippine health system and explored their decision-making for the functions of: (a) planning;(b) financing and budget allocation; (c) program implementation and service delivery; (d)management of facilities, equipment and supplies; (e) health workforce management; and (f)data monitoring and utilization. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed following theFramework Method and by drawing from the Decision Space approach. Results: Across allfunctions, decision space for local decision-makers was assessed to be moderate or narrowdespite 25 years of devolution. To improve decision-making in these functions, adjustments inlocal capacities should include, at the individual level, skills for strategic planning,management, priority-setting, evidence-informed policy-making and innovation in servicedelivery. At institutional levels, these desired capacities should include having a multi-stakeholder approach, generating revenues from local sources, partnering with the privatesector and facilitating cooperation between local health facilities. Accountability adjustmentsshould focus on the various mechanisms that can be enforced by the central level toincentivize success and regulate failure by the local governments in performing the functions.Conclusion: Widening decision space for local decision-makers must be accompanied by thecorresponding adjustments in capacities and accountability to promote good decision-makingat lower levels in the decentralized functions. Analyzing the health system through the lens ofdecision space helps develop concrete policy adjustments to ensure health systemsstrengthening even when localities decide for themselves.

Oral O47


A Comparison of Perceived Food Safety Knowledge and Real Food Safety Practices at Work among the Food Handlers

Lee HK1, Hishamuddin AH2, Thong KL1, Chai LC1.

[email protected]

1Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603,Malaysia. Occupational Safety & Health Unit, Registrar’s Department, University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: The food handlers in Malaysia are required to attend the safefood handling course provided by the authorised trainers. However, the translation ofperceived knowledge to practices is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to review the gapsbetween perceived knowledge, attitude and self-reported practices (KAP) on food safety andthe real food safety practices among the food handlers. Methods: The food safety KAP amongfood handlers (n = 67) was assessed using a face-to-face interview questionnaire; while thehand swabs (n = 85) were tested for the total aerobic count, coliforms, and Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Thisstudy was conducted in an academic institute in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Results: The foodhandlers generally have moderate level of food safety knowledge (61.7%), good attitude(51.9/60) and good self-reported practices (53.2/60) despite the low level of education.However, the results from microbiological assessments of the hand swabs did not reflect thefood safety knowledge they perceived. Results showed that 65% of the food handlers had anunsatisfactory level of total aerobic count (≥ 20 CFU/cm2) and 48% of the food handlers’hands were detected positive for Salmonella spp. Conclusion: The results suggested that theperceived food safety knowledge was not translated to their practices at work and the need toreview current safe food handling courses in Malaysia. It is also important to look into thefactors that inhibit the transfer of knowledge into food safety behaviour among the foodhandlers. This would better assist in implementation of food safety culture among the foodoperators.

Oral O48

Mushroom Poisoning in Malaysia: Challenges & Way Forward

Tan YS1,2, Phan CW2,3, Jaya Seelan SS4, Bolhassan MH5, Vikineswary S1,2

[email protected]

1Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya. 2Mushroom ResearchCentre, Universiti Malaya. 3Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy,Universiti Malaya. 4Institute of Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaya Sabah.5Faculty of Resource Science and Management, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Background and Objectives: Mushrooms are important food source for human due to itsdistinctive taste and nutritional value. There are currently over 131,459 reported mushroomsspecies and estimated 3% of these are poisonous and <1% of these are fatal when ingested.The number of mushroom poisoning cases in Malaysia increased since 2017 but the numberof reported cases could be highly under-estimated as the symptoms were categorized fromthe clinical symptoms. The aim of this project are to i) conduct mushroom poisoningsurveillance system by the public health sector; ii) provide training to health professionals andpublic health officers on mushroom poisoning. Methods: Mycologists from UniversitiMalaya, Universiti Malaysia Sabah and Universiti Malaysia Sarawak have been providingservice to Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health (MOH) in the identification ofpoisonous mushroom samples involved in the outbreak cases. Besides, a mycology-orientedmodule was developed to disseminate the knowledge of basic mushroom idenfication,collection and record to public health officers from MOH. Results: Mushrooms are normallyidentified by morphological characteristics. In many cases, the samples received were not wellpreserved and thus has delayed the process of species identification to ensure proper medicaltreatment. Moreover, some poisonous mushrooms could be new or belong exclusively to EastAsia taxa with unique geographical range. Training to transfer knowledge and skills throughMushroom Poisoning Workshop to the medical professionals and public health officers fromall over Malaysia has been successfully conducted since 2017. Conclusion: It is necessary tocontinue the knowledge transfer and awareness on mushroom poisoning among healthprofessionals, as well as mushroom forager and public.


Oral O49

Parent-child feeding practices among Malaysian Chinese families in Klang Valley

Yang WY1, Chua CS1, Wong FMF1, Ong SH1, Arasu K1

[email protected]

1Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health,International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Childhood obesity has become a major health issue as Malaysia,a developing Asian country experiences a rapid nutrition and lifestyle transition. Given thedetrimental short-term and long-term consequences of childhood obesity, effective and well-targeted obesity treatment interventions are the priorities for implementation. Yet, currentevidence related to family environmental factors in Malaysia is limited. We hypothesised thatthe parental-child feeding practices vary amongst different cultures. The present study, aimedto examine and report the parent-child feeding practices amongst the Chinese ethnicity inMalaysia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Klang Valley on Chinesechildren aged 7 to 12 years and their mothers. Data on sociodemographic, anthropometricmeasurements, diet recall and a validated questionnaire on child feeding practices werecollected. Inferential statistics were used to explore the relationships between variables.Results: A total of 99 pairs of mothers and children participated. Majority (62%) of thechildren had normal weight. Four domains of mother-child feeding practices (perceivedfeeding responsibility, restriction, pressure to eat and monitoring) had mean score of 3.7 outof 5.0, suggesting the Chinese mothers’ tendency to use them on their children. It was foundthat increased child’s age was significantly associated with decreasing of controlled feedingpractices (pressure to eat, r=-0.207, p=0.031; monitoring, r=-0.288, p=0.002). Perceived childoverweight subscale was positively associated with child’s fat intake (r=0.204, p=0.033).Conclusions: Besides providing some important insights into child health and nutrition, theoverall study findings extended the previous local studies published. Our results highlight thatmeasuring specific aspects of the child feeding practices amongst the Malaysian Chinese cansubstantially enhance the understanding of the ways in which family environment may fosterthe development of childhood obesity. Interventions targeting on these factors will help toimprove child’s nutritional status through reinforcement of culturally appropriate parent-childfeeding practices.


Oral O50


Asian Mollusks Shells Waste as Renewable Source for the Production of Biogenic Calcium Carbonate and Its Characterization

Abdullah F1, Matmin J1, Selahuddeen ML1

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: The prowess to reuse and recycle of three common asian bivalvemollusks which are blood cockles (Anadara granosa) green mussel (Perna viridis) and asianclam (Corbicula fluminea) shells for raw material in bioceramics applications is an attractivecomponent of integrated waste management program. In this paper an attempt is made tointroduce a simple process to manufacture biogenic CaCO3 powder from these asian bivalvemollusks waste. Methods: The biogenic CaCO3 powder was produced from rinsing of all o lfthe mollusks shells waste using deionised water and oxalic acid for cleaning the dirt and stainon the shells, then the shell waste were dried and grinded to powder form. The powderobtained was characterised by XRF, DTA/TG, SEM, Nitrogen adsorption/desorption surfacearea, FTIR, and XRD analysis. Results: The amount of Ca for all mollusks shell was more than500,000 mg/kg obtained from XRF result. The thermal decomposition of CaCO3 become CaOdue to mass loss was observed in the TG curve. The SEM result shows the needle-likearagonite morphology of blood cockle shells powder transformed to cubic-like calcite. Theseresults were consistent with FTIR and XRD results. Conclusion: Biogenic CaCO3 powderpoteantially synthesised by using all studied asian mollusk shells waste material. The resultsfound that blood cockle shells have high content of Ca (> 500,000 mg/kg). This high content ofCa obtained from processed blood cockle shell is very useful for bioceramics and manyindustries applications. Therefore, recycle waste material into valued added material ispromising challenge in development of functional material and also solution to the problemsof disposal especially for the shell by-products.

Oral O51

Effect of Increasing CO2 Concentration on Absorption and Nutrient Removal of Supra Intensive Pond Wastewater by Marine Microalgae Tetraselmis Chui

Akbar Tahir1, Khusnul Yaqin1, Muhammad Lukman1 and Nita Rukminasari1*

[email protected]

1Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.

Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect ofincreasing CO2 concentration on the growth as culture as well as removal of nitrogen andphosphorus from shrimp pond wastewater (SPWW) by Tetraselmis chui. Methods: Thefactorial experimental design was used to examine the efficiency nutrient removal and ratefrom SPWW by T. chui. in different CO2 concentrations. The treatment of SPWW percentagein culture medium namely, 100% SPWW, 75% SPWW+25% SW and 75% SW+25% SPWW andwe used three CO2 concentration treatments, which were 390 ppm, 550 ppm and 1000 ppmusing CO2 system. Results: Abundance of T. chui. for all cultivation periods tended to higher attreatments of 390 ppm CO2 and 100% SPWW, however there was a declining abundance overperiod of cultivation for both treatments (CO2 concentrations and percentage of SPWW inculture medium). The increasing CO2 concentration at 100% SPWW in the culture medium ofT. chui. caused decreasing cell abundance over period of culture. The highest growth rate wasfound at 100% SPWW in the culture medium at 390 ppm CO2 concentration accounting for0.096 cell day -1. On the other hand, the lowest growth rate of T. chui. was found at 75%SPWW+25% SW treatment at 1000 ppm CO2 concentration, accounting for 0.044 cell day -

1. The range of growth rate for different percentage of SPWW in the culture medium and CO2

concentration treatments from 0.037±0.0058 (1000 ppm CO2 concentration at 75% SPWW+25%SW in culture medium) and 0.096±0.006 (390 ppm CO2 concentration at 100% SPWW inculture medium). Conclusion: Nitrogen removal efficiency and rate by T. chui. stronglyaffected by CO2 concentration. On the other hand, there was no significant effect ofincreasing CO2 concentration to removal efficiency and rate of PO4 by T. chui.


Oral O52

You are What You Eat: Stable Isotope Analysis as a New Emerging Tool in Marine Research

Maizah M. Abdullah1,2

[email protected]

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment and 2Institute of Oceanography and Environment(INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Malaysia.

Abstract: Information on the diet and trophic position of a marine species is one of the mainkeys to understand its ecological role and most important, to support for the conservationplanning. Previously, information on the diet of organisms were obtained by analysing itsstomach content. However, this method is lethal and not suitable to be applied on theendangered species such as sharks, turtles or any other protected species. In addition,stomach content analysis only shows the recent feeding of an organism and does not showthe real diet of the species because some prey that are hard to digest remain longer in thegut. Therefore, the newer approach namely stable isotope analysis (SIA) is proposed to beused in food web studies. SIA is a non-lethal method that is suitable to examine dietary intakeof marine organism. In this presentation, I will be sharing on how the application of stableisotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) are/have been used in my research particularly involving theimportant marine species such as sharks, rays and turtles. Samplings were conducted withinthe South China Sea in Pahang and Terengganu. SIA sample preparations were done inUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu and the mass spectrometry analysis were done at MalaysianNuclear Agency (MNA) and/or Department of Chemistry.


Oral O53


Impact of AI in Educational Research

Mahalakshmi J1, Kuppusamy K2

[email protected]

1Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Technology, PSG College of Arts & Science,Coimbatore, India. 2Professor & Head, Department of Computational Logistics, AlagappaUniversity, Karaikudi, India.

Background and objectives: Artificial Intelligence, a new technological force has itssubstantial growth in the past decade, because of its ease of use and accessibility. Now-a-daysAI contributes its application almost in all the fields like Healthcare, Education, Industry, andTransport in helping the humans to enrich greater things by transforming the techniques. Thisarticle focused mainly about the impact of AI in Education. Current State of art of AI ineducation is briefly discussed in this article. Methods: Higher learning institutions, is inemerge to meet the demands of the students, were more familiar with working online. OnlineTeaching and Learning is primary concern regarding the Higher education institutes, and thereexisting various methods to achieve this through the AI. In this article, the Varied AI Tools thatcould be employed as online teaching tools with in the classroom environment and makelearning more interesting is been presented. Also, this paper brings out various AI tools thatare employed for the improvement in the teaching learning environment of the HearingImpairment students in the education institutions. Results: This article bring out brieflyvarious tools and techniques available as the AI application that can be employed to teachinglearning process. Conclusion: As a conclusion, this article aimed for the researchers workingin the development of new AI tools, for future education and learning, and also inculcatesdeeper knowledge using real-world applications.

Oral O54

The Effects of Nature Sound in Open-Plan Office on Cognitive Performance of Employees

Dahari AM1, Mahudin NDM2

[email protected]

1Department of Psychology, School of Business and Management, KPJ Healthcare UniversityCollege, Persiaran Seriemas, Kota Seriemas, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. 2Department ofPsychology, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, InternationalIslamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Acoustical distraction has been a concern since open-plan officedesign was introduced. While it seems impractical to eliminate the noise in its entirety, areasonable approach (i.e.: instilling nature sound) as a mean to recover from cognitivedepletion is introduced. The study aimed to investigate the influence of nature sound in anopen-plan office settings on cognitive performance of employees. Methods: A quasi-experiment was conducted to fifty administrative staffs where they were exposed to fourtypes of sounds consecutively (i.e.; biophony nature sound, machine-generated noise,geophony nature sound, and human-generated noise) for a duration of one week per sound attheir respective office before they were given an error detection task at the end of each weekto test for the cognitive performance. The data were analysed using a one way repeatedmeasure ANOVA. Results: The study indicated a significant increment in cognitiveperformance after exposure to biophony nature sound, while exposure to human-generatednoise resulted in enormous decline of cognitive performance. Conclusion: Nature soundspecifically biophony positively contributes to the enhancement of cognitive performance,while noise sourced from human decreases such performance. Results from the study providehuge implication and recommendation for future research.


Oral O55

Visualizing Yeast Research in Biopharmaceutical Sciences using Bibliometric and Scientometric Approaches

Wan JY1, Macreadie I2, Abdullah N3, Phan CW1,4,

[email protected]

1Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya,50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083,Australia. 3Department of Library Science & Information, Faculty of Computer Science &Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4MushroomResearch Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: With the advancement of yeast research since its first scholarlypublication, it is important to evaluate and visualise the scientific landscape of yeast research;particularly in biopharmaceutical area. This current study aimed to identify and evaluate the1,000 most-cited publications on yeast research in biopharmaceutical science, hence,presenting an overview of research trend in this domain. Methods: Bibliographic informationof publications on yeast research in biopharmaceutical science spanning from 1960 to 2019was retrieved from Scopus in February 2019. Data analysis was done by bibliometric approachand VOSviewer was used to visualise the data. Results: A drastic growth in publication numbersince the year 2000 was observed. We analysed the top 1000-most citedpublications. Overall, the 1,000 publications received a total of 47,630 citations. The mostinfluential author in this field was Jens Nielsen from Sweden. Upon subjected to Bradford’slaw of scattering, we found that among all the 464 journals, 25 core journals were identified.The most prolific journal is Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin with the number of paperspublished, n = 51. United States, Japan, and China were the major countries whichcontributed one third out of the 1,000 publications (36.8%). International collaborationanalysis also showed the collaborations were mainly among developed countries. From theterms co-occurrence analysis, yeast, production, activity, system, protein, strain, andpharmaceutical were some of the high frequency keywords. Conclusion: This comprehensivebibliometric analysis highlights that yeast research is of high significance in biopharmaceuticalscience research. These results can serve as a quick benchmarking reference for researchersto locate current research hotspots and gaps in this research domain.


Oral O56

Peace Education in Primary Schools in the Central Highlands of Papua, Indonesia

Agustinus Hermino1

[email protected]

1Sari Mulia University, Banjarmasin, Indonesia.

The purpose of this research is to describe about: peace building and child protectionmainstreaming at the primary schools. This case will be examined regarding developing schoolcurriculum that integrates values and principal of local wisdom as part of daily teaching andlearning process; social empowerment to develop peace building and child protection. Themain goal is to raise awareness of local leaders about the importance of safe and peacefulenvironment for the child development and growth; and improvement of government policyto foster peace and child protection. The result is expected to improve the capacity andcommitment of local government to support and promote peace and child protection throughregional law.

Keywords: peace education, child protection, child-friendly


Oral O57

Providing Sustainable Sanitation In Kampung Sungai Jang, Selangor: Barriers And Strategies

J. R. Yeo1, H. K. Yeoh1, W. H. Teoh1

[email protected]

1Chemical Engineering Department University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.

Poor sanitation practices have often been associated with environmental pollution as well asthe spreading of diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, schistosomiasis, trachoma and typhoid.The present study looked into the barriers in providing sustainable sanitation in marginalisedcommunities with a focus on Kampung Sungai Jang. Interview sessions were carried out withrepresentatives from various stakeholders including the Sanitation Servicing Department(Jabatan Perkhidmatan Pembetungan), the Indigenous People Development Department(Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli), as well as representatives from various departments of thelargest sanitation service provider in Malaysia, Indah Water Konsortium. The present workfound that the main barriers to providing sustainable sanitation can be separated into twocategories; the physical barriers and the human-related barriers. The physical barriers consist ofthe inaccessibility of construction/ desludging machinery into the settlements, as well as theland structure that is not suitable for the construction of certain sanitation facilities. Thehuman related barriers include a lack of communication between stakeholders, as well as a lackof awareness within the indigenous communities on their rights to the aids provided. A numberof strategies to tackle the identified problems is outlined and discussed in the present paper.Keywords: Sanitation, water, health, indigenous community, health, poverty.


ABSTRACTS FOR

ORAL HIGHLIGHTS

(POSTER)

PRESENTATIONS

ID No. Title

OH1AApproach for Use of Hazard and Operability Analysis to Probabilistic Safety Assessment of Thai Research Reactor-1/ Modification 1.

OH2AMachine Learning Algorithms for DDOS Attack Classification in Software Defined Network

OH3A Enhancing Collaborative Fog Environment through Fault Tolerance Scheme

OH4AAn Improved Momentum Rate in Artificial Neural Networks for Estimating Product Cycle Time at a Semiautomatic Production.

OH5A Commuting Accidents in Malaysia: The Trend and Intervention Status

OH6A Indoor Air Quality Exposures in Urban Child Day-care Centres

OH7AURBANIZATION AND THE IMPACT TOWARDS CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA: AN EARLY OVERVIEW

OH8A Organic Fire Retardant from Banana Pseudostem-sap as Applied to Interior Lumber

OH9A Waste Management: Levels of Implementation and Satisfaction in SLU-LSHS

OH10A The Effectiveness of Hexagonal Steel Geogrid in Averting Soil Erosion in Baguio City

OH11AUnderstanding Dermal Exposure to Pesticide Among Sprayers in Agriculture Subsectors in Malaysia

OH12A Anti-amoebic activity of Benzimidazoles and Tetrazoles

OH13ATestosterone Reduces Expression of αvβ3 integrin, Mucin-1 and E-cadherin in Early Pregnant Rats.

OH14AInfluence of Cinnamon Bark and Twig Extracts on the Antioxidant Property of Fermented Milk After in-vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

OH15AHew’s Chart of Healthy Bodyweights and Normal Body Mass Index Curve: A Good Guideline to Determine Overweight Status in Adults

OH16AHomeobox B13 (HOXB13): a Novel Candidate Tumour Suppressor Gene in Bladder Cancer

OH17AThe Effect of Wi-Fi Exposure On the Testis and Sperm Quality of Growing Sprague Dawley Pups.

OH18AAntimicrobial Potential of Metabolites from Mangrove Actinobacteria against M.tuberculosis H37Ra, M.smegmatis and MRSA

OH19AAssociation of KCNJ11 (rs5219), IRS-1 (rs1801278), and IGF2BP2 (rs4402960) Gene Polymorphisms with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study in a Filipino Population

OH20ASeroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among FELDA and Rural Population in Malaysia

OH21A Ergothioneine protects HT22 hippocampal cells against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity by enhancement of antioxidation, mitochondrial functions, and anti-apoptotic activities

OH22A Experimental Dopamine Addiction: The Utility of Female Rattus norvegicus Urine Based Aromatherapy for Treatment of Addiction in Male Rats

TABLE OF CONTENT

OH23AFunctional Roles of Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SPHK1) in Regulating the Survival of Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Non-stem Breast Cancer Cells through STAT1 Suppression

OH24ACombination of BCL-XL and MCL-1 selective inhibitors synergistically inhibit Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma cell proliferation

OH25AThe synthesis of hydroxyapatite using sonochemical method from clamshell waste as calcium precursor.

OH26AIdentifying Gaps in the Department of Health (DOH) Philippines Supply Chain Logistics Management (SCLM)

OH27AIdentification of Tumor Cell-Intrinsic Immune Modulators in Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

OH28ABioprospecting of Potential Antibiotic Producing Marine Sediments-Derived Actinobacteria from Romblon Islands, Philippines

OH29ASocio-demographic distributions of patients diagnosed with Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the northern region states of Peninsular Malaysia (A Preliminary Study)

OH30A Functional Recovery of Distal Radius Fracture (DRF): A Scoping Review

OH31AEffectiveness of Cognitive Training in Improving Age-related Memory Declines in Elderlies: A Systematic Review.

OH32ABiocompatible Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles as Potential Cost-effective Photothermal Therapy Agents for Skin Cancers: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicity and Photothermal Heating Studies

OH33AAnalysis of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 Polymorphisms Among Filipino Patients on Celecoxib Therapy

OH34AExpression of Ki-67, Cornulin and ISG15 in Non-involved Mucosal Surgical Margins as Predictive Markers for Relapse in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC).

OH35ABiofilm Disrupting Activity of Indigenous Lactobacillus 29A against Selected Candida Species.

OH36A Anti-bacterial activity of plants extracts against some clinical isolates of Bacteria

OH37ASurface Modification of Bacterial Polymer Nano-P(3HB-co-4HB) as Potential Cardiac Patch

OH38A Comparing blood oxidative stress levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

OH39AThe Modulation of TRAIL Expression in TGFβ1-mediated Bronchial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

OH40AAntiviral Activity of Silymarin in comparison with Baicalein against Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71)

OH41A Characterization of Synovium Membrane in Osteoarthritis

OH42AEffect of Christia vespertilionis Extract on Monocyte Adhesion to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs).

OH43A Protein Profiling of Synovial Membrane from Osteoarthritis Patients

OH44ACell Proliferation and Collagen Expression of Human Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Hypoxia Conditioning/ Mechanical Stimulation

OH45AA Comparative study on Adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cell morphology, viability, proliferation, Osteogenic marker and Alizarin red index on PLLA (Poly L lactide) nano-fibrous scaffold and monolayer culture.

OH46AAnti-Neuroinflammatory Effect of Spirulina platensis Against LPS-Induced BV2 Microglia

OH47ATesting of a 22-gene Next Generation Sequencing Panel for the Management of Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

OH48ANewcastle disease virus as potential therapeutic agent against bladder cancer stem cells.

OH49APadina australis Protects Corticosterone-Induced Damage in PC12 Cells by Attenuating Oxidative Stress-Mediated ROS Production

OH41A Characterization of Synovium Membrane in Osteoarthritis

OH50ANaturally Occurring Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Phytochemicals in Herbal Products: A Review on Malaysian Medicinal Plants

OH51ARisk Assessment of Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Estragole in Plant-Based Food Supplements (PFS) in Malaysia

OH52ADeveloping cisplatin resistant bladder cancer cell lines: a preliminary study on the insight of the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer

OH53AActivated carbon particle size distribution, the forgotten cause for supercapacitor energy storage.

OH54A Modification of carbon-based Li-S battery cathodes by green radiation processing

OH55A Synthesis of Biodegradable Lubricant Base Oil using Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

OH56ASynthesis, Characterisation and Structural Studies Of Cerium(III) and Praseodymium(III) Based Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

OH57ASimple NMR predictors of catalytic hydrogenation activity for [Rh(cod)Cl(NHC)] complexes featuring fluorinated NHC ligands

OH58APreliminary study for monitoring heavy metals in food products based on nanoparticles and curcumin extract.

OH59AProduction of Natural Sweetener from Overripe Banana and Utilization of its Residue in Developing Low Glycaemic Index Chocolate Cookie

OH60AStudy on Nutritional Value of Flakes From Corn and Modified Mas Banana Tuber (Musa Acuminata Colla) Flour

OH61AAssessing the Severity of Patch Size and Perimeter of Fragmented Forest by Using Web Based Spatial Analysis

OH62ASynthesis, Characterisations And Structural Study Of Triazole Containing Metal Organic Frameworks (Mofs)

OH63AFatty Acid Profiling and Physicochemical Properties of Crude and Refined Asian Seabass Liver Oil.

OH64AFungal Diversity Associated with Symptomatic Mangrove Leaves, Sediment and Sesarmid Crabs

OH65APreliminary Result of Bornean Elephant (Elephas Maximus Borneensis) Feeding Ecology in Oil Palm Plantation. A Case Study in Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah.

OH66ACatalytic Reduction of Rhodamine B using Silver Nanoparticles Immobilized on Eggshell Membrane

OH67AComparison of Birds Diversity of UiTM Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus with Previous Data Due to Occurrence of Anthropogenic Effect Nearby

OH68A Nanocellulose: Synthesis And Applications In Colloids And Interfaces

OH69AThe Effects of Pesticide and Agrochemical Use on Highland Agricultural Areas to River Water Quality and Human Health

OH70AMORPHOLOGICAL AND MERISTICAL STUDY ON RICE BUGS Leptocorisa oratorius(Fabricius, 1764) AT THE PADDY FIELDS IN KUALA PILAH AND BAHAU

OH71AIntertidal Spatial Surface Water Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals Assessment in a Tropical River Estuary

OH72A Biochar From Biomass for Potential Applications

OH73AUnderstanding Of Silicon Nutrient Applications In Controlling Fusarium Fruit Rot Disease Of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Glamour

OH74AHeavy metals in the estuarine water, sediment and aquatic biota and its potential health risk

OH75A Bioprospecting of high lipid and carotenoid microalgae from Peninsular Malaysia

OH76AThe Response of Root Growth of Rice (Oryza Sativa) On Trichoderma Asperellum SL2 Inoculation.

OH77A Organic Oxidation by Plasma Micro/Nanobubble in water

OH78AEnriched Gamification and Game-Based Learning (EGGBL) in Toxicology: Impact on Instructions, Flow, Engagement, Immersion and Mindful Learning

OH79A Creative Branding Exercise to Connect Diversified Regional Science Outreach

OH80AEthical Behavior in Classroom Learning of Cambodian College Student: Case Study at the Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia

OH81ATalent optimization and technology innovation in gig economy: Empowering Mompreneurs in Malaysia

OH82AIdentifying the Determinants that Promote Scientists’ Participation in Conventional and Modern Media

OH83ADissecting the genomic profile of persistently infecting oncolytic Newcastle disease virus(NDVpi) from cancer RNA-Seq data

OH84ANanocellulose extracted by acid hydrolysis of isolated cellulose from sugarcane bagasse and coconut husk fibre: Structure and Morphology Studies

OH85AA novel approach on ionic liquid-based cellulose derivative biosourced polymer electrolytes towards safer sodium-ion batteries

OH86A The Role of Innate Trust and Distrust in Teams

OH87AMetabolites Profiling and Biological Activities 0f Extracts from Wild and Cultivated Mushroom, Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden

OH88AK.alvarezii Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in A Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

OH1B Walkability of Baguio City

OH2BPerception on the Adoption of Food Delivery Mobile Applications Among University Students in Selangor, Malaysia

OH3BDistinctive Organization of Aliphatic Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides for Non-Optical Detection of Nitrobenzene.

OH4BExploring the Adoption of Cashless Payment Application: A Case of Consumers Acceptance at Hawker’s Stall in Bazaar Ramadhan Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

OH5B SMAD2, A Potential Key Genetic Marker Involved in Allergic Rhinitis.

OH6B HOXA Genes DNA Methylation Profiles In Colorectal Cancer

OH7BIdentification Of Novel Sesamol Dimers With Unusual Methylenedioxy Ring-Opening Skeleton And Evaluation Of Their Antioxidant And Cytotoxic Activities

OH8B Screening of antilisterial gene in lactic acid bacteria using nucleic acid amplification

OH9BNatural Plant-Based Nanoformulation: A Modern Rational Design Path in Securing Selective and Efficient Anti-Cancer Activity.

OH10BCharacterization of Peptides from Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Various Pathogens with Potential Antimicrobial Activities

OH11BEvaluation of DNA damage in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups testes following Wi-Fi Exposure: A preliminary report

OH12B2, 4, 6-trihydroxy-3-geranylacetophenone (tHGA) Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions and Scratching Behaviour in BALB/c Mice

OH13BThe relationship between bone-related peptides and trabecular bone microstructure in a metabolic syndrome-induced bone loss rat model.

OH14BOral Health related Behaviour among Yemenis School Adolescents Living in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

OH15BPhase Behaviour & Stability Study of APG-incorporated Carrier Systems for Pharmaceutical Application.

OH16BSerum Affects Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cell Line with Regard to Dendritic Length and Expression of Neuron Specific β-III Tubulin

OH17BFactors Associated in Developing Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (ICM) versus Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (NICM) among Malaysian Population

OH18BBacterial Profiling of Head Lice Isolated from the Orang Asli: A First Report in Malaysia

OH19B The Link between Stathmin and Microtubule Stability in Bronchial Remodelling

OH20BCreating an In Vivo Biosynthesis Platform For High-Throughput Generation of Peptide-Based Antibiotic Analogues

OH21BINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE, CXCL10 AND KYNURENINE METABOLITES, ANTHRANILIC ACID AND QUINOLINIC ACID: POTENTIAL PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS OF DENGUE WITH WARNING SIGNS

OH22BCharacterisation of Newcastle Disease Virus-Mediated Oncolysis of TCCSUP Bladder Cancer Cell Line

OH23BMutagenicity Assessment of Paddy Water from Tanjung Karang, Selangor Using Ames Test: A Preliminary Study

OH24BSize-controlled Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Seaweed Sargassum polycystum

OH25B Cytotoxicity Of Organotin(iv) Complexes Containing Dithiocarbazate Schiff

OH26B Highly Active Dendritic Fibrous Material for Carbon Monoxide Conversion

OH27BIndolenine-dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene Ni(II) Complexes as Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

OH28BSynthesis Zno From Zn (CH 3 COO) 2 Uses The Hydrometallurgical Method For Solar Cells

OH29BGREEN MOULD CONTAMINATION IN LOCAL MUSHROOM FARM: PRELIMINARY STUDY

OH30BAntagonistic Interactions & Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Malaysian Fermented Shrimp

OH31BEffect of pickling process on ascorbic acid content and antioxidant properties of selected fruit pickles

OH32BWater and caloric beverage consumption patterns and its association with body mass index among Malaysian Adults

OH33BSilicon Nutrient Improve Growth and Enhance Chlorophyll of Pepper Plant (Pipper nigrum)

OH34B Turtle sanctuary provides seasonal hatchling “buffet” to reef sharks

OH35B Diversity of Fungi at Sea Turtle Nesting Sites in Malaysia

OH36BModeling Oceanic Dispersal of Sea Turtle Hatchlings Through Locomotors Energetic Cost and Ocean Current

OH37BLitter production and Decomposition in a Tropical Peat Swamp Forest : A case study in Pekan Forest Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia

OH38BTaro (Colocasia Esculenta) Leaves as Hydrophobic Bio-wax Coating for Recycled Grocery Paper Bags

OH39B Waste to Wealth: The hidden potential of waste from Artocarpus integer fruit

OH40B ASEAN Collaboration in Boosting Tourism Development

OH41BLeadership for Students with Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Possibilities

OH42B Synthesis of Spherical Zinc Powder Using Distillation Method

OH43BGold Nanoparticles Supported On Reduce Graphene Oxide As Heterogeneous Catalysts.

OH44BUpper-Limb Muscle Activities During Oil Palm Harvesting Activity: A Biomechanical Basis For A Functional Exoskeleton Design

OH45B Analysis of Vehicle Mobility in Wireless Sensor Network

OH46B Establishing an in vitro model of chondrocyte cell death using SW1353 cells

OH47BThe protective effects of annatto tocotrienol in preserving bone strength in a rat model of advanced osteoporosis induced by oestrogen deficiency

OH48BDevelopment of an oral vaccine for Acinetobacter baumannii: Displaying antigenic proteins on the Bacillus subtilis spore surface

OH49BTripeptide Gly-Val-Arg Inhibited C-domain of Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme and Reduced High Blood Pressure in Rats

OH50B Phytochemical and toxicity evaluations of Smilax myosotiflora tubers

OH51B Acute In Vivo Toxicity Study of Kelulut Honey

OH52BTribenzyltin Carboxylates as Anticancer Agents: Evidence from Inhibition of Cancer Cells Viability, Motility and Invasion In Vitro to Tumour Growth In Vivo

OH53BEffect of Different Matrices on Endothelial Cell Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

OH54B Anti-cancer activity of Scorpion and frog

OH55BProposed oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) reference interval for GDM diagnosis among the Filipino population

OH56BCulture Medium Optimization for Large-Scale Production of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

OH57BCytotoxicity Effect of BHMC and Curcumin through Induction of ROS on Human Liver Cancer Cells, HepG2.

OH58B Microlipid encapsulating Vitamin C

OH59BEffect of Gynura procumbens Extract on Monocyte Adhesion to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs).

OH60BTechnical considerations in ex vivo human regulatory T cell migration and immunosuppression assays

OH61BMetformin Modulation Effects on Insulin Resistance-Associated Cellular Changes in Human Tenocytes: Implication of Diabetic Tendinopathy

OH62BIsolation And Characterization Of Rabbit Platelet-derived Extracellular Vesicles (P-ev)

OH63BEffect Of Adiponectin On Cell Proliferation And Collagen Synthesis Of Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells During Unstrained And Cyclic Mechanical Strain Loading Conditions

OH64BAlteration of Native mRNA Secondary Structure Caused by Exonic SNPs Identified in MMP2, MMP3 and CYP2D6 Genes in Breast Cancer

OH65BAnti-acetylcholinesterase activity of decanoic acid-rich fraction from Gracilaria manilaensis

OH66BIn vitro Microbial Interspecific Interaction of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in Vagina-Simulating Conditions

OH67BModified and Improved DNA Extraction Method for Molecular Detection of Candida Species from Positive Blood Culture Bottles

OH68BNovel Hybridized Peptides Induced Toxicity of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (HepG2) via Induction of Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

OH69BPhysico-Chemical Characterization and Invitro Release of Hydrophobic Drug of Arabic Gum-Grafted-Polyethylene Glycol Di-Methacrylic Acid Hydrogels

OH70BThe influence of dip-coating time on carbon dioxide/nitrogen separation performance.

OH71BExcellent Performance of Lithium Titanate Doped by Zr 3+ from Zircon Silicate as Dopant Source via Facile Method for Lithium Ion Battery

OH72BGreenhouse gases emission reduction through waste segregation program in Malaysia and potential landfill gas for energy production

OH73BNovel Porang Glucomannan (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) from Indonesia with Hydrolyzed Enzyme for Oligo-glucomannan Production

OH74BRisk Assessment of Aflatoxin in Plant Food Supplements and Herbal Medicine Products Marketed in Malaysia

OH75BAeroallergen and food allergen sensitisation patterns among Malaysian atopic patients

OH76B Developing a Summarized Health Index (SHI) of Sea Turtles in South China Sea

OH77B Meiofauna Assemblage Structure From The Southern South China Sea

OH78BPotential of Silicon Nutrients in Improving Growth of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT)

OH79BUtilization of Spray-ILGAR Technique for the Preparation of Titania on Stainless Steel Photocatalyst for the Decomposition of Acetaldehyde

OH80BNew zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) derived from imidazolate ligands: Synthesis and structural studies

OH81BSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATIONS AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF SILICON CONTAINING COVALENT ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (MOFS)

OH82BSpatial-Temporal Biodiversity and Distribution of Aquatic Zoobenthos and Plankton in Maros Karst Rivers

OH83BPetrography And Petrogenesis: Study Of Andesite Kikim Formation At The BeringinJanggut, South Sumatra, Indonesia

OH84BChanges of Form and Function of Langgar on Traditional Architecture Tanean Lanjang in Tanjung Bumi Madura Indonesia.

OH85BAcceptance of Community-Based Listening Project in Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

OH86BFostering Research Integrity in Malaysia Through Responsible Conduct of Research Education

OH87B Pilot Study: Factors related to bribe intention among Malaysian youths

Approach for Use of Hazard and Operability Analysis to Probabilistic Safety Assessment of Thai Research Reactor-1/ Modification 1.

Vechgama W

(On Behalf of Project Group of Probabilistic Safety Assessment of Thai Research Reactor-1/ Modification 1)

[email protected]

Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), 9/9 Moo 7, Saimoon,Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand.

Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) of Thai Research Reactor-1/ Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1)is one of requirements in Periodic Safety Review (PSR) which is recommended by theInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Thai Ministerial Regulation for NuclearFacilities. Determination of hazard events in PSA is the first step to be implemented usingappropriate method. Normally, methods to assess hazard events depend on obtainabledatabase of each nuclear facility. For TRR-1/M1, Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis,which use moderately detailed data to assess hazard events, is selected for conducting PSA ofTRR-1/M1. This is because PSA of TRR-1/M1 has never been implemented before, and there isno preparation of complete database of TRR-1/M1. Although, existing database of TRR-1/M1is incomplete for full-scale PSA, there are enough information for PSA using method whichneeds moderately detailed data to assess hazard events like HAZOP analysis. The objective ofthis study is to identify approach to use HAZOP analysis for PSA of TRR-1/M1 and applicationof statistics to increase reliability of risk value from HAZOP analysis. In the framework result,HAZOP analysis was determined to assess hazard events from internal events, human errorevents and external events in order to determine risk values. Bayesian statistics was applied toresults of hazard events from HAZOP analysis to increase reliability of risk values. The riskvalues were compared with other method which used highly detailed data to assess hazardevents of other research reactors which is similar with TRR-1/M1 to verify the results of TRR-1/M1. In conclusion, the framework of PSA of TRR-1/M1 under HAZOP analysis succeeds toassess risk value in primary and is an important approach in determination risk points inoperation and maintenance of TRR-1/M1.

Oral Highlights OH1A


Machine Learning Algorithms for DDOS Attack Classification in Software Defined Network

Aye Thandar Kyaw1 , May Zin Oo1 , Chit Su Khin1

[email protected]

1Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, Mandalay TechnologicalUniversity, Myanmar.

One of new networking technologies, Software Defined Network (SDN) has centralized controland programmable capability and is able to separate the control plane and data plane overthe network. In SDN, network administrators can manage and control the whole networkthrough the centralized controller. As a controller that manages the whole system isvulnerable to distirubted deinal of service (DDOS) attacks, a failure of SDN controller is amajor leak for secuirty concern. The objectives of this research is thus to detect the DDOSattacks and classify those as normal or attack for SDN environment using machine learningalgorithms. DDOS attack is generated using scapy packet generation tools in mininet emulatorwith POX controller. Then, the accuracy rates, classification time and false positive rates forthe detection of DDOS attacks are examined using machine learning classification algorithmssuch as Random Forest, XGBoost and Support Vector Machine, and then which algorithmperfoms very well for such attacks is recommended.


Smart Cities, Industry, Engineering & Infrastructure

Enhancing Collaborative Fog Environment through Fault Tolerance Scheme

Thanda Shwe1 , Aye Thida1 , Zar Chi Ko Ko Hein1

[email protected]

1Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, Mandalay TechnologicalUniversity, Mandalay, Myanmar.

Background and Objectives: Recently, there is growing adoption of Internet of Things (IoT)technology in our daily life such as smart city, smart home, and healthcare. In currentscenario, cloud computing supports storage and processing for IoT data. However, some ofthe IoT applications such as smart city, and machinery automation are real time applicationsand adopting cloud computing for such applications has high latency because sensor data isneeded to transfer to cloud data center in remote place. Thus, cloud computing are incapableof supporting timeliness requirements of real time IoT applications, resulting in difficulties toimplement in practice. To overcome this challenge, fog computing which move processing andstorage capabilities to the near place where the data comes from is introduced in order toprovide storage and computing capabilities, rather than in the cloud. However, massivenumber of devices and components deployed in fog based system, component failure isunavoidable. Thus, fault tolerance is increasing important for fog and edge computingsystems. To the best of our knowledge, there is only a few work that focus on fault toleranceapproach in fog computing system. Methods: In this paper, we present fault toleranceapproach which consists of failure detection and recovery component. The failure detectioncomponent detects the failures of fog devices based on clustering scheme. The recoverycomponent shifts the application module on the failed fog device to the other remaining fogdevices. Results: Experimental results demonstrate that failure detection and recoverycomponent can effectively provide fault tolerance for the system, and significantly reducedelay of the applications. Conclusion: The proposed system enhances the efficiency ofcollaborative fog environment through proper fault management scheme.



An Improved Momentum Rate in Artificial Neural Networks for Estimating Product Cycle Time at a Semiautomatic Production.

Ahmarofi AA 1 , Abidin NZ2 , Ramli R3

[email protected]

1 Faculty of Industrial Management, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Abdul Razak,26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 2,3 School of Quantitative Sciences, UniversitiUtara Malaysia, 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia.

Among all the prediction techniques, the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) technique showsexcellent performance in solving prediction problems. The ANN technique has a momentumrate to slow down the ANN learning process. However, the value of the momentum rate hasno restriction since it is commonly based on the experiment with different values aspresented in the previous studies. In this regard, the objective of this research is to formulatea momentum rate for the ANN learning process based on equalization learning speed toachieve a better prediction result. The proposed momentum rate equation was tested onthree ANN models. Subsequently, the 3-2-1 network emerged as the best network based onthe smallest mean square error. To evaluate the proposed momentum rate, a problem basedon a real company situation in producing audio products was considered. Cycle time of thenew audio products at its semiautomatic production line was predicted based on severalfactors, which were manpower, material preparation time and machine breakdowns throughthe 3-2-1 ANN network. As a result, the best cycle time to complete new audio products canbe estimated accurately. In conclusion, the proposed momentum rate can improve theconvergence of the ANN learning process for a better prediction result. Consequently, audioproducts delivery is smooth for on-time shipment and fulfil customer’s demands.



Commuting Accidents in Malaysia: The Trend and Intervention Status

Mustafa M1 , Ja’afar MS1 , Azmi EA1 and Ibrahim A1

[email protected]

1Faculty of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: According to Social Security Organisation (SOCSO), a commutingaccident is an accident occurring on the habitual route which results in death or personalinjury, in either direction, between the place of work or work-related training and theworker’s principal or secondary residence. SOCSO statistics on commuting accident showedan upward trend in deaths. Looking at upward trend of commuting accidents, a lot ofprograms have been proposed with the aims at reducing road accidents at high risk andaccident-prone locations. This paper reviews the trends and intervention status of commutingaccidents in Malaysia. Methods: Some comprehensive literature reviews on Malaysian roadaccidents and commuting accidents involving workers were carried out. Results: In 2018,review of the statistics showed that most of the commuting involved commuting employeeswithin 5km from the destination, 65% of travel accidents involve young people under 40 inwhich 80% of them are male workers. In addition, 76.9% of accidents at the workplace involvemotorcyclists and those riding pillion and most of the accidents occurred because of fatigueand rushing to reach destination on time Conclusions: The increasing number of commutingaccidents is alarming. Therefore, proactive actions should be considered to promote safecommuting management. One of the example is by leveraging a 3’E’ approach; Engineering,Enforcement and Education into one framework to maximize key resources and will be carriedout by working together with relevant government agencies to reduce road accidents, createa safer road network and raise the profile of road safety in the community. Engineeringmeasures include the installation of traffic calming devices while enforcement will be carriedout through the police or the Road Transport Department to foster compliance with roadregulations. In addition, the education approach will cover public education campaign toimprove public education around road safety.



Indoor Air Quality Exposures in Urban Child Day-care Centres

Som MSS 1 , Yahya MAF1 , Ezani E1*

[email protected]

1 Department Environmental & Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UniversitiPutra Malaysia (UPM) 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Indoor air quality in childcare facilities is an emerging environmentalhealth challenge especially in the urban tropical environment. Children are at greater risk of exposureto particles, pathogens and allergens in indoor and outdoor settings due to their physiologicalcondition, height and daily activities. Our study aims to determine whether children might be exposedto high concentrations of bioaerosols and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), given indoor and outdoordifferences in day care child centres (DCC). Methods: Environmental Modified International Study ofAsthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was distributed to 80 parents to assessrespiratory symptoms among their children (age between 1 to 5 years old) attended the three DCCs(DCC1, DCC2 and DCC3) in urban residential areas in Selangor, Malaysia. PM 2.5 levels were observedusing portable personal real-time monitor and bioerosols samples were collected using Duo Sas Super360 using two types of media of trypticase soy agar (TSA) and malt extract agar (MEA) for bacterial andfungal counts respectively. Measurements were done in the morning and afternoon. The airtemperature (°C), relative humidity (RH) and air velocity (m/s) were also measured during the courseof sampling campaign. Results: Indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio showed that the source of bioaerosolscontaminant was originated from indoor daycare (I/O>1). Indoor total bacterial counts and levels ofPM2.5 were found lower at two of DCs that used air purifiers. The prevalence of respiratory symptomswas higher among respondents for rhinitis (76.3%), followed by dry cough (37.5%), wheeze (31.8%)and asthma (14.8%). Conclusion: Our preliminary observation suggests pollutants may infiltrate fromambient environment to indoor building and concentrate nearer to grounds levels by means of naturalventilation. The causal relationship or develop strategies to reduce the factors governing the indoor airquality exposure to children in day-care centres and deserved further investigation.



Figure 1: Bioaerosols and Fungal Concentrations observed at three daycare centres (DC1, DC2 and DC3) in Selangor MALAYSIA

Urbanization and the Impact Towards Children in Malaysia: An Early Overview

Norfaizadatul Akma Mohamad Maswan1 , Nurhani Hazirah Ahmad Hamidi1 , Nurul Atiqah

Amran2

[email protected]

1General Studies Department, Faculty of Social Science and Liberal Arts, UCSI University.2Department of English, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, University PutraMalaysia.

The urbanization and its impact on human security especially on children is an issue that isconsidered important in the world of international politics. The urbanization, especially inMalaysia will make some severe impact for children in this century. Malaysia is known as thedeveloping country and will increase more in terms on the urbanization in future. The topicwill have further analysis about the urbanization process by the capital city in PeninsularMalaysia that still growing the urbanization in Malaysia and will identify the impact of thisprocess towards children. This study discusses the impact of urbanization in the capital city inMalaysia especially in Peninsular Malaysia such as in Kuala Lumpur, Shah Alam, and JohorBharu in addressing the problem. Qualitative method was derived from secondary data suchas books, selected articles and official reports to answer the research questions. Thepreliminary findings show that this urbanization give severe impact towards the children interms of the education, health and the lifestyle. This urbanization also gives a huge impact onhuman security in the states involved. It requires a good and efficient managementmechanism and also the contribution of the society to handling the problem.



Organic Fire Retardant from Banana Pseudostem-sap as Applied to Interior Lumber

De Guzman J1 , Ganaban E2 , Umali J3 , Dela Rosa J4 , Duran S5 , Mendoza J6 , Rodriguez J7, Santos K8, Zulueta J9

[email protected]

Saint Louis University Laboratory Senior High School, C.M. Recto Street, Saint Joseph Village,Baguio City, 2600.

Fire is one of the world’s most occurring incidents in the world. Previous studies on the use offire retardants on wood focused more on testing chemical fire retardants rather than that ofalternatives made of organic materials. With this, there is a need for us today to findalternative organic fire retardant that can also be effective and environment-friendly. Sincebanana plants are abundantly available and accessible throughout the country andpseudostem is considered as a waste material, this study aimed to create an organic fireretardant from banana pseudostem sap to produce a cheap and affordable fire retardant forwood. Banana pseudostem sap of Lakatan (Musa acuminata) was extracted using a juicer, andpieces of lumber were soaked in different timeframes: 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours.Another set of lumber was coated with commercialized fire retardant to further compare theeffectiveness of the produced extract. Untreated lumber was not soaked to serve as thecontrol group. To determine the produced flame retardant’s effectiveness, the researcher’srecorded the time it took the lumber to burn. The results showed that the treated group wasfound to have a longer time for it to be completely burned compared to the untreated lumber.It was also found out that the commercialized fire retardant have chemical reactions while theburning occurs. To give a realistic approach on the research regarding risk reduction, aminiature house was made using the 48 hours timeframe and recorded the time it took forthe house to be burned. It was concluded that the number of hours the lumber were soakeddid not have a significant effect to the burning rate of lumbers. This research also inferred thatthe banana pseudostem sap can give temporary flame resistance to lumber.



Waste Management: Levels of Implementation and Satisfaction in SLU-LSHS

Vidal AP, Pascua MA, Andia J, Apostol YD, Benmaho C, Dariano KM, Guinatang JK, Kimakim RJ, Orenza RC, Rumias MS

[email protected]

Saint Louis University Laboratory High School Senior High, C.M. Recto St., St. Joseph Village,Baguio City 2600, Philippines.

Over the years, due to urbanization and the increase of population, the rapid wasteproduction is now considered as an epidemic. In 2016, the Cordillera Administrative Region ofthe Philippines has produced a total of 664.75 tons of waste per day. Baguio City, a highlyurbanized city, seriously contributes to the waste production. In line with this, the researcherssought to determine a waste management system that could be applied in other schools sincethere is a must to prevent the worsening of the current waste issues. The need to identify thelevels of implementation and satisfaction of the student body and the staff and therelationship of these two components was addressed to provide a basis for furtherimprovement of the school’s system on waste treatment and to reduce waste production. Thestudy is a mixed-method design which made use of triangulation comprised of survey througha questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The gathered data werethen subjected to statistical analysis through the use of Descriptive Statistics and PearsonCorrelation. Results showed that SLU-LSHS’s level of implementation is in full operation andthe institution is somewhat satisfied with the present waste management wherein theselevels have a very high correlation with each other. Therefore, the higher the level ofimplementation, the more satisfied an institution becomes. Hence, an EnvironmentalImplementation-Satisfaction model was developed by the researchers to further improve theimplementation which conforms to the satisfaction of the institution, and to be used to assistother schools in their waste management.



The Effectiveness of Hexagonal Steel Geogrid in Averting Soil Erosion in Baguio City

Adriano N1 , Alipe A2 , Boadilla J3, Manansala M4, Roca X5 , Roldan J6 , Bacamante M7 , Casilen M8, Daquigan A9 , Manalang A10

[email protected]

Saint Louis University-Laboratory Senior High School, C.M. Recto Street, Saint Joseph Village,2600 Baguio City, Philippines.

The Philippines is one of the most landslide-prone countries around the world. Specifically,the Province of Benguet located in the southernmost part of the Cordillera AdministrativeRegion, with a percentage of 90.3% possibility, ranked one in the survey by the ResilientPerspective in 2017, making it the country’s most landslide-prone area. In fact, the latestlandslide last September 2018 which happened at Itogon, Benguet, took 94 lives. In referenceto this problem, this research aimed to work on recommending a solution which is a geogrid.It is a geosynthetic material made from a polymeric material that is a very importantcomponent for construction to attain a certain engineering purpose. This study further aimedto determine the compressive strength of soil with and without a hexagonal steel geogrid.This experimental research used Atterberg Limit Test, Grain Size Analysis and Specific Gravityto determine the type of soil used in the study. To test the effectiveness of the hexagonal steelgeogrid, Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) was used to gather the data. The result of thetests showed that the compressive strength of soil with hexagonal steel geogrid is higher thanthe soil without hexagonal steel geogrid with 37.59kpa for the reinforced soil and 24.08kpafor the non-reinforced soil. The analysis and interpretation of the data were presented usingthe t-test. These results indicated that the hexagonal steel geogrid is an effective soilreinforcement for it shows that it is a significant component for the aversion of soil erosion.



Understanding Dermal Exposure to Pesticide Among Sprayers in Agriculture Subsectors in Malaysia

Nurulain MU1,2 , Sharifah Norkhadijah SI2 , Vivien H2 , Emilia ZA2

[email protected]

1Department of Environmental Health, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. 2Department ofEnvironmental and Occupational Health, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Occupational dermal exposure to pesticide can lead to numerousdiseases and adversely affect worker’s health and their capacity to perform work, which resultin significant economic loses including decreased productivity, medical expenses, and loss ofwork due to illness suffered. Methods: In this current study, application of semi-quantitativeDREAM intended to provide an understanding of pesticide dermal exposure among pesticidesprayers. Results: We found that class II (moderately hazardous) and class III (slightlyhazardous) pesticides were the most frequently used pesticides by the respondents. 40.6% ofrespondents (N=160) reported had skin itchiness, while other common skin problemsreported includes rapidly appearing itchy wheals and skin redness. Besides, respondentsdeclared that they had experienced the symptoms of pesticide poisoning, includingperspiration (38.1%), drowsiness, lethargy and fatigue (31.9%), cough (31.2%), headache(29.4%), eye itchiness (28.7%) and lacrimation (28.1%). Based on DREAM exposure categories,potential dermal exposure (PDE) to pesticide among sprayers in different agriculturesubsectors (i.e. paddy, vegetable, cocoa and oil palm) was ranging from low to high exposure.High PDE indicates high pesticide exposure on both clothing and uncovered skin of pesticidesprayers. Respondents exposed through three different routes; which were deposition (4 to35% of total exposure), emission (29 to 95% of total exposure) and transfer (10 to 83% of totalexposure). Conclusion: Regression model for predicting high potential dermal exposure foundthat pesticide deposition was the strongest predictor, as well as farmer‘s age, gloves usageand immediate clothes changing after pesticide spraying.


Medicine, Health & Wellbeing

Anti-amoebic activity of Benzimidazoles and Tetrazoles

Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo1, Ayaz Anwar1, Naveed Ahmed Khan2,1, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui2,1

1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University,Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Biology, Chemistry and EnvironmentalSciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United ArabEmirates, 26666 2.

[email protected]

Naegleria fowleri are free-living amoebae that cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis(PAM), a fatal infection of the central nervous system. Due to the high mortality rate coupledwith limited treatment options; there is an urgent need to develop novel treatment optionsagainst N. fowleri. In this study, novel compounds belonging to benzimidazole and tetrazoleclasses were synthesised and evaluated for their amoebicidal and amoebistatic propertiesagainst N. fowleri. Next, the compounds were conjugated with silver nanoparticles and theability of silver nanoparticle conjugation to enhance the amoebicidal and static activities ofthe compounds were assessed. Both benzimidazole and tetrazole compounds displayedamoebicidal and amoebistatic activity against N. fowleri. Both the cidal and static activitieswere increased following conjugation with silver nanoparticles. Moreover, the compoundsexhibited limited cytotoxicity against human cells. In conclusion, benzimidazole and tetrazolederivatives exhibit activity against N. fowleri which is enhanced through conjugation withsilver nanoparticles. Given the challenges in developing new drugs, it is hoped that usingnanotechnology to modify drugs will enhance their anti-amoebic effects; and is a worthwhileavenue that holds promise in improving the treatment of brain-eating amoebae infection dueto N. fowleri.



Testosterone Reduces Expression of αvβ3 integrin, Mucin-1 and E-cadherin in Early Pregnant Rats

Mohd Helmy Mokhtar1 , Nelli Giribabu2 , Naguib Salleh2

[email protected]

1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia MedicalCentre, Cheras, Malaysia. 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University ofMalaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Implantation is a highly regulated event that involves interactionsbetween the blastocyst and the receptive endometrium which occurs during a period knownas uterine receptivity. Disturbances in the expression of implantation related proteins duringthe uterine receptivity period may lead to embryo implantation failure. Testosterone has beenreported to disturb the prostaglandin system that is involved in peri-implantation uterinedevelopment. However, the effects of this hormone on the expression of implantation relatedprotein such as αvβ3 integrin, Mucin-1, and E-cadherin have yet to be elucidated. Thus, thisstudy aims to investigate the expression and distribution of implantation related proteinsfollowing testosterone treatment in early pregnant rats. Methods: Intact pregnant rats weretreated with two doses of testosterone, 250µg/kg/day (low dose) and 500µg/kg/day (highdose) for three days beginning on day 1 of pregnancy. The rats were sacrificed at day 4 foranalyses of changes in the expression and distribution of αvβ3 integrin, Mucin-1, and E-cadherin by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: In this study, theadministration of a high dose of testosterone during early pregnancy resulted in reducedexpression and distribution of αvβ3 integrin, Mucin-1, and E-cadherin. Conclusion: Reduced inexpression and distribution of αvβ3 integrin, Mucin-1 and E-cadherin during early pregnancyperiod could interfere with embryo implantation process, and thus may reduce the number ofimplanting embryos in conditions associated with the high level of testosterone.



Influence of Cinnamon Bark and Twig Extracts on the Antioxidant Property of Fermented Milk After in-vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion.

Tang PL1, Chen YT1, Qin JF2, Hou X2, Deng J2

[email protected]

1Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman UniversityCollege, Jalan Genting Kelang, 53300 Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Guangxi KeyLaboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Medica Material, Guangxi University of ChineseMedicine, 13 Wuhe Ave, Nanning, Guangxi, China.

Background and Objectives: Cinnamon has long been used as traditional remedy and spice inculinary. Like most of the herbal plants, cinnamon contains a broad spectrum of antioxidativesecondary metabolites. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of in-vitro digestionon the antioxidant activity of cinnamon bark (CB)- and twig (CT)-fermented milk. Methods:The CB and CT extracts were prepared by soaking 20%(w/v) of CB and CT in water at 130 o Cfor 1 and 2 hrs respectively. The compounds profile of CB and CT extracts was identified usingUPLC-MS/MS. Then, the total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), free radicals scavengingactivity (DPPH) and ferric reducing power (FRAP) of the extracts were determined. Prior toaddition, the CB (ECB) and CT (ECT) were encapsulated with maltodextrin (12DE). Then, theCB, ECB, CT and ECT extracts were added into the milk respectively, followed by fermentationwith commercial starter culture at 42 o C for 20 hrs. The produced fermented milks were thendigested. The changes of TPC, TFC, DPPH and FRAP of the fermented milks upon digestionwere determined. Results: CB extract possesses higher TPC, TFC, DPPH and FRAP than CTextract because it contains more diverse chemicals. The antioxidant activity of fermented milkwas improved significantly (p<0.05) with the addition of CB and CT extracts. The CB-fermented milk had higher TPC, TFC, DPPH and FRAP than CT-fermented milk. Encapsulationimproved the availability of TPC, TFC and FRAP of CB- and CT-fermented milk. However, theantioxidant activity of all fermented milks, except control was reduced drastically after in-vitrodigestion. Among the samples, CB-fermented milk exhibited the highest DPPH activity(28.57%) even after in-vitro digestion. Conclusion: Although the addition of CB and CTextracts improved the antioxidant activity of fermented milk, the antioxidant activity onlyretained in CB-fermented milk after digestion.


Food sustainability

Hew’s Chart of Healthy Bodyweights and Normal Body Mass Index Curve: A Good Guideline to Determine Overweight Status in Adults

Hew NF

[email protected]

Department of American Degree Program, Level 8, Wisma HELP, Jalan Dungun, BukitDamansara, 50490 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Overweight and obesity is currently the most globally widespread health problem that hasclose associations with many risk factors for non-communicable diseases or metabolicdisorders. Despite of various efforts and numerous plans implemented by governmentagencies, health professionals and institutions, industrial and commercial companies, thecombat against overweight and obesity is yet to succeed with satisfactory outcomes. Thecauses of overweight and obesity are generally attributed to a variation of obesogenicenvironments including the availability of high-caloric foods, unhealthy and sedentarylifestyles, and unrestricted eating habits. One major issue of concerns is the misinformationfrom many researches that have reached out to the public. It is understood that the over-estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) and physical activity level (PAL) have given rise to over-estimated total energy requirements (TER) which have been recommended by the healthprofessionals from all over the world. The escalating prevalence of overweight and obesity inMalaysians among all age groups are more severe than alarming. A non-fasting way calledTwo-step Down One-step Up (TDOU) scheme has been proven to reduce body weighteffectively. Another tricky issue that facing the general public is inadequate publicity to createawareness in relation to the obesity status. This research aims to improve an informal yetquick method which can be used by the public to determine overweight status for adults. Achart of height, weight and body mass index (BMI) has been designed to determine variouscategories of weight status regardless of the age, gender and body composition. A borderlineis established to signify the cut-off point between normal body weight and overweight of anindividual without referring to any complicating factors. With this awareness of overweightstatus and practising TDOU scheme, hopefully a new strategy could be adopted to counteractthe escalating overweight and obesity prevalence in the nation.



Homeobox B13 (HOXB13): a Novel Candidate Tumour Suppressor Gene in Bladder Cancer

Chin FW1, Hussin H2, Ong TA3, Abdul Razack AH3, Abdullah MSM4, Yunus R5, Chau DM1, Chan SC6, Veerakumarasivam A7

[email protected]

1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UniversitiPutra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Pathology, Faculty ofMedicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,Malaysia. 3Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan University,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4Department of Urology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang,50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 5Department of Pathology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, JalanPahang, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 6Perdana University School of Foundation Studies,Perdana University, Block D Level 1, MAEPS Building, MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana,43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 7Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science andTechnology, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Studies have shown that homeobox B13 (HOXB13) gene isdysregulated in many types of cancers. HOXB13 is a member of the homeobox gene familythat encodes transcription factors that are involved in the development and maintenance ofthe various organs. HOXB13 has been found overexpressed in liver, ovarian and pancreaticcancers, but repressed in colorectal, kidney and prostate cancers. These suggest that HOXB13may act as both an oncogene and tumour suppressor gene depending on the specific organsin which it is expressed. Since the role of HOXB13 in bladder carcinogenesis remains unclear,this study aimed at characterising HOXB13 protein and mRNA expression in bladder cancer.This study also aimed at establishing an in vitro HOXB13 knockdown model that may be usefor in depth functional characterisation of HOXB13 in bladder cancer. Methods:Immunohistochemical staining of HOXB13 protein was conducted in 102 formalin-fixedparaffin-embedded bladder cancer tissues. Chi-square test was used to determine theassociation between HOXB13 protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Inaddition, the HOXB13 mRNA expression in 16 human bladder cancer cell lines was profiledusing RT-qPCR. Subsequently, an in vitro HOXB13 knockdown model was established throughsiRNA transfection of the highest HOXB13-expressing cell line by using a combination ofHOXB13-targeting siRNAs. Results: HOXB13 protein was heterogeneously expressed in bladdercancer tissues with a predominantly nuclear localisation. Loss or reduced HOXB13 expressionwas significantly associated with muscle invasive bladder cancer, higher tumour stage, highertumour grade, and higher metastatic risk. The mRNA expression of HOXB13 was differentiallyexpressed across the different cell lines. The highest expression was observed in the 5637cells, which was subsequently selected for the development of the in vitro HOXB13knockdown model. The established model achieved a knockdown efficiency up to 47% at 48hours post-transfection. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that HOXB13 is a novelcandidate tumour suppressor gene in bladder cancer. The successful establishment of an invitro HOXB13 knockdown model warrants further phenotypic characterisation of HOXB13 inorder to elucidate the functional role(s) of HOXB13 in bladder cancer.



The Effect of Wi-Fi Exposure On the Testis and Sperm Quality of Growing Sprague Dawley Pups.

Farah Hanan Fathihah Jaffar1, Khairul Osman 2, Chua Kien Hui1, Aini Farzana Zulkefli1, Siti Fatimah Ibrahim1

[email protected]

1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia MedicalCentre, Cheras, 54200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Forensic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: In the era of Internet of Things, Wi-Fi has become a globalpreference. Its application is used at various ages, including children. Though children areknown to be more susceptible to Wi-Fi exposure, little has been done to characterize the Wi-Fi effect especially on their reproductive development. Hereby, this study was conducted toevaluate the effect of Wi-Fi exposure on the reproductive development of male children byusing an animal model. Methods: An exposure of 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi frequency from a Wi-Firouter was done on six 3 weeks old Sprague Dawley male pups. Another six pups that had notreceived Wi-Fi exposure was treated as Control group. Exposure was done 24 hours daily for14 consecutive weeks. Results: Findings showed that there was no significant difference onthe testicle’s coefficient between both groups. However, Wi-Fi exposed group showedstatistically significant decreased in the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules and theheight of the germinal epithelium of 10 random circular transverse sections. Spermatogenesisindex rated by using modified spermatogenic scale of 0 to 6 also revealed a significantreduction in Wi-Fi exposed group. For sperm parameters, Wi-Fi exposed group demonstratedsignificant decreased in sperm concentration and percentage of motile sperm with significantincrease of sperm DNA damage. No significant differences were recorded on sperm viabilityand morphology. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that Wi-Fiexposure towards the young is detrimental towards its reproductive development.



Antimicrobial Potential of Metabolites from Mangrove Actinobacteria against M. tuberculosis H37Ra, M. smegmatis and MRSA

Norshamiera Adanan1, Shuhaida Shuib1, Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah1

[email protected]

1School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang.

Aims: Majority of antibiotics derive from Actinobacteria, including the discovery of the first tuberculosiscure, Streptomycin from Streptomyces sp.. Harsh environments such as mangroves may harbour newActinobacteria with antimicrobial potential, as the constantly changing mangrove environment influencesbacterial metabolic pathway adaptations. Thus, this study aims to 1) evaluate the antimicrobial potential ofActinobacteria isolated from a Malaysian mangrove ecosystem against slow-growing Mycobacteriumtuberculosis (MTB) H37Ra and M. smegmatis, as well as fast-growing Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA); and 2) determine antimicrobial potential of the Actinobacteria post-laboratory isolation,culture, and storage at -20°C. Methodology and results: Sediment and water from crab holes, rhizosphereroots, undisturbed and disturbed areas were collected and pretreated using the dry heat at 100°C method.Actinobacteria isolated from sediment were cultured on selective starch casein agar supplemented with 80µlg/mL cycloheximide while water samples were cultured without pretreatment. 31 isolates weresuccessfully cultured, with most isolates from sediment samples (n=25) and majority from rhizosphereroots (n=12). The antimicrobial potential of the isolated mangrove Actinobacteria were primarily evaluatedusing the cross-streak method after an initial incubation period of 5 days followed by further incubationperiods of 2 days, 10 days, and 1 day for M. smegmatis, MTB H37Ra, and MRSA, respectively. The zone ofinhibition (ZI) was measured after incubation and compared to positive control (without Actinobacteriainoculation) and negative controls, commercial antibiotics Vancomycin (V30), Streptomycin (S10),Clindamycin (CD2) and Rifampicin (30) (Figure 1). In total, 17 isolates were active against at least one of thetest organisms. Among them, four isolates showed activity against only one test organisms, 12 isolatesshowed activity against two test organisms and only one isolate from a water sample of Site B (Rhizosphereroots), WB b, exhibited antimicrobial activity against all three test microorganisms and showed thestrongest inhibition effect against M. smegmatis (ZI≥25mm), MRSA (ZI=18.5mm), and MTB H37Ra(ZI=18mm) compared to standard antibiotics used as controls which showed ZI ≤ 25mm (not shown)respectively. After five months preservation period at -20°C, isolates that had previously shownantimicrobial potential were screened again with the same test organisms to evaluate if there were anydifferences in their antimicrobial activity. Only 2 out of 17 isolates (both pigment producing) maintainedand improved their antimicrobial activity and were selected for further species identification. BLASTsoftware revealed that both pigment producing mangrove Actinobacteria belong to the genusStreptomyces. Conclusion: Mangrove Actinobacteria may be a significant source of new antibiotics againsttuberculosis warranting further investigation.



Association of KCNJ11 (rs5219), IRS-1 (rs1801278), and IGF2BP2 (rs4402960) Gene Polymorphisms with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study in a Filipino Population

Pandac JK1,4 and Pineda-Cortel MR2,3

[email protected]

1The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. 2Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. 3Research Center for the Natural and AppliedSciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. 4Institute of Clinical LaboratorySciences, Silliman University, Dumaguete City.

Background and Objective: The insulin pathway is regulated by several genes that influencethe activity of pancreatic beta cells for insulin production and release. Among these genes arepotassium channel J member subfamily 11 (KCNJ11), insulin-receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), andinsulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2). However, genetic variations inthese genes had been associated, in certain populations, with hyperglycaemia and insulinresistance, which are the hallmarks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Hence, the mainaim of this study was to determine the association of gene polymorphisms of KCNJ11(rs5219), IRS-1 (rs1801278), and IGF2BP2 (rs4402960) with GDM among Filipino pregnantwomen. Methods: In this study, 220 participants were included, of which 110 had GDM andwere age-matched (±2) to 110 clinically healthy pregnant non-GDM controls. Blood sampleswere collected for the biochemical tests and genomic DNA extraction. Genotyping of thepolymorphisms was performed using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay and frequencies ofgenotypes and alleles were compared between the two groups. Results: Significantdifferences were observed in the biochemical tests such as fasting blood sugar, 1st-hour and2nd-hour OGTT, HbA1c, Insulin, and HOMA-IR between GDM and non-GDM participants(p=<0.001, p=<0.001, p=<0.001, p=002, p=0.021, p=<0.001, respectively). The genotypingresults revealed that the TT genotype of KCNJ11 (rs5219) and IGF2BP2 (rs4402960) werehigher in the GDM group than in in the non-GDM group and is significantly associated withGDM (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.08-3.12, p=0.041; OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.16-3.47, p=0.015,respectively). Conclusions: The homozygous T genotype of KCNJ11 (rs5219) and IGF2BP2(rs4402960) were significantly associated with a two-fold increase in the odds of having GDMand thus is an important independent genetic risk factor in GDM in the study population. Thisis the first study that determined the association of these polymorphisms with GDM amongFilipinos.



Seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among FELDA and Rural Population in Malaysia

Khoo HY1, Khor CS1, Lee HY1 , AbuBakar S1,2

[email protected]

1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirusrelated to dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses. It is known as a zoonotic disease – ananimal disease that can spread to humans especially those living and working in rural areas.Recent research has reported JEV causes encephalitis in human and animals, whichcontributed to nearly 68,000 clinical cases of JE globally each year, with approximately 13,600to 20,400 deaths. JE epidemic is observed in Malaysia except Sarawak, which is consideredendemic. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of JEV among people living inFELDA and rural regions in Malaysia. Methods: A total of 589 samples were collected from 3FELDA regions and 6 rural regions. All the serum specimens were screened for the JEVantibodies (IgG) by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Theproportion of anti-JEV antibody positivity (JEV IgG + ) calculated as the percentage of antibodyseropositivity to JEV antigens. A questionnaire survey was administered to study participantsand socio-demographic data were sought. Cross tabulations were generated betweenseroprevalence and socio-demographic factors, and the Chi-Square test was used to expressthe statistical significance of any associations using SPSS version 25. Results: Theseroprevalence of anti-JEV antibody (IgG) was 10.42% (60 of 576). The seroprevalence of age-group of 18-64 years (adult) obtained the highest value, giving a prevalence of 6.42% (37 of576). JEV infection varies with gender, and income, but the results were not statisticallysignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Education and screening of JEV-positive individuals for JEinfection may be important primary prevention strategies in this population.



Ergothioneine protects HT22 hippocampal cells against H2O2–induced neurotoxicity by enhancement of antioxidation, mitochondrial functions, and anti-apoptotic activities

Naufal Kushairi1,2, Chia Wei Phan1,3, Vikineswary Sabaratnam1,4, Murali Naidu1,2, Pamela David 1,2

[email protected]

1Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603,Malaysia. 3Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University ofMalaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. 4Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science,University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

.Background and Objectives: Ergothioneine (EGT) is a naturally occurring amino acid acquiredthrough the dietary intake of foods, mainly mushrooms. This potent antioxidant is a provencytoprotectant in various experimental models. However, its neuroprotective activities arescarcely available, especially in the hippocampal region associated with cognition. In thisstudy, the neuroprotective activity of EGT was investigated in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 mouse hippocampal neurons by focusing on antioxidation,mitochondrial functions, and anti-apoptotic activities. Methods: HT22 cells were co-incubatedwith EGT (0.25, 0.5 and 1mM) and hydrogen peroxide, H 2 O 2 (250 µM) for 24 h before thecell viability was measured. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrialmembrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nuclear apoptosis, as well asgene expression levels of antioxidant (Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1), mitochondrial (CYC1) andapoptotic-related (Bcl-2 and Bax) genes, were analyzed. Results: Our results showed that H2O2

drastically reduced the HT22 cells viability (p<0.0001) accompanied by a significant rise in ROS(p<0.01), reduction of MMP (p<0.01) and ATP (p>0.05) and increase in apoptotic nuclei(p<0.01). Co-incubation with 1 mM EGT significantly attenuated the H2O2 -induced toxicity(p<0.01), reduced the ROS (p<0.001), increased the MMP and ATP (p>0.05) and decreased theapoptotic nuclei (p<0.01). EGT significantly increased expression levels of Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1 antioxidant genes (p<0.001) as well as mitochondrial CYC1 gene (p < 0.0001) and the ratioof Bcl-2/Bax (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests the potential of EGT as aneuroprotective agent in hippocampal neurons in vitro via the involvement of antioxidation,mitochondrial functions, and anti-apoptotic activities.



Experimental Dopamine Addiction: The Utility of Female Rattus norvegicus Urine Based Aromatherapy for Treatment of Addiction in Male Rats

Bondad J, Mercado J, Pacer I, Quizon J, Viernes J, Albano M, Astudillo P, Sadueste F, & Tumbaga E

[email protected]

Saint Louis University Laboratory Senior Highschool

Background and Objectives: Drug addiction is a pressing problem in the Philippines and someparts of the globe. Studies revealed that drug addiction is attributed to drugs sending signalsto the brain which activate the limbic system to produce dopamine, a chemical that inducesthe feeling of pleasure, that leaves the user craving for more in the case of withdrawal of saiddrug in their system regardless of overdosage. This is where aromatherapy becomes relevantas there is enough evidence to prove its efficacy in the clinical field as studies have shown thatdifferent scents can activate parts of the limbic system and may prove to be a viable form ofrehabilitation to drug abusers. The objective of this study is to prove that aromatherapy is apossible avenue of therapy fordrug addiction. In conjunction, the common laboratory rat(Rattus norvegicus) exhibits the same level of dopamine production when exposed to thescent of urine of the opposite sex thus proving a viable specimen for experimentation.Methods: The researchers analyzed and compared the data via observational analysis of thebehaviour of the rats under an independent measures design and using a standardized post-addiction tabular form. Results: According to the analysis of data, the rat that has beentreated with an aromatherapeutic candle showed less withdrawal symptoms compared to thesecond rat that was not under the influence of aromatherapy. The rat that was exposed to thecandle showed complete remission of its withdrawal symptoms and reliance to the dopaminedrops. Conclusion: The rat that was treated with aromatherapy exhibited a positive reactionto the treatment thus prompting a causation in the rehabilitation of its addiction due to thearomatherapeutic candle therefore proving that aromatherapy is a viable form of therapy foraddiction in rats.



Functional Roles of Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SPHK1) in Regulating the Survival of Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Non-stem Breast Cancer Cells through STAT1 Suppression

Ling-Wei Hii1,2,4, Felicia Fei-Lei Chung3, Chun Wai Mai1,2, Zong Yang Yee1,4, Hong Hao Chan1,4,Vijay Joseph Raja5, Noah Elias Dephoure5, Wei Meng Lim1,2, Nigel J. Pyne6, Susan Pyne6, Chee- Onn

Leong1,2

[email protected]

1Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 KualaLumpur, Malaysia. 2School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. 3Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA), Epigenetics Group (EGE) International Agency forResearch on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France. 4School of Postgraduate Studies,International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 5Department of Biochemistry,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021. 6Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and BiomedicalSciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Background and Objectives: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells withenhanced capabilities of self-renewal, differentiation and tumour initiation, and confer resistance toconventional cancer treatment. Therefore, it is important to explore therapeutic targets which can beused to effectively eradicate CSCs and non-CSCs, in order to achieve complete cancer regression. Inthis study, we investigated the functional roles of SPHK1 in breast CSCs and non-CSCs. Methods: Weused 3D mammosphere culture and RNA- interference (RNAi) approach to study the functional roles ofSPHK1 in breast CSCs and non- CSCs. The mechanism of SPHK1-mediated cell survival in breast CSCsand non-CSCs was further delineated using shotgun proteomic analysis and validated through gene-reconstitution strategy. We also investigated the combinatory effects of SPHK1 inhibitors andchemotherapy in breast CSCs and non-CSCs. Results: We demonstrated that RNAi-mediatedknockdown of SPHK inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in both breast CSCs and non-CSCs,while ectopic expression of SPHK1 promotes the survival and mammosphere forming efficiency ofbreast CSCs. Our subsequent analyses suggested STAT1 and IFN signalling as key targets of SPHK1, andwe identified the important mechanism by which SPHK1 is able to enhance cancer cell survival throughSTAT1 suppression. Furthermore, we showed that SPHK1 inhibitors FTY720 and PF543 synergized withdoxorubicin in targeting both breast CSCs and non-CSCs. Conclusion: In conclusion, we identifiedSPHK1 as a key regulator of cell survival and proliferation in breast CSC and non-CSCs, which can be anattractive therapeutic target for the design of future cancer treatment.



Figure 1: Functional roles of SPHK1 in breast CSCs and non-CSCs

Combination of BCL-XL and MCL-1 selective inhibitors synergistically inhibit Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma cell proliferation

Siti Fairus Abdul Rahman¹, Kalaivani Muniandy2, Azali Azlan1, Mohd Ghows Mohd Azzam1 and Nethia Mohana-Kumaran1

[email protected]

1School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. 2Institute forResearch in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive and is a deadly form of cancer. Despitepatients initially responding well to chemo- and radiotherapy, many patients developresistance to these treatments. Hence, novel and improved treatment strategies are neededfor NPC. The BCL-2 family proteins are critical regulators of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.These proteins are up-regulated in many cancers including NPC, hence they have becomeattractive therapeutic targets. Given that different cell population rely on different anti-apoptotic proteins for survival, it is crucial to determine which proteins are important for NPCsurvival. A human apoptosis RT 2 Profiler PCR Array was first employed to profile the anti-apoptotic gene expressions in both the NPC cell lines. The HK-1 cells expressed all the anti-apoptotic genes (MCL-1, BFL-1, BCL-2, BCL-XL, and BCL-w). On the other hand, C666-1expressed all except for BFL-1 (undetectable level). Given that there are no specific BFL-1inhibitors, the role of BFL-1 in NPC cell survival was determined by deleting the gene using theCRISPR/Cas9 technique. The BFL-1 single guide RNAs were cloned into the PX459 plasmid(pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro) and transfected into the NPC cells to establish BFL-1 knock-out cells.Parallel to this experiment, NPC cell lines were tested with BH3 mimetics ABT-199, A-1331852and S63845 which inhibit BCL-2, BCL-XL and MCL-1, respectively, alone and in combination, inboth 2D and 3D cell culture models. The cells were resistant to single agent treatment ofthese drugs implying that the cells do not solely rely on BCL-2, BCL-XL or MCL-1 for survival.However, combination of BH3 mimetics targeting MCL-1 and BCL-XL and MCL-1 and BCL-2demonstrated synergistic cell proliferation inhibition. Our findings show that the anti-apoptotic proteins mediate the survival of the NPC cells in a collaborative manner and bothcombinations could be potential treatment strategies for NPC.



The synthesis of hydroxyapatite using sonochemical method from clamshell waste as calcium precursor.

Ma’amor A1, Masseri NS1, Yusof NSM1,Abdullah FZ2, Kutty MG3

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.2Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT) 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Universityof Malaya, Malaysia. 3Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, UniversityMalaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioactive material that has structuraland chemical analogy to teeth and bone. HAp has been used as bone tissue regeneration andother biomedical purposes, but the applications are limited as it is difficult to acquire nano-sized HAp based from the existing method since the material develops agglomeration duringHAp synthesis. This research project is aimed to optimize ultrasonication method insynthesising HAp from clam shell waste, with the hypothesis that this method can influenceseeding, direct the crystal growth to reduce agglomeration of the compound structure. Theultrasonication is an excellent method in dispersing precursor compositions and reducing theHAp structure to nanoparticle size. Methods: The clamshells waste is mechanically cleaned,dried and crushed prior to the mixture of Ca2+ and PO3

4- ion precursors at molar ratio ofCa/P=1.67. The mixture is sonicated at different ultrasonic irradiation. Results: The XRDanalysis showed Hap impurity reduced at higher calcination temperature. The particle sizeanalyser demonstrated the particle size ranging from 500 nm depending to the ultrasonicirradiation. Conclusion: The purities of HAp can be increased at higher calcinationtemperature. The particle size was also depended to the ultrasonic irradiation usedduring HAp synthesis.



Identifying Gaps in the Department of Health (DOH) Philippines Supply Chain Logistics Management (SCLM)

Gagalac TM1, 2, 3 , Padilla MJ1, 2, 3 , Pelayo MG1, 2, 3, Wangiwang K1, 2, 3

[email protected]

1Republic of the Philippines Department of Health, Health Policy Development and PlanningBureau, City of Manila, Philippines, 1003. 2Republic of the Philippines Department of Scienceand Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Taguig, Philippines1631. 3University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines 1101.

Background and Objectives: As part of the governance pillar of the FOURmula One Plus forHealth agenda, the Department of Health Philippines aims to strengthen its supply chainmanagement in order to deliver the six (6) Rights of Logistics in which “the right goods, in theright quantities, in the right condition, are delivered to the right place, at the right time, forthe right cost.” However, challenges exist in sustaining these six rights in the current supplychain system of DOH. Hence, this study seeks to identify existing bottlenecks in DOH supplychain processes in order to identify opportunities for reform. Methods: Desk reviews,secondary data review, key informant interviews and focus group discussions among keysupply chain actors at the DOH- Central Office (CO), Centers for Health Development (CHD),selected Provincial Health Office (PHO) and Rural Health Units (RHU) were used to determinegaps in DOH-SCLM. Results: Perennial challenges identified in the assessments areoverlapping decision-making process, absence of established standard operating procedures,vague communication channels, the use of a blind push system, and gaps in third-partylogistics (3PL) deliveries. Conclusion: Overall, these identified bottlenecks contributed toinefficient planning, distribution, and utilization of health-related resources. Theseinefficiencies in the distribution system cause the unavailability of health commodities at theservice delivery points (SDPs). Thus, reforms focusing on the most pressing concerns such asefficient stock replenishment and improved decision-making mechanisms may significantlyimprove the supply chain processes of the department.



Identification of Tumor Cell-Intrinsic Immune Modulators in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Gan LL1, Leong CO2,3, Wong SF4, Mai CW2,3

[email protected]

1School of Postgraduate Study, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 KualaLumpur, Malaysia. 2Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research,Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 KualaLumpur, Malaysia. 3School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil,57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Pancreatic cancer is a deadly condition with dismal survivaloutcomes, attributable to late diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Immunotherapy isemerging as a promising treatment option for various cancers, including pancreatic cancer.The abundance of established cancer and genetic databases at the public domain is anexcellent resource for identification of potent therapeutic targets. We aim to identifycandidate genes and proteins from these databases, followed by cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)assay validation. The discovery of these immune modulators is anticipated to aid in thedevelopment of effective immunotherapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer. Methods: Weretrieved datasets from 2 publicly available projects (TCGA-PAAD and PACA-AU project)containing pancreatic cancer donors’ outcome and gene expression data. Kaplan-Meieranalyses were done to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS)according to CTL activity. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with a cut- offfold change (FC) >2 OR <0.5 and p-value of <0.05. Next, we utilised STRING databasefor functional and enrichment analysis to identify target pathways. CTL-assays will follow tovalidate the immune modulating function of identified targets. Results: High tumor cell killingactivity confers a favourable OS and PFS in both cohorts. Four genes (TWIST1, HDAC5, MMP3and IL6R) were identified to involve in modulating CTL activity. Enrichment analysis showedthat TWIST-IL6, HDAC and EOMES signalling pathways were associated with low CTL activity.Conclusion: High CTL activity is a determinant of favourable survival and disease progressionoutcome for pancreatic cancer patients. Bioinformatic analysis revealed TWIST1, HDAC5,MMP3 and IL6R genes as potential immune modulators regulating CTL activity in pancreaticcancer. Besides providing evidence to the practicality of cancer databases, findings of theensuing CTL-assay will pave the way for development of pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.



Bioprospecting of Potential Antibiotic Producing Marine Sediments-Derived Actinobacteria from Romblon Islands, Philippines

Melissa June Paderog1,3, Angelica Faith Suarez2, Edna Sabido2, Jonel Saludes2, and Doralyn Dalisay3

[email protected]/ [email protected]/ [email protected]

1Department of Pharmacy, College of Health and Allied Medical Professions. 2Center forNatural Drug Discovery and Development. 3Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology,University of San Agustin, Gen. Luna Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000.

Background and Objectives: One of the leading health issues that we face now a daysaffecting not just developing countries, like the Philippines, but also that of the first worldcountries is antimicrobial resistance. This health problem continuous to compromise theefficacy of conventional antibiotics, thus, discovery of new or improved antibacterial option isimperative. For the past decades, marine derived Actinobacteria gained recognition aslikewise prolific producers of bioactive compounds that were uniquely different from theirterrestrial counterparts. Thus, in this present study, we investigated the potential of marinesediments-derived Actinobacteria of Romblon Islands, Philippines as potential source of newantibiotics. Methods: Culture-dependent isolation of marine sediments-derivedActinobacteria was performed and they were morphologically characterized throughmycelium production (aerial and substratum mycelium). The secondary metabolites of theisolates were extracted using ethyl acetate and the crude extracts undergone antibacterialactivity screening against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA-44 (MDRSA)and normal strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, andPseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Mechanism of action assay targeting cell membranepermeability was then investigated through propidium iodide uptake assay. Results: Thirty-five(35) marine sediments-derived Actinobacteria isolates were recovered and identified tobelong in genus Streptomyces. Antibacterial activity screening reveal that 4 isolates wereactive against MDRSA, 3 isolates against E. coli, 2 isolates against E. aerogenes, and 2 isolatesagainst P. aeruginosa by exhibiting more than 90 % growth inhibition and have MIC90 valuesranging from 2.44 µg/mL – 2.5 mg/mL. Moreover, mechanism of action assay results suggestthat the active isolates against MDRSA and E.coli targets the cell membrane of the pathogensby altering cell membrane permeability. Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidencethat marine sediments-derived Actinobacteria from Romblon Islands, Philippines exhibitsantibacterial activity against common pathogens and could be a potential avenue forbioprospecting new antibacterial compounds.



Socio-demographic distributions of patients diagnosed with Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) in the northern region states of Peninsular Malaysia (A Preliminary Study)

Lengishwarra Satiyasilan¹, Gregory Domnic1, Siti Fairus Abdul Rahman1,Muhammad Yusri Musa2 and Nethia Mohana-Kumaran1

[email protected]

1School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. 2Oncology &Radiological Sciences, Advanced Dental and Medical Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia,Penang, Malaysia.

Incidences of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has remained high in Southeast Asia andMalaysia records one of the highest national incidences of NPC in Southeast Asia. Despite thehigh incidences of NPC in Malaysia, there is a paucity of information on socio-demographicsdistributions and treatment data. Here were report our preliminary analyses of socio-demographic distributions of patients diagnosed with NPC who either walked-in or referredfor treatment at the Advance Dental Medical Institute (AMDI), USM, Penang from 2004-2018.AMDI does not only receive patients from Penang but also from other northern region statesof peninsular Malaysia (e.g. Kedah, Perak and Perlis), thus covering a large patient catchmentarea. Retrospective data were collected from patient medical records and were cross-checkedagainst the CARE 2X Integrated Hospital Info System. Data were entered into Microsoft Exceland analysed using the IMB SPSS® software. Preliminary analyses of patient socio-demographics demonstrated that NPC was predominantly diagnosed in males compared tofemales. Patients of Malay ethnicity recorded the highest number of cases followed byChinese but the number of NPC cases among Indians were significantly low. Majority ofpatients diagnosed with NPC were below 60 years of age. Neck lump was the most prevalentfirst presenting symptom in patients and most of them were diagnosed with non-keratinizingsquamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC). A high number of patients were diagnosed at late stages(stage III and IV). The commonest treatment strategy was concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT). Given the data obtained is preliminary, an increase in patient numbers would throwlight on the treatment survival outcome of patients. Moreover, with high sample number,significant associations between socio-demographic distributions may be established as thisinformation would be important public health information.



Functional Recovery of Distal Radius Fracture (DRF): A Scoping Review

Mohd Azam Abdul Halim1,2, Ahmad Zamir Che Daud1,2

mdazamah.moh.gov.my

1Centre of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM)Selangor, Campus Puncak Alam, 42300 Selangor, Malaysia. 2Rehabilitation MedicineDepartment, Occupational Therapy Unit, Hospital Shah Alam, 40000 Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Distal Radius Fracture (DRF) is the most common condition ofthe upper limb that has a significant impact on independence of individuals. The optimumtime frame for functional recovery following DRF still insufficient evidence and questioningamong clinician to guide clinical practice. The aims of this scoping review is 1) to review andsynthesise research literature and identify any existing gaps in knowledge related to functionalrecovery following DRF and 2) to identify key characteristics or factors related to a concept ofrecovery of functions following DRF. Methods: This scoping review was guided bymethodological steps of PRISMA-Scoping review. The following database was used to discoverthe published articles namely; PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochranelibrary and Scopus. The findings were summarised into themes with guided by ICF. The reviewarticles will critically appraisal using Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT) to ensure the qualityof each study. Results: A total of n=21 articles includes in the review were included: n=20 withquantitative design and n=1 with qualitative design. The recovery of body functions andstructures takes between three to nine months especially Range of Motion (ROM), gripstrength and dexterity. However, the predictor recovery of pain after DRF takes a year. Therecovery of Activity Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental ADL takes about three months to ayear’s however limited study in this areas. Conclusion: Rehabilitation process following DRFrequired more aspects to recover especially in activity and participation of daily living.Functional ability of individuals with DRF was still presenting impaired although the injury hasoccurred after six months of injury. The knowledge gaps have been recognised for futurestudy to determine the pattern of functional recovery of DRF following a year of handrehabilitation using combination of occupation-based and impairment-based assessment.



Effectiveness of Cognitive Training in Improving Age-related Memory Declines in Elderlies: A Systematic Review.

Vafa S1 , Schaefer A2 , Yong MH1

[email protected]

1Department of Psychology, Sunway School of Science and Technology, Sunway University,Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia. 2Deparment of Psychology, Schoolof Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway,47500 Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Cognitive training has been discerned as one of the promisingapproaches for altering age-related memory declines in healthy seniors. However, thevariability of the training duration and approaches introduces some degree of inconsistency inthe results. Methods: In this study, we reviewed previous research based on the followingcriteria: 1) healthy older adults’ population; 2) a minimum of 10 training sessions; 3) studiesthat conducted over the last ten years. A total number of 3198 studies have been selectedthrough three databases and the final sample included 18 papers reported memory-relatedchanges. Results: Results indicated a Cohen’s d range from 0.12 to 3.9 for the overall traininggains for participants’ memory declines. Regarding the transfer effect, findings can be dividedinto two groups. While the first group depicted the transfer effect of cognitive training tomemory function (d= 0.56 to d= 3.06), the second group demonstrated transfer effectstemmed from a memory training to other cognitive domains (d= 0.23 to d= 1.15). A fewstudies also reported a persistency level of memory gains over time with the effect sizesranged from small (d= 0.22) to medium (d= 0.62). Conclusion: Although the findingsdelineated an improvement in older adults’ memory functions as a result of cognitive training,there are some gaps that are yet to be examined. Initially, the extent to which memory gainsmay generalize beyond the lab-based conditions and to the daily life context is still unclear.Moreover, a comparison between the two main modules of cognitive training targetingmemory functions including strategy-based and process-based is required to determine whichof these two lead to stronger training effects. Furthermore, the effect of training duration onstability and transferability of training effects has not been precisely investigated.Consequently, more studies are needed to address these gaps.



Biocompatible Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles as Potential Cost-effective Photothermal Therapy Agents for Skin Cancers: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicity and

Photothermal Heating Studies

Lim TH1, Yoong WC1, Loke CF1, Juan JC2, Khatijah BMY3, Norhafizah M4, Tatsuma T5

[email protected]

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.2Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. 3Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400,Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 4Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 5Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.

With the soaring incidence rate of cancers and cost of treatments, there is a pressing need to developan efficient therapy with reduced treatment cost and minimized long-term side effects. For thisreason, photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancers is emerging as a promising alternative to conventionalchemotherapies because it is minimally invasive. PTT works by killing cancer cells throughhyperthermia with localized heat produced from the absorption of tissue-transparent near-Infrared(NIR) light by an agent. Despite a long list of agents reported, challenges remain to find an agent withfive critical attributes: biocompatibility, biodegradability, cost-effectiveness, cancer-selectivity and thecapability to work with NIR (960-1064 nm) to allow lesser tissue damage. In this work, core-shell andnon-stoichiometric silver sulfide (Ag 1-x S) nanoparticles of targeted size of 50-60 nm (“Ag 1-x Sagents”) were successful synthesized using cost-effective and non-toxic precursors in water within 1-hour. The Ag 1-x S agents were characterized using Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Field EmissionScanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM),Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) mapping and zeta-potential analysis. The cytotoxicity ofAg 1-x S agents toward A431 skin cancer cells and the effect of 980 nm NIR laser on the A431 cellsincubated with Ag 1-x S-agents were evaluated using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Under theillumination of 980 nm NIR laser at 2.5 W/cm², a significant localised light-to-heat conversion wasobserved in the Ag 1-x S-agents-loaded-solutions. The best conditions found led to a respectabletemperature increase of 25 o C within 5 minutes at an agent concentration as low as 370 g/ml (Figure1). This would translate to an effective localised hyperthermia of cancer cells with cells’ temperaturereaching ~62 o C after 5-minutes of induced hyperthermia. Evaluation of the Ag 1-x S-agents againstthe five critical attributes of PTT agents would be discussed.



Figure 1. FESEM image and phothermal effect of Ag1-xS-agent.

Analysis of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 Polymorphisms Among Filipino Patients on Celecoxib Therapy

Reyes KG1, Ustare LAT2, Lasac MAG2, Brodit, SE Jr.2, Baclig MO1

[email protected]

1Research and Biotechnology, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines. 2Departmentof Anesthesiology, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines.

Background and Objectives: Cytochrome P450 C9 (CYP2C9) from the superfamily of heme-containing enzymes has been involved in metabolism of clinically significant drugs includingcelecoxib, a pain medication. CYP2C9 is encoded by polymorphic CYP2C9 gene; thispolymorphism is responsible for inter-individual differences in drug responses. Two CYP2C9gene variants have single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with decreased CYP2C9activity on celecoxib metabolism; these are CYP2C9*2 (Arginine144Cysteine) and CYP2C9*3(Isoleucine359Leucine). The goals of this study were to determine the presence of CYP2C9*2and CYP2C9*3 variants among Filipino patients under celecoxib treatment using 5’ nucleaseassay platform; and to evaluate the phenotype of patients as extensive, intermediate, or poormetabolizer of celecoxib based on CYP2C9 genotypes. Methods: Ninety-nine surgical patientsparticipated in the study. Buffy coat DNAs were isolated from their blood samples and testedfor CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 polymorphisms via TaqMan Drug Metabolizing Enzymegenotyping which utilized 5’nuclease assay technology. Results: Analysis by allelicdiscrimination revealed 98% (97/99) participants were homozygous to CYP2C9*1 (wild-type)allele and predicted to extensively metabolize celecoxib. Whereas, 2% (2/99) acquiredheterozygous CYP2C9*3 genotype and were categorized as intermediate metabolizer.Meanwhile, CYP2C9*2 polymorphism was not detected in this study. Using Fisher’s exact test(GraphPad Prism 8), it was determined that there was no significant difference in the allelefrequency of Filipinos from the present study over other Asian populations. Interestingly, Indiawas an exemption and together with Caucasians had P-values of <.001 indicating significantdifference in frequencies compared to Filipinos. Conclusion: 5’nuclease assay platform hasbeen efficient in the identification of CYP2C9 genotypes. The genotype profile predicted thepatient’s ability to metabolize celecoxib, most were extensive metabolizers while few wereintermediate metabolizers. Knowledge on inter-individual CYP2C9 gene variations couldsuggest personalized medication which not only improve treatment outcomes but alsoprevent occurrence of adverse drug reactions.



Expression of Ki-67, Cornulin and ISG15 in Non-involved Mucosal Surgical Margins asPredictive Markers for Relapse in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC)

Lew HL1, Kallarakkal TG1

[email protected]

1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University ofMalaya, Kuala Lumpur.

Background and Objectives: Relapse of OSCC in histologically non-involved surgical marginsindicates possible presence of field alteration in the surgical margins. Identification of specificbiomarkers that could predict relapse of OSCC would help the clinicians in treatment planningfor patients. The objectives were to evaluate the expression of Ki-67, Cornulin and ISG15 inthe non-involved surgical margins and its association with clinicopathological prognosticatorsand relapse of OSCC. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining was performed in the surgicalmargins from study (relapse) group (n = 23), control (non-relapse) group (n = 32) and normaloral mucosa (n = 5) using Ki-67, Cornulin and ISG15 antibodies. Association betweenexpression of markers with clinicopathological prognosticators and relapse in OSCC wasanalysed statistically. Results: The study group demonstrated increased Ki-67 expression andsignificantly decreased expression of Cornulin (p = 0.032). Decreased expression of Cornulinwas also significantly associated with relapse of OSCC (p = 0.004) and non-tongue primarytumour (p = 0.013). Surgical margins exhibiting increased expression of Ki-67 weresignificantly reduced in female patients (p = 0.041). Clinicopathological prognosticators suchas age above 57.5 years (p < 0.001), Chinese ethnicity (p = 0.009), Indian ethnicity (p =0.007), alcohol consumption (p = 0.025), epithelial dysplasia in surgical margins (p = 0.045)and type III and IV pattern of invasion of tumour (p = 0.007) were significantly associated withrelapse of OSCC. Binary logistic regression analysis showed decreased expression of Cornulin(p = 0.018) and increased patient’s age (p = 0.008) were predictors of relapse in OSCC, with34-fold risk and 18-fold risk, respectively. Conclusion: Decreased Cornulin expression wasassociated with relapse of OSCC in non-involved surgical margins. Cornulin and age of patientwere suggested as predictors of relapse in OSCC.



Biofilm Disrupting Activity of Indigenous Lactobacillus 29A against Selected Candida Species.

Boahen A, Neela V, Than LTL

[email protected]

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and HealthSciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and objectives: Many studies have been conducted to investigate theantagonistic effect of cell free supernatant of Lactobacillus strains against Candida species. Inaddition, the disruption mechanism have been reported to be attributed to variouscomponents found in the cell free supernatant (CFS), such as hydrogen peroxide, antimicrobialproteins/ bacteriocins, metabolites and organic acids. This observation essentially suggestthat anti-biofilm mechanism of Lactobacillus are strain-dependent. In this study, we aimed toinvestigate the anti-biofilm mechanisms of CFS produced by indigenously isolatedLactobacillus 29A against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Methods: Firstly, the biofilmdisruption activity of CFS produced by Lactobacillus 29A against Candida species wasdetermined by sodium 3′-[1-[(phenylamino)-carbony]-3, 4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro)benzene-sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) assay. Subsequently, CFS was modified with pHadjustment, heat-, catalase-, and proteinase K-treatments to identify the mechanismsresponsible for the biofilm disrupting activity. Results: The CFS produced by Lactobacillus 29Astrongly inhibited biofilms of reference and clinical strains of C. albicans and C. glabrata,respectively. We also demonstrated that pH of the CFS plays a crucial role in the disruption ofCandida biofilms, as neutralization of the CFS pH diminished the biofilm disruption activitysignificantly. In contrast, heat-, catalase- and proteinase K-treatments had no significant effecton the potency of the CFS of Lactobacillus 29A, signifying bacteriocin and hydrogen peroxideare not involved in the anti-biofilm disruption activity observed. Conclusions: In short, weshowed that the mechanism of biofilm disruption of CFS produced by Lactobacillus 29A ismainly contributed by the presence of organic acids. This study suggested that CFS ofLactobacillus 29A can potentially be employed as an inhibitor for biofilms of pathogenicCandida species.



Anti-bacterial activity of plants extracts against some clinical isolates of Bacteria

Zigau ZA1 and Aliyu BS2

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bauchi State University, Gadau, BauchiState, Nigeria. 2Department of plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bayero University Kano,Kano State, Nigeria

Background and Objectives: Detarium microcarpum, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Carissa edulisplants are traditionally used for their medicinal value in tropical and subtropical regions inWest and North Africa. We aimed to determine the phytochemical ingredients and theefficacy of aqueous and chloroform extracts of these plants intreating bacterial isolates that isknown to cause opportunistic skin infections. Methods: The aqueous and chloroform extractsof Detarium microcarpum, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Carissa edulis were prepared bypercolation method. Extracts were evaluated for anti-bacterial activities against Streptococcusaureus and Streptococcus pyogenes bacterial strains using disc diffusion method, and thestandard antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin) at 250mg/ml was used as positive control. Results:Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, steroids,terpenes, tannins and glycosides. In-vitro anti-bacterial activity of the Detarium microcarpum,Anogeissus leiocarpus and Carissa edulis extracts was ranging from 9.00-14.00mm and 18.00-35.00mm for the standard antibiotic discs. The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) value of the extracts was 2.5-20mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) was 5-10mg/ml. The stems extract of these plants were found to have bioactivepotentiality on Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Conclusion: Our findingssuggest that these plants could be used as herbal medicine for the treatment of any skininfections cause by Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes strains of bacteria.



Surface Modification of Bacterial Polymer Nano-P(3HB-co-4HB) as Potential Cardiac Patch

Vigneswari S1, Chai Jun Meng1, Amirul AA2

[email protected]

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 KualaNerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. 2School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800Minden, Penang, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Poly(3Hydroxybutyrate-co-4Hydroxybutyrate) copolymer, is abacterial polymer has gained much attention due to their biodegradability, biocompatibilityand non-cytotoxicity. However, the high hydrophobicity P(3HB-co4HB) have restricted furtherexpansion and are not favoured in many advanced biomedical applications. Therefore, theutilization of these bacterial plastic as direct substitutes for synthetic plastics pose asignificant challenge Thus, in order to circumvent these drawbacks P(3HB-co-4HB) need to betailored to improve the surface features in order to achieve better cell-scaffold interactionsand to enhance the cell proliferation. Methods: In this study, the surface feature of P(3HB-co-4HB) scaffold was improved by fabricating this polymer into nano-fibers via electrospinning.The nanofibers fabricated mimics the extracellular matrix and later these scaffolds werecovalently bond with RGD peptides. RGD peptides are tri-amino acid sequence which iscapable to further increase the cell adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix interactions forefficient biomaterial applications. Aminolysis was carried out by covalently bonding the aminogroups onto the electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. The immobilization of RGD peptides ontothe surface of the P(3HB-co-4HB) nanofibrous scaffold was characterized using Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and organic elemental analyser (CHN analysis). Results:The results proved that RGD peptides were successfully immobilized on nano-P(3HB-co-4HB)matrix. The biocompatibility of electrospun nano-P(3HB-co-4HB)-RGD scaffolds wereevaluated using cardiac myoblast cells, H9c2 cells. The nano-P(3HB-co-4HB)-RGD scaffoldsenhanced the proliferation of the H9c2 cells. Conclusion: Thus, nano-P(3HB-co-4HB)-RGDscaffolds can be a promising material as potential cardiac patch.



Comparing blood oxidative stress levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Shamar Lo Lasta1,2 , Nawirah Gaus3, and Maria Ruth Pineda-Cortel2,3,4

[email protected]

1The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines. 2Institute ofClinical Laboratory Sciences, Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Philippines. 3ResearchCenter for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Sampaloc, Manila,Philippines. 4Department of Medical Technology, University of Santo Tomas, Sampaloc,Manila, Philippines.

Background and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an idiopathic disorderaffecting 18 million pregnant women annually with cases still on the rise. Despite therecognized associated complications of GDM, its pathophysiological mechanism remainsunclear. Findings have suggested that oxidative stress (OS) are significantly increased in GDM,which may have considerable clinical implications in the pathophysiology of GDM. This studyaims to evaluate the maternal blood oxidative stress in GDM and non-GDM pregnant women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving pregnant women on their 2nd or3rd trimester of gestation (n=60; 30 with GDM, 30 non-GDM). Plasma protein carbonyl (PC)was measured using DNPH assay to assess protein oxidative damage. Plasma 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was assayed though ELISA to determine DNA oxidative damage,and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was evaluated using a colorimetric assay to determine theantioxidative defense. Results: Higher plasma protein carbonyl was observed in the GDMgroup indicating a higher protein oxidative damage than the non-GDM group (p=.0059). 8-OHdG and TAC levels did not differ significantly among the two groups (p=>0.05).Conclusion: These findings may suggest that oxidation status is increased in GDM, especiallyprotein oxidation, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of GDM.



The Modulation of TRAIL Expression in TGFβ1-mediated Bronchial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Raja ZF1 , Hasan NAH1, Harith HH1, Israf DA1, Tham CL1

[email protected]

1Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti PutraMalaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and asthma arechronic inflammatory airway diseases that involve airway remodelling. An importantpathophysiological feature of airway remodelling is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)which affects bronchial epithelial cells. Recent studies suggest that a protein called tumournecrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is highly expressed in COPD andasthmatic patients, but whether TRAIL plays a role in EMT-mediated airway remodellingremains unknown. Using a cellular model of TGFβ1-induced bronchial EMT, this study soughtto examine the regulation of endogenous TRAIL expression and to determine TRAIL expressionis correlated with the expression of EMT markers. Methods: Normal Human BronchialEpithelial (NHBE) cells were incubated with TGFβ1 in the presence or absence of TGF-β1inhibitor; SB431542, for 48h. Whole protein extracts were obtained to examine the expressionof endogenous TRAIL and EMT markers using Western Blotting. Results: EMT induction byTGF-β1 was characterized by the expected decrease in the epithelial marker E-cadherin and anincrease in the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin expression. These changes were associatedwith reduced TRAIL expression. Furthermore, alteration in the expression of selected EMTmarkers and TRAIL was attenuated in the presence of TGF-β1 inhibitor. Conclusion: Ourfindings demonstrate a link between TRAIL and bronchial EMT and suggests a potential rolefor TRAIL in regulating EMT-mediated airway remodelling. This warrants further investigationon the roles of TRAIL in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases associated with airwayremodelling.



Antiviral Activity of Silymarin in comparison with Baicalein against Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71)

Lalani S1 , Anasir MI1 and Poh CL1

[email protected]

1Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya,Selangor 47500, Malaysia.

Background: The hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a febrile and exanthematouschildhood disease mainly caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71). In severe HFMD, virulent EV-A71strains can cause acute flaccid paralysis and cardiopulmonary edema leading to death.Currently, no FDA approved antiviral treatment or vaccine is available for EV-A71. Flavonoidssuch as silymarin and baicalein are known to possess in vitro antiviral properties againstviruses. In this study, the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of silymarin, baicalein and baicalinwere investigated. Methods: The cytotoxic effects of three flavonoids towardsrhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells were first examined using cell proliferation MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay.Compounds found to be non-cytotoxic in RD cells were evaluated for their in vitro antiviralproperties against the EV-A71 subgenotype B4 strain 41 (5865/SIN/000009) using antiviralassays. Viral infectivity was determined by reduction of the formation of plaques in RD cells.For the measurement of RNA copy number, the real time quantitative reverse transcriptionPCR (qRT-PCR) was used. The most potent compound was further evaluated to determine themode of action of inhibition by time course, virus attachment and entry assays in Vero cells.Results: Silymarin was shown to exert direct extracellular virucidal effects against EV-A71 at50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 15.2 ± 3.53 µg/mL with selectivity index (SI) of 10.53.Similarly, baicalein exhibited direct extracellular virucidal effects against EV-A71 at a higher IC50 value of 30.88 ± 5.50 µg/mL with SI of 13.64. Besides virucidal activity, silymarin wasshown to block both viral attachment and entry of EV-A71 to inhibit infection in Vero cells.Conclusions: Silymarin has a stronger inhibition activity against EV-A71 in comparison tobaicalein. It could serve as a promising antiviral candidate to treat EV-A71 infections.



Characterization of Synovium Membrane in Osteoarthritis

Jamal NF1, Tan SL1, Aizah N2, Teo SH3, Abbas AA4, Kamarul T1

[email protected]

1Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Center of Excellence for Research &Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University ofMalaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Foot and Ankle Team, NOCERAL, Department ofOrthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. 3Sport Team, NOCERAL, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4Division of Joint Replacement,NOCERAL, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of synovial jointscharacterized by cartilage destruction, subchondral bone thickening and osteophyteformation. Inflammation of the synovial membrane is one of the characteristics of the OAjoint, however, no study has been conducted to compare the synovitis features which aresynovium lining thickening, increase in resident cell density, and inflammatory infiltrationbetween primary knee OA and other knee joint conditions. With that, we designed a study todetermine the synovitis score of synovium membrane (SM) in non-OA and OA knees.Methods: In this study, SM was collected from the knee joints of non-OA and OA consentedsubjects. SM from four different conditions were evaluated, namely G1: non-OA withoutchondral defect (n=5), G2: non-OA with chondral defect (n=4), G3: OA without a history oftrauma (n=14), and G4: OA with history of trauma (n=4). The SM tissue procured from eachsubject was divided into smaller pieces and used for histological scoring . Scoring was donewith haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stained slides based on the Krenn synovitis score, with ahigher score denoting more severe synovitis. Results : Total Krenn scores for G3 and G4 weresignificantly higher compared to G1 and G2. Specifically, there is a significant increase indensity of resident cells and inflammatory infiltration in G3 and G4 groups compared to G1and G2 groups. However, there were no significant difference observed between groups forthe thickening of the synovial cell lining layer. Conclusion: Inflammation in synovial tissues ofOA groups are more pronounced compared to non-OA groups evident by a significantly highersynovitis score. Nevertheless, future studies conducted on a larger sample size isrecommended.



Effect of Christia vespertilionis Extract on Monocyte Adhesion to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs)

Tan JN1, Jubri Z2, Husain K1, Jantan I3, Buang F1, Mohd Fauzi N1

[email protected]

1Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, JalanRaja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Biochemistry, Facultyof Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3School of Pharmacy,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Lakeside Campus, Selangor,Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: The initiation of atherosclerotic lesion involves endothelial cellpro-inflammatory state that recruits leukocytes and promotes their movement acrossendothelium which requiring endothelial expression of cell adhesion molecules. Christiavespertilionis (CV) is herbaceous plants that traditionally used for treatment of variousinflammation-related ailments. However, there is limited evidence that points to theprotective activity of CV against atherosclerosis. This study sought to explore potentialmechanisms by which CV extract inhibit TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to HUVEC.Methods: Cell viability of HUVEC treated with CV extract was determined by MTT assay.Monocyte-endothelial adhesion assay was carried out to determine effect of CV extract onmonocyte adhesion while protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)and intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) was determined by Western blot. Results: CVextract at concentration range from 5 µg/mL to 60 µg/mL were found to maintain cell viabilityof more than 80% following 24 hours treatment. Selected treatment concentrations (20, 40and 60 µg/mL) of CV extract showed inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on TNF-α-induced monocyteadhesion to HUVEC. At the same time, all selected treatment concentrations of CV extract (20,40 and 60 µg/mL) also significantly inhibited (p<0.05) protein expression of VCAM-1 in TNF-α-stimulated HUVEC. Protein expression of ICAM-1 was significantly inhibited (p<0.05) by 40 and60 µg/mL CV extract. Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrated CV extract possessedinhibitory effect of on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by inhibiting protein expressionof VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. This results implicate that CV potentially have beneficial useparticularly in vascular inflammation.



Protein Profiling of Synovial Membrane from Osteoarthritis Patients

Nik Syazana S1, Krishnamurithy G1

[email protected]

1Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty ofMedicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Synovial inflammation, also known as synovitis, is one of thehallmarks in end stage osteoarthritic (ES-OA) involving joints. The proteins or mediatorsderived from ES-OA synovial membrane have not been fully elucidated. A study was,therefore, conducted to discover the protein profile and their respective distribution in ES-OAsynovial membrane to better understand the development of this disease. Methods: Ethicsapproval was obtained from eight ES-OA (N=8) and sports injury (baseline control, N=8)patients, who fulfil the inclusion and exclusion criteria prior to acquire their synovial tissue. Anovel matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) incombination with Nano-flow liquid chromatography electrospray-ionization coupled withmass- spectrometry/mass-spectrometry (ESI-LCMS/MS) technique were applied to theanalysis of synovial tissue. After protein extraction, SDS PAGE was conducted to check for thepresence of proteins prior to LC-MS acquisition. Frozen sections were stained withhematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histological observation and immunohistochemistry (IHC)staining of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also employed to validate the presence ofmacrophages. Serial sections were desiccated, and coated with matrix for MALDI analysis.PEAKS software incorporated with Mascot database was used in the identification of therelative proteins and their distribution in the synovial tissues was viewed using TissueViewsoftware. Results: SDS PAGE confirmed the presence of proteins in both ES-OA and baselinecontrol synovial tissues. LC-MS analysis discovered the presence of alpha-enolase in the OAsamples but not in the baseline control. iNOS was also found to be expressed only in the OAsamples with greater expression at the intima region. Data for MALDI profile is yet to becompared to the LC-MS profile to identify the respective proteins correspond to the m/zobserved before overlapping between ES-OA and baseline control to reveal their differentialprotein expression.



Cell Proliferation and Collagen Expression of Human Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Hypoxia Conditioning/ Mechanical Stimulation

Noh MNA1, Nam HY1, Murali MR1, Abbas AA1, Merican AM1 & Kamarul T1

[email protected]

1Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty ofMedicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Injuries to tendons with low cellularity and highly structuredextracellular matrix makes them poor at tissue regeneration, thus presenting a major clinicalchallenge to orthopaedic practitioners. The use of adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) intissue engineering has been widely studied recent years as they are capable of self-renewingand differentiating into multiple cell lineages. However, there is a risk of tumour induction byundifferentiated MSCs in some circumstances, thus pre-differentiated cells are introduced fortissue repair. Cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production of MSCs bycombination of mechanical stimulation and hypoxia conditioning are believed that could bepromoted earlier compared to each stimulation on its own. This study was thus to investigatethe effect of cyclic uniaxial mechanical stretching on hMSCs proliferation and ECM production,in combination with hypoxia-mimicking agent. Methods: hMSCs from fat pad were isolated,expanded in vitro, and sub-cultured until passage-2. These hMSCs were characterized fromtheir surface markers and differentiation potential. A total of 100µM hypoxia mimicking agent,deferoxamine (DFO) was then added to the culture, and the uniaxial tensile loading at 1 Hzand 8% strain for 24, 48, and 72 hours were carried out. Cell proliferation was analyzed usingalamarBlue ® assay whilst hMSCs differentiation was analyzed using total collagen assay, andimmunochemistry and immunofluorescence staining for ECM production. Results: Resultsshowed that both DFO conditioning and mechanical stimulation does not significantlyenhance hMSCs proliferation rate. However, mechanical stimulation does significantlyincrease the collagen production of hMSCs but not DFO-treated group as it showed nostatistically significant effects. Conclusion: Our results suggest that hMSCs treated withmechanical stimulation alone increases ECM production, without the aid of hypoxia mimickingagent at this concentration.



A Comparative study on Adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cell morphology, viability, proliferation, Osteogenic marker and Alizarin red index on PLLA (Poly L lactide) nano-fibrous

scaffold and monolayer culture.

Aminath Rasheedha1, Norshazliza Ab Ghani1, Balaji Raghavendran1

[email protected]

1Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research andLearning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University ofMalaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Though materials like collagen, hydroxyapatite and PLLA are usedin the fabrication of scaffolds, their use as a single molecule are limited due to lack ofproperties such as osteoinductive and osteoconductive. Hence, present study attempted todevelop composite scaffold using PLLA, HA and Collagen by electron spinning method.Proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on nanofibrous scaffold wasalso tested. Cell culture plates were used as control. Methods: Electrospun poly-L-lactide/hydroxyapatite/collagen (PLLA/HA/Col) scaffolds were seeded with humanmesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from the fat pad. We performed the experimentsof short term adherence and proliferation for 21 days after seeding the cells. Scanningelectron microscopy (Cell tomography), Hoechst staining (DNA stain), Alamar blueproliferation assay, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) marker assay and Alizarin red staining(Osteogenic index) were assessed. Results: Scaffold provided suitable environment foradipose derived MSC (AD-MSC). Alamar blue reduction percentage was significant on 3, 7 and14 days compared to cell culture well plate. Release of ALP (early osteogenic marker) wasincreased on day 21 in scaffolds compared to cell culture well plate. Scanning microscopyconfirmed the architecture of MSC such as spindle shape. Alizarin index was slightly higher inscaffold compared to cell culture well plate. Hoechst dye staining confirmed the cell viablity.Conclusion: Altogether, results demonstrated without osteogenic medium the scaffold mayhave the potential to trigger the osteogenic differentation of AD-MSC, hence can beconsidered suitable candidate for tissue engineering research and application.



Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effect of Spirulina platensis Against LPS-Induced BV2 Microglia

Ngu EL1, Tan CY1, Phang SM2, Lim SH3, Wong KH4, Yow YY1

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway School of Science and Technology, SunwayUniversity, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia. 2Institute of Ocean andEarth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Department ofChemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.4Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Microglia play an important role in the inflammation-mediatedneuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. As the currently available drugs areasymptomatic with adverse side effects, novel compounds from natural resources may serveas therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. Spirulina is a well-known superfoodwith therapeutic properties (antioxidative, anticancer, and antiviral). However, there is nostudy on the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of S. platensis UMACC 159 (a Spirulina strainisolated from Israel). Hence, we aimed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant capacity andnitric oxide (NO) inhibitory effect of S. platensis UMACC 159 extracts using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. Methods: Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueousextracts of S. platensis UMACC 159 were screened for the phytochemicals content andantioxidant capacity. NO inhibitory effect in LPS-induced BV2 microglia was tested using Griessassay. The expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) of themost potent extract were evaluated using Western blot. Results: Aqueous and ethanolextracts have the highest phenolic (32.40 ± 0.515 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (83.41 ± 2.049 mgQE/g) contents respectively. Ethanol extract also showed the highest ABTS scavenging activity(EC 50 of 0.10 ± 0.0004 mg/mL) and reducing power (EC 50 of 0.81 ± 0.037 mg/mL), whileethyl acetate extract showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity (EC 50 of 0.05 ± 0.003mg/mL). Ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited LPS-induced NOin a dose-dependent manner, but only ethanol extract showed complete inhibition at 2mg/mL. Ethanol extract also attenuated iNOS expression but enhanced COX-2 expression.Conclusion: Our results suggest that ethanol extract may possesses bioactive compound(s)which can aid in the functional food or drug development for neurodegenerative diseases.Further studies on the production of prostaglandin E 2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines aresuggested to further evaluate the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of S. platensis extract.



Testing Of A 22-gene Next Generation Sequencing Panel For The Management Of Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Tan Jaymi1, Chow Yock Ping2, Norziha ZA3, Abhi Veerakumarasivam1 and Wong Chieh Lee2,3

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University,Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. 2Clinical Research Centre, Sunway Medical Centre, KualaLumpur, Malaysia. 3Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Sunway Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. 4Haematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Sunway Medical Centre, KualaLumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Many genes have been associated with the pathogenesis ofmyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). However, mutational screening for all MPN-associatedgenes is not a routine practice. This paper describes the development and analytical validationof a custom 22-gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel for the detection of somaticmutations in ABL1, ASXL1, CALR, CBL, CEBPA, CSF3R, DNMT3A, EZH2, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, JAK2,KIT, MPL, NPM1, PDGFRA, RUNX1, SF3B1, SRSF2, TET2, TP53, and U2AF1. Methods: Thecustom panel was designed using Illumina Design Studio. The performance of the panel wasassesed using four reference standards, in two identical but independent NGS runs. NGSlibraries were constructed using AmpliSeqTM Custom DNA Panel for Illumina® and sequencedusing Illumina 300-cycle MiSeq Reagent Micro Kit v2. Data analysis and evaluation of thepanel performance were facilitated by bioinformatics software. Results: For each referencestandard, approximately 99.5% on-target aligned reads were obtained and >95% of sequencedbases had a quality score above Q30. The panel achieved an average read depth of 6130x and~98% uniformity. Analysis of panel performance using bioinformatics software revealed asensitivity, specificity and a positive predictive value of above 90%. The panel achieved anaverage intra-run concordance of 98.8% [range: 95.2-100%], inter-run concordance of 99.0%[range: 95.2-100 %], and a limit of detection of 1% VAF. Conclusion: Preliminary analysis withreference standards shows that the custom panel is able to detect MPN-associated mutations.Further directions will involve assessment of the panel performance using MPN clinicalsamples.



Newcastle Disease Virus as a Potential Therapeutic Agent against Bladder Cancer Stem Cells

Thirumorthy A1, Chan SC2, Chau DM3, Yusoff K4,5, Veerakumarasivam A1

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway School of Science and Technology, SunwayUniversity, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia. 2Perdana UniversitySchool of Foundation Studies, Perdana University, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.3Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti PutraMalaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. 4Faculty of Biotechnology andBiomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,Malaysia. 5Malaysian Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,Malaysia.

Background and objectives: One of the challenges in the management of bladder cancer is itshigh risk of tumour recurrence and therapeutic resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSC) that residewithin tumours are postulated to drive tumorigenesis and influence tumour behaviour.Recently, the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was shown to have a strong oncolytic effectagainst various cancer types. However, the oncolytic effect of NDV against CSC remainsunderstudied. This study examined the oncolytic effect of NDV against putative bladder CSC.Methods: Putative bladder CSC was selectively grown in the form of 3D-spheroids from sixdifferent bladder cancer cell lines. The spheroid cells were characterised (via the expressionanalysis of CSC-associated genes and cell surface markers) for stemness properties to ensurethat cells were true representative of CSC. Subsequently, the oncolytic effect of the wild-typeNDV strain, AF2240 against the bladder cancer spheroids was investigated. Results: All thespheroids expressed significantly high levels of CSC-associated genes. Flow-cytometry analysisrevealed a differential expression pattern of CSC-associated surface markers in spheroids fromdifferent cell lines; suggesting heterogeneity in their expression signatures. The infection ofspheroids with NDV showed that the NDV was able to target bladder cancer spheroids,however there was a spectrum of response across the different spheroids. Intriguingly, NDVwas able to persistently infect bladder cancer spheroids that were not sensitive towards NDVinfection as the presence of NDV viral genes were detected in the spheroid cells. The NDV PIbladder cancer spheroids were also resistant to superinfection and developed an antiviralstate by expressing low levels of interferon-beta (IFN-b). As the spheroid forming ability of anestablished NDV persistently infected bladder cancer cell line, EJ28-PI was shown to beimpaired, NDV persistency of infection may affect the process of epithelial to mesenchymaltransition (EMT) of cancer cells. Moreover, EJ28-PI cells expressed significantly high levels ofthe EN2 gene. Knockdown of EN2 expression reduced the viability of EJ28-PI cells; suggestinga role for EN2 in mediating NDV persistency of infection in cancer cells. Conclusion: BladderCSC gene expression signatures influence the efficacy of NDV-mediated oncolysis. Our currentwork is focused on identifying genes and signalling pathways that influence NDV-mediatedoncolysis using whole-transcriptomic sequencing. The findings of this study can potentially beused to enhance the efficacy of NDV-mediated oncolysis and accelerate the translation ofNDV as an oncotherapeutic agent in the clinic.



Padina australis Protects Corticosterone-Induced Damage in PC12 Cells by Attenuating Oxidative Stress-Mediated ROS Production

Subermaniam K1, Lim SH2, Yow YY3, Wong KH1

[email protected]

1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, KualaLumpur, Malaysia. 3Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science & Technology,Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Oxidative stress is a biologically damaging effect of free radicalsand increasing evidence supporting the link between oxidative stress and pathophysiology ofdepression. Macroalgae have developed efficient antioxidant machinery to overcomeenvironmental stress hence, the utilization of macroalgae-derived antioxidants may possess asafer therapeutic with antidepressant-like effects. Therefore, we aimed to explore the possibleuse of Padina australis to attenuate corticosterone-mediated oxidative damage in an in vitromodel of PC12 cells. Methods: Fresh P. australis was collected from Port Dickson, NegeriSembilan, Malaysia. Ethanol extract was prepared by sequential extraction from freeze-driedsample. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents, reducing power and free radical scavengingactivities of ethanol extract were quantified. Oxidative stress in PC12 cells was induced by 600µM corticosterone. PC12 cells treated with 10 µg/mL of desipramine and complete mediumserved as positive and negative control respectively. The level of intracellular ROS, lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) release, glutathione, mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs),aconitase and number of apoptotic nuclei were quantified. Results: The LDH- and MTT-basedviability assays demonstrated PC12 cells were sensitive to 600 µM corticosterone with areduction of viability to 53.57 ± 2.47% after 24 h of corticosterone exposure. Co-incubationwith 0.25 mg/mL ethanol extract increased the viability to 95.93 ± 10.34%. Further, 600 µMdecreased the ratio of reduced GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), MMPs and aconitaseactivity. However, the extent of oxidative damage was reversed by ethanol extract at 0.25 and0.5 mg/mL. Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining also revealed a protective effect of theextract against nuclear apoptosis. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest theneuroprotective effects of P. australis against oxidative damage in the cellular modelmimicking chronic stress. Nevertheless, gene expression patterns involved in the therapeuticregulation of oxidative stress is highly warranted.



Naturally Occurring Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Phytochemicals in Herbal Products:A Review on Malaysian Medicinal Plants

Mohamad Pauzi NA1, Abdullah R1

[email protected]

1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background: Plants are the ultimate source of natural compounds or phytochemicalsadvantageous to human health. It has been used in the form of herbal medicines or plant foodsupplements to prevent and treat diseases. Owing to the notion that natural is always safe,popularity and usage of herbal products amongst consumers have increased, consequentlyresulting in the worldwide expansion of the industry especially in Malaysia. However, most ofthese products have never been evaluated for toxicity before being marketed and adverseeffects from long-term consumption were reported, including cancer. Some phytochemicalsare known to be carcinogenic to humans (e.g., aristolochic acids) and possible carcinogenic tohumans such as alkenylbenzene (safrole, estragole, beta-asarone) and pyrrolizidine alkaloids(rideliine, lasiocarpine, monocrotaline). Aim: The purpose of this review is to evaluate thegenotoxicity and carcinogenicity of phytochemical constituents of medicinal plant speciescommonly used in herbal medicinal products available in Malaysian market. Methods:Databases including PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were searched and the literaturefrom the year 2000 to 2019 was retrieved using keywords such as phytochemical, genotoxic,carcinogenic, alkenylbenzene, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, aristolochic acid and others. Results:Methyleugenol, safrole, beta asarone, beta thujone, quercetin, and myristicin are some ofgenotoxic carcinogenic phytochemical constituents present in 74 commonly used Malaysianmedicinal plants species, including Alpinia galangal L (Lengkuas), Cinnamomum verum (Kulitkayu manis or cinnamon), Myristica fragrans (Buah pala or nutmeg), Orthosiphon aristatus(Blume) (Misai kucing), Basilicum ocimum (Selasih or basil), Piper betel L. (Sireh), Pipersarmentosum Roxb (Kadok) and Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (Belalaigajah). Conclusion:Malaysian population could be exposed to the risk of developing cancer from consumption ofherbal products. This warrants for further investigations, which will contribute to establishinga necessary regulatory framework that will include toxicological and risk assessments ofherbal products.



Risk Assessment of Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Estragole in Plant-Based Food Supplements (PFS) in Malaysia

Mohd Esa NS1, Abdullah R1

[email protected]

1Department of Environment and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicines and HealthSciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objective: Plant-based Food Supplements (PFS) are commonly used by theconsumers without knowing the actual ingredients in the PFS as they thought all “natural”ingredients are “safe”. Estragole is among of genotoxic and carcinogenic alkenylbenzenesderivatives that can naturally be found in plant such as basil, fennel and anise. This study wasconducted to determine the risk from exposure to estragole via consumption of PFS usingmargin of exposure (MOE) approach. Methods: Ten local PFS were purposively purchased andthe level of estragole in the samples was quantified using Ultra High-Performance LiquidChromatography (UHPLC). MOE approach was applied to calculate the risk for both genotoxicand carcinogenic substances. The MOE was calculated by dividing the Benchmark dose level(BMDL10) to the estimated daily intake (EDI) of the PFS. Results: Estragole was detected in allsamples ranging between 371.8±275.5 µg/g to 1950.6±1575.4 µg/g. The EDI values calculatedwere from 0.021 mg/kg bw/day to 0.117 mg/kg bw/day. All samples were found to have MOEless than 10,000 with minimum value of 20-60 and maximum value of 150-310 indicating highpriority for risk management action. Conclusion: It is concluded that Malaysian populationsare exposed to estragole via consumption of PFS and risk management actions are needed inorder to control the exposure to this natural genotoxic and carcinogenic chemical.



Developing Cisplatin Resistant Bladder Cancer Cell Lines: A Preliminary Study on the Insightof the Mechanisms of Cisplatin Resistance in Bladder Cancer

Paramanantham Y1, Md. Said1, Nur Akmarina, Chung Ivy2

1Department of Pharmacy, 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University ofMalaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.

[email protected]

Background: A recent retrospective study of bladder cancer patients in University MalayaMedical Center (UMMC), indicated 12% higher mortality in cisplatin-based therapy ascompared to the other non-platinum-based therapy. Cisplatin therapy failure is a cause toworry as it is the first-line therapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer in UMMC. Objective: Toassess the development of cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer, using two different methods;a shock-wise method (M1) and a step-wise method (M2). Methodology: Both M1 and M2were established using a parental T24 epithelial bladder cancer cell line (UT). M1 wasgenerated by periodically shocking T24 cells with 20-fold concentrations of cisplatin for 2hours followed by a continuous incubation in a minimum concentration of cisplatin. Thisminimum concentration of cisplatin was gradually increased after several cycles of shocktreatment. M2 was established by the stepwise exposure of increasing concentrations ofcisplatin. Results: Both M1 and M2 generated cisplatin resistant sublines with increased IC50and mesenchymal phenotypic markers compared to the parental cell line. However, there wasa difference in the pattern of cisplatin resistance markers in M1 and M2; M1 expressed higherexcision repair cross-complementing group 1 protein (ERCC1) and reduced expression of p53gene compared to M2, whereas M2 expressed lower copper transporter protein (Ctr1)compared to M1. Conclusion: This preliminary study indicates a prolonged-incrementalexposure of cisplatin leads to resistance by reducing intracellular cisplatin import whereas anacute-cyclic exposure of cisplatin results to resistance via the detection and repair of DNAdamage and by modulating apoptotic signals.



Activated Carbon Particle Size Distribution, The Forgotten Cause forSupercapacitor Energy Storage.

Siti Aisyah Zulkefli1, Farid Nasir Haji Ani1, Zulkarnain Ahmad Noorden2

[email protected]

1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor. 2Institute ofHigh Voltage and High Current (IVAT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor.

Manufacturing parameter in producing the supercapacitor electrode tend to be forgotten or not beingstated as the caused of effect in electrochemical behavior. This research studied the effect of biomassactivated carbon particle size distribution to supercapacitor electrochemical behavior. The milled ACwas firstly sieved with 75 μm and then separated the remaining particle using 150, 180 and 300 μm.Then, electrode was fabricated from 75 μm and mixed particle sizes which were 75+150 μm, 75+180μm and 75+300 μm. Of course there would be major loss in mechanical stability from mixed particlesize. If it was zoomed at the bottom ofelectrode, there seems to be some small particles accumulation that stuck on the nickel foam. Majoraccumulation happens in mixed particle size electrode compared to 75 μm powdered electrode.Interestingly, it was expected that 75 μm should had the highest specific capacitance but it was goingto 75+180. Despite that, 75 μm was able to produce stable electrochemical behavior with the lowesttime constant than the others. This might be due to the case of short ion diffusion length with largecontact resistance between particles in 75 μm electrode. But, as soon there was some inappropriateparticles size existed, the diffusion length would become longer since ions needed to be completelydiffuse from the smallerparticles to larger particles as shown in Figure 1 illustrated image. As such, this showed that particlesize distribution showed an important parameter too for understanding the supercapacitorperformance efficiency. For this research the most optimum particle size distribution was goes to 75μm electrode. If it was smaller and finer, supercapacitor performance would be better.


Energy Transition

Figure 1: Schematic drawing of charge storing mechanism from different particle size mixture

Modification of Carbon-based Li-S Battery Cathodes by Green Radiation Processing

Tanagorn Kwamman1, Suranan Anantachaisilp2

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway School of Science and Technology, SunwayUniversity. 1The Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (a public organization), 9/9 moo 7,Saimoon Ongkharak District, Nakhon Nayok. 2Kamnoetvidya Science Academy (KVIS), 999 PaYup Nai, Wang Chan District, Rayong.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are promising storage materials which have high theoreticalenergy density (2,567 Wh/kg) and long cycle-life comparing to conventional batteries.However, commercial LSBs perform only 350 Wh/kg due to the shuttling effect of lithiumpolysulfide (LPBs). Immobilisation of LPSs within the electrical conductivity porous cathode isan effective way to enhance the LSB efficiency. Several nano-carbon materials have been usedas LBSs cathode (activated carbon, carbon nanotube and graphene). Activated carbon (AC) isattractive in term of low cost, large specific surface area (50 - 2000 m 2 /g), high total porevolume and good electrical conductivity. Their surface properties can be further improved byphysical and chemical modification. Ammonia treatment is a popular method to introducenitrogen groups via heating the AC in ammonia environment at the temperature of 600 - 1000°C. In fact, ionising radiation (gamma and electron beam) generate active species such as HO·,H 2 O 2 , O 2 , H· or e - aq as similar as using elevated temperatures or strong chemicalprocesses. Therefore, radiation processing could be an opportunity to modify AC at roomtemperature using water as a solvent to reduce the amount of toxic chemical and processtemperatures. In this research, the AC will be functionalized with the nitrogen-rich groups byone-pot gamma radiolysis. The activated carbon was derived from sticky rice grains and dopednitrogen by one-pot gamma irradiation processing without using hazard chemical and solvent.The coin LBS cell fabricated by using as synthesised N-doped carbon as cathodes showoutstanding specific capacity (1600 mAh/g), resulting from their improvement of morphologyand surface properties after gamma irradiation at 25 kGy. The BET specific surface area of ACincrease ~100 m 2 /g. The nitrogen group presence as pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N which claimas enhance chemical adsorption between polysulfide and N-doped AC.


Energy Transition

Synthesis of Biodegradable Lubricant Base Oil using Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

Brandon NYS1, Lee HV1, Ong HC2, Harrison LLN3

[email protected], [email protected]

1Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies,University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering,Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Malaysian PalmOil Board (MPOB), 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: A litre of oil can pollute as much as a million litres of water. Withquickly depleting petroleum sources and environmental awareness on the rise, biodegradablelubricants are good alternatives for mineral-based ones. Hence, the objective of this researchis to produce a biodegradable lubricant base oil using renewable feedstock. Methods: Distilledpalm fatty acid distillate (DPFAD) was reacted with neopentyl glycol under inert conditionsutilizing a heterogeneous catalyst to produce palm-based diester which can be used as alubricant base oil for 2-stroke engines. Results: Synthesized product showed good conversionof up to 87.58%, composing of a 73% diester yield under operating conditions of 190 o C, 1%catalyst and 6 hours reaction time. Physicochemical testing showed that the product hadcomparable properties to commercial neopentyl glycol dioleate ester. Conclusion: SynthesizedDPFAD-ester was found to be a suitable biodegradable lubricant base oil.


Energy Transition

Synthesis, Characterisation and Structural Studies Of Cerium(III) and Praseodymium(III) Based Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

NNM Khirudin1, NNM Ishak1, Thahira BSA Ravoof1

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,Selangor, Malaysia

Background and Objectives: Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks (Ln-MOFs) arecompounds consisting of lanthanide metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands. Ln-MOFs have many benefits in diverse architectures due to their high coordination numbers andlarge ionic radii of the cations. Ln-MOFs, which combine with the advantages of MOFs and theintrinsic spectroscopic properties of lanthanides, such as a large Stokes shift, a longfluorescence lifetime, and a wide emission range, are extensively studied for theirluminescent properties which can be applied in many fields of applications, especially inchemical sensors and luminescence studies. Methods: Two Lanthanide based Metal OrganicFrameworks Ce-MOFs and Pr-MOFs were synthesised using mixed flexible and rigidcarboxylate organic linkers with dimethyl formamide (DMF) as the solvent. These MOFs weresuccessfully synthesised using a solvothermal method for 72 hours at 150°C by varying themolar ratio of metal to ligand. MOFs assembled from Ce(III) and Pr(III) were named Ce-MOF(1) and Pr-MOF (2). These MOFs were characterised to obtain information on their structureusing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FT-IR) Analysis, Powder X-ray Diffraction(PXRD) Analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)Analysis, and Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction (SXRD). Results: The absence of absorption bandsaround 1700 cm −1 in the FTIR confirmed that the carboxylate groups were completelydeprotonated indicative of successful coordination. Peaks below 10° present in the PXRDanalysis indicated the formation of the large lattice unit of the frameworks. TGA showed that1 and 2 had very good thermal stability where all of them decomposed above 700°C. The SEMimages indicated needle-shaped crystals for all four compounds. The result of the SXRDanalysis revealed that compound 1 crystallized in a monoclinic crystal system with a spacegroup space of P2 1 /n while compound 2 crystallized in an orthorhombic crystal with spacegroup of I2/a. Conclusion: This MOFs are being investigated for their use as photoluminescence agents and catalysts.


Energy Transition

Simple NMR predictors of catalytic hydrogenation activity for [Rh(cod)Cl(NHC)]

complexes featuring fluorinated NHC ligands

Mohamad Shazwan Shah Jamil1 , Alan K. Brisdon2

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 JohorBahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, M13 9PLManchester, United Kingdom.

The N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal chemistry has undergone continuous expansion withthe synthesis of new complexes and the development of various applications, ranging fromcatalysis, transmetalation reagents to antimicrobial agents. The electronic and stericparameters associated with the resulting complexes have made NHC obvious candidateswhen designing new metal complexes for catalysis. Previous studies have reported a growingnumber of rhodium complexes bearing NHC ligands, however very few of them containingfluorinated NHC ligands. As the most electronegative element, the presence of fluorine orfluorinated group in NHC may influence the electronic properties of the corresponding coppercomplexes. There is a need to develop novel rhodium complexes featuring fluorinated NHCligands and investigate the effects on the steric and electronic characters of the coppercomplexes and eventually their mechanistic and catalytic properties. In this study, A series ofimidazolium salts precursors for N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) featuring fluoroarylsubstituents have been prepared along with their selenides and rhodium complexes. Tests ofthe catalytic activity of the [Rh(cod)Cl(NHC)] complexes in the transfer hydrogenation ofacetophenone with iPrOH shows that the rhodium complexes bearing fluorinated NHCs arebetter than their non-fluorinated counterparts. The order of activity being 4-F-C6H4 < 2,4-F2 -C6H3 < 2,4,5-F3-C6H2 < 2,6-F2-C6H3 < 2,4,6-F3-C6H2. This order of reactivity is consistent with anumber of simple NMR measures of the electronic properties of these systems, including 1 JCH of the NHC·HBF 4 salts, δ( 77 Se) of the NHC selenides and 1 J Rh–C and δ( 13 C carbene) of the [Rh(cod)Cl(NHC)] complexes.


Energy Transition

Preliminary study for monitoring heavy metals in food products based on nanoparticles and curcumin extract

Erna Husna Kana, Asmaa Hani Mizan, Nurul Shaeera Sulaiman, Vonnie Merillyn Joseph, Rovina Kobun

[email protected]

Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah,Malaysia.

Heavy metal contamination in the environment and food has become an ever-increasingconcern among the public since it poses serious threats to the ecological system and humanhealth. Traditional detection methods for heavy metals such as high-performance liquidchromatography have a fairly low detection limit, however, the methods have manylimitations and disadvantages as the methods are time-consuming, costly and laborious.Therefore, it is important to develop a rapid technique for real-time and on-site detection ofheavy metals. To broad the multiple heavy metals detections, a biodegradable colorimetricfilm was developed based on polymer incorporated with nanoparticles and curcumin extractwith distinctive structural and functional characteristics. Both of the colorimetric reagentsoffer high selectivity and sensitivity detection owing to the surface plasmon resonanceproperties. In this study, a low limit of detections was achieved, and the developed filmsdisplayed excellent biodegradability and storage stability, as well as high sensitivity, selectivity,and specificity to detect heavy metals in food with high recovery rates. However, thebiodegradable film developed using curcumin extracts is believed to be a promising analyticaltechnique for heavy metals due to the rapidness, low cost, and environmentally friendlyapproach.


Food Sustainability

Production of Natural Sweetener from Overripe Banana and Utilization of its Residue in Developing Low Glycaemic Index Chocolate Cookie

Ng YV1 , Tengku Alina TI2 , Wan Rosli WI1

[email protected]

1Nutrition Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 KubangKerian, Kelantan.2Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia HealthCampus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan.

Background and Objectives: Demand for dietary fibre-enriched and low sugar bakery products isincreasing rapidly due to current high incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Banana is one of the mostconsumed fruit which provide excellent nutritional health benefits. Meanwhile, overripe banana hasbeen discarded due to its low quality and appearance. Despite its appearance, overripe bananaexhibits rich sources of natural sweetener and dietary fibre which could potentially be used as a novelfood ingredient to replace added sugar and wheat flour in bakery product. Thus, the study aims todetermine the nutritional properties, sensory acceptability and glycaemic index (GI) value of chocolatecookies formulated with overripe banana sweetener (OBS) as partial replacement (10, 15 and 20%) fortable sugar and utilization of overripe banana residue (OBR) as partial replacement (8%) for wheatflour. Methods: Nutritional composition and sensory acceptability of the cookies were analysed usingAOAC methods and 7-point hedonic scaling method, respectively. In Vivo GI determined was accordingto FAO/WHO international recognised GI methodology. Results: Results have shown thatincorporation of OBR and OBS significantly (p<0.05) increased nutritional values of chocolatecookies. Chocolate cookies formulated with 8% OBR+20% OBS recorded the highest TDF (7.80%) andash (1.47%) content. Sucrose content of chocolate cookies was reduced significantly with increasinglevel of OBS. Sensory scores for control and 8% OBR-incorporated cookie were not significantdifference for all the sensory attributes. Moreover, incorporation of OBS up to 15% produced higherscores in term of aroma, flavour and overall acceptance. Three formulations of chocolate cookies(Control, 8% OBR and 8% OBR+15% OBS) were selected for GI testing and recorded GI values of 63, 56and 50, respectively. Conclusion: Overripe banana can be used as a food ingredient in developing low-GI cookie.


Food Sustainability

Figure 1: Mean blood glucose response of glucose (reference food), and 3 formulations of chocolatecookies (Control, 8% OBR, 8%OBR + 15% OBS)

Study on Nutritional Value of Flakes from Corn Flour and Modified MAS BANANA TUBER (Musa acuminata Colla Flour*)

Dedin Finatsiyatull Rosida1, 1 Prima Evangelia1

[email protected], [email protected]

1Department of Food Technology, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Surabaya, EastJava, Indonesia.

Flakes are flaky cereal products from cereals. Making flakes requires high carbohydrate to helpperfect the gelatinization process in texture improvement. The addition of modified bananamas tuber flour to increases starch and resistant starch in the product. This study aims todetermine the exact proportion of corn flour and modified flour from mas banana tuber, withthe steaming duration in flakes product with quality acceptable to consumers. This study usesa factorial factorial complete design with two factors. The first factor is the proportion of cornflour: modified banana mas tuber flour (70:30), (60:40) and (50:50). Factor II is steaming time5, 10, and 15 minutes. Data were analyzed using analysis variance level 5%. Based on theresulted of the study, the best research was the proportion of corn flour and modified flourfrom mas banana (60:40) with a steaming time of 10 minutes with water content of 1,33%,crude fiber of 6,10%, starch of 63,83%, resistant starch of 1,19%, rehydration power 105,20%,broken strength 3,41 N, protein 5,47%, dietary fiber 24,77%, fat 0,083%, and ash 0,98%.Organoleptic tests (color, taste, and crispness) indicate taste values 6,23 (likes); color 6,30(likes); and crispness 6,07 (likes).


Food Sustainability

Assessing the Severity of Patch Size and Perimeter of Fragmented Forest by Using Web Based Spatial Analysis

MN Nurfarah Aqilah1, B Azhar2 , N Kamaruddin2

[email protected]

1Forest Ecology Unit, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong 52109 Selangor, Malaysia.2Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Although forest edges have been studied extensively as an important consequence of fragmentation, aunifying theory of edge influence has yet to be developed. This study intended to take steps towardthe implementation of optimal shape of habitat fragments which is circular shape that will bebenchmarked against the readily available forest fragments. This study compiled 90 randomly chosenforest fragments around three different regions including Africa, South America and Southeast Asia.Data retrieved from Google Earth Pro will undergo visual interpretation followed by digitizing andbefore circular shape were introduced. Landscape parameter including Original and Theoretical Area,Original Perimeter, Theoretical Circumference, were taken into consideration to calculate theFragmentation Effect Value based on the Area [FEVba] and the Fragmentation Effect Value based onPerimeter [FEVbp]. This study answered the question on how Google Earth Pro can be used as a tool atlandscape level to measure the severity of forest fragmentation based on the criterion of patch sizeand perimeter. The results showed that the South America (0.6252 a) have the highest mean for[FEVba] followed by Africa (0.6112 a) and Southeast Asia (0.6026 a). However, mean for [FEVbp]resembled Southeast Asia (0.2202 a) as the highest, followed by South America (0.1778 a) and Africa(0.1468 a). This shows that the higher the [FEVba], the bigger the area need to be reserved as morecore area can be protected. Despite, the higher the [FEVbp], the more the perimeter that need to bemitigate in order to reduce the edge effects. In short, this study represents an example of usingFragmentation Effect Value for land cover pattern quantification in three large continents. The severityof forest fragmentation based on the area and perimeter warrants the assumption that the approachdeveloped here is sufficiently generic to be applicable to any forest fragments elsewhere.


Biodiversity

Figure 5.2: Aerial photo of modified landscape showed state of forest fragments in South America.The primary continuing threats to these fragments include expansion of urban areas andsuburban developement

Synthesis, Characterisations and Structural Study of Triazole Containing Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFS)

NNM Ishak, MIM Tahir, T. B. S. A Ravoof

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted great attentionamongst researchers due to their exceptional properties. Generally, MOFs represent a newclass of porous crystalline materials which contain organic linkers andinorganic joints. One ofthe main advantages of MOFs as materials is the diversity of transition metals that can bepresent in the various compositions in the structures. In particularly, the synthesis of MOFswith nitrogen-rich ligands are extremely versatile materials. Method: A new mixed ligandCd(II) coordination polymer (MOF-717) was successfully synthesized under solvothermalconditions by the self-assembly of carboxylate derivatives and triazole derivatives. Thecompound was characterized via Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-Transform Infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) analysis and thetopology of the compound was determined by Scanning Emission Microscopy (SEM). Result: Apeak present at low angles in the PXRD pattern indicated the formation of the large latticeunit cell of the frameworks. The compound was structurally characterized by Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction analysis. The colorless block crystals crystallized in a monoclinic system withC2/m space group. Each Cd(II) ion was six-coordinated by one N atom from the triazole ligandsand one O atom each from the two carboxylate ligands. Conclusion: This compound iscurrently being evaluated for electrochemical applications in the reduction of nitrobenzene.


Biodiversity

Fatty Acid Profiling and Physicochemical Properties of Crude and Refined Asian Seabass Liver Oil.

Chan YB1 , Teoh CY2 , Tey LH1 , Sim YL3

[email protected]

1Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, JalanUniversiti, Kampar, 31900 Perak, Malaysia. 2Department of Agricultural and Food Science,Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Kampar, 31900 Perak,Malaysia. 3SW EcoLife Enterprise Sdn. Bhd., No 1861, Jalan Intan 2, Taman Bandar Baru,Kampar, 31900 Perak , Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Generally, the non-edible parts of fish can be generated around50% of the total fish processes and were dumped directly to the environment. Hence, it isproblematic for industries as the discarded wastes cause environmental pollution and the lossof important nutrients without proper waste management. The LC-PUFA biosynthesis ofdiadromous fish such as Asian seabass has caught the attraction of researchers as the dietaryPUFA requirements and the capabilities of converting PUFA to LC-PUFA are different betweenmarine and freshwater fish species. Therefore, the FA profile and physicochemical propertiesof the crude and refined Asian seabass liver oil are determined and analyzed in this study.Methods: The modified Bligh and Dyer method was used in extracting fish oil from the liver.Then, the extracted fish liver oil was undergone refinery process, which included degumming,neutralization, bleaching and deodorization. FA profiles and physicochemical properties fromcrude and refined fish liver oils were obtained and tested according to AOCS official methods.Results: Acid value (1.12 mg KOH/g), percentage of free fatty acids (0.56%), saponificationvalue (213.18 mg KOH/g), ester value (212.06 mg KOH/g), iodine value (112.05 g I2/100g),peroxide value (4.00 mEq O2/kg), p-anisidine value (5.04 mmol/kg) and total oxidation value(13.04) met the limitation for edible oil after the Asian seabass liver oil was fully refined.However, the amount of PUFA significantly dropped from 16.75% (crude) to 12.50% (refined),meanwhile, SFA increased from 52.25% (crude) to 54.76% (refined) after Asian seabass liveroil was refined. Conclusion: The refined Asian seabass liver oil is safe to be consumed byhuman as the physicochemical properties met the safety level of edible oil. Although the levelof PUFA was significantly impacted, the amounts of EPA and DHA in Asian seabass liver oilwere not significantly reduced after being refined.


Biodiversity

Fungal Diversity Associated with Symptomatic Mangrove Leaves, Sediment and Sesarmid Crabs

Sahibu A1, Abd Rahim NAS.2, Siti Nordahliawate MS.3, Abdullah MM4

[email protected]

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 KualaTerengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. 2Laboratory of Pest, Disease and Microbial Biotechnology, Facultyof Fisheries and Food Sciences, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu,Terengganu, Malaysia.

Mangroves play an important component in coastal ecosystems as the first defence system fromnatural disaster while the mangrove sediment have high rate of carbon sequestration compared toterrestrial tropical forest. However, unhealthy mangroves due to infection of pathogenic fungi maydemote the survival rate of younger plants and affect their ability to re-establish new mangrovehabitat including affecting the food web. Therefore, this study aimed 1) to observe the symptomscaused by fungal attack on mangrove leaves of Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia marina and 2) toidentify morphologically fungi isolated from symptomatic leaves, sediments and Sesarmid crab. Allsamples were collected within the same mangrove habitat in Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)campus. Direct plating and serial dilution technique were applied to isolate fungi on Potato DextroseAgar (PDA) media. Pure cultures were used to identify the morphological characteristics undercompound microscope. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) also were used to confirm the presenceof mycelia, hyphae and fruiting bodies of fungi on the leaves. A total of ten fungi genus isolated fromall samples; Pestalotiopsis sp., Curvularia sp., Colletotrichum sp., Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus sp.,Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. Results showedthat Rhizophora apiculata had severe symptoms compared to Avicennia marina and the dominantfungus was Pestalotiopsis leaf spot and interestingly, similar Pestalotiopsis species was also isolatedfrom the Sesarmid crab guts, suggesting that fungus from diseased mangrove litter could betransferred into the mangrove food web and consequently infected the Sesarmid crabs. Thus, thisstudy provides an early information on the mangrove foliar disease which are needed to understandtheir impacts to the ecosystem resilience. Furthermore, with additional understanding of mangrovediseases, control measurement could be developed and contribute to mangrove forests and theirhabitats of impressive variety of flora and fauna.


Biodiversity

Fig. 1 Symptoms on the leaves of Rhizophora apiculata (a-d) and Avicennia marina (e-f). Types of symptomsobserved were black leaf spot (a), anthracnose (b and f), leaf blight (c), sunken leaf blight (d) and grey leaf spot(e).

Preliminary Result of Bornean Elephant (Elephas Maximus Borneensis) Feeding Ecology inOil Palm Plantation. A Case Study in Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah.

Jee Rosly SN1, Liew T.S1 , Othman N2 , & Goossens B3

[email protected]

1Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400,Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. 2Seratu Aatai, SE Asia Rainforest Research Partnership(SEARRP), S10-S12, 1st Floor, Block B, The Peak Vista, Lorong Puncak 1, 88400 Kota Kinabalu,Sabah. 3Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, 5th Floor, Block B, WismaMuis, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

Studying elephants behaviour in human-modified landscapes, especially in oil palm plantationcan assist in management for conflict between human and elephant. To better understandelephant feeding behaviour in oil palm plantation, we came up with the following objectives:(1) To study elephant behaviour patterns in oil palm plantation via direct observation and scansampling, and (2) To identify the types and plant species that had been eaten by elephantinside oil palm plantation. We proposed that based on known calorie intake/requirements wecan expect male elephants to spend more waking time eating compared to female elephants.Also, based on the species diversity in the oil palm plantation we can expect elephants to eatmore oil palm trees compared to other vegetation. Differences in behaviour patterns of theBornean elephant was studied by using direct observation and instantaneous scan samplinginside oil palm plantation ecosystem in the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah. The study wasconducted inside the Melangking Oil Palm Plantation and Genting Oil Palm Plantation (Rasig)division. The observation was conducted for a year starting from August 2018 until August2019. From the observation, adult male elephant spent more time eating. Adult femaleelephant spent more time resting. However, they are prone to feeling agitated whichcontributes to an increase in running. To understand more about their feeding habits, thetypes of plants consumed by crop-raiding elephants had been identified and analysed. A totalnumber of 11 families in 13 genera and 40 species of plants that were eaten by elephantsinside the oil palm plantation had been identified. Oil palm tree is the most consumed foodplants, followed by climbers and herbs. The findings from this study will have broaderimplications for elephant-human management by predicting models for elephants’ raidingpatterns in oil palm plantations and for encouraging human-elephant coexistence.


Biodiversity

Catalytic Reduction of Rhodamine B using Silver Nanoparticles Immobilized on Eggshell Membrane

Kaung Kyaw1, Theingi Soe1, Thiha Yan Naing1, Hla Yamin Thu1, Tint Htun Aung1,Oak Kar Phyo1, War War Aung1, Myo Kyaw Thu1

[email protected]

1Department of Biotechnology, Technological University (Kyaukse), Kyaukse, MandalayDivision, Myanmar.

Color in textile wastewater, contributed by natural or synthetic dyes, is one of the mostchallenging aspects for conventional treatment systems. In this study, a nano-platform thatwas efficient, yet easy-to-use, in decolorization of textile dyes was introduced. Silvernanoparticles were synthesized on eggshell membrane to have nano-composite (AgNP-ESM)which would then be used as photocatalyst in the decolorization experiment using 100 ppmconcentration of Rhodamine B prepared in the laboratory. Experiments carried out undersufficient sunlight condition showed that our AgNP-ESM could induce over 90% decrease ofcolor intensity with AgNP-ESM concentration of 10 mg/ml. Our synthesized AgNP-ESM stillshowed good decolorization efficiency with concentration as low as 2.5 mg/ml. Our studymight open other possible applications of nano-composite for the treatment of otherpersistent organic molecules.


Biodiversity

Comparison of Birds Diversity of UiTM Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus withPrevious Data Due to Occurrence of Anthropogenic Effect Nearby

Nur Auni Aqilah, A1, Nursyazni, AR1

[email protected]

1UiTM Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kuala Pilah Campus, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan.

Background and Objectives: Birds are one of the keys in maintaining the ecosystem as theyhave several important roles in plant distribution, agriculture and biological conservation.However, due to anthropogenic effect nearby such as logging activities causing changes indiversity of birds in UiTM Kuala Pilah. Hence, this study aims to compare the checklist of birdwith the previous data due to occurrence of anthropogenic effect nearby and to determinethe recent species richness in UiTM Negeri Sembilan. Methods: Mist nets method is used tocapture the birds. The species of birds are identified at three different sites which are urbanarea, mixed-rural area and forest margin. After the observation, the captured birds aremarked and released at the same site where they are captured. Results: In this study, resultsshowed that mixed-rural area has more species (RI=2.61) compared to urban area (RI=1.86)and forest margin (RI=1.82). This is almost similar with previous studies where mixed-ruralarea has more species (RI=3.41) followed by forest margin (RI=1.44) and urban area (RI=0.36).Conclusion: Overall, the occurrence of anthropogenic effect nearby only affects certainspecies of birds. It is recommended that the person who in charged in logging activities needto replant more trees that can provide benefits to birds and other animals. Besides, it isrecommended to extend the time of bird’s sampling.


Biodiversity

Nanocellulose: Synthesis and Applications in Colloids and Interfaces

Mazlita Y1, H.V. Lee1, Cheng Hock Chuah2


1Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Advance Studies(IAS), University of Malaya, 50603,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Chemistry,University of Malaya, 50603,Malaysia. 3Centre for Excellence Pre-University Studies, INTIInternational College Subang Jaya(IICS), Ss 15, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

Cellulose nanoparticles was successfully isolated from biomass wastes by using organocatalystα-hydroxy acid. Morphological analysis was performed by using field emission electronmicrosopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM results revealed thatthe cellulose nanoparticles with average diameter (D) and length (L) of 25.7±1.9nm and22.2±0.4nm, respectively, which indicated the formation of nano-crystalline structures.Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the non-cellulosicpolysaccharides components were removed during the treatment and the final derivedmaterials composed of cellulose parent molecular structure. The subsurface layer anddetailed structural information of complex nanocellulose based emulsion was analyzed usingconfocal laser scanning microscopy (CLFM) and rheometer. Due to the sustainability and lowenvironmental impact of nanocellulose, nanocellulose based emulsions open opportunitiesfor the development of a new environmentally friendly materials.


Biodiversity

The Effects of Pesticide and Agrochemical Use on Highland Agricultural Areas to River Water Quality and Human Health

Azlini R1, Sharifah Norkhadijah SI1, Suriyani A2, Praveena SM1, Emilia ZA1

[email protected]

1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthSciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2River Basin Research Centre,National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Seri Kembangan, Selangor,Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Rampant land clearing and use of pesticide and agrochemicalsfor agriculture activity on the highland areas have rapidly altered the land use. These havecontinuously deteriorated the river water quality in the area and potential to create healtheffects. This study attempted to investigate the effects of pesticide and agrochemical use onhighland agricultural area to the physicochemical properties and heavy metals distribution inthe river water with the influence of seasonal change. This study also identifies the potentialsources of these metals and the health risk from its exposure via drinking water. Methods:The water quality samples were collected from twenty-eight sampling stations along the riverduring the wet season (September 2017) and dry season (March 2018). The physicochemicalparameters including temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity, DO, salinity, TDS, and TSS weremeasured. The concentration of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn were tested via Inductively CoupledPlasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: Overall mean concentration of all studiedmetals were significantly higher during wet season compared to dry season. The metalsdistribution pattern was high in the downstream area. The potential sources of pollution werefrom the agriculture activity mainly from the agriculture phosphate fertilizer andagrochemical. Other factors such as landslides, land clearance and soil erosion also act as thepotential source of heavy metals in the area. The health risk for non-carcinogenic metals inadult and children were within an acceptable risk. However, the carcinogenic risk wassignificant for Cd among adult (male: 3.05 x 10-3, female: 2.97 x 10-3) and children (4.91 x 10-3). Conclusion: Metals concentration were higher in wet season than dry season and themetals were concentrated in the downstream area. There is a potential carcinogenic risk of Cdthrough drinking water in the study area.


Biodiversity

Morphological and Meristical Study on Rice Bugs Leptocorisa Oratorius (Fabricius, 1764) at the Paddy Fields in Kuala Pilah and Bahau

Norjasmin Hussin1, Izzati Adilah Azmir2

[email protected]

1Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Kampus Kuala Pilah, Pekan Parit Tinggi, 72000, NegeriSembilan. 2Department of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Kampus KualaPilah, Pekan Parit Tinggi, 72000, Negeri Sembilan.

The major pest found at paddy field is rice bugs, from genus Leptocorisae, Leptocorisaoratorius as they feeds on the panicle of the rice. Leptocorisae bug usually found in the paddyfield and lowland grass areas according to their adaptations. There were 308 individuals ofLeptocorisa oratorius (Hemiptera: Alydidae) collected from two different areas in selectedpaddy field of Kuala Pilah; Kampung Kuala Serdang and Kampung Lonek. High abundance of L.oratorius was found in milking stage of paddy compared to soft dough stage can help warnthe farmers and create awareness towards the well-being paddy. A total of sevenmorphometric characteristics measurements were measured and four meristic characteristicswere observed using dissecting microscope. The L. oratorius can easily identified based theirspots on the abdomen at ventral-lateral, and spot behind the compound eye where thisfeature was not seen in any other Leptocorisae. All the characters were found significantlydifference (P<0.05) except for the antenna and hindlegs. Besides, the standard error ofmorphometric characteristics show the lower value as there is slightly difference in bodylength and the wings between two sampling sites. Higher number of L. oratorius presence atmilking stage paddy field will jeopardize the paddy yield if they are in high abundance.Therefore, this research can be more interesting if the location is more than two paddy fieldsand using PCR methods. This is because PCR is more accurate and can determine the DNA ofL. oratorius.


Biodiversity

Intertidal Spatial Surface Water Physicochemical Properties and Heavy Metals Assessment in a Tropical River Estuary

Umi Raihana AR, Sharifah Norkhadijah SI, Karmegam K, Nor Eliani E

[email protected]

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthSciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Estuaries are important to human as places of navigation,locations for towns and cities, and water sources for domestic, industrial, agriculture andaquaculture. Many economic activities are concentrated in estuaries and coastal regionswhere wastewater treatment plants, heavy industry or trade shipping can provide directsources of contaminants into the estuary. The objectives of this study is to assess thephysicochemical properties and heavy metals availability in the surface water of KemamanEstuary. Methods: Surface water of thirty sampling stations along Kemaman and Chukai River(upstream) to the estuary mouth (downstream) were sampled during high and low tide.Samples were analysed using in-situ multi-parameter probe and ICP-MS. Results: In theestuary, the pH values were alkaline, conductivity, salinity and total dissolved solid valueswere higher downstream (estuary mouth) during high tide compared to low tide. However,dissolved oxygen values were higher upstream (river) during high tide and lower upstreamduring low tide. Copper was the highest element detected during high tide (94.87 µg/l)followed by Chromium (Cr) (54.98 µg/l) whereas cadmium (Cd) (15.41 µg/ l), Zinc (34.05 µg/ l)and lead (1907.03 µg/l) were higher during low tide. Conclusion: Spatially, all physicochemicalproperties were higher during high tide except for DO. Meanwhile for heavy metals, theconcentration levels were Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>Cd during high tide and Pb>Cr>Cu>Zn>Cd during lowtide.


Biodiversity

Biochar From Biomass for Potential Applications

Selvarajoo A1

[email protected]

1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science andEngineering, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Abundant biomass are readily available especially in agriculturalnation. Sources of biomass include wood waste, corn stover, paddy straw, empty fruit bunchand many others. Biomass or agricultural wastes can be converted into biochar through athermal conversion process called pyrolysis. Methods: Biomass is heated to high temperaturewithout the presence of oxygen which produces solid product (biochar) along withcombustible gases (syngas) and liquid (bio-oils). The physical and chemical properties of thebiochar depends on the feedstock characteristics and also the operating conditions like thetemperature, heating rate and residence time. Results: Biochar produced from biomass hasmany applications. Biochar can be used as a source of alternative energy since biomass isrenewable. In water and soil remediation, biochar can be used as an adsorbent to treat heavymetal contamination. In the agricultural field, biochar can be applied in soil to preventnutrient leaching and improve soil fertility to increase crop yield. Biochar is also help inclimate change mitigation as it can act as carbon sequester when applied and stored in thesoil. Conclusion: Conversion of biomass to biochar maximize wastes utilization as it hasbenefits in many applications. This also favors in proper waste management and reduce thewastes that ends up in landfill.


Biodiversity

Understanding Of Silicon Nutrient Applications In Controlling Fusarium Fruit Rot Disease Of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Glamour

Nur Azlin Azhari1,2, Chong S. Leng2 , Xiaolei Jin3 and Siti Nordahliawate M. Sidique2

[email protected]

1Kolej Komuniti Selandar, Jalan Batang Melaka, 77500 Selandar, Melaka, Malaysia. 2Laboratoryfor Pest, Disease and Microbial Biotechnology (LAPDiM), Faculty ofFisheries and Food Science,Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,Terengganu, Malaysia.3Department ofBiological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.

Fusarium fruit rot (FFR) caused by Fusarium species is a potentially devastating diseaseconsequently, as one of limiting factor in production of cucurbit as it interrupts the plant andfruit development. Thus, this study aims to identify the pathogen along with diseasemanagement control using silicon in order to prevent a possible dispersion of FFR that couldcause important economic losses. Samples of melon fruits showing FFR symptoms werecollected around Peninsular Malaysia and Fusarium species were isolated. Only 21 purecultures were selected for inoculation onto healthy host of cv. Glamour for confirmation ofpathogenicity. The most virulence isolates were used for silicon (Si) studies (in differentconcentration) by in vitro and in vivo to further understanding its benefit in controlling FFRdisease. Results had confirmed 95 isolates of Fusarium were morphologically identified asFusarium oxysporum (52%), F. proliferatum (21%) and F. solani (27%). The pathogenicity testsshowed severe rotting symptom caused by F. oxysporum and F. solani whereas, F. proliferatumonly showed mild infection. Results showed that Si had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) retard themycelial growth of all Fusarium species compared to control for in vitro study while for in vivo,sample from untreated plant (control) showed that the fruit became highly severe by FFRpathogen (DSI 4; >76% and rotting). Results were promising for fruit from treated plant asno visible FFR symptoms on fruit treated with 2.5% Si (v/v) for all three Fusarium species.Overall, the effects of Si on controlling FFR caused by Fusarium species on melon showed apromising potential towards disease control and also fruit quality on Cucurbitaceae. Hence,silicon may provide as an alternative approach in controlling plant diseases since growingconcern on food safety corresponding foodborne diseases and risk of toxic contamination inagriculture.


Biodiversity

Heavy Metals in the Estuarine Water, Sediment and Aquatic Biota and its Potential Health Risk

Syukriah Mohamad1, Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail1, Emilia Zainal Abidin1, Zulfa HananAsha’ari2

[email protected]

1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthSciences. Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department ofEnvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Land use and anthropogenic activities are one of the drivers thatsignificantly worsen the estuarine environment which lead to heavy metals contamination.The study examined heavy metals concentrations (Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb) in water, sediment andoyster from Muar river estuary, in Johor, Malaysia and its potential health risk. Methods:Water and sediment samples were collected from 30 stations. Water samples were filteredand preserved with Nitric Acid (HNO 3 ) to maintain the pH<2 before metals analysis.Meanwhile, sediments samples were dried, sieved and digested usingEthylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) single extraction method and oyster samples weredried, grinded and digested with Aqua regia method prior to analysis. Heavy metals analysiswas determine using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: Theestuarine water pH was ranged between 4.20 to 7.32 during the high tide and 4.13 to 6.38during low tide. Salinity (ppt) was in the range of 15.73 to 0.10 ppt during high tides and 10.70to 0.10 during the low tide. Meanwhile Dissolved oxygen (DO) was detected at 4.89 to 156.50mg/L during high tide and 3.40 to 4.92 mg/L during low tide. Total Dissolve Solids (TDS) wasranged between 156.50 to 18,734.90 mg/L during high tide and 158.30 to 17,569.90 mg/Lduring low tide. Trace metals was found in water during high tide with the highestconcentration of Pb (0.075 mg/L) followed by Cd (0.073 mg/L), Cu (0.068 mg/L), Zn (0.063mg/L) and Cr (0.021 mg/L). The highest concentration of trace metals during low tide was Pb(0.116 mg/L) followed by Cd (0.057 mg/L), Cu (0.040 mg/L), Zn (0.039 mg/L) and Cr (0.019mg/L). Meanwhile, for sediment the highest concentrations of metals found in the followingorder of; Zn (27.97 mg/L) > Pb (12.96 mg/L) > Cu (2.31 mg/L) >Cr (0.30 mg/L) > Cd (0.14mg/L). Four elements i.e. Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were detected in oyster samples. Health riskanalysis of individual heavy metals in oyster flesh indicated safe level for general populationwith hazard quotient according to the size of oyster; cocktail (Cu: 1.04 x 10 -3 , Zn: 1.48 x 10 -3

), small (Cu: 1.74 x 10 -3 , Zn: 2.46 x 10 -3 ) and large (Cu: 1.12 x 10 -2 , Zn: 3.41 x 10 -2 ). In termsof total target hazard quotients show the unlikely for chronic risk to occur (HI cocktail : 2.53 x10 -3 ; HI small : 4.20x10 -3 ; HI large : 4.53 x 10 -2 ) and the lifetime cancer risk LCR Cd (cocktail:1.68 x 10 -9 , small: 3.44 x 10 -9 , large: 9.30 x 10 -9 ) and LCR Pb (small: 2.89 x 10 -8 ; large: 1.42x 10 -7 ) was within the acceptable threshold (<10 -6 ). Conclusion: Heavy metals detected inthe estuarine water, sediment and aquatic biota were within the acceptable threshold healthrisk value.


Biodiversity

Bioprospecting of High Lipid and Carotenoid Microalgae from Peninsular Malaysia

Malinna Jusoh1,2, Katayama T3, Takahashi K3, Effendy MAW2,4

[email protected]

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 KualaNerus, Malaysia. 2Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030,Kuala Nerus, Malaysia. 3Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University ofTokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. 4Faculty of Fisheries and Food Sciences,Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia.

Microalgae are microscopic organism with numerous great potential. They are considered as apromising resource for high value substances namely lipid of polyunsaturated fatty acids andantioxidant carotenoids. To date, only few microalgal strains have been commerciallycultivated and prospecting for new, robust and fast-growing microalgae with high valuesubstances is essential to meet the market demand. In this study, about 200 microalgaestrains were isolated from various sampling stations across Peninsular Malaysia. Axenicculture of these strains were then subjected to first round screening using Nile Redfluorescent dye and examined the optical density at 685 nm. From the results, nine strainshaving highest fluorescence intensity were chosen and tested for high-cell density cultureusing 1.4 L bubble column reactors. Several potential strains with the ability to grow for high-cell density culture were subjected to second round screening using GC and HPLC for accuratequantification of fatty acids and carotenoids, respectively. Results showed that two microalgaestrains having highest fucoxanthin, EPA, and DHA content and highest lipid and carotenoidproductivity were chosen as candidates for large-scale production. Further investigation tooptimize environmental conditions for growth and high value substances of these selectedmicroalgae to improve their viability as candidates for large-scale production will also bediscussed.


Biodiversity

The Response of Root Growth of Rice (Oryza Sativa) on Trichoderma Asperellum SL2 Inoculation.

Wan Nur Wanida Wan Saimi1, Che Radziah Che Mohd Zain2

[email protected]

1School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, NationalUniversity of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Biotechnology andNanotechnology, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 43400 Serdang,Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Trichoderma asperellum SL2 known as a beneficial fungusbecause consists of mechanism that can improve the response of root growth of rice plantsand have the ability and mechanisms to prevent the growth of pathogens in the growth of riceplants. In this study, the effectiveness of the fungus Trichoderma asperellum SL2 in ricevarieties tested on MRQ 74 and Taipei 309. The findings showed inoculation of the fungusTrichoderma asperellum SL2 working to improve the response of root growth of rice throughthe reading of root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root volume and the amount ofwater intake by roots. Methods: All these parameters are measured using measuring tape androot weight weighed using scales and data analysis using the comparative method. Results:The five parameters showed different readings for the samples of treated and control in whichthe treated samples with Trichoderma asperellum SL2 showed a higher reading for bothvarieties and for varieties MRQ 74, the reading showed a difference of significance betweensamples of treated and control for the parameter root length and weight roots wet. Bothvarieties tested by inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum SL2 respectively showed nosignificant value and concluded that the fungus does not affect the type of variety as well asits use is suitable for all varieties of rice. Conclusion: We conclude that the beneficial fungusTrichoderma asperellum SL2 can be used as a biological control agent and an agent forpromoting rice for all varieties of rice in Malaysia.


Biodiversity

Organic Oxidation by Plasma Micro/Nanobubble in Water

Anto Tri Sugiarto1, Hilman Syaeful Alam1, Adi Waskito1


1Technical Instrumentation Division, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia.

Recently, plasma discharge in water was found as an innovative method for wastewatertreatment. Oxidation of organic compound using plasma discharge with bubble in water waspresent in this paper. The characteristics of plasma micro/nanobubbles and the effect ofbubble on the radical formation and organic oxidation was investigated. In this studied,various gas (O 2 , Ar, He) bubble was injected to the plasma discharge region in water. In caseof organic oxidation, oxygen and ozone gas was injected into plasma discharge region tooxidize formalin oxidation in water. As results, it was shown that plasma discharge formationwas affected by bubble gas type. Plasma discharge with long filamentary streamer was shownin wide region in case of oxygen gas bubble. Plasma discharge with oxygen gas bubble, anumber of bubbles with micrometer and nanometer size are generated inside the water. Incase of organic oxidation, ozone gas alone was not worked for formalin oxidation. However,ozone gas bubble injected into plasma discharge region was shown to be effective in formalinoxidation (Figure). This is because, Micro/nanobubble active species (ozone and hydroxylradicals) generated during the plasma discharge in water. These micro/nanobubble activespecies play an important in formalin oxidation. As conclusion, Plasma discharge in watergenerated micrometer and nanometer size bubble with or without gas bubble. Plasmadischarge formation in water was affected by injected bubble gas type. Micrometer andnanometer size active species bubble was generated during the plasma discharge and play animportant role in organic oxidation process.


Biodiversity

Figure. Formalin oxidation using plasma discharge with oxygen and ozone gas bubble

Enriched Gamification and Game-Based Learning (EGGBL) in Toxicology: Impact on Instructions, Flow, Engagement, Immersion and Mindful Learning

Cheema, M. S.

[email protected]

Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti PutraMalaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: The challenge in the current teaching and learning process oftoxicology and as with most other medical and health sciences courses is the dependency onmemorization and factual recalling (rote learning). This tends to lead to poor learningexperience and environment that does not challenge students’ critical and creative thoughtprocesses. Gamification and game-based learning (GGBL) is an approach that motivatesstudent’s learning through engagement via video game design, game elements, game-basedthat has been used in variety of settings. The use of GGBL in medical and health sciencescourses is therefore an avenue worth exploring. Methods: An enriched gamification andgame-based learning (EGGBL) design in toxicology was created with the aim to provide aparadigm shift in the teaching and learning process of toxicology. The EGGBL module wasdesigned to include several gamification and game-based learning activities with integratedapproaches that emphasises on instructions and flow that encourages engagement,immersion and mindful learning. Results: The EGGBL provides an original and valuable vehiclefor creativity learning. In addition, the incorporated rewards, free choices, feedbacks, andassessment enhances goal achievement, self-determination, and mindful learning. From ourobservation, throughout the module, students learn from each other and collaborate,fostering peer-to-peer learning. These serious game environment elicits deeper and mindfullearning and allows students to feel ownership over their learning that encourages knowledgeacquisition. Conclusion: This EGGBL environment can promote learning and motivation,providing it includes features that prompt learners to actively process the educationalcontent.


Social Sciences & Humanities

Creative Branding Exercise to Connect Diversified Regional Science Outreach

Bakar MB1, Chan YS2, Veloo KV3, Ali F4, Low SC5, Setu SA1, Su’ait MS6, Lee HL7

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University,Sarawak, Malaysia. 3Faculty of Agro based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus,Kelantan, Malaysia.4Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering,International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 5School of ChemicalEngineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. 6Solar Energy ResearchInstitute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. 7School of Chemical Sciences,Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Science outreach is vital to nurture student’s interest byemphasizing interactive science learning, attractive experiences and fostering the knowledgeenrichment. By virtue of a national-based yet representing global organization, AmericanChemical Society Malaysia Chapter (ACSMalaysia) must seek an inclusive outreachparticipation across the nation. Thus, several regional-based initiatives are usually conductedto reach the targeted audiences with diversified activities. Nevertheless, all activities shouldbe endorsed as a concerted project and being connected to produce the impactful record,pulling together all the resources, to ease the promotion and enhancing the visibility.Methods: Two methods have been identified to achieve these objectives; implying standardprotocol and boosting the branding exercise. These methods were employed during therecent ACSMalaysia outreach project. Initially, the project leaders were identified according tothe respective regions. The activities were then proposed corresponding to the localizedneeds such as by creating new avenue or leveraging the well-established festival.Consequently, standardization protocols were implied such as by having commonquestionnaire for the volunteers and participants. As for the branding purpose, all the regionalevents were aligned with the common name ‘Chemistry ODySSeY’. This name is also proposedthrough co-branding approach by leveraging the International Year of Periodic Table.Meanwhile as the marketing tactic, all the volunteers with various background were dubbedas the CHEMbassadors. Results: By implementing all these strategies, the diversified eventswere conveniently promoted as one project, and the systematized activities were successfullyconducted across the regions. Likewise, the high-impact outcomes can be easily coordinatedin which assists the further documentation and publication. Conclusion: In providing acontextualized and localized science outreach project, diversified activities should beconducted in which can be connected by exercising branding strategy.



Ethical Behavior in Classroom Learning of Cambodian College Student: Case Study at the Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia

LAY Neary

[email protected]/[email protected]

Maha Vithei Preah Norodom, South Campus, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Education plays a crucial role to empower people thoughts, to present their professionalism,to be more socialized, and more. A few reasons are indicated the usefulness of schooling tolearners. First, it enables them to ask instructor for clarification after going through a bunch ofreading assignments. Moreover, classroom teacher will guide students while they are unclearthrough referring to other related sources. As a result, they are getting closer and morecommunicable. Third, it allows students to be more critical who will often do comparativeresearch which sets a habit of life- long learning. Compare to high school, college students arebusier and more independent. They are more mature; however, they need counselling. Forexample, making a study plan, as there are lots of homework, presentation, discussion,projects, and many others. It wise to prioritize the most urgent tasks. At this stage, they hadchanged their personality. Lucky them, if students can adapt to the change, they continue towork with their classmates and communicate instructors, so they might fulfill their dream tograduate within a period or somehow they are being employed. Yet, most colleges studentsare struggling even they try harder, there is less improvement which leads to demotivation. Asa result, they misbehave in class including being often absent and careless, come late, andplagiarize. The research is limited to undergraduate full time students in a term 2019;preferably freshmen and senior. Also, full-time instructors had been purposively selected, sothey can provide all inputs related to the impacts of classroom behavior and strategies topromote learning attitude. It is a combination of qualitatively and quantitatively designed.Questions are orderly written and well organized which allows participants to answeraccordingly. The statistic is only used to identify the problems and getting the solutions, whichis not covered the whole population.



Talent Optimization and Technology Innovation in Gig Economy: EmpoweringMompreneurs in Malaysia

Mageswari K1, Manjeet Kaur2, Shamuni K3

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

1,3Department of Business Studies, New Era University College, Kajang, Selangor. 2Departmentof Economics & Finance, Sunway University, Selangor.

Gig economy draws a large attention of self-employed women through online businessplatforms with technology innovation. The flexible mode and acceptance level oftechnological advancement of using app and social media have driven them to adventure intoa new businesses like Uber, Airbnb, Grab, Food Panda, Task Rabbit and others. Thisdevelopment allows talented women who had left the Malaysian workforce due to variousreasons, to find a new source of income and make a pathway to contribute to nation progress.Gig economy among Malaysian self-employed women is in an upward trend. Therefore, thisstudy aims to explore the talent optimization and technology innovation in the gig economyamong Malaysian Mompreneurs. Mompreneur is a small-scale online businesswoman who isbalancing between family and business. The study employed a qualitative research methodwhereby a purposive sampling technique and semi-structured online interview was selectedto gain a detailed perspective. 20 participants were participated through social media such asFacebook (social association group like Caring Moms Malaysia). The result revealed fourthematic outcomes, namely, financial freedom, optimising skillsets, sisterhood support andsocial media knowledge. Interestingly, this study has improved the returning women talentgap in the Malaysian workforce as well as minimised the effect of V-Curve. It has directlycontributed to Malaysian Women Empowerment program by the government.



Identifying the Determinants that Promote Scientists’ Participation in Conventional and Modern Media

Keng TE, Cheng MY, Hen KW

[email protected]

Faculty of Accountancy and Management, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar SungaiLong, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Science communication plays an important role in scienceengagement with the public. As subject experts, scientists are regarded as key influencers inpublic perception about pertinent science issues such as radioactive energy, geneticallymodified food, and antibiotic abuse. To date, scientists’ participation in conventional andmodern media seems sporadic. By identifying common determinants, promotion campaigncan target motivating factors that resonate most with scientists. Hence, this exploratory studygathered subject experts’ opinion about their perceived importance of sciencecommunication in Malaysia and factors which motivate scientists’ participation inconventional and modern media. The objective is to identify determinants contributing to theuse of conventional and modern media by scientists for science communication. Methods: 26interviews with early-career researchers, science journalists, and communicators from diverseexpertise were conducted, recorded and transcribed. The analysis was performed in threestages: keyword search, sentiment trend, and determinant identification. Results: Allrespondents agreed that communicating science is important, and they are positive aboutengaging the non-expert public about science and their research. Face-to-face is mostpreferred, followed by lectures, journal articles, mass media, and social media. Formalchannels are preferred, compared to less formal social media. However, thispreference is dueto their familiarity and perceived suitability. Social media is acknowledged to be both useful toengage larger audience and easy to use. Personal motivation and appreciation by the publicare the primary motivating factors. Lack of time, credentials, support and fear of engaging thepublic are the limiting factors. Conclusion: Determinants identified gave insights on means toimprove scientist participation in science communication. The correlations to behaviouralintention and effect size of identified determinants can be assessed in terms of validity andreliability via quantitative analysis using a larger sample population.



Dissecting the Genomic Profile of Persistently Infecting Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus (NDVpi) from Cancer RNA-Seq Data

Ahmad U1, Chan SC2, Chau D1, Abdullah S1,3, Yusoff K5, Veerakumarasivam A1,4

[email protected]

1Medical Genetics Laboratory, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Facultyof Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,Malaysia. 2School of Foundation Studies, Perdana University, MAEPS Building, MARDIComplex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Institute of Bioscience,Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 4Department of BiologicalSciences, Sunway School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti,Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia. 5Virology Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology andBiomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a natural oncolytic virus withnon-segmented negative single stranded ssRNA (−) genome of 15kb in size that contains sixgenes which encodes six major structural proteins arranged in the sequence order of 3’-NP- P-M-F-HN-L-5’. It selectively replicate and kills many different human cancer cells; however, ithas been found to persistently infect a subset of bladder cancer cells that resist NDV-mediated oncolysis. This study aims to utilise bioinformatics tools to analyse genome of theestablished NDV persistently infected TCCSUP bladder cancer cells obtained from RNA-Seqexperiment. Methods: Transcriptome profiles of TCCSUP bladder cancer cell lines persistentlyinfected with oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) AF2240 strain were generated intriplicate by deep sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2000. Reads were then aligned to a humangenome reference hg19 using HISAT2 and BAM files containing the viral and human sequenceswere generated. To separate these data from each other, we concatenated the correspondingreference genomes (human + viral) and map the reads against this concatenated referencegenome. The viral and human reads were separated to obtain their individual BAM files.Integrative Genomic Viewer (IGV) software was then used to visualize the viral BAM file andmanually inspected to detect any mutations in the viral sequences. Results: Spanning andinspecting through the viral genome (3’-NP-P-M-F-HN-L- 5’) in IGV identified many bases thatdo not match the viral reference sequence a highlighted by different colours as well as lowquality bases that were mostly semi-transparent and faint. Three different nucleotide changeswere identified at nucleotide position 359AdelC (deletion) and 1,653C->T in the regionencoding for the viral NP protein, and 3,338CinsT (insertion) in the region encoding for Mprotein. In addition, there was insertion of GGG bases detected in the P gene at 2,290bpposition. The alignments also demonstrated viral genome truncations that were mapped tonucleotide positions from 8,263 to 8,390 in the HN protein and nucleotide positions from6,203 to 6,342 in the L protein regions respectively. Conclusion: Changes in nucleotidesequences of the viral genome may have significant impact on the development ofpersistence infection in bladder cancer cells.



Nanocellulose Extracted by Acid Hydrolysis of Isolated Cellulose from SugarcaneBagasse and Coconut Husk Fibre: Structure and Morphology Studies

Nur Athirah Abdullah1, Masita Mohammad1, Mohd Saiful Asmal Rani1, Muhammad Hanif Sainorudin1, Nurul Huda Abd Kadir2, Nilofar Asim1

[email protected]

1Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,Selangor, Malaysia. 2School of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

The most natural, abundant renewable and biodegradable polymers is cellulose. Due to itsunique properties, cellulose in nanometer range or called by nano-cellulose has attractedmuch attention from researchers. Therefore, this cellulose deserves to be appropriately usedto gain its benefit. The aim of this study was to extract nanocellulose from coconut husk fiber(CHF) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) by using acid hydrolysis and compare the structural andmorphological properties of these waste as a source of raw material to producenanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). The nanocellulose were isolated using a combination ofchemical treatments, such as alkaline treatment, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The celluloseused in this study extracted from coconut husk and sugarcane bagasse were hydrolyzed by64% sulfuric acid at 45 °C for 45 minutes. The material obtained after each stage of thetreatments was carefully characterized. Morphological investigation has been characterized byX-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and TransmissionElectron Microscope (TEM). The XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity degree ofnanocellulose was higher than cellulose and the crystallinity increased with successivetreatments. Analysis of FTIR showed that there were not a new bond which formed during thehydrolysis process and it also showed the progressive removal of non-cellulosic constituents.While for TEM analysis, nanocellulose fiber consist of rod-like nanoparticles whereby therewere some nanoparticles agglomerated in the forms of bundles while some of them were wellseparated.


Biodiversity

A Novel Approach on Ionic Liquid-based Cellulose Derivative Biosourced Polymer Electrolytes towards Safer Sodium-Ion Batteries

Rani MSA1, Mohammad M1, Suait MS1, Ahmad A2, Mohamed NS3

[email protected]

1Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,Selangor, Malaysia. 2School of Chemistry Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science andTechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.3Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia.

Carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC (derived from kenaf bast fiber) complexed with sodium acetateand integrated with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [Bmim]Cl are used toprepare biosourced polymer electrolytes via solution cast technique. The highest ionicconductivity of 4.54 × 10 −3 S cm –1 was obtained after introducing 30 wt% of [Bmim]Cl withrespect to the weight of CMC. Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the interactionbetween polymer host with sodium salt and ionic liquid. The chronoamperometry analysisindicated that the charge transport in biopolymer electrolyte system is near-dominated by ionwith sodium transference numbers (t Na+ ) of 0.129. Linear sweep voltammetry result showedthat the electrochemical stability was up to ~2.9 V showing that the biopolymer electrolytewas suitable for practical application in electrochemical devices. Primary sodium batteries ofconfigurations Na/ NaCH 3 COO-30 wt% [Bmim]Cl/ I 2 + C+ electrolyte have been fabricated.


Energy Transition

The Role of Innate Trust and Distrust in Teams

Soh ML1, Lau SSY1, Lee MCC1, Lin MH1

[email protected]

1Department of Psychology, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, JalanUniversiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Trust and distrust are important for teamwork, specifically highertrust has been associated with better work outcomes (i.e., higher job performance andorganizational citizenship behaviors. While trust has been widely explored in the literature,distrust has not). In addition, while the literature has investigated the relationship betweentrust and work outcomes, a more comprehensive picture which includes individual factorsaffecting the decision to trust and distrust is needed to observe their overall relationships. Assuch, our study included two dispositional traits: propensity to trust (PT) and cynicism inpredicating trust and distrust in teams. Propensity to trust (PT) (i.e., a dispositional belief thathumans are reliable and trustworthy) has been suggested to lead to higher trust. In contrast,cynicism (i.e., a negative belief that humans are innately self-motivated) has been suggestedto contribute to higher distrust. Additionally, we explored the interrelations between PT,cynicism, trust, and distrust with team trustworthiness domains (ability, benevolence, andintegrity) as moderators between their relationships. Methods: 254 working adults in teamswere recruited from various organizations in Malaysia. They completed a series ofquestionnaire relating to this study. Results: High PT led to higher trust towards teammembers whereas high cynicism predicted higher distrust towards team members.Trustworthiness did not moderate the PT-trust, PT-distrust, and cynicism-trust relationship.Only benevolence and integrity moderated the relationship between cynicism and distrusttowards team members. Specifically, high integrity buffered the relationship between cynicismand distrust towards team but the relationship is enhanced under low integrity. Surprisingly,high benevolence strengthened the relationship between cynicism and distrust towards teambut the relationship is dampened under low benevolence. Conclusion: The findings confirmedthat PT and cynicism are associated with trust and distrust respectively. The results alsosuggest that benevolence and integrity have important role in assessment of organizationaldistrust.



Metabolites Profiling and Biological Activities 0f Extracts from Wild and Cultivated Mushroom, Lignosus Rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden

Muhammad Syazwan Syafiq Shamsuddin1, Ru Angelie Edrada-Ebel2, Hazniza Adnan3, Jalifah Latip4, Vikineswary Sabaratnam5,6, Masro Mohamad1 and Nurkhalida Kamal1*

[email protected]

1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya,Persiaran Bestari, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy andBiomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UnitedKingdom. 3Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), PersiaranMARDI-UPM, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia. 4School of Chemical Sciences and FoodTechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43650 UKMBangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 5Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. 6Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, KualaLumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden or known as tiger milkmushroom is one of the potent and unique medicinal mushrooms and being regards as the“National Treasure”. This mushroom has been used extensively among the locals in Malaysiaas tonic and choice of medicine to treat various illnesses including fever, coughs, asthma,wound healing, breast cancer and stomach cancer. Previous genomic study of L. rhinocerotissclerotium revealed the presence of biosynthetic enzymes including six sesquiterpenesynthases (STSs), one non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), and a polyketide synthase(PKS). However, there is still lacking information on metabolites identification from thismushroom. Methods: In this study, the metabolites from acetonic and methanolic extract ofL. rhinocerotis from different environments, wild and cultivated were profiled using varioustypes of chemical analysis. The biological activities including antioxidant, antibacterial andantifungal activities also were tested. Results: Metabolites profiling study utilising varioustypes of chemical analysis including phytochemical screening, Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography MassSpectrometry (HR-LCMS) displayed valuable information on understanding the type ofmetabolites produced by this mushroom that derived from different environments.Conclusion: Terpenes and polyketides are among known compounds that are putativelyidentified in the extracts and the chemical structures will be presented. These results suggestan efficient strategy to the dereplication of plant natural products.



K.alvarezii Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in A Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Mahani Mahadi1,2, Zolkapli Eshak1, Ainina Nur Mahadi2, Aida Hamimi Ibrahim3, Fauziah Othman4

[email protected]

1Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti TeknologiMARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department ofPharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari,63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Department of Food Sciences and Technology,Malaysian Agricultural and Research Development Institute (MARDI), 43400 Serdang,Selangor, Malaysia. 4International Medical School, Management and Science University (MSU),University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Healthy diet is one of the best approaches to lower the risk ofmetabolic syndrome. Therefore, a diet rich in functional food is reported to be able to reducemetabolic syndrome and prevent progression of cardiovascular disease. Kappaphycus alvarezii(K.alvarezii), is a local red seaweed, rich in bioactive compound and soluble fibre claimed toconfer health benefit in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease. Hence, this study investigatesthe beneficial effect of K.alvarezii in improving body weight, blood pressure, total cholesterollevel, blood glucose level and limit the presence of non-alcoholic fatty lipid liver disease(NAFLD) in a rat model of high sodium-high fat diet (HSFD)-induced metabolic syndrome.Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with prepared HSFD for 10 weeks, wherethe control rats were fed with standard chow diet. Diet supplemented with 5% and 10% (w/w)of K.alvarezii was administered for the last 4 weeks of the research experiment. Results:Significant increase in body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose and total cholesterol wereobserved in HSFD-induced rats when compared with control group (p<0.05). Meanwhile,histological examination reveals abundance accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm,hepatocytes ballooning, and disrupted hepatic cords in the liver of induced rats marks thepresence of NAFLD. Rats supplemented with 5% and 10% K. alvarezii showed significantreduction in body weight, normalized blood pressure, blood glucose and total cholesterolcompared with HSFD-induced rats (p<0.05). Attenuates accumulation of lipid droplet, intacthepatocytes and single hepatic cord were observed in seaweed supplement group limit thepresence of NAFLD. Conclusion: This study suggests that supplementation of K.alvarezii mayhave health benefits by minimizing the cardiovascular complication of metabolic syndrome,alleviating its symptom an limiting the presence of NAFLD.



Oral highlights OH1B


Walkability of Baguio City

Amansec Z1, Ariaga K1, Balanag E1, Black M1, Endrano F1, Lauriano E1, Paltongan M1, Pidlaoan J1, Quilala R1, Singh M1

[email protected]

1Saint Louis University - Laboratory High School - Senior High, Baguio City Philippines,

Walking is the main transport mode of humans. It is a great way to improve or maintain one’soverall health. It could be an alternative form of urban mobility and at the same time a goodform of exercise and recreational activity. Walking does not also leave so much carbonfootprint as compared to using cars and other vehicles. With the deteriorating state of urbanspaces dedicated to pedestrians (footpaths, pavements etc.) and increasing volume of cars inthe streets, encouraging people to walk through the result of a study on walkability of urbanareas is very timely. Baguio City just like any other cosmopolitan areas with a fast-growingpopulation, is faced with traffic challenges that affects the quality of life of its inhabitants. Justrecently, Baguio City’s Ordinance Number 65 Series of 2019 states that Session Road which isone of the main roads in the city, will be on partial closure every Sundays starting August 18,2019 and will continue for six months. To assess the soundness of this ordinance, thisdescriptive study explored the possibility of a walkable Baguio City through a walkability scalefrom the perspective of its residents.



Perception on the Adoption of Food Delivery Mobile Applications Among University Students in Selangor, Malaysia

Iliani A1*, Murphy J3, Abdullah Rusli4, and Ismail AF2

[email protected]

1,2Department of Food Service and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Technology,University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Center of TourismStudies, University of Eastern Finland, 4Faculty of Computer Science and InformationTechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Recently, the proliferations of mobile applications diffusion are observed in a very fast pace,responding to the consumers demands to facilitate their mobile needs. The diffusion occursacross industries including food service industry. The food service industry aims to deliver thebest moments of truth - both in terms of best services and outstanding food experiences – areinevitable to join in the competitive mobile application businesses. Food mobile applicationplatforms such Food Panda, Grab Food and many more are the manifestation fromconsumers’ demands for such services that could simplify their food craving needs. Theinnovation offers alternatives to consumers to have more menu options, at the considerableprice and convenient time. Therefore, the infancy level of food mobile applications diffusion inthis industry, this study aims to determine the factors - convenience, price, trust and design –that influencing the behaviour intentions of using food delivery mobile applications amonguniversity students in Selangor, Malaysia. A quantitative research was conducted with 400questionnaires were distributed among university students in Serdang, Bangi and Cyberjaya,Selangor, Malaysia. The results observed significant relationships between convenience, price,trust and design factors influencing behaviour intentions of using food delivery mobile apps,with design factor determined as the strongest relationship with behaviour intention(r=0.531), followed by the convenience (r=0.413), trust (r=0.354) and price (r=0.325). Inconclusion, the study contributes in providing an early understanding on the perceptions andbehaviour intentions towards the food mobile applications adoption among the universitystudents. In addition, the results also assist the industry to comprehend the millennialsconsumers perceptions on the technology in the food service industry. Finally, this study isone of the efforts to assist practitioners in ASEAN community to strategically infuse theinnovation among university niche to gain more market share in that segment.

Keywords: Mobile applications, online food platform, food service, mobile food deliveryapplications, behavior intentions, millennials consumers perceptions



Distinctive Organization of Aliphatic Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides forNon-Optical Detection of Nitrobenzene

Matmin J1, Ghazalli NF2, Jalani MA3, Abdullah F1, Toemen S1

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 JohorBahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia,Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. 3 Kolej GENIUS Insan, Universiti SainsIslam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

In recent years, smart molecules with self-assembly characteristics are crucially developed forrapid and reliable detection of nitrobenzene (NB) due to its explosive properties. Herein, anew NB vapours sensor was introduced based on supramolecular interactions of differentaliphatic benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (BTAs). On the present of NB vapours, we found thatthe rod-like organization of BTA bearing tri-dodecanamide had spontaneously turned intorandom aggregate due to structural deformation. Moreover, BTA bearing tri-decoxy ethyleneglycol was easily bound with the NB vapours for its liquid-phase nature showing highlyhydrophilic characteristics. Interestingly, a gel-like BTA with amphiphilic chains were also likelyto trap the NB vapours on their alkyl side-chains by ‘back-folding’. The non-optical detectionwas sensitively measured by changes in infrared vibration from disappearances of N–Hvibrational peaks at 3233 and 1540 cm-1 and appearance of a new peak at 1478 cm-1 forinactive nitroso group (N–N=O). The response of the vapours sensor was non-reversible andshowed linear response in the concentration range of 0.10–3.0 x 10-5 μm (with R2 = 0.999).More importantly, smart molecular BTAs had been demonstrated as promising chemosensorsfor sensitive and rapid detection of NB vapours by benefiting their distinctive self-assembledorganization especially from the vital presence of supramolecular hydrogen bonding.



Exploring the Adoption of Cashless Payment Application: A Case of Consumers Acceptance at Hawker’s Stall in Bazaar Ramadhan Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Ismail AF2, Abdullah R3, and Izzat A1*

[email protected]

1,2Department of Food Service and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Technology,Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Faculty of ComputerScience and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,Malaysia.

The advancement of Internet and mobile technologies has changed the business landscapeespecially on the e-commerce transactions. Exponential growth of mobile Internetapplications and at the same time, the cashless payment application is gaining more and moreattentions by business operators globally. For instance, e-wallet is one type of cashlesspayment application that is slowly but promisingly gain popularity among consumers inMalaysia. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influencecustomer’s intentions to use cashless payment application services. Bazaar Ramadhan KgBahru was selected because it is the first attempt by the service providers to launch thecashless payment application in large scale at a hawker’s type of foodservice establishment inMalaysia. There were four factors examined in this study that postulated to influence theconsumer behavioural intention namely perceived risk, perceived usefulness, subjective normand attitude. In a nutshell, this study has revealed that there were positive and moderaterelationships among all the factors that reflects the factors are important elements in creatingintention to use e-wallet application. Moreover, attitude (β =0.422) has a larger affect thanperceived usefulness (β=0.267) and perceived risk (β=0.162) that indicating attitude is themain predicting construct in the model. In conclusion, this study contributes to theunderstanding of mobile payment particularly the e-wallet adoption in one of the foodservices segments which is the hawkers stall food establishments. Providing ASEANcommunity are rich with the same food establishments all over the region that make usunique and beautiful, it is about time for the community to enhance the diffusion of cashlessinnovation into the segment. Eventually, it will also inspire more foodservice operators toadapt the mobile payment system to gain competitive advantages in promoting the productand creates purchase intention. This is also part of digitalization of the ASEAN community atlarge that need much considerations by both academics and practitioners.

Keywords: diffusion of innovations, leapfrog effects, Internet implementation, NTOs, E-Food Tourism, ASEAN, food, hospitality and tourism



SMAD2, A Potential Key Genetic Marker Involved in Allergic Rhinitis

Teh KF1, Reginald K1, Chew FT2

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway School of Science and Technology, SunwayUniversity, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia. 2 Department ofBiological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.

Background and Objectives: Allergic diseases affect about quarter of the world’s population.Genetic factors have been shown to have a greater influence on manifestation of allergicconditions compared to environmental factors. However, limited information on allergy-associated susceptibility genes are available. In this study, we aim to identify genetic markersthat are high risk factors of allergic rhinitis (AR) on our local population using genome-wideassociation study (GWAS) and bioinformatics approaches. Methods: The protocols used in thisstudy have been approved by IRB of the National University of Singapore (NUS07-023, NUS10-343) and samples were collected with written consent from participants. GWAS was carriedout on 2146 cases (AR) and 2039 controls (non-AR) of Singapore Chinese individuals toidentify potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AR. Functionalprediction was then carried out using bioinformatics approaches. Results: Six quantitative traitregions were identified from the GWAS analysis. One of these regions, SMAD2 gene, waspredicted to have one SNP at promoter region, which potentially functions as transcriptionfactor binding site, and three SNPs at 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) that could play a role asmicroRNA binding sites. Based on the published gene functions of SMAD2, changes inexpression level of this gene due to the presence of these SNPs could lead to increasedproduction of Th2-type cytokines leads to an inflammatory response as observed in allergicsymptoms. Conclusion: We have identified SMAD2 as a candidate gene that is a risk factor indeveloping allergic symptoms. We are currently conducting functional assays to verify theinvolvement of the SNPs in AR. The four SNPs identified in SMAD2 were unique to SingaporeChinese population as risk factors of AR. A better understanding of the functionality of theseSNPs would improve our understanding of this disease, and aid in the design of more effectivetherapies.

Keywords: Oil Palm Value Chain; Process Systems Engineering; Mathematical Approach;Process Synthesis; Process Optimisation.


HOXA Genes DNA Methylation Profiles In Colorectal Cancer

Ishak M1, Baharudin R1, Saidin S1, Abu N1, Mohamed Rose I2, Mazlan L3, Rahman J1,Ab Mutalib NS1

[email protected]

1UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, National University of Malaysia, JalanYaacob Latiff, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine,UKM Medical Center, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000 Cheras, KualaLumpur, Malaysia. 3Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, NationalUniversity of Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and thesecond leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Malaysia. The HOXA gene cluster is a family ofHomeobox A genes encoding transcriptional regulators that play important roles in cancersusceptibility and progression, therefore, investigation of DNA methylation in HOXA genes among ourCRC patients will unravel new biomarkers for this cancer. Methods: Fifty-five pairs of CRC – adjacentnormal tissues were subjected to Infinium DNA Methylation 450k array. Differentially methylatedregions were identified using the ChAMP Bioconductor and methylation levels of HOXA genes weremanually curated. Results: We identified 144 significantly differentially methylated probes annotatedto HOXA genes. HOXA5 has the highest number of differentially methylated probes (n=49), followedby HOXA3 (n=34) and HOXA2 (n=32). Majority (43%) of the probes were located at the transcriptionstart site (TSS) 1500, which is one of the gene promoter area. In respect to CpG islands (CGI), morethan half of the probes were in the island region (55%). Interestingly, 94% of the loci werehypermethylated, in concordance with other studies which reported downregulation of HOXAexpression. Deregulated HOXA expression influences various aspects of cancer progression, includingproliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell migration, and metabolism. Conclusion: Our work gave adetailed assessment of the DNA methylation pattern of HOXA genes and revealed epigeneticallyregulated candidate genes in CRC carcinogenesis. Specifically, our results provide the first evidence ofHOXA5, HOXA3 and HOXA2 hypermethylation in Malaysian CRC. This is the first insight on the HOXAmethylation profile in Malaysian CRC patients. The new knowledge from this study can be utilized tofurther increase our understanding of CRC methylomics, particularly on the homeobox A genes. Theprognostic and diagnostic roles of the differentially methylated HOXA genes warrant futureinvestigations.


Figure. Differentially methylated HOXA genes in CRC. (A) Number of differentially methylated probes in each HOXA genes. (B) Distribution of methylated loci in HOXA genes with respect to features. (C) Distribution of methylated loci in HOXA genes with respect to CGI.


Identification of Novel Sesamol Dimers with Unusual Methylenedioxy Ring-Opening Skeleton and Evaluation of their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities

Sudtha M1, Ummi Husni Aminah MH2, Weng KK2,3, Mai CW4,5, Leong CO5,6 Noorsaadah AR7, Lo KM8, and Chin FC1*

[email protected]

aNanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia; bDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; cCenter for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery, Universityof Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; dDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School ofPharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; eCentre for Cancer andStem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, InternationalMedical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; fDepartment of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy,International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; gDepartment of Chemistry, Facultyof Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; hResearch Centre for CrystallineMaterials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background: Sesamol is a widely used antioxidant for the food and pharmaceutical industries.The oxidation products of this compound may be accumulated in foods or ingested. Little isknown for their effect on human health.Objective: It is of great interest to identify theoxidation products of sesamol that may be beneficial to human. This study was undertaken toidentify the oxidation products of sesamol and investigate their antioxidant and cytotoxicactivities.Materials and Methods: Using the ferricyanide oxidation approach, four oxidationproducts of sesamol (2, 3, 20 & 21) have been identified. Structural elucidation of thesecompounds was established on the basis of their detailed NMR spectroscopic analysis, massspectrometry and x-ray crystallography. Additionally, a formation mechanism of compound20 was proposed based on high resolution mass spectrometry-fragmentation method. Theantioxidant activities of these compounds were determined by the DPPH, FRAP, and ABTSassays. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of these compounds were evaluated against apanel of human cancer cell lines as well as non-cancerous cells.Results: Two oxidationproducts of sesamol were found to contain an unusual methylenedioxy ring-opening skeleton,as evidenced by spectroscopic and x-ray crystallographic data. Among all compounds, 20displayed impressive antiproliferative activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines yetremained non-toxic to non-cancerous cells. The antioxidant activities of compound 20 wassignificantly weaker than sesamol as determined by the DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays.Conclusion: The oxidation products of sesamol could be a valuable source of bioactivemolecules. Compound 20 may be used as a potential lead molecule for cancer studies.

Keywords: bioactive compounds; structure elucidation; sesamol; oxidation; antioxidant; cytotoxic activity



Screening of antilisterial gene in lactic acid bacteria using nucleic acid amplification

Yap PC1,2, Lee HY1,3, AbuBakar S1,3

[email protected]

1,2Vaccine and Protein Therapeutics Unit, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and EducationCentre (TIDREC), Level 2, High Impact Research Building, University of Malaya, 50603 KualaLumpur, Malaysia. 2Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Background and Objectives: Listeriosis is a severe foodborne disease with high fatality rate inimmunocompromised individuals, caused by listeriolysin O (LLO), produced from Listeriamonocytogenes. It is also contributed to high mortality rate (about 20 to 30%) as compared toother pathogenic microorganisms such as Campylobacter species and Salmonella species. LLOis a pore-forming bacterial toxin which facilitates the escape of Listeria monocytogenes fromthe vacuole of host cell such as phagolysosome and allow their survival and replication incytosol of infected cell. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) had been studied for bacteriocin productionwhich can inhibit other microorganisms and serve as biopreservative. This study is aim toidentify the LAB isolates with antilisterial gene by different primers using polymerase chainreaction method. Methods: 67 isolates from soil, human stool and foods were cultured fromglycerol stock onto MRS agar at 37ºC for 48 hours and their DNA were extracted using boilingmethod. These samples were screened for the antilisterial gene using polymerase chainreaction with 48 primers. Samples with positive result were sent for DNA sequencing toidentify the strain type. Results: Out of 67 isolates, total of nine isolates were found to haveantilisterial genes which are breB, amyL, plnc8A, lcnB, ltnB and mesB. One of the isolates fromstool was found to amplify three different genes. Conclusion: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)is a simple and rapid method to identify the antilisterial gene in various LAB. It is important toidentify the antilisterial gene in LAB as the LAB could be act as a biopreservative applied infood to prevent listerial contamination which may lead to foodborne disease.

Keywords: Oil Palm Value Chain; Process Systems Engineering; Mathematical Approach; Process Synthesis; Process Optimisation.



Natural Plant-Based Nanoformulation: A Modern Rational Design Path in Securing Selective and Efficient Anti-Cancer Activity

Al-Ani LA1, Julkapli NM1, Yehye WA1, Kadir FA2, AlSaadi MA1,3, Hashim NM4,5

[email protected]

1Nanotechnology and Catalysis research centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, Universityof Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicaland Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. 3National Chair of MaterialSciences and Metallurgy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman. 4Department ofPharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.5Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Background and Objectives: The accelerating field of cancer nanomedicine promises for unprecededadvancements. Yet, only a small fraction of fabricated templates progresses for in vivo and clinicaltesting stages. This work has alternatively focused on the recent recommendations and guidelines forrational design of green novel plant-based nanocomposite, holding highest activity-probablestructures. This design-for-purpose approach is then checked with suitable measurements to secure aselective, efficient anti-cancer agent. Methods: Qualitative structure-activity relationship (SAR) designused proposing graphene-gold nanoparticles template with functionalized plant phenol curcumin asanti-cancer drug, synthesized through green one-pot method. Characterization tests were applied, inaddition to anti-oxidant and cancer cytotoxicity and mechanism assays in colon cancer in vitromodel. Results: The novel synthesis method outstandingly employed curcumin in dual roles ofreducing and anti-cancer agent. Electron microscopy revealed an enhanced structure compared totraditional synthesis route. The three-component structure of curcumin-gold nanoparticles-graphene(CAG) secured potent anti-oxidant activity, cancer toxicity, with preserved safety towards normalcolon cells for the entire tested 3 days’ time intervals. Graphene template, as designed andanticipated, successfully secured cellular uptake without membrane damage, which allowedintracellular mechanism and subsequent apoptosis to take place. Conclusion: The sum of dataobtained to date in this research confirms the importance of conducting an objective-suited design foran enhanced final output. As synthesized CAG nanocomposite with its distinctive features holds greatpromise eligible for further research and progress into real life clinical applications.Keywords: Oil Palm Value Chain; Process Systems Engineering; Mathematical Approach; ProcessSynthesis; Process Optimisation.



Characterization of Peptides from Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Various Pathogens with Potential Antimicrobial Activities

Lee HY1, Ayuhan N1,Yap PC1

[email protected]

1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Level 2, High ImpactResearch Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Lactic acid bacteria is widely studied for the various healthbenefits it can confer including antimicrobial activities. The objective of this study is to screenthe lactic acid bacteria isolated from food and environment for antimicrobial activity againstvarious pathogen of health concerns. Methods: Isolation of lactic acid bacteria were carriedout from food and environment. The bacteria were cultured and supernatant was used to testagainst Listeria monocytogenes, Acinetobacter spp., (A. baumannii, A. haemolyticus, A. iwolfii)as well as Baciillus cereus using well-diffusion method. Supernatant of the LAB wascharacterized using MALDI TOF/MS and for protein identification. Results: A total of 395isolates were obtained from the various sources revealed approximately 10% of LAB strainsportrayed high potential antimicrobial activities against the pathogens tested. When cell-freesupernatant was subjected to SDS PAGE, a total of 11 spots were observed and selected forMALDITOF/TOF-MS. Three proteins were found to have potential role in antimicrobialactivities. Conclusion: Lactic acid bacteria strains from this study showed potential asantimicrobial agent.



Evaluation of DNA damage in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups testes following Wi-Fi Exposure: A preliminary report

Siti Fatimah I1, Farah Hanan Fathihah J1, Khairul O2, Chua KH1, Aini Farzana Z1

[email protected]

1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia MedicalCentre, Cheras, 54200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Forensic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Background and Objectives: Exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic field, especiallyradiofrequency (RF) fields used in wireless communications is associated with infertility. Thereis accumulation of evidence on radiation thermal effect but its oxidative damage is stillunclear. This damage would influence reproduction process including the transgenerationalinheritance of mutated paternal DNA. We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of Wi-Fiexposure on the 8-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) expression in male rat pups testes as an animalmodel. Methods: A test group that consists of six male pups were exposed to 2.45 GHz Wi-Fifrequency from a Wi-Fi router daily for 14 weeks against a negative control. The present studyquantitated an 8-OHdG index as an oxidative-induced DNA damage marker from 30seminiferous tubules. Results: This study observed a significant increase in 8-OHdG index levelbetween test and control (p=0.006) Conclusion: Daily exposure of Wi-Fi produced an oxidativedamage to male reproductive tissues. This would reduce the paternal DNA quality andcompromise its reproduction potential.



2, 4, 6-trihydroxy-3-geranylacetophenone (tHGA) Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions and Scratching Behaviour in BALB/c Mice

Vivi Nur Khalieda MK1, Siti Mahirah N2, Ikmal Hisyam B3, Mohd Khairi H1, Daud Ahmad I1, Chau LT1

[email protected]

1Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti PutraMalaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2School of Science, Monash University Malaysia,47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine andHealth Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objective: Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is a skin condition characterisedby dry and itchy skin. 2, 4, 6-trihydroxy-3-geranylacetophenone (tHGA) is an active compoundoriginally found in a local shrub namely Melicope ptelefolia. We had previously reported thatchemically synthesised tHGA was able to prevent allergic airway inflammation or asthma aswell as systemic allergic reactions or anaphylaxis in mice by inhibiting mast cell activation.Since allergies, asthma and AD are collectively known as atopic triad, it is proposed that tHGAmay have therapeutic effect on AD specifically by stabilising mast cells. In this present study,tHGA was used to treat AD-like skin lesions in mice through oral administration. Methods:Thirty-six six-week old male SPF BALB/c mice were acclimatised for one week. To develop AD-like skin lesions, 1% of 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was used to sensitize the mice onday 1. After one week, the mice were challenged with 0.5% DNCB three times per week forfour weeks. The mice were then treated with three doses of tHGA – 20, 40 and 80 mg/kgaccordingly via oral gavage three times per week for two weeks. The scratching behaviour wasobserved and the Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) evaluation was performed on day 33in double blind fashion. Blood and skin samples were collected for further analysis. Results: Itwas found that tHGA at all tested doses (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) were able to decrease thescratching latency of the mice. Meanwhile the SCORAD evaluation revealed that, only 80mg/kg of tHGA significantly improved the AD-like skin lesions. Conclusion: Our data showedthat oral administration of tHGA was able to decrease the scratching latency and improve AD-like skin lesions. With these results, it showed that tHGA may be a potential treatment inalleviating atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions. However, further studies have to be performedby analysing the blood and skin samples of the experimental mice using ELISA and histologicalanalysis, before any conclusion can be made.

Keywords: 2, 4, 6-Trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone, DNCB, Atopic Dermatitis, mast cell stabilizer. Acknowledgement: This study is funded by Geran Putra Berimpak (UPM/800-3/3/1/GPB/9657600) under Universiti Putra Malaysia.



The relationship between bone-related peptides and trabecular bone microstructure in a metabolic syndrome-induced bone loss rat model

Wong SK1, Chin KY1, Ima-Nirwana S1

[email protected]

1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, JalanYaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease mainly caused bythe imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption processes. The alteration in theexpression of bone-related peptides affects the tightly-coupled bone remodelling. In thisstudy, we aimed to investigate the correlation between expression of bone-related peptidesand bone phenotype assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in a rat model ofbone loss induced by metabolic syndrome. Methods: We evaluated a total of 42 rats fromseven experimental groups (n=6/group), namely baseline, normal, high-carbohydrate high-fat(HCHF) diet+corn oil, HCHF diet+60 mg/kg palm tocotrienol (pT3), HCHF diet+100 mg/kg pT3,HCHF diet+60 mg/kg annatto tocotrienol (AnT3) and HCHF diet+100 mg/kg AnT3. Thetreatment was orally supplemented to the animals starting from week 8 until week 20. Thebone microstructure of animals was assessed using micro-CT. The expression of bone peptideswas measured using magnetic multiplex immunoassay. We evaluated the association betweenvariables of interest using Pearson’s correlation for normally distributed data and Spearman’scorrelation for not normally distributed data. Results: There was a positive correlationbetween bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) as well as betweentrabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)or fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23). Trabecular number (Tb.N) was negatively correlatedwith parathyroid hormone (PTH), Dickkopf related protein-1 (DKK-1) and FGF-23. Forconnectivity density (Conn.D), it was found to be negatively correlated with PTH, DKK-1,sclerostin (SOST) and FGF-23. Conclusion: The trabecular bone microstructure may changeaccording to the expression of bone peptides in bone. Low level of PTH, DKK-1, SOST, FGF-23,RANKL and high level of OPG favour a better bone quality.



Oral Health related Behaviour among Yemenis School Adolescents Living in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ranjit De Alwis1, Aeman H H Elkezza2, Galila Esam Al-samawi3

[email protected]

1Department of Community medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, KualaLumpur, Malaysia. 2School of Dentistry Sciences, International Medical University, 57000 KualaLumpur, Malaysia. 3Department of Community medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil,57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Poor oral health can have a significant effect on quality of life. Good oralhealth related behaviour prevents, maintains, and promotes general health as well as oral health. Astudy was undertaken to assess the oral health related behaviour and risk factors of poor oral healthamong a group of Yeminis adolescents living in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study wasconducted among 226 students of Yemenis adolescents aged 11-17 years old from two schools inKlang Valley, Malaysia during the study period of two weeks in September 2018. Systematic randomsampling method was carried. Oral health behaviour was the dependent variable andsociodemographic, knowledge and attitude were independent variables. Data were collected using aninterviewer administered validated questionnaire. Chi square test for comparison of proportions andodds ratio to determine strength of associations were done. Results: The mean age of the studypopulation was 13 years, (SD=1.8) and comprised of 54.4% males and 45.6% females. There was nostatistically significant association between oral health related behaviour and socio demographicfactors like gender, age, number of siblings and parents’ education level. There was also no statisticallysignificant association between oral health knowledge and oral health behaviour. Female adolescentsdisplayed better behaviour than the male in respect of the frequency and time of teeth brushing. Thisdifference was a statistically significant. Although a high proportion of participants were aware thatsweets affect oral health adversely, they consumed sweets regularly. Conclusion: A third of theparticipants had poor oral health knowledge and poor oral health related behaviour. About a third ofthe participants have had sought treatment for dental disease in the past.



Phase Behaviour & Stability Study of APG-incorporated Carrier Systems for Pharmaceutical Application.

Shahripoddin MNS1, Ahmad N1, Salim N2

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) are nonionic sugar-based glycolipidsurfactants that has recently discovered able to produce hexosomes. The interesting phasebehaviour and cost effectiveness of synthetic APGs make it prudent to explore their role in adrug carrier system. Methods: An oil-in-water colloidal system composed of ibuprofen-in-coconut-oil and Cremophor EL® surfactant was incorporated with three different syntheticAPGs (APG08, APG10, and APG12). Phase diagrams were constructed, optimum compositionwas selected and samples were prepared by phase inversion composition method. Particlesize variation and particle migration were investigated using a stability analyzer. Particle sizeand polydispersity index were investigated by using a particle sizer. Storage stability werestudied and complemented with coalescence and Ostwald ripening rates analyses.Transmission electron microscopy morphology, cytotoxicity and ibuprofen drug releaseanalyses were also carried out. Results: All samples possessed small particle size (10-20 nm)with good polydispersity index (< 0.25). Other than little to none particle size variation andparticle migration in 3-days period, APG-incorporated samples extended stability in differenttemperatures in 3-months period. Rod-like micelles were found in the morphology.Cytotoxicity and drug release results also showed promises. Conclusion: Drug carriers withAPG were slightly smaller and more stable than carrier without any APG. Thus, it is clear thatAPGs promote the stable structural configuration of poorly-water-soluble drug carrier system.



Serum Affects Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cell Line with Regard to Dendritic Length and Expression of Neuron Specific β-III Tubulin

Mohamad Nasir NF1,2,3, Zainuddin A2,4, Shamsuddin S1,2,5

[email protected]

1School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian,Kelantan, Malaysia. 2USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), School ofBiology, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia. 3Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences,Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. 4Department of ChemicalPathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. 5Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM),Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: SH-SY5Y cell line has been used extensively as an in vitro modelto study neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Severaldifferentiation protocols have been developed in order to optimize the properties of SH-SY5Ycell line as a neuronal cell culture model. The most widely accepted protocol is differentiationprotocol involving treatment with retinoic acid. Currently, the percentage of foetal bovineserum (FBS) used in the differentiation media (DM) of SH-SY5Y cell line varies from 1% to 10%of FBS from which this variation may result towards inconsistencies in cells differentiation.Our aim was to investigate the effect of different percentages of FBS in the differentiationmedia (DMEM and 10 uM all-trans-retinoic acid) towards the dendrite length of the cells andexpression and distribution of mature neuronal marker of β-III tubulin. Methods:Morphological classification and neurite length was measured and compared between eachgroup of cells treatment. Immunocytochemistry of β-III tubulin was observed and quantifiedusing ImageJ software. All statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS® 22.0 package (IBM®

SPSS®). Results: Results showed that higher percentage of FBS used in the DM, lead tosignificantly (p<0.05) longer dendrite length of SH-SY5Y cells. In addition,immunocytochemistry results showed that the expression of β-III tubulin was highlysignificant (p<0.001) in cells differentiated in DM with higher percentage of FBS. Besides, theexpression of β-III tubulin was also found more neuritic in cells differentiated in the DM withhigher percentage of FBS. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the protocol that incorporateshigher percentage of FBS during differentiation of SH-SY5Y cell line will generate a populationof sustainable cells with morphology of more human, mature neuron. This modification in thedifferentiation protocol is cost-effective and easy to incorporate for researchers usingdifferentiated SH-SY5Y cell line in their study.



Factors Associated in Developing Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (ICM) versus Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (NICM) among Malaysian Population

Syeda Humayra1 Abd. Rahim M2 Abd. Latiff M3 Abd. Kahar G4

[email protected]

1, 2 ,3 Faculty of Medicine, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Persiaran Bestari,Cyber 11, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. 4 Department of Cardiology, Hospital Serdang,Jalan Puchong, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

Introduction: Cardiomyopathy is an intriguing health concern associated with heart failureand sudden cardiac death. Clinically, HF patients are categorized under ischemic and non-ischemic origin based on myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, or evidentangiographic presentation. Objective: To determine the prevalence of cardiomyopathy andidentify factors affecting ischemic versus non-ischemic outcome amongMalaysians. Methodology: This cross-sectional, retrospective study involved 200 patientsfrom cardiology unit at Hospital Serdang in Selangor, Malaysia. All cardiomyopathy patients’data including clinical notes and investigations from 2006 till 2018 were reviewed andanalyzed for interpretation of results. Results: The mean age of our study population was 54.8(range 18-92 years), with males (68.8%) and females (31.2%), while ethnic distributionfocused Malay (59.4%), Chinese (25.9%) and Indian (12.9%). Ischemic cases were slightlyhigher (n=96, 56.5%) and most frequent type was DCM (88.8%). Majority had reduced LVEF (n=140, 82.4%) and chi-square test revealed significant association with ischemic group (p<0.016). Men having ICM were more (n= 69) in comparison to NICM (n= 48) while womendeveloped cardiomyopathy at greater age. Smokers among ICM was higher (n=53) than NICM(n=37). An independent t-test showed that mean age was significantly higher (95% CI; p <0.0001) among ICM patients. Diabetes and LDL were also significantly greater among ischemicgroup (59.4%, p<0.015) and (p<0.001), respectively. There was no significant associationbetween gender or ethnicity in relation to ICM or NICM. Conclusion: Ischemic heart diseaseprevails as leading cause of death in Malaysia. Therefore, our study identified the factorssignificantly associated with higher risk of developing ischemic cardiomyopathy andestablished better awareness.



Bacterial Profiling of Head Lice Isolated from the Orang Asli: A First Report in Malaysia

Abd Majid MA1, Khoo JJ1, Lim FS1, Khor CS1, Loong SK1, Lee HY1, AbuBakar S1,2

[email protected]

1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Deputy Vice Chancellor(Research & Innovation) Office, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.2Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 KualaLumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Head lice infestation has been documented as a worldwidepublic health concern, especially in the Southeast Asian region. The distribution is commonlyassociated with low socio-economic background that contributes to the lack of personalhygiene as well as health facilities and awareness. With limited data on the microbialcommunity in the head lice, this study aims to determine the bacterial profile of head liceobtained from the Orang Asli communities in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Methods: Headlice were collected and identified microscopically. The samples were pooled based on genderfollowed by surface sterilization prior to DNA extraction. Next generation sequencing of the16S rRNA gene were then performed using Illumina MiSeq platform. Results: Six female andthree male adult head lice obtained from three female Orang Asli children were identified asPediculus humanus capitis. Based on the NGS sequencing, 111,368 number of reads thatrepresent 223 bacterial taxa were revealed. Arsenophonus (37.35%) and Rhodococcus(36.74%) were the most abundant genera found in the female and male samples, respectively.This study also documented the presence of other pathogenic bacteria species such asmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (female = 15%; male = 12.77%),Haemophilus influenzae (female = 3.32%; male = 10.16%), Bordetella pertussis (female =0.64%; male = 0.9%), Streptobacillus moniliformis (male = 0.39%) and Acinetobacterbaumannii (female = 0.06%; male = 0.008%). Conclusion: This study unveiled the ability ofhead lice in harbouring diverse bacterial communities, with the usage of 16S rRNA genomesequencing that further detects a number of uncommon and potentially pathogenic bacteria.The findings suggested that head lice can serve as a vector for the transmission of pathogenicbacteria, thus, resulting in a significant public health impact to the Orang Asli communities.



The Link between Stathmin and Microtubule Stability in Bronchial Remodelling

Hasan NAH1, Harith HH1, Tham CL1 and Israf DA1

[email protected]

1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti PutraMalaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and objectives: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a mechanism thatcontributes to bronchial remodelling which underlie chronic inflammatory airway diseasessuch as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and asthma. In cancer cells, EMT isassociated with reduced microtubule stability which subsequently enhances their migratorycapability. This process is thought to be mediated by a microtubule destabilizer calledstathmin which is highly expressed in various cancer cells. This study aims to determine theassociation between stathmin expression and microtubule stability in bronchial EMT using a invitro model where transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is selected as the EMT inducer.Methods: Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were cultured in LHC-9 medium andinduced with TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL), alone or together with a TGF-β1 inhibitor, SB431542 for 48or 72 hours. The expression of selected EMT markers, stathmin and acetylated-α-tubulin, amarker of stable microtubule was assessed by immunoblotting. The link between microtubulestability and cell migration capability was assessed using the scratch assay. Results: TGFβ1-induced cells showed significantly reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin andincreased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin, which was inhibited in thepresence of SB431542, at both 48 and 72 hours. TGF-β1-mediated EMT was also associatedwith a significant downregulation of stathmin and an upregulation of acetylated-α-tubulinexpression. The scratch assays showed no significant effects in response to TGF-β1 inductioneven up to 72 hours. Conclusion: In contrast with reports in cancer cells, these findingssuggest that the loss of stathmin is associated with enhanced microtubule stability inbronchial EMT. Enhanced microtubule stability may explain the lack of effect on cell migratorycapability in TGF-β1-induced cells. Further investigation is required to elucidate the role ofstathmin in bronchial EMT and its potential as a therapeutic target in conditions associatedwith bronchial remodelling.



Creating an In Vivo Biosynthesis Platform For High-Throughput Generation of Peptide-Based Antibiotic Analogues

Mahendran ASK1, Lim YS1, Fang CM2, Loh SHS1, Lee SH3 , Le CF1

[email protected]

1School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih,Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. 2Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan,Malaysia. 3School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University,Subang Jaya, Malaysia.

Background and objective: The report of antibiotic-resistance bacteria is increasing at analarming rate worldwide. New drug discovery with alternative mechanism of actions againstthe multidrug resistant pathogens is highly demanding. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) arepeptide-based antibiotics that serve important roles in the primary immune system of variousliving organisms owing to their potent antimicrobial activity. Tritrypticin (TTC) is a cathelicidin-derived, 13-residue tryptophan-rich bactericidal peptide that exhibits broad-spectrumantimicrobial activity against pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella thyphimurium.By modifying specific residues in TTC, peptide analogues with enhanced antimicrobial andcytotoxicity activity can be generated. We observed several disadvantages with theconventional design-and-synthesis approach and here, we aim to develop a high-throughputbiosynthesis system in bacterial cell to allow generation of extremely-large-number ofantimicrobial variants not possible with the conventional design-and-synthesis approach.Methods: In this study, we selected TTC as our lead peptide to generate a combinatoriallibrary of randomly amplified analogues using error-prone PCR. TTC-encoding gene flankedwith the specific restriction sites was designed in silico. Two adaptor sites were included tofacilitate and ensure mutation only occurs within the TTC-encoding region without affectingthe adjacent backbone fragments. These amplified gene fragments were cloned into pTWIN1expression vector followed by heat-shock transformation into chemically-competentEscherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells. Transformants selected on LB-ampicillin plate weresequenced to confirm the corresponding mutations. Results: The results revealed that theindividual transformants now carry the mutated TTC-encoding genes which included singleand multiple nucleotide changes. These clones were predicted to produce various TTCanalogues with unique peptide sequences. Conclusion: The current platform allows high-throughput generation of AMP analogues and by coupling with an efficient screeningapproach, this method would allow selection of new AMPs exhibiting enhanced therapeuticand toxicity profiles new drug candidates.



Inflammatory Cytokine, Cxcl10 and Kynurenine Metabolites, Anthranilic Acid and Quinolinic Acid: Potential Prognostic Biomarkers Of Dengue with Warning Signs

Aziz F1* , Lim CK4* , Samudi C2 , Sekaran SD3 , Guillemin GJ4# , Jusof FF5#

[email protected]

1Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Malaya, 50603Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. 2Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, TheUniversity of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. 3 Faculty of Medicine, Biosciences andNursing, MAHSA University College, Kuala Lumpur. 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences,Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University,Sydney. 5 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Malaya, 50603Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Dengue, a potentially fatal viral infection is a health burden tomany developing countries especially. Being endemic in Malaysia, there has been a ten-foldand five-fold increase in the number of cases and dengue-related fatalities respectively in thelast decade. Dengue infection can manifest itself in three clinical phases namely febrile,critical and recovery phases. Patient’s immune response during the critical phase determineswhether the infection will resolve or progress to the severe, the more lethal form of theinfection. Elevated levels of cytokines have been reported previously. The kynureninepathway, a tryptophan catabolic pathway, is known to be induced in inflammatory conditions.It has been shown to influence the progression of diseases depending on the extent of itsactivation. The aim of this project was to identify potential prognostic biomarkers as well as tobetter understand the pathogenic mechanisms of dengue infection leading to the progressionfrom the febrile phase to the severe form. For this, we assessed the levels of inflammatorycytokines and kynurenine pathway metabolites in patient sub-group with the different formsof dengue. Methods: Cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL10/ IP-10, IL-18, CCL2/ MCP-1and CCL4/ MIP-1β) in plasma samples from patients with dengue without warning signs, DWS-(mild, febrile), dengue with warning signs, DWS+ (critical phase) and severe dengue, SD wereassessed by Human Luminex Screening Assay. The levels of kynurenine metabolites(tryptophan, kynurenine, anthranilic acid, picolinic and quinolinic acid) in the same plasmawere assessed using UHPLC assay. Results: Four cytokines (IFN-γ, CXCL10, IL-18, CCL4) weresignificantly elevated in DWS+ compared to DWS- and SD patients. Complementing thiselevation was the significant increase in anthranilic acid, quinolinic acid and picolinic acidDWS+ compared to DWS-. Conclusion: CXCL10, CCL4, anthranilic acid and picolinic acid couldrepresent potential candidates for a prognostic biomarker sets. These data may have alsohighlighted some possible new therapeutic targets to circumvent the progression of thedengue infection to the severe form.



Characterisation of Newcastle Disease Virus-Mediated Oncolysis of TCCSUP Bladder Cancer Cell Line

Esther E1 , Thirumorthy A1 , Chan SC2 , Chau DM3 , Yusoff K4,5 , Veerakumarasivam A1

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway School of Science and Technology, SunwayUniversity, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia. 2Perdana UniversitySchool of Foundation Studies, Perdana University, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.3Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti PutraMalaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. 4Faculty of Biotechnology andBiomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,Malaysia. 5Malaysian Genome Institute, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Bladder cancer is associated with high recurrence rate and a life-long risk of disease progression; even in patients that have access to the current gold-standard treatments. The Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is an oncolytic virus that selectivelykills cancer cells and can potentially be a bladder cancer therapeutic. However, some cancercells may develop persistent NDV infection and this has yet to be characterised in bladdercancer. In this study, we evaluate the effects of NDV-mediated oncolysis in bladder cancercells. Methods: The oncolytic effects of NDV strain AF2240 on bladder cancer cells (TCCSUP)were assessed by WST-1 cytotoxic assay and spheroid infectivity test. In addition, RT-qPCRwas carried out to analyse cancer stem cell (CSC) and cancer marker gene expression in thebladder cancer cells. Results: Following the infection of TCCSUP bladder cancer cells with NDV,approximately 20% of the cells were shown to be able to resist NDV-mediated oncolysis. Thebladder cancer cells subsequently developed persistent NDV infection and these cells werecharacterised. Interestingly, although the cells were viable, TCCSUP cells that were persistentlyinfected with NDV displayed slower growth rate and their CSC potency was disrupted. Thegene expression analysis revealed that majority of the CSC and cancer marker genes analysedwere downregulated in the NDV-persistently infected bladder cancer cells. The cancer markergene, EN2 was significantly upregulated in the NDV-persistently infected cells. Further studiesare required to evaluate whether the EN2 gene plays a functional role in conferring ormaintaining persistent NDV infection. As for the oncolytic activity of NDV AF2240, the viruswas able dissociate bladder CSC spheroids; suggesting CSC-targeting ability. Thus, NDV AF2240has bladder cancer therapeutic potential.



Mutagenicity Assessment of Paddy Water from Tanjung Karang, SelangorUsing Ames Test: A Preliminary Study

Rohaimi NA, Samsuri NA, and Abdullah R

[email protected]

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicines and HealthSciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objective: An increasing number of industrial, agricultural and commercialchemicals in the aquatic environment lead to various deleterious effects on organisms. Amongdifferent agricultural activities, paddy crops plantation become concern as paddy water mightbe polluted due to anthropogenic activities and usage of pesticides by farmers. This study wasconducted to determine the mutagenic activity of paddy water from Tanjung Karang, Selangorusing Ames test. Methods: The sampling was done at paddy field of Kampung SawahSempadan where paddy water samples were collected from 9 different points and extractedby using Solid Phase Extraction. The Ames mutagenicity assay using genetically mutatedstrains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98 and TA100) without metabolic activation was used todetermine the mutagenic activity of the paddy water samples. Results: For TA98 strain, 6samples were found to be mutagenic (Inlet 1, Inlet 3, Point 1, Point 2, Point 3, Outlet 3) duringsampling time 1 and another 6 samples (Inlet 1, Inlet 3, Point 2, Point 3, Outlet 1, Outlet 2,Outlet 3) during sampling time 2 ranging from 92 ± 87 to 377 ± 222 revertant colonies perplate. For TA100 strain, 5 samples were found to be mutagenic (Inlet 2, Point 1, Point 2, Outlet2, Outlet 3) and another 4 samples (Inlet 3, Point 1, Point 2, Point 3) ranging from 153 ± 129to 847 ± 804 revertant colonies per plate. However, it was found that there was no significantdifference of mean of revertant in samples in different time (p>0.05). Conclusion: Some of thepaddy water samples showed mutagenicity effects in both strains. Therefore, it is important toscreen the mutagenic activity of environmental samples as the event is irreversible and mayeventually lead to cancer formation.



Size-controlled Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Seaweed Sargassum polycystum

Lean JS, Wong CL, Ng JF

[email protected]

School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, LakesideCampus, No. 1, Jalan Taylor’s , 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

A simple green synthesis method, involving the use of marine seaweed extract, an efficientreducing and stabilising agent, was developed to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).Seaweed mediated synthesis of AgNPs is more environmentally-friendly as compared tochemical synthesis as it does not require high temperature and pressure, and toxic chemicalsin the synthesis process. AgNPs has been successfully synthesised using Sargassumpolycystum in this study. Colour change of the reaction mixture from yellow-brown to red-brown indicates the formation of AgNPs. This was further confirmed by the presence ofmaximum absorbance at 400-450 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum due to the surface plasmonresonance (SPR) effect displayed by the nanoparticles. XRD and EDX characterisation of thesynthesised nanoparticles verified the identity of nanoparticles to be silver metal. TEM imagesrevealed that the produced AgNPs were mainly in spherical shape. The effect of synthesisparameters on the size of AgNPs was further investigated in order to improve the productionof AgNPs by varying experimental parameters such as concentration of seaweed extract,concentration of metal precursor, temperature and pH. Particle sizer was used to determinethe size and polydispersity of the formed nanoparticles. It is found that pH has the mostimpact on the synthesis of AgNPs. With increasing pH, the reduction of Ag + ions to AgNPsoccurred more rapidly affecting the amount and size of the synthesised AgNPs. Synthesiscarried out at pH of 11 and 25oC produces 100 times fold increased in the amount of theAgNPs with smaller diameter (7.11 ± 1.00 nm) in comparison to pH 3 (21.52 ± 2.58 nm) whilehigher synthesis temperature promotes undesirable high polydispersity of the AgNPs. Besidesthat, optimum ratio of the concentration of seaweed extract and silver metal precursorsolution is needed to yield higher production of AgNPs with smaller size. This study hasdemonstrated that control synthesis of AgNPs is possible by tailoring the synthesis parametersin order to obtain high production of AgNPs in desirable size range. The outcome of thefindings is important for subsequent scale up production of AgNPs for various application.



Cytotoxicity of Organotin (IV) Complexes Containing Dithiocarbazate Schiff Bases

Enis NM Yusof1,2 , Alister J. Page2 , Thahira BSA Ravoof1

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,Selangor, Malaysia. 2Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences,University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.

Background and Objectives: Organotin(IV) compounds have been known to induce apoptosisin several cancer cell lines. Their lipophilicity can be increased by adding alkyl or arylcomponents attached to the Sn atoms. By increasing the liphophilic character, organotin(IV)compounds are able to penetrate the lipid permeable cell membranes and thus induce DNAdamage by specifically binding to the phosphate backbone of DNA leading to DNA contractionand a change in the DNA confirmation. Method: Four diphenyl- and dimethyltin (IV)compounds derived from tridentate dithiocarbazate Schiff bases of salicylaldehyde derivativeswith a general formula of [(ONS)SnR2] (where R=phenyl/methyl) were synthesised andcharacterized. The compound was characterised via physico-chemical and spectroscopictechniques. Result: X-ray diffraction studies of the organotin(IV) compounds indicated atrigonal bipyramidal geometry environment the Sn(IV) atom. The cytotoxicity of organotin(IV)compounds were evaluated against a panel of twelve cancer cell lines (RT-112, EJ-28(bladder), HT29 (colon), U87, SJ-G2, SMA (glioblastoma), MCF-7 (breast), A2780 (ovarian),H460 (lung), A431 (skin), Du145 (prostate), BE2-C (neuroblastoma) and MIA (pancreas)), aswell as one normal cell line (MCF10A). The cytotoxicity of the Schiff base compounds showedimprovement by coordinating with diphenyltin(IV), where the presence of two phenyl groupattached directly to the central tin atom could interact with DNA of cancer cells. Conclusion:Compounds derived from diphenyltin(IV) with modulated ligand scaffold could bring hope inthe field of drug development and targeting many diseases scenarios such as cancers.

Keywords: Organotin(IV) compounds, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis; cytotoxicity



Highly Active Dendritic Fibrous Material for Carbon Monoxide Conversion

Teh LP1 , Setiabudi HD2,3 , Jalil AA4,5

[email protected]

1Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Chemicaland Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan,Pahang, Malaysia. 3Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. 4School of Chemical andEnergy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTMJohor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 5Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

The catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to methane is currently receiving a significantattention. This reaction is a prerequisite step in purification and removal of CO to lowconcentration levels from H2-rich feed gases for the efficient implementation of fuel celltechnology. In the current study, dendritic fibrous silica mesoporous ZSM-5 (DFmZSM-5) wassuccessfully synthesized by the coupled microemulsion-crystallization method andcatalytically applied in CO methanation. DFmZSM-5 exhibited two-fold higher activity ascompared to non-fibrous mZSM-5, with no indication of deactivation up to 50 h time onstream towards CO methanation. The excellent activity and stability of DFmZSM-5 could beassociated to the presence of oxygen vacancy, which are believed to increase the interparticleporosity, basicity and CO and H2 adsorption sites, arose from its dendrimeric fibrousmorphology. This study acknowledged the greatly enhanced catalytic activity of DFmZSM-5 inCO methanation, pave the way for future design and development of methanation catalystsfor synthetic natural gas production.

Energy transition


Indolenine-dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene Ni(II) Complexes as Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Abdul Qaiyum Ramle1, Hamid Khaledi2, Ameerul Hazeeq Hashim1, Muhammad AmmarMingsukang3, Abdul Kariem Mohd Arof 3, Hapipah Mohd Ali 1, Chee Chin Fei 4, Wan Jefrey

Basirun1

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. 2Department ofChemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-1700, United States. 3Department of Physics,University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. 4Nanotechnology & Catalysis ResearchCentre, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur,50603, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Since 1991, the interest in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has gainedsignificant interest as a means toward alternative sources of green energy. Basically, the cell consistsof 4 major components, a mesoporous TiO2 , a dye, an electrolyte and a platinized counter electrode.Herein, we report 4 types of sensitizers furnished with carboxylic ester (8a, 8b, 8c) or carboxyl (9c)anchoring groups based on the macrocylic indolenine-dibenzotetraaza[14]annulene (DBTAA) Ni(II)complexes. Methods: The dyes were synthesized via multi-step reactions and their structures werecharacterized by NMR, IR and CHN elemental analyses. Moreover, their physical properties wereevaluated by photophysical, electrochemical and theoretical studies. The dyes were fabricated on theTiO2 electrode as sensitizers for DSSCs. Results: All the dyes were stable, highly soluble in polar organicsolvents and obtained in good yields. The optical properties revealed that they all have intenseabsorption coefficients within the Soret band region in the spectra. The Lowest Occupied MolecularOrbital (LUMO) energy levels of the dyes were more positive (-2.22 to -2.52 eV) than the energy levelof conduction band (CB) TiO 2 (-4.0 eV). As a result, they were able to inject electron into the cell forphotocurrent generation. The energy band gap of the dyes, calculated by Density Functional Theory(DFT), were almost similar to experimental values (2.62 – 2.78 eV). The dye 9c showed the bestphotocurrent-voltage (J-V) curve with an overall conversion efficiency η = 0.093%. Conclusion: A newseries of sensitizers were successfully prepared and evaluated. The moderate performances of thecells are due to the low rate of electron injection to CB TiO 2 . Thus, further structural modifications ofdyes are required. Besides, the use of different electrolytes might help to maximize the electrontransfer for regeneration process of the oxidized dye.

Energy transition

Fig. 1: Chemical structures of the dyes.


Synthesis Zno From Zn (CH 3 COO) 2 Uses The Hydrometallurgical Method For Solar Cells

Beta Riana Liasari1 , Charis Achmad Tajuddin1, Wahyu Bambang Widayatno1 , Retno Kusumaningrum1 , Muhamad Ikhlasul Amal2, Lina Jaya Diguna3

[email protected]

1Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia.2Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, TangerangSelatan, Indonesia. 3Prasetiya Mulya University, Tangerang, Indonesia.

In the world of ZnO powder industry really needs to be used as in the industrial industries ofrubber, cosmetics, medicine, floor coatings, plastics, printing, ink, batteries, textiles, andsemiconductors. ZnO has catalyst characteristics with nanoparticle grain size. Synthesis of ZnOnanoparticles using the sol gel method The process of the initial formation of the synthesisprocess starts from the preparation of basic ingredients from Zn dross powder, dilution ofsolutions based on concentrations 2, 4 and 6, leaching process, NH4OH dripping (separation ofimpurities such as Fe, Cu, and Mn), screening, NaOH dropping process (white precipitates withPH control up to 14), centrifugation and drying process. Based on these seven stages, theoptimal and environmentally friendly ZnO form of ZnO from Zn (CH3COO)2 can be applied tosolar cell material. ZnO powder that has been formed is characterized by X-ray Diffraction (X-RD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The XRD and SEM characterization resultsshow that the particle is true ZnO with a size between 20nm – 100 nm.

Energy transition


Green Mould Contamination In Local Mushroom Farm: Preliminary Study

Ana Hazirah Ajis1,2, Lay Ching Chai2, Yee Shin Tan1,2

[email protected]

1Mushroom Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. 2Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 KualaLumpur, Malaysia.

Cultivated mushrooms are classified as one from seven high-value crops cultivated intensivelyin Malaysia. Grey oyster mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) is the most cultivatedmushrooms in local mushroom farms due to high demand from consumers. Many bioticdiseases can cause loss in mushroom production and quality. Green mould contaminationcaused by Trichoderma species is one of the most serious contamination in mushroomcultivation. Typical symptoms of the contamination are green sporulation areas on the surfaceof cultivation substrate. A field study was conducted in a local farm in Selangor. The aims ofthe study were; 1) to identify the critical points of green mould contamination risk along thecultivation process; 2) to isolate and identify the green mould contaminants and source ofcontaminations. Green mould contamination was identified in contaminated substrate bagsduring spawn run and after first harvested mushroom bags and the percentage ofcontamination could increase after several cycles of mushroom harvesting. Trichodermapleurotum and T. harzianum were isolated from the air of mushroom house and from thewater source in the farm. However, only T. pleurotum was isolated from contaminatedsubstrate bags. The origin of green mould contamination could be from multiple sources.Good farming practices and proper mushroom farm layout could prevent the green mouldcontamination. This study provides a preliminary data to create microbial assessment andrecommendation guideline on green mould contamination in mushroom cultivation.

Key words: Green mould contamination, air inside mushroom house, water, Trichoderma

Food Sustainability


Antagonistic Interactions & Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Of Lactic Acid Bacteria

From Malaysian Fermented ShrimpsIlyanie HY1,2 , Huda-Faujan N1 , Ida Muryany MY2 , Zaiton H1

[email protected]

1Food Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains IslamMalaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. 2School of Biology, Universiti TeknologiMARA Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, 70450, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan,Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have a great potential to inhibit foodspoilage and growth of foodborne pathogens. The findings of antagonistic properties of LABmaybe valuable for developing alternative treatment for food spoilage and foodborneillnesses. However, the resistant patterns of the LAB towards antibiotics are also essentialsince they may serve as host of antibiotic resistance gene. Three LAB strains (Be3, Be7 andBe16) isolated from belacan, the Malaysian fermented shrimps were used to investigate theirantagonism effect and antibiotic resistance patterns. Methods: The antagonistic interaction ofthe LAB strains against Two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcusaureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium) weredetermined by spot overlay method. The strains spotted on MRS agar plates were overlaidwith molten agar seeded with pathogenic bacteria. The inhibition zones around the colonieswere measured and classified as strong, intermediate and low. The antibiotic resistancepatterns of the strains to eight types of antibiotic were assessed using the disc diffusionmethod. All plates were incubated before the diameter (mm) of inhibition zones weremeasured. The means were expressed in terms of susceptible, intermediate and resistance.Results: The results showed that all three LAB strains were able to inhibit the growth of allpathogenic strains in varying degrees. The largest zone of inhibition (14.2mm) were producedby Be3 against E. coli. Generally, all strains were more effective in inhibiting the growth ofGram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria. All strains were also susceptible toampicillin and chloramphenicol, whilst resistant to nalidixic acid, streptomycin andvancomycin. Conclusion: This study shows that LAB isolated from Malaysian fermentedshrimps possess considerable antagonism ability against the tested pathogens. The resistancepatterns of LAB were varied on different types of antibiotics. Further studies are alsonecessary to explain the underlying mechanism of the antagonistic properties.

Food Sustainability


Effect of Pickling Process on Ascorbic Acid Content and Antioxidant Properties of Selected Fruit Pickles

Ramli NS1 , Mohamad Saadon NR1 , Pak Dek MS1 , Jaafar, AH1

[email protected]

1Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra,Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Pickling is one of the oldest preserving food methods, howeverlittle information is available regarding the antioxidant retention during the pickling process.The aim of the present study is to investigate the changes on the ascorbic acid content (AA),total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant properties duringthe pickling process of selected commercialized pickles namely guava (Psidium guajava),ambarella (Spondias cytherea), mango (Mangifera indica) and jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus).Methods: The TPC and TFC were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chlorideassays, respectively. Antioxidant properties were determined using ferric reducing antioxidantpower (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. Results:Results showed that the fruit pickles had lower AA (p<0.05) but no differences wereobserved for antioxidant activities compared to their respective fresh samples. In contrast, thefruit pickles showed higher TPC and TFC than the fresh samples except for ambarella andjicama, probably due to the ingredients that were added after the washing step. There wereno significant differences in AA, TPC, TFC, and antioxidant properties during salting andwashing of the samples (p>0.05). Conclusion: Overall, it can be seen that the AA, TPC, TFCantioxidant activities were decreased from fresh to salting and no changes during washing,but the values were increased after pickling with the exception for the AA and antioxidantactivities. The present work suggested that the mango and guava pickles could be a goodsource of polyphenols.

Food Sustainability


Water and Caloric Beverage Consumption Patterns and Its Association with Body Mass Index Among Malaysian Adults

Norlida MD, Nurul Hafizah A

[email protected]

Food Science Programme, Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Scienceand Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Studies suggested that increase of water consumption andreduce intake of caloric beverages as a dietary mean for obesity prevention. This studyinvestigated the beverage consumption patterns and its association with body mass index(BMI) among Malaysian adults. The awareness towards water and caloric beverageconsumptions was also assessed. Methods: A total of 420 subjects aged between 19 to 57years old completed sociodemographic questionnaire and underwent height and weightmeasurements. Beverage consumption pattern was evaluated with a 24-h beverages recalland food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The awareness towards beverage consumption wasassessed using knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP). Results: The average consumption ofwater and caloric beverages were 3 to 8 servings/day and 3-4 servings/week respectively. FFQanalysis showed that the most consumed caloric drink was non-carbonated drink (30.2), butthe highest consumption of sugar was obtained from cordials (95.6±15.4 g). There was nosignificant association (p>0.05) between water intake and BMI but consumption of caloricbeverage was significantly associated with BMI (p=0.003). KAP analysis showed that subjectshad medium scores (K=55.3±2.6%, A=78.9±4.6% and P=63.7±2.7%). However, no significantdifference (p>0.05) of KAP scores between gender was found. Conclusion: Water intakeamong Malaysian adults was still below than the recommendation. Although subjects had agood KAP about the effect of water and caloric beverage on health, their actual consumptionof water and caloric intake showed not to be well-practise. This urges the healthcare providersand related bodies to design strategies to provide a better awareness of increasing waterintake and controlling caloric beverage among Malaysian adults.

Food Sustainability


Silicon Nutrient Improve Growth and Enhance Chlorophyll of Pepper Plant (Pipper nigrum)

Nur Ainu Farhah Rabae1 , Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique1 , and Xiaolei Jin2

[email protected]

1Laboratory for Pest, Disease and Microbial Biotechnology (LAPDiM), Faculty of Fisheries and FoodSciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. 2Department ofBiological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Leinhai Road, Kaohsiung, 80424 Taiwan.

Malaysia together with Vietnam, India, Indonesia and Brazil are the world’s major producers andexporters of pepper. However, issue of poor growth causing a very low field survivability. Recently,studies had shown that silicon (Si) application has beneficial effects on growth of plants especially onrice, barley and wheat but there is limited work on the pepper plant. Therefore, this study was aim todetermine effect of silicon (silicic acid) on the plant growth by root applications. Silicon nutrient hadbeen applied once a week on pepper plants with five different concentrations; 0.5% Si (v/v), 1.5% Si(v/v), 2.0% Si (v/v), 1.5% potassium silicate (v/v) as positive control and negative control (withoutsilicon). Growth parameters such as plant height, stem diameter and chlorophyll concentration wereobserved and collected twice a month. Our finding showed that Si nutrient treatments have apromising result when all the pepper plants that were treated with Si had the greatest plant heightand diameter. The highest was plants treated with 0.5% Si (v/v) (51.7cm) followed by 1.5% Si (v/v)(39.5cm), and 2.0% Si (v/v) (30.9cm) whereas both control only 27.9cm and 12.7cm for 1.5%potassium silicate and control (without Si), respectively. The widest in diameter was pepper plant with0.5% Si (v/v) with 2.7mm in size but for both controls below than 1.7mm wide. There was anincreasing of chlorophyll with the highest chlorophyll amount was from plants treated with 0.5% Si(v/v) showed 58.36µmol/ whereas the lowest reading was 41.2µmol/ observed in control pepperplants (without Si). Therefore, this study had proven that silicon nutrient not only improve pepperplant growth but also plant photosynthesis. Further investigation on physical changes (cuticlethickness, wax formation and phytolith) is ongoing to prove that silicon nutrient is a sustainableapproach especially to disease management.

Biodiversity


Turtle Sanctuary Provides Seasonal Hatchling “Buffet” to Reef Sharks

Bashir Z1, Rusli MU1, Abdullah MM2

[email protected]

1Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 KualaNerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, UniversitiMalaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

The declining health of the world’s coral reefs and tropical seas due to climate change is addingpressure on already vulnerable marine fauna. To guide mitigation efforts, our understanding of thecomplex dynamics between marine communities has become a top priority, particularly theinteractions involving threatened or endangered species. In a unique case study at one of Malaysia’smost productive turtle nesting sites, the Chagar Hutang Turtle Sanctuary on Redang Island, weinvestigated the degree of the predator-prey dependence between the near-threatened blacktip reefshark, Carcharhinus melanopterus, and hatchlings of the globally endangered green sea turtle,Chelonia mydas. We hypothesized that sharks would opportunistically feed on hatchlings during theturtle nesting season, while retaining their usual diet. However, comparisons between the isotopicsignatures of sharks, turtle hatchlings and other potential prey species, at the beginning, middle andend of the turtle nesting season (March – October), indicated that the sharks preyed, nearlyexclusively, on turtle hatchlings during part of the year, presumedly around the peak turtle nestingseason. Additionally, the stomachs of two juvenile sharks, which had died in ‘ghost nets’ at ChagarHutang, contained the remains of 5 and 8 partially digested turtle hatchlings, respectively, and noother prey (photo). These findings suggest that, when available, sharks heavily favour turtle hatchlingsover other prey. This may be attributed to hatchlings being slower and more conspicuous swimmersthan most reef fish, making them an easier target. Isotopic comparisons with alternative prey speciesindicated that, when not hatchling-centred, the sharks’ diets shifted towards carnivorous reef fish andsquid. Hence, while it is impossible to completely eradicate predation pressures on turtle hatchlingsfrom sharks, sustaining healthy populations of reef fish and cephalopods may help to partially alleviatethese pressures, while also supporting healthy populations of reef sharks.

Biodiversity

The partially digested remains of seven of the eight hatchlings retrieved from the stomach of a deceased juvenile blacktip reef shark (55cm total length, TL)

in Chagar Hutang Bay.


Diversity of Fungi at Sea Turtle Nesting Sites in Malaysia

Noorkhalilie Che Abd. Aziz1, Siti Nordahliawate Mohamed Sidique1, Nik Mohd Izham Mohamed Nor2

[email protected]

1Laboratory for Pest, Disease and Microbial Biotechnology (LAPDiM), Faculty of Fisheries andFood Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.2School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.

Conservation work has been extremely active protecting the sea turtle nesting areas fromuncontrolled human activities such as habitat destruction, poaching and predators. Recently,we had observed more unhatched eggs and showing symptom described as Sea Turtle EggFusariosis (STEF). This condition reduces the hatchling success of turtle eggs and becomingcritical when most turtle nesting sites and hatcheries are affected. Therefore, this studypurpose was to identify the fungi species that are invading turtle nests in Malaysia. Samples ofinfected eggs, sands and debris around the egg chambers were collected from Melaka,Pahang and Terengganu sea turtle nesting sites. Only Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) andpentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) agar were used for isolation of fungi. The pure cultures wereobtained and growth onto the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) whereas Carnation Leaf Agar (CLA)was chosen to further observing the morphological characteristics of Fusarium species. A total40 isolates of Fusarium species were molecularly identification using translation elongationfactor 1-alpha gene (TEF-1α) showed 42.5% of Fusarium falciforme, 25% of Fusariumkeratoplasticum, 5% of Fusarium proliferatum, 20% Fusarium oxysporum and 7.5% of otherFusarium Solani Species Complex. While for the Aspergillus species, there were eight isolateswere molecularly identifications using ITS shown 12% were species of A. allahabadii, A. niger,A. aculeatus and A. ustus whereas both A. fijiensi and A. japonicas were 25%. Mortalities innesting areas of sea turtle in Malaysia may lead to Fusarium species and followed byAspergillus species as secondary invader. There is an urgent need to monitor the nesting sitesand to understand the dispersal of Fusarium and Aspergillus species along the nesting beachin improving conservation work.

Biodiversity


Modeling Oceanic Dispersal of Sea Turtle Hatchlings Through Locomotors Energetic Cost and Ocean Current

Suhaimi, NS1,2 , Rusli, MU2,3 , Akhir, MF3 , Daud, NR4

[email protected]

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 KualaNerus, Terengganu. 2Sea Turtle Research Unit, Institute of Oceanography and Environment,Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. 3Institute of Oceanographyand Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. 4Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor.

Background and Objectives: Advances in simulation modeling software on ocean currentsgiving rise to new generation of problem-solving tools in research and conservation for seaturtle. Researchers use this tool to predict the movement of sea turtle hatchlings during theirearly life stage. Most of the previous studies plot the dispersal range of the hatchlings usingparticle tracking by ocean model software but did not put into consideration the reservedenergy in the simulation to determine whether they are passive or active drifters. The aim ofthis study is to incorporate the sea turtle hatchlings swimming potential (by the mean ofremained reserve energy in body while leaving the natal beach and the swimming speed) toultimately predicts the distance travel. Methods: In this study, particle tracking by oceanmodel software (ICHTHYOP v.3.2.) was used to plot the dispersal range of sea turtle in theSouth China Sea between seasons since Terengganu waters are dominated by monsoonseasons. This study will begin by quantifying the energetic cost of two different early lifephases (nest escaping and crawling to the beach) of green turtle hatchlings. The metabolicexpenditure data obtained through open-flow respirometric analysis will then put into anenergy budget context by comparing it to their available reserved energy in the body uponentering the swimming life phase. Results: As expected that the distribution of the hatchlingsfrom their natal beaches have been strong influences by ocean currents. The result suggeststhat the dispersal patterns of hatchlings varied during Southwest monsoon and Northeastmonsoon when released from Chagar Hutang beach. This study was the first to report on thefirst stop area of the hatchlings after finished their reserve energy by calculating the energyexpenditure of the hatchlings during post-hatching activities. With the remaining energy in thebody after digging and crawling, the hatchlings from Chagar Hutang are able to swim adistance of 116 km and last for 7 days without feed. Conclusions: This study presents ananalysis to predict the dispersal range of green sea turtle hatchlings from Chagar HutangTurtle Sanctuary by taking into consideration on the locomotor performance of green seaturtle hatchlings during self-righting and swimming frenzy, with a particular focus on theenergy available in the body after post-hatching activities and how it could reflect theirmigration routes and ecological background.

Biodiversity


Approximate distance traveled by hatchlings is 116 km. Labels indicate the first stop of greensea turtle hatchlings after their reserved energy fully utilized in the body.

Biodiversity


Litter Production and Decomposition in a Tropical Peat Swamp Forest : a Case Study In Pekan Forest Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia

Mohd Afzanizam M, E.Philip

[email protected]

Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Climate Change and Forestry Program, 52109Kepong Selangor Malaysia.

We investigated litter production and decomposition 1-ha ecological plot in Pekan ForestReserve. Leaf litter monitoring conducted on monthly basis from January 2017 until April2019. Litter decomposition study were carried out for 4, 8 and 12 months in the field. A totalof 150 litter HDPE mesh bags (with 50 replicates for each interval ) left on the field to simulatenatural decay processes and collected after each intervals. The study sought to determine ; 1)the leaf litter production in regards to quality and quantity in pristine tropical peat swampforest ; 2) litter decomposition and decay on the peat swamp forest floor. Results shows thatleaf litter biomass ranged between 0.12-0.69 t/ha in 2016 and 0.08-0.89 t/ha in 2018. In 2017,it is observed between January to February 2017 was onset of the dry spell; the leaf litterproduction decreased drastically. On the other hand, towards the end of monsoon season theleaf litter production peaked drastically during onset of the wet season period (betweenAugust and September). No significant fluctuation in litterfall quantity between April and July.Based on litter production and volume of precipitation, we suggest that a sharp decrease inbiomass happened as a result of weather transition from extreme wet season (very highrainfall) to dry spell (without any major interference in climate shift/pattern such as El-Nino orLa Nina episodes). Seasonal fluctuations in leaf litter and their correlation between volume ofrainfall and leaf litter production is still being investigated in the case of climate shift/pattern.A time-series of long-term litter production need to be continuously monitored in peat swampcondition to correlate with weather data.

Keyword: decay rate, leaf litter input, necromass, seasonal pattern, net carbon accumulation,mean residence time

Biodiversity


Taro (Colocasia Esculenta) Leaves as Hydrophobic Bio-wax Coating for Recycled Grocery Paper Bags

Pineda PA, Junio CJ, Dupiano X, Posugac L, Boadilla JT, Deduque J, Sanchez A, Sereno A, Campos CC

[email protected]


According to the Ocean Conservancy and McKinsey Center for Business and Environment in2015, the Philippines was ranked as the third-largest source of discarded plastic that ends upin the ocean. For this reason, the use of paper bags is recommended; however, consumersstill view the use of plastic bags as the most convenient way of storing and packagingmiscellaneous items because it is more durable than paper bags. In order to solve theseproblems, this research aimed to produce a hydrophobic bio-wax coating from taro leavessuitable for recycled grocery paper bags. This study utilized solvent-extraction method toisolate the bio-wax from the taro leaves and coated it onto the surface of the recycled grocerypaper bags to identify the wax suitability to paper bags and to produce a hydrophobic paperbag capable for industrialization. The hydrophobic paper bag was subjected to various testssuch as charring, hydrophobicity test, anti-microbial test, and liquid dropping test todetermine its reliability and viability for industrial uses. The data gathered was statisticallyanalyzed through Descriptive Statistics and Paired T-test. The coated paper bag was observedto exhibit the same hydrophobic properties to that of the taro leaves and was impenetrable toliquids except for oil and other solvents. Therefore, the use of taro leaves (ColocasiaEsculenta) as hydrophobic bio-wax coating for recycled grocery paper bags would not onlyreduce the usage of plastic bags but could also be a great contributing factor to reduce thedetrimental effects of pollution to the environment.

Biodiversity


Waste to Wealth: The Hidden Potential of Waste from Artocarpus Integer Fruit

Abu Bakar NK1, Selvaraju G1 , Kafeenah HIS1

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia.

In this study, a low-cost and green activated carbon adsorbent was developed from an agro-food-waste abundantly available in Malaysia (Artocarpus integer fruit processing waste) bysteam activation. Proximate, elemental and component analyses showed that the raw bio-waste material is rich in cellulose (53.6 wt%), carbon (60.8 wt%) and volatile inorganic matter,making it a good choice of green-adsorbent material. The adsorbent preparation conditionswere optimised, and the optimal adsorbent was characterized by several techniques. Theresults revealed that pyrolysis at 700°C for 60 min and steam activation at 750°C for 60 minwere appropriate to attain a high quality adsorbent with a large iodine adsorption capacity(1411 mg/g), reasonable yield (31.3%), highly micro-mesoporous (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface area 853 m 2 /g, t-plot micropore surface area 506 m/g, t-plot mesopore surfacearea 346 m 2 /g and average pore width 2.9 nm and amorphous structure with predominantlybasic surface functional groups with pHpzc 8.3, which are all advantageous properties foradsorption applications. The performance of the produced adsorbent was evaluated against acommercial coal-based activated carbon. The newly developed adsorbent was shown to be apromising alternative to commercial coal-activated carbon which may be used as a cleanerand ecologically compatible adsorbent for the removal of chloroethene compounds andpharmaceutical residues from effluents.

Biodiversity


ASEAN Collaboration in Boosting Tourism Development

Forina Lestari

[email protected]

Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Indonesia Institute of Technology, Serpong,Banten Province, Indonesia.

Background and Objectives: The shifting approach in market competition from rivalry tocollaboration provides a way for stakeholders to develop innovative partnerships. This is alsotrue for tourism development among ASEAN countries. Possessing abundant similarity,specifically in culture, tourism development is suggested to be undertaken in collaborativemanner among these countries. This study explores attempts and strategies carried on amongASEAN countries in the aim to emphasize both potential and uniqueness of tourism in ASEAN..Methods: The method used is desk study, covering both literature review and secondary dataanalysis. Results: This study shows steps to be taken for collaboration may be properlyimplemented. Strategies of collaboration are outlined for policymakers to be able to adoptthem. Conclusion: It is expected that through this set of collaboration, drawbacks of fiercecompetition among ASEAN countries may be decreased. At the same time, future benefits oftourism development in these countries is also expected to be evenly shared.



Leadership for Students with Disabilities: Opportunities, Challenges, and Possibilities

Tan King Lok1 , Donnie Adams1

[email protected]

1Institute of Educational Leadership, Faculty of Education, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, FederalTerritory of Kuala Lumpur, University of Malaya, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Education has a strong influence in shaping society, professionalsand leaders are a critical leverage point in creating a sustainable inclusive society. However,limited leadership opportunities for students with disabilities in ASEAN have raised questionson the evolvement of a sustainable inclusive society. Therefore, this study intends to elucidatethe leadership opportunities in co-curriculum activities for students with disabilities in aMalaysian secondary school. Methods: Qualitative methodology is employed and a case studyapproach was used as the research design in this study. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews from a sample of one school senior assistant in special education and 4special education teachers in a Malaysian secondary school. Results: The findings of the studyreveal the current leadership opportunities for students with disabilities in co-curriculumactivities, the challenges these students faced and possibilities to improve the leadershipdevelopment of students with disabilities from the perspectives of the school’s seniorassistant and special education teachers. Conclusion: Findings of this study will benefit thepolicy makers, school leaders, special education teachers, and students with disabilities. Itprovides a necessary foundation for new initiatives supporting the continuous improvementsof students with disabilities in their holistic development.



Synthesis of Spherical Zinc Powder Using Distillation Method

Nugraha BA1, Darsono N2, Gustianto G3, Widayatno WB1, Aryanto D1, Basyir A1, Wismogroho AS1, Sudiro T1, Sugiarti E1, Desiati RD1, Hermanto B1

[email protected]

1Research Center of Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Gedung440-442, Setu, 15314 South Tangerang, Indonesia. 2Research Center of Metalurgy andMaterial, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Gedung 470 , Setu, 15314South Tangerang, Indonesia. 3PT. Sigma Utama Paint, Jalan Landbau No. 1, Cibinong, 16810Bogor, Indonesia.

Zinc powder is an active material, used for anti-corrosion paint due to its ability to formmetallic zinc film that acts as physical barrier, as well as providing cathodes protection forunderlying steel. In this research, zinc powder has been produced from zinc ingot, with purityof 99,95%, using distillation method in a vacuum and inert condition. Zinc ingot is heated inthe closed-loop reactor at 420, 750, and 920 O C under inert gas flow. The morphology andparticle size were observed using 3D Optical Microscope, while the phase and purity of zincpowder were evaluated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and SEM-EDX, respectively. The resultsshowed that spherical zinc powder with particle size of less than 10 µm can be obtained usingdistillation method.



Gold Nanoparticles Supported On Reduce Graphene Oxide As Heterogeneous Catalysts.

Amir MNI1, Ma’amor A1, Muhd Julkapli N 2

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.2Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Universityof Malaya, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: The activity of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) supported ongraphene is superior compared to other oxide supports since graphene modulates theelectronic density on the MNPs that can result in minimizing MNP size growth and develop astrong metal–support interaction necessary to avoid metal leaching. In addition, theproperties of graphene as support can be modified and its electronic effects tuned by thepresence of defects, oxygenated functional groups and heteroatoms. The use of graphene assupport can increase the catalytic reaction rates as the adsorption capacity of graphenebringing substrates and reagents close to the active sites of MNP. In this study, graphene oxide(rGO) used as a support to increase the surface area and adsorption rate of substrate ontogold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Methods: Prior to rGO, GO was synthesized using improvedHummers’. The gold was impregnated with rGO with gold before drying and calcinationprocesses. Results: A multilayer rGO sheet assembly with a high and uniform density with Aunanoparticles spherical shape demonstrated the particle size distribution of Au ranging from20 to 9 nm. The EDS analysis indicates well dispersed formation AuNPs on rGO sheets. TheXRD analysis showed rGO peak with disappearance of 2θ=10.6o , indicated the reduction ofGO by NaBH4 . The XRD patterns of AuNPs were observed at the 2θ peaks of 39o , 45o , 63o

and 76o and were assigned as (111), (200), (220) and (311) crystal face of Au (JCPDS No: 4-0784). Conclusion: The present study showed that AuNPs supported on rGO were preparedby reducing HAuCl4 precursor with sodium citrate that containing GO. Good particle sizedistribution of Au on rGO was suitable candidate as an effective heterogeneous catalyst.

Figure 1. FESEM images showing Au nanoparticles on rGO and illustration by chemicalstructure based on EDS analysis



Upper-Limb Muscle Activities During Oil Palm Harvesting Activity: A Biomechanical Basis For A Functional Exoskeleton Design

Harith HH1 , Mohd MF1 , Nai Sowat S1

[email protected]

1Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UniversitiPutra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: An exoskeleton is designed to assist a person in performingspecific tasks. Therefore, understanding the overall effects of the interaction between theproposed system and the human body, and work productivity is imperative. Harvesting oilpalm fruits is a laborious activity and presenting risk of musculoskeletal diseases in the longterm. The activity includes carrying and handling a harvesting pole, scouting for harvestablefresh fruit bunches and cutting the oil palm fronds and fruit bunches. These activities involveextensive usage of the upper limbs. Furthermore, it is very dependent on foreign laborers,hence labor shortage is an impending challenge. An exoskeleton system is a potentialalternative to total mechanization of the activity, as it focuses on optimizing the humanpotential. A prototype was developed to assist pole carrying. In this study, we investigated theeffect of wearing the prototype on the activity of selected muscles during harvesting.Methods: Electromyography (EMG) data of three muscles, biceps brachii (BB), anterior deltoid(AD) and trapezius were collected from 10 subjects while performing these tasks with andwithout the prototype. Ethical approval for the experimental design from the university andinformed consent from each subject were obtained prior to data collection. We categorizedthe activity into three tasks: raising and lifting the pole, tugging the pole and carrying the pole.Results: Results showed that muscle activities reduced when performing all three tasks withthe prototype. Conclusion: The main function of the prototype is supported through thereduced muscle activities of the upper limbs. The results also may suggest the possibilityworking faster or longer with the assistance from the prototype. However, the long-termeffect of using the prototype should be investigated further.



Taro (Colocasia Esculenta) Leaves as Hydrophobic Bio-wax Coating for Recycled Grocery Paper Bags

Pineda PA, Junio CJ, Dupiano X, Posugac L, Boadilla JT, Deduque J, Sanchez A, Sereno A, Campos CC

[email protected]


According to the Ocean Conservancy and McKinsey Center for Business and Environment in2015, the Philippines was ranked as the third-largest source of discarded plastic that ends upin the ocean. For this reason, the use of paper bags is recommended; however, consumersstill view the use of plastic bags as the most convenient way of storing and packagingmiscellaneous items because it is more durable than paper bags. In order to solve theseproblems, this research aimed to produce a hydrophobic bio-wax coating from taro leavessuitable for recycled grocery paper bags. This study utilized solvent-extraction method toisolate the bio-wax from the taro leaves and coated it onto the surface of the recycled grocerypaper bags to identify the wax suitability to paper bags and to produce a hydrophobic paperbag capable for industrialization. The hydrophobic paper bag was subjected to various testssuch as charring, hydrophobicity test, anti-microbial test, and liquid dropping test todetermine its reliability and viability for industrial uses. The data gathered was statisticallyanalyzed through Descriptive Statistics and Paired T-test. The coated paper bag was observedto exhibit the same hydrophobic properties to that of the taro leaves and was impenetrable toliquids except for oil and other solvents. Therefore, the use of taro leaves (ColocasiaEsculenta) as hydrophobic bio-wax coating for recycled grocery paper bags would not onlyreduce the usage of plastic bags but could also be a great contributing factor to reduce thedetrimental effects of pollution to the environment.



Establishing an In Vitro Model of Chondrocyte Cell Death sing SW1353 Cells

Pang KL1, Chin KY1 , Abd. Ghafar N2, Soelaiman IN1

[email protected]

1Department of Pharmacology, 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative jointdisease with chondrocyte death as one of its features. An in vitro model of chondrocyte celldeath will facilitate drug discovery process for the treatment of OA. In this study, thecytotoxicity and mode of cell death of SW1353 chondrocytes treated with OA inducers,including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and monosodium iodoacetate(MIA), were investigated. Methods: SW1353 chondrocytes were challenged with a series ofconcentration of IL-1β, H2O2 and MIA for 24h and the cytotoxicity of each compound wasassessed via MTS assay. Subsequently, the mode of cell death was assessed at IC 25 and IC 50for each inducer via flow cytometry using fluorochrome-labelled Annexin V/propidium iodidedual staining. The microscopic pictures for control and treated cells were also taken formorphological comparison. Results: H2O2 and MIA induced a concentration-dependentchondrocyte cell death after 24h. H2O2 treatment induced a mixed apoptosis/necrosis(secondary apoptosis) event in chondrocytes with the appearance of cell rounding, cellshrinkage, and cellular debris upon microscopic examination. Early apoptosis was the mode ofcell death primarily detected in MIA-treated chondrocytes with no morphological change ascompared with the control. After 24h-IL-1β treatment, no cytotoxic event and cellularmorphological changes were observed in SW1353 chondrocytes at concentrations up to 100ng/mL. Conclusion: Each OA inducer exerts different effects on SW1353 chondrocyte cell fate.MIA serves as a suitable OA inducer for SW1353 chondrocyte apoptosis study.



The Protective Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol in Preserving Bone Strength in a Rat Model of Advanced Osteoporosis Induced by Oestrogen Deficiency

Chin KY1, Mohamad NV1, Soelaiman IN1

[email protected]

1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, JalanYaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Oestrogen deficiency is the most important contributor toosteoporosis among postmenopausal women. Identification of a novel antiosteoporosis agentis critical in preventing healthcare burden related to osteoporotic fractures. Annattotocotrienol has been shown to prevent bone loss in gonadectomised animals but its curativeeffects remain elusive. This study aims to determine the effects of annatto tocotrienol onbone strength and calcium level in an ovariectomised rat model of advanced bone loss.Methods: Eight-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into five groups(n=6/group). The baseline group was sacrificed upon receipt. The other three groups wereovariectomised and rested for two months for the development of bone loss. Two monthspost-surgery, the ovariectomised were treated with refined olive oil (negative control),annatto tocotrienol (60 mg/kg body weight) and raloxifene (1 mg/kg body weight) orally dailyfor two months. The sham group was subjected to similar surgical and treatment stress. Therats were sacrificed and their left femurs were harvested for biomechanical strength test andbone calcium content assay. Results: Ovariectomy caused a significant reduction in femoralload, stiffness, stress, elasticity and bone calcium content in the rats (p<0.05 vs the shamgroup). Treatment with annatto tocotrienol reversed all these changes (p>0.05 vs theovariectomised controls) except in stiffness. The effects of raloxifene were comparable withannatto tocotrienol with no significant difference between the two treatments (p>0.05).Conclusion: Annatto tocotrienol can reverse deterioration of bone strength induced byoestrogen deficiency in rats and its effects are comparable with raloxifene. Therefore, it is apotential drug candidate to be developed to prevent osteoporotic fractures.



Development of an Oral Vaccine For Acinetobacter Baumannii: Displaying Antigenic Proteins on the Bacillus Subtilis Spore Surface

Mat Rahim N1,2,3, Lee HY1 , Strych U3, Zhan B3, Bottazzi ME3, AbuBakar S1

[email protected]

1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, University of Malaya, 50603Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, SetiaAlam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Texas Children’s Hospital Center for VaccineDevelopment, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii; previously considered as the low-grade pathogen has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen causing infection in hospitals andhealthcare institutes worldwide. An increase in the prevalence of A. baumannii in nursinghomes and the community-acquired infections indicated that this bacterium are no longerstrictly hospital pathogen. With an increasing number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strainsreported and stagnant development of new antibiotics, infections caused by MDR-A.baumannii pose a serious threat to global public health and contribute significantly to the costof healthcare, which has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to include A. baumanniiamongst the 12 bacterial species which urgently in need for new drugs. Since the bacteriumcould cause infection in numbers of tissue, mucosal delivery might be in favor as it has beendemonstrated to elicit both systemic and mucosal antibody response. The objective of thisstudy is to develop an oral vaccine candidate using recombinant Bacillus subtilis sporesdisplaying the antigenic protein as tools to mitigate the impact of MDR-A. baumanniiinfections. Methods: Reverse vaccinology technique was employed to identify the antigenicproteins for vaccine development. Two antigens were selected, cloned and expressed in theBacillus subtilis followed by sporulation process. The expression of the target antigens on thespore surface were confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy analyses.The purified spores carrying the antigens were then given orally into mice and the immuneresponses were evaluated. Results: We have successfully demonstrated the expression of thetarget proteins on the spore surface and the oral vaccination demonstrated no toxicity effectsin mice. The evaluation of the immune response demonstrated stimulation of the immuneresponse both in the mucosal secretion and serum. Conclusion: The findings indicating thepotential of recombinant B. subtilis spores as an oral subunit vaccine for A. baumannii.



Tripeptide Gly-Val-Arg Inhibited C-domain of Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme and Reduced High Blood Pressure in Rats

Manoharan S1,3, Shuib AS1 , Abdullah N1 , Ridzwan NFW1 , Mohamad S1,2

[email protected]

1Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia. 2Center of Research for Computational Science and Informatics in Biology, Faculty ofScience, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Molecular Pathology Unit,Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, SetiaAlam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Background and objectives: The structure-based drug design targeting domains ofangiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) is important in the treatment of hypertension.Currently prescribed ACE inhibitors like lisinopril is a non-domain specific inhibitor and thus,produced serious side effect like chronic dry cough due to the accumulation of bradykinin. Thedomain specificity inhibition of somatic ACE by a tripeptide GVR derived from Pleurotuspulmonarius by binding to the specified active site of ACE was carried out in this study.Methods: The in vitro enzyme kinetic study was carried out using ACE and differentconcentrations of the ACE inhibitor were used. To validate the in vitro results, moleculardocking studies were carried out. The 3-dimensional (3D) ACE protein structures weredownloaded from Protein Data Bank (PDB). The catalytic site of ACE’s active site wasdetermined from ExPASy Prosite. Molecular docking studies were performed using AutoDock4.2 and AutoDockTools 1.5.6 software. In vivo, metabolomic and proteomic analyses werealso carried out. Results: Based on the Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis, tripeptide GVR wascompetitively inhibited ACE in vitro. Based on the validation studies, tripeptide GVR blockedthe catalytic site of C-domain of somatic ACE and not N-domain. Therefore, bradykinin canbind to the catalytic site of N-domain, hydrolyse and reduce the accumulation of bradykinin inthe body. Hence, this kind of selective binding will produce less side effects to the patients ascompared to the strong inhibition of both domains’ catalytic sites by lisinopril. Tripeptide GVRsignificantly reduced high blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Based onthe ‘omics’ approaches, after SHRs were treated with tripeptide GVR, this peptidedownregulated hypertension related metabolites and proteins. Conclusion: From this study, itis proven that tripeptide GVR was able to inhibits C-domain of somatic ACE and reduceselevated systolic blood pressure in animal model.



Phytochemical and Toxicity Evaluations of Smilax Myosotiflora Tubers

Rasmaizatul Akma Rosdi1, Mohd Dasuki Sul’ain1, Deny Susanti Darnis2 & Wan Rosli Wan Ishak1

[email protected]

1School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Health Campus, 16150 KubangKerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. 2Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia(IIUM), 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Smilax myosotiflora (SM) is a creeper plant and wildly grows inthe forests of Peninsula Malaysia and throughout the tropical climate regions in the SoutheastAsia. Traditionally, the tubers are used as an aphrodisiac, relievers of back pain or fever and toincrease general health and energy. Previous scientific studies revealed it also possessedantioxidant, anti-enterobacterial and anthelmintic activities. However, the information ofsecondary metabolite compounds and risk of toxicity in the plant are still scarce. Therefore,this study aims to investigate the phytochemical contents qualitatively and quantitatively andthe toxicity risk of the SM tubers. Methods: Selected phytochemical compounds were firstlytested in SM tubers in aqueous extract (SMAE) qualitatively for their exhibition prior toquantitative assay for compounds with positive result. For toxicity evaluation, the SM tuberswere subjected to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for heavy metalscreening and its hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were tested with brine shrimplethality test (BSLT). Results: Saponin, flavonoid and alkaloid were the highest compoundexhibited in the SMAE with 11.1, 9.54 and 4.8% consecutively. Alkaloid, phenolic and tanninwas also found in the extract with lower percentage than 4.6% each. In the BLST test, allextracts showed the median lethal death dose (LD50) were higher than 1000ppm. Meanwhile,the value of toxic heavy metal such as cadmium, arsenic and plumbum contained in the SMtubers were under the permissible level according to the WHO guidelines. Conclusion:Saponin, flavonoid and alkaloid may play the major role in functional activities of SM.Concurrently, the tubers were relatively safe from toxic compound and heavy metal element.Thus, SM can be a potential therapeutic as a herbal formulation provided its quality assuranceand toxicity are regularly checked beforehand in order to avoid any health threat to human.



Acute In Vivo Toxicity Study of Kelulut Honey

Azam NSM1, Soh NAC1, Rapi HS1, Ali AM2, Haron MN3, Ismail N4, Jusoh AZ4, Ismail WIW1,

[email protected]

1 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, KualaTerengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. 2 Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Industry, UniversitiSultan Zainal Abidin, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. 3 Faculty of AnimalScience, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.4 Food Science and Technology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research andDevelopment Institute (MARDI), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.

Honey, a nourishing liquid matter produced by bees and being used thousands of years beforeas food and part of health remedies. Previous study found that honey possess antibacterial,anticancer and nutraceutical properties. Nevertheless, different sources of honey createsvariability in the effectiveness for treating a case. In Malaysia, Kelulut Honey becomes themost purchased honey for its cheaper price due to facile access for the source andcomparable antioxidant content with Tualang Honey. Since presence, Kelulut Honey flauntefficacy in medicinal properties. However, little information concerning systemic study thrustto have no quality control and thus, no safety guarantee for consumer. Therefore, a study wasdesign to evaluate the effect on consumer consumption using Sprague-Dawley rats as the testmodel. An acute oral toxicity study was done following the OECD test guideline 423 with twohoney concentration 2000 mg/Kg and 5000 mg/Kg for 2 weeks. The rats were observed for0.5, 1, 2, 4 hours and daily after consumption for any abnormalities and toxicity signs. The ratswere physically and biochemically analysed and histology observation was performed. Thehigh dose of Kelulut honey does not produce any mortality or toxicity signs for the rats.Besides, no significant difference for physical evaluation in both gender respectively. Thebiochemical analysis of blood and serum also showed no significant difference towardscontrol. Overall, there were no significant difference in all parameters compared to thecontrol indicating that there were no toxicity effect of Kelulut Honey on the rats. KelulutHoney lethal medium dose surpass 5000 mg/Kg and was categorised in category 5 accordingto Globally Harmonized System and it is safe to consume with high dose. However, furthersubacute toxicity study is needed to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of KelulutHoney.



Tribenzyltin Carboxylates as Anticancer Agents: Evidence from Inhibition of Cancer Cells Viability, Motility and Invasion In Vitro to Tumour Growth In Vivo

Anasamy T1, Chee CF2, Chung LY1

[email protected]

1Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Nanotechnology& Catalysis Research Centre, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 KualaLumpur, Malaysia..Background and Objectives: Organotin complexes with carboxylates as ligands are a class ofpotential anticancer agents. However, previous investigations on organotin complexes weremainly focused on preliminary structure-activity relationship of tributyltin and triphenyltinspecies. To complement this, we have investigated the in vitro and in vivo antitumourproperties of two novel tribenzyltin carboxylates with the intention to stimulate furtherdevelopment of innovative complexes as anticancer drug candidates. Methods: Cytotoxicityof tribenzyltin carboxylates in breast cancer cell lines was evaluated using MTT assay. Modeand pathways of cell death induced by the complexes were determined using several methodssuch as flow cytometry aided cell-cycle and phosphatidylserine externalisation analysis,caspase luminescent assay and Western blot analysis. Migration and invasion assays werecarried out using transwell inserts, while in vivo antitumour efficacy studies were conductedfollowing intravenous injection of the complexes to 4T1-tumour bearing mice. Results:Fluorine-substituted tribenzyltin with N,N-diisopropylcarbamothioylsulfanylacetate ligand (C1)and nonhalogenated tribenzyltin containing isonicotinate ligand (C9) demonstrated higherpotency than cisplatin in breast cancer cell lines. C1 and C9 also exhibited better selectivity tobreast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB231) by ~20- and ~70-fold, respectively, than thenormal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A). Moreover, these complexes induce cell death viaapoptosis by modulating intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, arrest cell cycle at G2/M and Sphases, inhibit cancer cell motility, migration and invasion. Additionally, these tin derivativesdemonstrated improved in vivo antitumour efficacy by approximately 25% compared tocisplatin at the same dose (4 µmole/kg), in a metastatic 4T1 murine model. Conclusion:Tribenzyltin carboxylates can be explored as a promising anticancer drug candidate for thetreatment of breast cancer.



Effect of Different Matrices on Endothelial Cell Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Lai HY1, Jiang WC2 , Yet SF2

[email protected]

1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UniversitiPutra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Institute of Cellular and SystemMedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.

Background and Objectives: Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the non-cellular componentssurrounding the cells, which have a variety of function including as a natural scaffold, secreteand sequester bioactive compounds to regulate cellular activity. Each ECM is specific fordifferent type of cells. Major ECM of the blood vessels consist of laminin, type IV collagen andfibronectin. In this study, we attempt to investigate the effect of laminin, type IV collagen andfibronectin on growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and its differentiation intoendothelial cells (hESC-ECs). Methods: Differentiation protocol used in this study was the 6day differentiation protocol, using Matrigel as control to laminin, type IV collagen andfibronectin. Morphology of hESCs and hESC-ECs were observed. Isolation and reversetranscription of total RNA was carried out, followed by real-time PCR to view the expression ofEC marker genes. Immunofluorescence staining of marker proteins VE-cadherin and vonWillebrand Factor (vWF) of hESC-ECs was carried out to confirm the identity of the cells.Results: Prior to differentiation, hESCs on laminin and fibronectin which had larger area ofmonolayer cells differed from the cells on Matrigel and type IV collagen. After 6 days of ECinduction, it was found that expression of EC-related genes (such as VE-cadherin, vWF,PECAM1 and VEGFR1) were significantly upregulated while hESCs were differentiated onlaminin. Correspondingly, immunofluorescence staining also showed that expressions of VE-cadherin and vWF were higher in hESCs on laminin than other matrices. Conclusion: Overall, itis inferred that laminin is the optimal matrix for the growth and differentiation of hESCs intoECs. Indeed, further functional tests are required to conclude the effects of different matriceson growth and differentiation of hESCs to ECs.



Anti-Cancer Activity of Scorpion and Frog

Morhanavallee S1, Naveed AK2, Ruqaiyyah S2

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University,Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Biology, Chemistry and EnvironmentalSciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United ArabEmirates, 266662.

The scorpion and frog have been utilized as traditional medicine to treat various health issues.However, the nature of the activity remains unknown. In this study, we assessed anti-tumouractivity by testing the crude organ lysates of the scorpion (Uropygi) and frog( Lithobatescatesbeianus) against 3 cancer cells; Henrietta Lacks cervical cancer (HeLa), Michigan CancerFoundation-7 breast cancer (MCF-7) and prostate cancer (PC3) and normal human eratinocytecells (HaCaT). Growth inhibition assays and cytotoxicity assays were performed. Theexoskeleton, appendages and hepatopancreas were collected from the scorpion, while theliver, lungs, heart, oviduct, gastrointestinal tract, gall bladder, kidneys, eggs and blood werecollected from the frog. The appendages, hepatopancreas and exoskeleton lysates fromUropygi exhibited potent growth inhibition and cytotoxic effects against all cell lines tested.Moreover, the liver, lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract, oviduct, kidneys, eggs and sera from L.catesbeianus displayed potent growth inhibition and cytotoxic effects against the selected celllines. Further studies are in progress to identify the active molecules. The discovery ofantitumor activity in animals such as scorpion and frog will stimulate research in findingtherapeutic molecules from unusual sources, and has potential for the development of novelantitumor compound(s) that may also overcome current drug resistance. Nevertheless,intensive research in the next few years will be required to realize these expectations.



Proposed Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) Reference Interval for GDM Diagnosis Among the Filipino Population

Maria Ruth B. Pineda-Cortel1,2,3, Jose Angelo A. Bunag1,3, Therriz Mae P. Mamerto2,3

[email protected]

1Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, EspañaManila 1015 Philippines. 2Molecular Biology and Diagnostics Laboratory, Research Center forNatural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Manila 1015 Philippines3The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Manila 1015 Philippines.

Increasing cases of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has prompted studies to identifyprevention strategies, as well as risk factor analysis. However, an important component ofincreasing GDM prevalence is the method and criteria of diagnosis. Various diagnostic criteriaare available to interpret 75g oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) test results, which may causeerror in diagnosis, either undiagnosis or overdiagnosis. WHO recommends fasting OGTT witha cut-off of >5.1 fasting, ≥10 1-hour, and > 8.5 2-hour glucose values (mmol/L). In thePhilippines, Philippine Obstetrics and Gynecology Society established their own cut-off points,that is, fasting of ≥5.1 mmol/L and a 2-hour glucose value of ≥7.8 mmol/L. This is more lenientin diagnosis as it has only two values, and second value is significantly lower, making GDMprevalence in the Philippines high. With the aim of identifying reference interval for OGTT andimproving its diagnosis, we included 290 consented healthy pregnant women who underwentOGTT during their second (n=93) and third trimesters of pregnancy (n=197) by direct selectionof healthy individuals. “Healthy individuals” here is defined as pregnant women free ofrecognizable diabetes, no history of GDM during their previous pregnancies, and free of any ofPCOS, hypertension, kidney diseases, hepatitis, HIV, any infection, and inflammation. Prior toanalysis, all data were subjected to validation by outlier removal. Following non-parametricdetermination of reference interval, the following data were obtained as cut-off points forfasting, 1-hour and 2-hour glucose values after 75g OGTT: ≥5.1 mmol/L, ≥9.2 mmol/L, and≥7.9 mmol/L, respectively. To identify how many of these cut-off values should be met to beconsidered as a GDM case and be compared with the WHO criteria, a total of 406 consentedpregnant women who underwent 75g OGTT were included and diagnostic sensitivity,specificity, and predictive values (PV) were computed as compared with the WHO criteria.Using one cut-off point, our suggested criteria are comparable to that of WHO with 100%sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. While using two cut-off points, our criteria have42.11%, 100%, 100%, and 81.56% sensitivity, specificity, and (+) and (-) PVs, respectively. Withthese results, we can say that the use of one value only from our suggested criteria would beenough for GDM diagnosis among the Filipino population, giving a 2018 prevalence of GDM of28%. The proposed reference interval may also be applicable in other ASEAN countriesbecause of similarity in culture and lifestyle in the region. However, it is recommended thatthis suggested reference interval be tested in other areas of the Philippines, as well as in theASEAN region.



Culture Medium Optimization for Large-Scale Production of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Law JX1, Muhammad Najib Fathi H1, Muhammad Da’in Y1, Mohammad Heikal MY2, Yogeswaran L1, Rusyzmah HI2, Ng MH1

[email protected]

1Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia MedicalCentre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Physiology, Facultyof Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Conventionally, foetal bovine serum (FBS) is used for theexpansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Nonetheless, MSC expanded using the FBS isnot ideal for clinical applications as they carry the risk of foreign protein contamination andanimal pathogen transmission. In this study, we compared the efficacy of multiple culturemediums for the expansion of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs). Methods: Six culturedmediums, i.e. MSC-Brew GMP Medium, StemMACS MSC Expansion Media, MesenCult-XFMedium, MesenCult-hPL Medium, DMEM-LG with 10% hPL and DMEM-LG with 10% FBS,were tested. In addition, the optimum cell seeding density was also determined. The cellswere characterized via immunophenotyping and tri-lineage differentiation. Results:MesenCult-XF Medium was dropped from the study as it failed to support cell attachment andgrowth at P0. UC-MSCs expanded using DMEM-LG with 10% HPL, MSC-Brew GMP Mediumand StemMACS MSC Expansion Media have shorter population doubling time and higher cellyield at all passages (P1 to P3). Thus, only these 3 mediums were selected for seeding densityoptimization. It was found that UC-MSCs cultured with StemMACS MSC Expansion Media andDMEM-LG with 10% HPL have higher yield compared to those expanded using the MSC-BrewGMP Medium when the cells were seeded at low density (1000 cell/cm2). UC-MSCs expandedusing different mediums maintained its MSC characteristics. Conclusion: In summary,StemMACS MSC Expansion Media and DMEM-LG with 10% hPL are the most ideal mediumsfor the large-scale production of UC-MSCs as they improve the cell proliferation rate and cellyield at low cell seeding density. In the future, functional assay will be performed todetermine the quality of the cells.



Cytotoxicity Effect of BHMC and Curcumin through Induction of ROS on Human Liver Cancer Cells, HepG2.

Mohd Ashraf MA1, Yap WC1, Sharifah Sakinah SA1

[email protected]

1Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, UPM.

Introduction: Curcumin is a natural occurring polyphenol derived from the turmeric rhizome(Curcuma longa) possesses variety of pharmacological activities. It inhibited cell proliferationand induced apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Several curcumin analogues have beensynthesized to overcome curcumin’s poor bioavailability as an attempt to enhance itspharmacological activities. One of the analogue is known as 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxybenzylidine)cyclohexanone (BHMC). It is synthesized by eliminating the β-diketonemoiety and modifying it into a conjugated double bond while maintaining the phenolichydroxyl group. Although there is yet many reports on BHMC, curcumin has been proven toact as a pro-oxidant that increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in malignant cells.Curcumin has also been reported able to inhibit the hepatocellular carcinoma via stimulatingthe production of intracellular ROS. Thus, it is beneficial to investigate if the curcuminanalogue possesses similar effect with enhance bioavailability. Objective: This study aims todetermine the toxicity effects of BHMC and curcumin on human liver cancer, HepG2 and non-cancer mouse fibroblast, 3T3 through induction of ROS. Methodology: Cell viability of bothcell lines upon treatment of BHMC and curcumin were determined via MTT assay andconfirmed with trypan blue exclusion assay. Morphological changes of both BHMC andcurcumin-treated cell lines were analyzed using inverted microscope at 40× and 400×magnification. Further analysis on the ROS generation in HepG2 upon treatment of BHMC wasmeasured using DCFDA assay. Results and Discussion: HepG2 was more susceptible towardsBHMC compared to curcumin. This was further confirmed with the trypan blue assay thatshowed significant reduction in the proliferation of HepG2. Morphologically, HepG2 alsoshowed gradual decreased in the number of healthy cells with increasing concentrationswhich can be observed in the presence of apoptosis hallmark. BHMC also significantlyincreased the level of ROS in HepG2 at relatively lower concentration of 5uM. Therefore, sincecurcumin able to exert its pro-oxidant effect, it is suggested that BHMC may also able to killthe HepG2 via increasing the ROS above its threshold. Conclusion: Despite its non-cytotoxicselective effect on 3T3, BHMC has greater cytotoxic effect on HepG2 compared to curcumin.BHMC may also trigger cell death via acting as pro-oxidant that increased the ROS level aboveits threshold.

Keywords: BHMC, curcumin, ROS, HEPG2



Microlipid Encapsulating Vitamin C

Vicit Rizal Eh Suk1, Misni Misran1

[email protected]

1Colloid Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur.

Background and Objectives: Nutrient such as L-ascorbic acid is easily degraded by theenvironmental condition such as heat, moisture, and light. Incorporation of nutrients in drugcarriers could be an alternative to protect the nutrients from degradation, as well as improvethe delivery of active compounds to the targeted site of action. Lipid microcarrier displays theadvantages as a carrier for L-ascorbic acid over conventional drug carriers as they areformulated with biodegradable and non-irritant lipids. However, the main drawbacks are theagglomeration of lipid particles, instability over storage, low drug loading, and the burstrelease of active ingredients. Methods: In this study, stearic acid, oleic acid, andpolyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate were selected to prepare the microlipid carrier.Microlipid was prepared by using the melt-emulsification technique followed with spraydrying at low temperatures. Results: The average size was 149.6±42.8 nm and remainedstable in nano-size even incubated for 28 days. Encapsulation of L-ascorbic acid showed a highencapsulation efficiency of more than 78%. In vitro release study showed that the release ofL-ascorbic acid was significantly reduced in microlipid as compared to bare L-ascorbic acid.Conclusion: In conclusion, the incorporation of L-ascorbic acid in microlipid carrier could be agreat model to be further developed to encapsulate other active ingredients such asnutrients, plant extracts, or drugs.



Effect of Gynura procumbens Extract on Monocyte Adhesion to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs).

Mohd Fauzi N1*, Tan JN1, Jubri Z2, Husain K1, Jantan I3, Buang F1,

[email protected]

1Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, JalanRaja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Biochemistry, Facultyof Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3School of Pharmacy,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Lakeside Campus, Selangor,Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: The progression of atherosclerosis is currently believed toinvolve the interaction of monocytes with the vascular endothelium. This process ispredominantly mediated by cellular adhesion molecules, which are expressed on the vascularendothelium and on circulating leukocytes in response to several inflammatory stimuli.Gynura procumbens (GP), or locally known as Sambung Nyawa in Malaysia, is an edible plantthat has been used traditionally to treat various ailments such as to reduce pain and fever.Scientific studies reveal that the plant extract also possess anti-inflammatory activities. Thisstudy sought to explore the effect and potential mechanism of GP leaves extract on TNF-α-induced adhesion of macrophage to endothelial cells. Methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the effect of GP extracton the cell viability of human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Monocyte-endothelial adhesionassay was carried out to determine the effect of GP extract on monocyte adhesion. ELISA wasused to determine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production and western blotwas used to determine protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1).Results: Cell viability was maintained at 80% following 24 hours treatment with GP extract atconcentration ranging from 5 µg/mL to 60 µg/mL. GP extract (40 and 60 µg/mL) significantlyinhibit TNF-α-induce monocyte adhesion to HUVEC as well as inhibit TNF- α-induced MCP-1production in HUVECs (p<0.05). The extract also inhibited TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expressionin HUVECs. Conclusion: GP extract possessed inhibitory effect on monocyte adhesion toendothelial cells through inhibition of MCP-1 production and VCAM-1 expression. This resultsimplicate that GP potentially have important role in early stage of inflammation inatherosclerosis.



Salient caveats in human regulatory T cell suppression assay

Ahmad Adebayo I1, Engku Nur Syafirah EAR1, Norhafiza ML3, Rohimah M2, Chan YY1

and Rafidah HS1*

[email protected]

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, UniversitiSains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. 2Department ofImmunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus,16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head andNeck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus,16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. 4Microbiology Unit, Department of BiologicalSciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, PMB 4412, OffaKwara State, Nigeria.

Cancer and autoimmunity are critical health challenges of the twenty-first century that requireutmost attention. For the past twenty years, researchers have investigated the impact ofregulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of T cells that modulate the immune system, ensure self-tolerance, and avert autoimmunity. Moreover, recent studies suggest that Tregs hold the keyto a potent immunotherapy against these diseases. However, reproducibility of results is aconcern as some disparities abound in the assay protocols and experimental conditionsemployed in the studies. These differences further confound comparison of outcomes fromvarious studies. Here, we highlight important technical considerations when performing Tregssuppression assay using clinical samples. We emphasised the impact of sample processingmethods, choice of responder T cells, and coculture conditions on the outcome of a typicalsuppression assay. Afterwards, we offer recommendations to circumvent the challenges.Addressing these factors will not only facilitate the reproducibility of results but will alsoenhance accurate interpretation of data.

Keywords: Regulatory T cells (Tregs), reproducibility, suppression assay



Metformin Modulation Effects on Insulin Resistance-Associated Cellular Changes in Human Tenocytes: Implication of Diabetic Tendinopathy

Tan HY1, Tan SL1, Teo SH2, Tunku Kamarul1

[email protected]

1Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Center of Excellence for Research &Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University ofMalaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA. 2Sport Team, National Orthopaedic Center ofExcellence for Research & Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Facultyof Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA.

Background and Objectives: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is reported to predispose totendinopathy. Tendinopathy is a failed tendon healing response. Effects of insulin resistance(IR) that involve the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines could prolong the failed healingresponse. Metformin (Met), an anti-diabetic drug, is reported to reverse cellular abnormalitiesby targeting several pathways. The aims of this study: (1) to determine IR on human primarytenocytes (hTeno) cellular changes. (2) to discover the potential of Met in modulating IR-induced cellular changes in hTeno. Methods: Immunofluorescence (IF) staining wasperformed for insulin receptor β-subunit (INSR-β), GLUT1 and GLUT4. To study the effects ofIR and Met, hTeno were seeded for: (G1) Control: without any treatment; (G2) IR model:hTeno treated with tumour necrosis factor-alpha and (G3) IR model + Met. The cells wereharvested for glucose uptake (GU) assay, qPCR for Scleraxis (Scx) gene expression. Cell culturesupernatant were collected for total collagen assay (TCA). Results: IF staining showed positiveexpression of INSR-β, GLUT1 and GLUT4 throughout hTeno cell membrane. GU assay showeda significant reduction (p<0.05) in fold change of insulin-mediated GU in G2 compared to G1.With Met supplement, G3 showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in GU. The qPCR analysisshowed a significant downregulation in Scx gene expression level in G2 compared to G1; but asignificant upregulation (p<0.05) in G3. In TCA, G3 has a significantly higher total collagencontents (p<0.05) compared to G1 and G2. Conclusion: In brief, presence of IR caused thedownregulation of glucose uptake, Scx gene expression level & total collagen in hTeno. Metcan modulate the IR-related cellular changes in hTeno. Thus, Met could be applied clinically inthe future with its benefits in modulating the inflamed tendons due to diabetic tendinopathy.



Isolation and Characterization of Rabbit Platelet-derived Extracellular Vesicles (P-ev)

Anowar WNW1, Chong PP1, Draman R1,2

[email protected]

1National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL),Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 KualaLumpur, Malaysia. 2Department of Orthopaedics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Malaya, KualaLumpur Malaysia.

Background and objective: Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (p-EVs) are potential in cellregeneration, angiogenesis, and immunity. The activated platelets can release the endosomalroute-derived exosomes (p-exos) and plasma membrane-derived microvesicles ormicroparticles (p-MPs). It has many challenges in sample processing because of small size andclose to each other. Studies have reported the difficulty in isolating pure p-EVs which isimportant to ensure that they are free from contamination for results credibility. Therefore,my study was to optimize the method of isolation of p-EV, to characterize the isolated vesiclesand to investigate the effectiveness of p-EVs in cell proliferation. Methods: The p-EVs wereisolated from rabbit blood using two-steps gradient centrifugation technique which were low-speed centrifugation to concentrate the cell pellets, and high-speed centrifugation to triggerthe platelets to release the p-EVs. The isolated platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) and p-EV wereobserved under transmission electron microscopy to check for size, structure, andmorphology. Subsequently, the isolated p-EVs were used as to supplement the cell culture ofbone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in order to study for theeffectiveness of p-EV on cell proliferation. The results were then compared to fetal bovineserum (FBS) and PRP medium. The culture media were observed from day-0 to day-15 henumber of viable cells was recorded in every 5 days. Results: The isolated EVs were detected,which have the particle sizes from 30 to 100 nm for p-exos and 100 to 1000 nm for p-MP. Inaddition, the platelet sizes were between 2,000 to 3,000nm. The cultured BM-MSCs washighly proliferated which showed longer survival in p-EVs medium as compared to PRP andFBS media. Conclusion: p-EV can be isolated using the gradient centrifugation method whichwere further characterized using TEM. Moreover, the p-EV medium was better in enhancingcell proliferation than PRP or FBS media.



Effect of Adiponectin on Cell Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis of Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells during Unstrained and Cyclic Mechanical Strain Loading

Conditions

Liew JY1, Nam HY1, Murali MR1

[email protected]

1 Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Repair of tendon injuries remains as a clinical challenge due totheir low cellularity and poor regenerative capacity. Stem-cell therapies has been gainingmuch importance for tendon repair where the stem cell has to differentiate into tenocytes bygrowth factors or mechanical stimulus. Adiponectin has been previously reported to promotetenogenic markers in tendon progenitor cells. However, their role in proliferation and collagenproduction in mesenchymal stromal cells has not been demonstrated yet. Here, weinvestigated the role of adiponectin in affecting cell proliferation, expression of tendoncollagen markers such as collagen type I (Col-I), type III (Col-III), and tendon remodellingenzyme, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) under static and mechanotransductionconditions. Methods: Isolated and characterised AD-MSCs had been treated with adiponectinat 100 ng/ml, an optimised concentration in monolayer, and 1Hz-8% of uniaxial stretchingwhich proven effective for tenogenic differentiation in MSC. Quantitative analyses such asalamarBlue assay was performed to check for cell proliferation for 24, 48 and 72 hours; andSircol assay was used to examine total soluble collagen secretion. Expression of Col-I, Col-IIIwas monitored via immunohistochemistry qualitative staining; and expression of MMP-9 wasdetected via immunofluorescence staining. Statistical significance of the data was analysedusing independent student t-test. Results: Adiponectin significantly increased the proliferationof AD-MSCs in unstrained conditions but not in stretching + adiponectin treated group. Totalsoluble collagen has been significantly increased between unstrained and 1Hz-8% strainedgroup, but treating with adiponectin has not enhanced the production of collagen. Stainingresult on Col-I, Col-III and MMP-9 showed highest intensity under stretching influence alonebut lower when combined with adiponectin. Conclusions: Adiponectin at 100 ng/ml isenhancing proliferation of AD-MSCs, however no enhancement in Col- I and Col-III expression.It is postulated that it suppresses the MMP-9 to protect extracellular matrix integrity.



Alteration of Native mRNA Secondary Structure Caused by Exonic SNPs Identified in MMP2, MMP3 and CYP2D6 Genes in Breast Cancer

Chan SC1, Chin FW2, Abdul Rahman S3, Rosli R2,4

[email protected]

1Perdana University School of Foundation Studies (PUScFS), Block D Level 1, MAEPS Building,MARDI Complex, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department ofBiomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine,Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selayang Campus, Jalan Prima Selayang 7, 68100 BatuCaves, Selangor, Malaysia. 4UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience,Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed amongwomen worldwide including Malaysia. Breast cancer related death is mainly caused bymetastasis and poor response to drug therapy such as tamoxifen. The presence of singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in both metastases related and drug metabolising genesmay contribute to interindividual differences in cancer progression and drug response. ExonicSNPs may change mRNA folding patterns that affect the stability of its transcribed mRNA andtranslated protein, consequently leading to either lower or higher protein synthesis.Therefore, this study aimed at identifying SNPs in metastasis related genes of matrixmetallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) as well as drugmetabolising gene of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) in Malaysian breast cancer patients. Inaddition, this study also aimed at investigating the effect of the identified SNPs on mRNAsecondary structures. Methods: High resolution melting (HRM) analysis was performed toidentify SNPs in the exonic regions of these genes. DNA sequencing was carried out to confirmthe presence of SNPs detected by HRM. Mfold (http://unafold.rna.albany.edu/?q=mfold) wasutilised to investigate the effect of SNPs on mRNA secondary structure. Results: A total of 14,8, and 37 exonic SNPs were identified in MMP2, MMP3, and CYP2D6 genes, respectively.Mfold analysis showed four exonic SNPs in MMP2 as well as MMP3 genes altered its nativemRNA secondary structure. On the other hand, three exonic SNPs in CYP2D6 gene exerted amajor effect in altering its native mRNA secondary structure. Conclusion: Findings from thisstudy showed that exonic SNPs identified in MMP2, MMP3, and CYP2D6 genes altered thenative mRNA secondary structure, which may lead to instability of the structure. This mRNAstability alteration may contribute to interindividual differences in tumour metastasis risk andtamoxifen response among breast cancer patients. Therefore, these exonic SNPs may serve aspotential biomarkers for breast cancer prognosis.



Anti-acetylcholinesterase Activity of Decanoic Acid-rich Fraction from Gracilaria manilaensis

Pang JR1, Lim SH2, Wong KH3, Yow YY1

[email protected]

1Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway School of Science and Technology, SunwayUniversity, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department ofChemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine,University Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Anti-cholinesterases (ChE)s are commonly prescribed for thesymptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. They are applied to prevent the breakdown ofneurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) that bind to muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in thesynaptic cleft. Seaweeds are important sources of bioactive compounds for applications innutraceuticals and pharmacognosy. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-ChEsactivity of Gracilaria manilaensis, one of the red seaweed notable for its economicimportance as food and raw materials for agar production. Methods: Hot aqueous, methanoland ethanol extracts of G. manilaensis were prepared through maceration. Ellman assay wascarried out to determine the anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-butyrylcholinesterase(BuChE) activities. The potent extracts were further purified with column chromatography intoa semi-pure fraction. Major compound(s) from the most potent fraction was determined bynuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS).Ellman assay with Lineweaver-Burk plot designs was carried out to determine the type ofinhibition of potent extract and fraction. Results: All the extracts and fraction G showedsignificant positive inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) but notbutyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Methanol extract gave the most potent anti-acetylcholinesterase with EC50 of 2.6 mg/mL. The most potent fraction was fraction G withEC50 of 2.2 mg/mL. NMR and LCMS analyses suggested the major compound in the fraction Gis decanoic acid. Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis suggested that methanol extract and fractionG exhibit mixed-inhibition and uncompetitive inhibition respectively against AChE.Conclusion: Fraction G enriched in decanoic acid possesses anti-AChE activity which actsthrough uncompetitive inhibition. These findings showed a promising insight of G. manilaensisto be served as a nutraceutical for neuronal health care in the future.



In vitro Microbial Interspecific Interaction of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata in Vagina-Simulating Conditions

Chee WJY1, Hamat RA1 and Than LTL1

[email protected]

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and HealthSciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast pathogen that iscommonly isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) patients in clinical settings whileCandida glabrata often engenders complicated VVC. Although both Candida species arenormal commensal inhabitants of healthy vagina, these species could switch into theirpathogenic mode once the balance of microbial community is disrupted. Previously, it hasbeen reported that mixed-species biofilm of Candida demonstrated enhanced virulence ascompared to the single-species biofilm in oral candidiasis. To date, the interspecificinteractions of Candida species within vaginal environment remain underexplored. Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the in vitro interspecific interaction of C. albicans and C.glabrata on their adhesion, biofilm biomass, and C. albicans hyphal formation in vaginal-simulating conditions (VSC). Methods: Clinical isolates of C. albicans and C. glabrata werecultivated in VSC and the cell adherence were counted by colony-forming units. Candidabiofilm biomass was quantified by crystal violet assay in addition to hyphal morphogenesis ofco-cultivated C. albicans in VSC. Results: The adhesion ability of co-cultured C. albicans remainunchanged in nutrient-deficient and acidic-pH VSC as compared to C. albicans and C. glabratacounterpart. Interestingly, C. glabrata exhibit stronger adhesive ability than C. albicans inmixed biofilm under VSC (4.3 times). Additionally, the biomass of mixed-species biofilms wassimilar to C. albicans single-species biofilm, but significantly higher than the C. glabratacounterpart. Despite no difference in biofilm forming ability, C. albicans hyphae wassignificantly reduced when co-cultivated with C. glabrata in VSC, which implies the potentialcompetitive interaction among these Candida species. Conclusion: Collectively, current studydemonstrated that the presence of C. glabrata within the community does not promotebiofilm formation but significantly impaired the fungal morphogenesis of C. albicans in VSC.Moreover, C. glabrata achieved stronger adhesive ability than C. albicans within the mixedbiofilm community. Cross-species interaction of Candida with other vaginal pathogens andstrains should be carried out in future to address the strain-specific circumstances present inthe study.



Modified and Improved DNA Extraction Method for Molecular Detection of Candida Species from Positive Blood Culture Bottles

Yahaya H1,2 and Leslie TLT2

[email protected]

1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, BayeroUniversity Kano, Nigeria. 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty ofMedicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objective: Yeast DNA extraction from sepsis positive blood culture bottles isoften difficult and challenging due to the presence of many inhibitory factors such asabundant interfering human DNA, blood preservatives in the culture bottle and rich bloodcells components inhibitory to PCR reaction, that prevent accessibility of the qualitative yeastDNA for downstream applications. To validate a modified and improved ‘‘in-house’’ methodfor extracting yeast DNA directly from blood culture bottle specimens which is rapid, simple,safe and economical for identification of Candida species. Methods: Six positive blood culturebottle specimens were used for DNA extraction using modified conventional method based onboiling method (thermal lysis) (95°C for 30 min), precipitation of the DNA using sodiumacetate and absolute ethanol, followed by DNA purification using a general commercial kit, allwithin 1 h 20 min. The method does not require the use of lysis buffer, proteinase K or lyticaseenzymes, or harmful phenol-chloroform chemicals, or the use of expensive commercial DNAextraction kit for extraction. Results: The extracted DNA obtained indicated high state ofintegrity and yield. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using universal panfungal ITSprimers successfully amplified the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the extractedDNA samples that led to the identification of six Candida isolates including C. auris.Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid, less costly and environmentally friendly. It is usefulin assisting early detection of bloodstream Candida species. The yield of the extracted DNA isadequate to be used as templates for PCR and simple cloning.

Keywords: Blood culture bottles, internal transcribed spacer, Candida species, DNA extraction,PCR



Novel Hybridized Peptides Induced Toxicity of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (HepG2) via Induction of Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway.

Ng CX1, Le CF2, Lee SH1

[email protected]

1School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University LakesideCampus, 1, Jalan Taylor’s, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. 2School of Biosciences,Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih,Selangor, Malaysia.

Background & Objectives: Short peptides have emerged as promising therapeutics,particularly as lead candidates for the development of novel anticancer agents during therecent years. Previous studies revealed the incredible anti-cancer potentials of peptidesthrough targeting signalling transduction pathways, as well as modulation of cell cycle,tumour suppressor proteins and transcription factors. Of note, they displayed uniquecharacteristics such as rapid kinetics, high potency and low biocompatibility issue. In search ofnovel anticancer leads, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the in-vitroantiproliferative properties and cell death mechanisms of hybridized peptides against humanhepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Methods: Two series of hybridized peptides, ND andDN derivatives were designed based on two parent peptides, NDC1 and NDC2, throughfragments hybridization approach. Modification of amino acid residues at specific positions ofNDC1 and NDC2 was done at the C-terminal. Then, the inhibitory effect of parental andhybridized peptides was confirmed with MTT assay. The cell death mechanism and pathwayswere assessed by cell cycle analysis, Annexin-V FITC & PI assay, caspase -3/-7 assay, LDH assayand western blot analysis. Results: We observed that the proliferation of HepG2 cells after 24hours treatment with hybridized peptides was inhibited in a concentration-dependentmanner. DN1 and DN4 were found to exhibit inhibitory activity against HepG2 cells withrelatively lower toxicity against normal cells. The subsequent assays also revealed that DN1and DN4 did not activate necrosis but triggered apoptosis of HepG2 cells via activation ofintrinsic apoptosis pathway, with no cell cycle arrest observed. Conclusion: These findingssuggest the potential of DN1 and DN4 as cytotoxic agent against HepG2 cells. Nevertheless, itmay requires further investigation to develop better peptide analogues with greater selectivityand promising therapeutic profiles on HCC.



Physico-Chemical Characterization and Invitro Release of Hydrophobic Drug of Arabic Gum-Grafted-Polyethylene Glycol Di-Methacrylate Hydrogels

Sani MI1, Teo YY1 and Misni M1

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Biomedical materials developments including natural and synthetic polymers have shownauspicious characteristics for drug delivery, in terms of response to stimuli and mechanicalproperties. Hydrogels as a biomaterial was synthesized using a natural and synthetic polymerArabic gum (AG) and Polyethylene glycol di-methacrylate (PEGDA) through chemical crosslinking by free radical polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) and Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as initiator and cross-linking agents respectively. The hydrogels werecharacterized via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential ScanningMicroscope (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and the surface morphology was study using FieldEmission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) which reveal the porous nature of the cross-linked hydrogel network. The rheology of the hydrogel was study to measure the mechanicalproperties of the hydrogel and it reveal that the strength depends solely on the constituent ofthe hydrogel. The swelling study shows that hydrogel with high amount of PEGDA have highswelling ratio compare to hydrogels with lesser concentration of PEGDA. Swelling study of thehydrogels in D.I water and buffer solutions of pH=1.2 and 7.2 were study and this shows highswelling ratio in pH=1.2 compare to pH=7.2 and D.I water which shows less swelling. Theconcentration of salts solutions also affects the swelling and it depend on the charge of theions. Furthermore, Quercetin was encapsulated during the synthesis of the hydrogel andencapsulation efficiency was found in the range of 60-85%, the release study revealed asubstantial effect of pH and composition on the drug release. The release was found in therange of 63-80% in buffer solution of pH=1.2 and 20-50% in buffer solution pH=7.2. Quercetinpreserved its chemical activity after invitro release. Consistent with the above properties thehydrogel can be use for target drug delivery applications.



The Influence of Dip-coating Time on Carbon Dioxide/Nitrogen Separation Performance.

Sazali N1

[email protected]

1Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia.2Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF),Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang,Malaysia.

Many advantages of carbon membrane such as being easy to process, excellent gas separationperformance and requiring sufficient energy than the traditional separation process because itis considered to be the future separation technology. Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and P84co-polyimide (PI) blends were used in this research to fabricate the tubular carbon membrane.The impact of the dip-coating period towards the separation and physicochemical propertiesof carbon dioxide/nitrogen, which are 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes,were investigated. The carbonization process was carried out under argon gas flow of 200milliliter per minute at 800 °C with the heating speed of 3 °C per minute. The transportmechanism of fabricated carbon membrane was studied using pure gas permeation tests withthe feed pressure of 8 bar at ambient temperature. After 45 minutes of dip coating, the resultobtained was carbon membrane with CO2/N2 selectivity of 66.3 ± 2.2 and carbon dioxidepermeance of 213.6 ± 2.2 GPU.

Energy Transition


Excellent Performance of Lithium Titanate Doped by Zr3+ from Zircon Silicate as Dopant Source via Facile Method for Lithium Ion Battery

Ahmad S1*, Slamet P1, Ilma N1, Wahyu BW1, Achmad S1, Bambang P1

[email protected]

1Research Canter for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Science, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Gd. 440-442, Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia.

Lithium titanate or (Li4Ti5O12) is one of potential materials applied as anode material forenergy storage device. The material however has poor electrical conductivity and inferiordiffusion property. This study is aimed to utilize ZrSiO4 as Zr-dopant source for synthesizingLi4Ti5-xO12 and to study its properties and performance. In this work, a facile solid statereaction is employed to prepare Li4Ti5-xO12Zrx (x=0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075). Starting materialswere stoichiometrically calculated and mixed by utilizing mortar for an hour than followed bycalcination at 800oC for three hours. The XRD pattern reveals that the shipments to the higherangel of the highest peak are observed and indicate successful substitution process. The half-cell (Li metal/Li4Ti4.95O12Zr0.05) provides the highest conductivity value of the assembled cells,0.15 mS cm-1. Cyclic Voltammetry measurement exhibits that the reduction peak of each half-cell is enhanced as increasing amount of zirconium. The Charge-Discharge test also confirmthat the highest capacity of the cells, 135.0 mAhg-1, is achieved by the cell basedLi4Ti4.95O12Zr0.05. Full cell performance present that Li4Ti4.95O12Zr0.05 own higher capacity atvarious C-rates. Moreover, the specific capacitance of full cell based Li4Ti4.95O12Zr0.05 cansustain 82% after 100th cycle at 0.5C, higher than that that of Li4Ti5O12 (22.4%). It can benoted that ZrSiO4 can be utilize as zircon source to decline the synthesis cost and enhance theelectrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12.

Energy Transition


Greenhouse Gases Emission Reduction Through Waste Segregation Program in Malaysia and Potential Landfill Gas for Energy Production

Josfirin Uding Rangga1, Sharifah Norkhadijah SI1*, Irniza R1, Karmegam K1

[email protected]

1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthSciences Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Waste landfill is a well-known source of anthropogenicgreenhouse gases (GHG). It releases 50% methane (CH4), 45% carbon dioxide (CO2), and 5%landfill gas constituents such as non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs). GHG is a majorconcern globally due to its potential to cause climate change and global warming that willaffect human health, assets, economies, and ecosystem. In Malaysia, waste segregationprogram under Act 672 has been implemented in several states that aims to reduce amountof waste dumped in landfill. The objectives of the study are to determine the contribution ofwaste segregation program to GHG emission reduction and estimate the potential landfilleddomestic waste as a resource for energy production as well as GHG mitigation. Methods: Thecurrent data of waste generation in states (i.e. Johor, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca, Pahang,Perlis, Kedah, and two Federal states; Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya) adopting Act 672 wasobtained from the Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Corporation (SWCorp). The GHG emissionand energy production was estimated using the mathematical equations by TheIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Results: The domestic waste was themain waste disposed of in landfills (82%) followed by bulky and garden waste (13%) and publiccleansing waste (5%). The highest domestic waste disposed of in the landfills was Johor (mean±SD = 850,064.84 ±41,464.04 tonnes/year), followed by Kuala Lumpur (625,928.94±30,729.98 t/yr.) and Kedah (380,326.30 ±52,704.99 t/yr.). On average, 34.32 t of CH4

equivalent to 858.06 t. of CO2. emission was avoided per year. CH4 from domestic waste in thelandfills potentially to be converted to 28,755.87 m3/yr. of biogas to generate 69,014.10kWh/yr. of electricity. Conclusion: Practicing waste segregation and recycling, and planningfor landfill gas capture potentially could reduce the GHG emission in landfills.

Energy Transition


Novel Porang Glucomannan (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) from Indonesia with Hydrolyzed Enzyme for Oligo-glucomannan Production

Anggela1, Harmayani E2, Setyaningsih W2, Wichienchot S3

[email protected]

1Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, GadjahMada University, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia and Department ofNutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS-NFF), Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Korhong, HatYai, 90112 Songkhla, Thailand. 2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty ofAgricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Bulaksumur, Sleman, 55281 Yogyakarta,Indonesia. 3Department of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS-NFF), Prince of SongklaUniversity (PSU) Korhong, Hat Yai, 90112 Songkhla, Thailand.

Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is an indigenous plant in Indonesia and its tuber rich inglucomannan called porang glucomannan (PGM). An alternative way to obtain prebioticporang oligo-glucomanan (POG) was done by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of PGM using β-mannanase. It has ability catalyze β-1,4 glycosidic linked in backbone of glucomannanproducing mixture of smaller polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and monosaccharides(mannose and glucose). The aim of this study was to produce PGM flour in dry process thenproduce POG under optimal conditions by enzyme controlled with the higher prebioticpotential. The PGM flour contained the highest proportion of undigestible carbohydrate(88.6%) with the total calorie is approximately 346.87 kcal/100g. The optimum hydrolysisconditions as following temperature, pH, ratio of enzyme per substrate (E/S), and reactiontime were 37 oC, 5.5, E/S of 1:1000, and 4 h, respectively. It was found that 99.41 % ofoligosaccharides with DP 3 obtained under optimal hydrolysis conditions using HPLC analysis.The highest reducing sugar determined by dinitrosalicylic acids (DNS) method was achieved atthe 4-6 h of incubation. The results indicated that PGM has a potential substrate to producePOG as a functional ingredient with the prebiotic potential.

Keyword: porang glucomannan, oligo-glucomannan, prebiotic, β-mannanase functionalingredient



Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin in Plant Food Supplements and Herbal Medicine Products Marketed in Malaysia

Abdullah SS1, Sabran MR2, Hasiah AH3, and Abdullah R1

[email protected]

1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti PutraMalaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Department of Biomedical Science,Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Aflatoxins (AF) are a group of natural occurring carcinogensproduced mainly by Aspergillus fungi known as A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. nomius. Humancould be exposed to AF through ingestion of food products that are contaminated with thesetoxins. Exposure to AF may lead to acute poisoning (aflatoxicosis), liver cancer and otherserious health problems. The objectives of this study are to build an in vivo – in vitroextrapolation (IVIVE) model for acute aflatoxicosis and to perform the risk assessment ofaflatoxins in plant food supplements and herbal medicinal products. Methodology: Cellcytotoxicity assay (MTT assay) will be carried out using immortalized human, rats and micehepatocytes using several concentrations of AFB1. IVIVE analysis will be carried out to predictthe in vivo dose-response curve based on concentration-response data obtained from the invitro MTT assay, physiologically based kinetics modelling to translate into dose-response dataand to predict the benchmark dose level. To determine the level of AF contamination, 50herbal supplements and herbal medicine samples that are commonly used among patientswith chronic diseases will be randomly collected from online and offline sellers available inSelangor. The samples will be extracted with methanol and water prior to quantification usingELISA assay. An estimated daily intake will be calculated based on the level of AF in herbalproducts, the recommended daily dosage and body weight. The risk assessment will beevaluated using margin of exposure approach as recommended by European Food SafetyAgency. Expected outcomes: Acute aflatoxicosis could be predicted in IVIVE and the MOEvalue of AF is less than 10,000 showing the high priority in risk management action.



Aeroallergen and Food Allergen Sensitisation Patterns Among Malaysian Atopic Patients

Nuzul Jambari1,2, Nurain Nadiah Jaafar1, Atiqah Farah Zakaria3, and Intan Hakimah Ismail4

[email protected]

1Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor, 2Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400UPM Serdang, Selangor, 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and HealthSciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, 4Department ofPaediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPMSerdang, Selangor

Background and objectives: Prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing in bothdeveloped and developing countries for the past decades but true causes that lead to theincreasing cases of allergic diseases has yet to be determined. Several factors linking thegenetic predisposition and environments have been implicated. The type of allergen togetherwith the timing and route of allergen exposure during the sensitisation phase are known to becrucial for the development of allergic reaction. However, data on sensitisation patterns inMalaysia are limited. This study aims to assess the sensitisation and clinical patterns amongpulmonary and food allergic patients attending Serdang Hospital, Selangor. Methods: Overall,120 atopic subjects (aged 6-60 years) completed an allergen diet-focussed questionnaireadopted from EAACI guidelines and were evaluated for their sensitisation to 6 aeroallergensand 9 food allergens by skin prick testing (SPT). Results: Most reported symptoms areassociated with allergic rhinitis (59%), asthma (38%), eczema (28%), and food allergy (26%).Our current findings showed that 76 subjects (63.3%) had positive skin reactions to at leastone allergen. Sixty three subjects were shown to be polysensitised to more than twoallergens. For aeroallergens, sensitisation to house dust mites occurred most frequently, withthe highest to be Blomia tropicalis (92.1%), followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(89.5%) and Dermatophagoides farinae (82.9%). For food allergens, the most commonsensitisation was to prawn (27.6%), followed by rice (10.5%), and squid and clam (both 7.9%).Conclusion: Sensitisation to aeroallergens, in particular house dust mites, are common.Interestingly, some atopic subjects were also shown to be polysensitised to bothaeroallergens and food allergens, warranting further investigation on cross-reactivitiesbetween those specific aeroallergens and food allergens.



Developing a Summarized Health Index (SHI) of Sea Turtles in South China Sea

Samsol S1, Effendy AWM2, Li T-H3, Rusli MU4*

[email protected]

1Faculty of Science Marine & Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 KualaNerus, Terengganu. 2Faculty of Fisheries & Food Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. 3National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium(NMMBA), Taiwan. 4Sea Turtle Research Unit (SEATRU), Institute of Oceanography &Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu.

Negligence upon global sea turtle population welfare has caused it to be decreased radicallyover a short period, forcing into a race against extinction. Estimates of adult population sizeare needed to evaluate population status but include some uncertainties. Primarily, a pointestimate of sea turtle’s population size based on a nest count fails to convey the range of ouruncertainty in the estimated number of individuals in a population. Therefore, this study aimsto incorporate the blood chemistry profile study to ultimately estimating population growth ofsea turtles. This study will begin by understanding the relationship between blood profiles andreproductive outputs of nesting turtles. These reproductive physiological data will then becompared to elucidate haematology's system mechanism for characterizing differencesbetween re-migrant and new nester females. It is hoped that we can foresee reproductiveoutputs by nesting mothers and determine sea turtle population stocks in our waters. Also,this study will help in building a Summarized Health Index (SHI) of sea turtles based on bloodchemistry analyzed, which is capable of acting as a global reference in detecting abnormalitiesof the blood chemistry. This proactive approach will enable us to know an individual’sreproductive output by just referring at one’s blood parameters, which it plays a huge role inaiding us to foretell sea turtle’s population in waters rather than our current reactive approachof acting in response towards nesting data of several years. Therefore, with such outputs fromthis study, we are competent to give immediate responses in saving our endangered seaturtle’s population and refine conservation management (reactive to proactive act), as thisstudy will later pave the way for improvement of sea turtle population welfare globally.



Meiofauna Assemblage Structure from the Southern South China Sea

Nur Sanim A1, Maizah MA1,2

[email protected]

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 KualaTerengganu, Terengganu Malaysia. 2Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS),Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Malaysia.

Marine coastal zone are in constant pressure by human activities. Coastal management playsa crucial role to consider the human impacts on the diversity, and hence determine the meansnecessary to conserve the ecosystem and their associated biodiversity. Meiofauna, inparticular, is an important food source for the higher trophic levels. Moreover, study of thisbiota can be used as an indicator of the effect of environmental changes. Therefore, theassemblage structure of meiofauna was employed in this study to form the baselineinformation for future usage. Temporal variations were sampled in April, July and November2017 in the coastal waters to deeper waters of southern South China Sea (SCS). Meiofaunawas then decanted and identified to the lowest taxa possible in Universiti MalaysiaTerengganu. Total meiofaunal density was 10,444 ind./10 cm2 where the highest density wasduring November (1,585 ind./10 cm2). Dominant meiofaunal group was Nematoda with11,817 ind./10 cm2, followed by Harpacticoida (2,476 ind./10 cm2) and Polychaeta (2,357ind./10 cm2). Previous study done in Terengganu waters had found a higher total density ofmeiofauna in SCS which was 2,424 ind./10 cm2 and dominated by Harpacticoida and followedby Nematoda (mean density of 976 ± 46 and 908 ± 25 ind./10 cm2, respectively). Through thefindings of this study, we can conclude that the baseline information for the coastal waters ofsouthern South China Sea has been procured. Future works include a detailed study ofmeiofauna and the approach by using ecological modelling to contribute to our understandingand management of the marine coastal zone and their biodiversity.



Potential of Silicon Nutrients in Improving Growth of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT)

Chong SL1, Siti Nordahliawate MS1, Xiaolei J2

[email protected]

1Laboratory for Pest, Disease and Microbial Biotechnology (LAPDIM), Faculty of Fisheries andFood Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu,Malaysia. 2Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 80424,Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Melons are one of the most popular fruit in Malaysia which have considerably large areas forfruit production due to its high local demand. However, powdery mildew is one of the mostdevastating fungal disease infecting melon crops grown at open field and greenhouseconditions. Silicon (Si) has been found to be a beneficial element for plants in aspects ofgrowth and development, with its recent potential of increasing plant disease resistance. InMalaysia, there is still little knowledge on Si applications especially in Si roles of influencingplant production. Therefore, this study aims were to determine the most suitable Siconcentration for melon production and to investigate the effect of Si on melon growth. Theexperimental plot was conducted in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) with threereplications for each treatment of Si 0.5% (v/v), Si 1.5% (v/v) and also control (without Si). Alltreatments had been applied as root applications and foliar spraying. The Cucumis melo L. cv.Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) plants were given 25ml (per plant) of Si weekly. Si-treatedplants with root application of Si 0.5% (v/v) were significantly higher (p< 0.05) than othertreatments in average of chlorophyll content (51.3 µmol/m-2) and average of aerial dry weight(244g). This proven our observation of greener and dense leaves but Si 1.5% (v/v) wasunsuitable for melon plants especially by foliar spraying when causing a burning symptom onleaves. Silicon has a potential to produce green leaves that will enhance healthy plant growthconsequently, may improve plant defence mechanism. Therefore, we will further onpathogenicity tests and other physical changes such as cuticle thickness, wax and phytoliththat will delay pathogen invasion.



Utilization of Spray-ILGAR Technique for the Preparation of Titania on Stainless Steel Photocatalyst for the Decomposition of Acetaldehyde

Chandren S1,2, Nur H2, Ohtani B3

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia. 2Centrefor Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia. 3Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan

One efficient method of producing buffer layers for thin film solar cells is the Spray ion layergas reaction (Spray-ILGAR) technique, as it is capable of fabricating homogeneous compactmetal chalcogenide films with high efficiencies. The same approach can be applied in thepreparation of photocatalyst on a substrate in order to obtain a homogeneous and durablelayer. In this work, Spray-ILGAR technique has been utilized in the preparation of titaniaphotocatalysts on stainless steel, which was carried out at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin forMaterials and Energy in Berlin, Germany. The characterizations and photocatalytic testing ofthe synthesized materials were then done at the Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University.The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the titania was disperseduniformly on top of the stainless steel, with a very durable and strong attachment. It was alsofound that the concentration of the titania on stainless steel can be easily varied by changingthe concentration of the titania-precursor solution. Higher concentrations will result in a morecompact and dense layer, while lowering the concentration of the precursor solution producesa less dense layer of titania. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized materials wastested out in the photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde, an organic pollutant, underultra violet (UV) light irradiation. The photocatalytic testing results showed that the samplescan completely degrade acetaldehyde under UV irradiation. Samples prepared withconcentration of titania-precusor of 13.66 mM, temperature of 550 °C and spraying time of 24minutes showed the best results, requiring only 40 minutes to fully degrade 500 ppm ofacetaldehyde.



New Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (Zifs) Derived from Imidazolate Ligands: Synthesis and Structural Studies

Nasri NM1, Tahir MIM1, Ravoof TBSA1,2*

[email protected]

aDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia.bMaterials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology,Universiti Putra Malaysia

Background: Imidazole derivatives are excellent building blocks for the construction of zeoliticimidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a subclass of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)1,2. Mixed-linkers ZIFs with DFT topology have been successfully synthesised using five different types ofimidazolate ligands. Method: Zinc nitrate tetrahydrate Zn(NO3)2. 4H2O and respectiveimidazolate ligands were reacted under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterisedusing Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fouriertransfrom infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), elementalanalysis, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nitrogen physisorption experiment. Result:The crystal structures for new ZIFs indicated that the Zn2+ center was four-coordinated,exhibiting a tetrahedral geometry by bridging imidazolate linkers, and showing that oneimidazolate ligand was the dominant ligand in the crystal structures. Adjacent chains werelinked through mixed ligands and coordinated to Zn2+ to form a three-dimensional network.No evidence was found for hydrogen bonding within the framework. The PXRD patterns ofnew ZIFs showed peaks below 10o indicated the formation of large unit cells of theframeworks. Bands at 1479 cm-1 and 800 cm-1 indicated the presence of methyl and halogengroups from imidazolate ligands. All the compounds exhibited thermal stability up to 573 K.Conclusion: These compounds are currently investigated as the potential of adsorbentmaterials for removal of organic dyes.

Keywords: Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, three-dimensional network, crystal structure,imidazolate



Synthesis, Characterisations and Structural Study of Silicon Containing Covalent Organic Frameworks (Mofs)

Raman V1, Tahir MIM1, Ravoof TBSA1,*

[email protected]

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) which consist of lightelements (H, O, C, N, B, Si) and connected with organic monomers via strong covalent bondsare a novel type of ordered crystalline porous polymers.COFs are usually synthesised byreversible condensation reactions where the reversability originates from the hydrolysis backreaction. Particularly in this research the COFs are derived from Silicon based polyhedralsilsesquioxane and various dialdehydes.The iminie-based COFs reported so far comprises ofthe “Schiff base” type formed by the co-condensation of aldehydes and amines. Theobjectives of the work to develop facile and effective routes for the syntheses ofpolyfunctionalised silsesquioxanes with unique properties that can be tailored bymodifications of the organic substituents Method: new imine type silicon based CovalentOrganic Frameworks (COFs) are expected to synthesis under solvothermal conditions by iminecondensation reaction. The compounds are expected to characterise via Powder X-RayDiffraction (PXRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear MagneticResonance Spectroscopy (NMR) analysis and the topology of the compound was determinedby Scanning Emission Microscopy (SEM).Expected Result: A peak present at low angles in thePXRD pattern indicated the formation of the large lattice unit cell of the frameworks. Thecompounds will be structurally characterised by Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction analysis.Conclusion: The compounds are expected to examine for carbon dioxide capturingapplication.

Keywords: Covalent Organic Framework, Silsesquioxane



Spatial-Temporal Biodiversity and Distribution of Aquatic Zoobenthos and Plankton in Maros Karst Rivers

Dewi Yanuarita S1, Dwi Fajriyati I1, Suharto, MTU1, Sharifuddin AO1 , Nita R1 and Sudjriyana M1

[email protected]

1Aquatic Resource Management Program Study, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries,Hasanuddin University.

This research aims at a)mapping the spatial-temporal biodiversity and distribution of aquaticmacro-zoobenthos and plankton of three rivers of Maros Karst and b) analyzingmacrozoobenthos and plankton species composition andabundance those three rivers. Theresearch was done in May to July 2019 on three stations, namely Ramang-ramang, Leang-leang and Bantimurung rivers. Research variables were spatial-temporal distribution,ecological indices of macro zoo-benthos and plankton and water quality. Sampling of macrozoobenthos and plankton were done in three sub-stations (upper, middle and lower part) ofevery station with three replications every month for the total of three months. Sedimentgrab were used for macro zoobenthos, while plankton net for plankton sampling, alltotalingnine sampling trips. Water quality were measured using WQC. The result showed thatstatistically there is no difference on macrozoobenthos abundances among the three rivers.There were 13 species (Bathymodiulus thermophilus, Cipangopaludina chinensis, Mactragrandis, Melaniodes riqueti, Melanoides tuberculata, Nerita olivaria, Tarebia granifera, Thiarascabra, Tylomelania perfecta, Tylomelania sp., Tylomelania wallacei, Libellula incesta, Turbifexturbifex) of mostly gastropode found.

Keywords: Aquatic Macrozoobenthos, plankton, spatial-temporal, biodiversity,distribution,MarosKarst



Petrography and Petrogenesis: Study of Andesite Kikim Formation at the Beringin Janggut, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Akbar RP1, Harnani2

ridhoputraakbar@gmail,com

1Undergraduate Student of Geology Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, University ofSriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang - Prabumulih KM. 32 Indralaya Ogan Ilir 30662. 2Geology StudyProgram, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sriwijaya. Jl. Raya Palembang - Prabumulih KM.32 Indralaya Ogan Ilir 30662.

Studies on petrogenesis andesite have been conducted at Bringin Janggut, South Sumatra.Tectonically, the region is situated within the western site of Paleogene South Sumatra basin.The area comprises of Tertiary sequences, consisting of Kikim Formation, Gumai Formation,and Airbenakat Formation. The present study employed geological mapping and petrographicto petrogenesis andesite. The results of the identification of geological maps in the study areaas a whole are dominated by andesite rocks in the kikim formation. Andesite rocks physicallyhave a massive texture and mineral composition that is faneric. In Gumai Formations thereare carbonatan sandstones which are dominated by chlorine minerals. Whereas AirbenakatFormations have claystones that have flake characteristics. Petrographic sections reveal thatthe analysed rocks predominantly consist of plagioclase, k-feldspar, quartz, pyroxene,horblende, and orthoclasts. As well as the presence secondary mineralas such as calsedony,pyrite and chlorite. More importantly, the pattern of petrogenesis seems to have beencontrolled by tectonic regions. Therefore, this region shows the occurrence of volcaniceruptions which are characterized by an abundance of plagioclase minerals, k- feldspar andandesite rock-forming minerals such as calsedony, eruptions occur one period during theEocene when characterized by the same composition and mineral proportions.



Changes of Form and Function of Langgar on Traditional Architecture Tanean Lanjang in Tanjung Bumi Madura Indonesia.

Muchlisiniyati S1

[email protected]

1Department of Architecture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur, Jalan Raya Rungkut Madya Gunung Anyar, Surabaya 60294, East Java, Indonesia.

Background and Objectives: Indonesia has a variety of interesting traditional architecture. Atpresent the existence of traditional architecture is increasingly extinct along with the currentof globalization. Madura has a traditional architecture namely Tanean Lanjang. TaneanLanjang is a long courtyard in the middle surrounded by buildings. Langgar is an importantbuilding on the Tanean Lanjang. One of the functions of Langgar is as a place for prayer.Changes of form and function of Langgar due to the economic, social and culturaldevelopment of the community. The purpose of this research is to explore the changes thatoccur in Langgar. Methods: Observations were made on 12 Langgar in Tanjung Bumi Madura.Measurement, sketching, shooting are done to get the current form of Langgar. Informationabout changes in the form, function, and meaning of the Langgar is done by interviewingresidents. Qualitatively analyze data, by comparing field data with literature studies. Results:There are three types of Langgar based on the shape of the roof, namely Bangsal (70%),Trompesan (10%), and Pegun (20%). Langgar roof type is the same as the main house rooftype. Langgar have a stage construction or have a higher floor than other buildings. Thecurrent function of Langgar is not a place to give family advice. Conclusion: The results of theresearch show that the form of Langgar tends to remain constant, but the function of Langgarchanges. The results of this study are expected to contribute to preserving and documentingtraditional architecture Madurese. At present the existence of traditional architecture isincreasingly with the current of globalization.



Acceptance of Community-Based Listening Project in Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

Shasvini M1 ,Azreen Nisha MA2 , Siti Nur Affni A3 , Lim MZ4

[email protected]

1School of Psychology, Faculty of Education, SEGi College Subang Jaya. 2Faculty of AmericanDegree Program, SEGi College Subang Jaya. 3Faculty of American Degree Program, SEGiCollege Subang Jaya. 4Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: This is a study to explore the acceptance of the public in SubangJaya, Selangor, Malaysia towards mental health well-being through community listeningproject. Through community listening project, the trained volunteers offer the public with apair of empathic listening ears. Methods: Two picnic chairs were provided on a publicsidewalk and participants will be invited to sit and talk about anything. The one to oneconversation will be led by a trained volunteer who listened to them using empathic listeningtechniques. There were 249 participants who were listened to through 38 listening sessionsconducted in the past 25 months. The minimum age was 4 years old while the maximum agewas 65 with the mean age of 25.75 years old. In terms of gender distribution, there were 100males (40.2%) and 149 females (59.8%). The majority (59.8%, n=149) of the participants werestudents. Results: On average, participants spent about 16 minutes 09 seconds per session.For each session, there was an average of 6.55 participants. The top 3 topics conversed wereacademic, family and friendship issues. 78 participants have reported that they have no onethat could listen to them like our volunteers. Conclusion: The present findings underlinedthat the community could accept this idea. However, the factors that influence theparticipation for each session varies depending on the media publicity, weather conditionsand accessibility. The finding implies acceptance of this community project and it could beexpanded nationwide.



Fostering Research Integrity in Malaysia Through Responsible Conduct of Research Education

Chau DM1,2, Chai LC1,3, Veerakumarasivam A1,4

[email protected]

1Young Scientists Network-Academy of Sciences Malaysia, 20th Floor, West Wing MATRADETower, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA. 2Medical Genetics Unit, Department of BiomedicalScience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang,Selangor, MALAYSIA. 3Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA. 4Sunway Institute for Healthcare Development, SunwayUniversity, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, MALAYSIA.

Research is conducted to generate knowledge, understanding and insight for the benefit andadvancement of the society. In recent years, Malaysia has intensified its investment inresearch and, as a result, reaped the benefits of scientific advancements and technologicalinnovations. While Malaysia celebrates these achievements, the research ecosystem is alsounder the threat of dishonest and irresponsible conduct of research. This has also led to arising concern over biosafety, biosecurity and dual-use research. These concerns highlight theneed of a concerted effort to promote responsible conduct of research (RCR) in Malaysia. TheYoung Scientists Network-Academy of Sciences Malaysia (YSN-ASM) established the YSN-ASMResponsible Conduct of Research (RCR) Programme in 2015 to promote RCR in Malaysia. Thegoal of this Programme is to foster a culture of research integrity in Malaysia and to leadinternational effort in promoting RCR. This Programme has four main objectives: 1) produceRCR educational content, 2) conduct RCR educational workshops, 3) train and build capacity ofRCR instructors, and 4) conduct research to understand the state of RCR in Malaysia. The YSN-ASM RCR Programme published the Malaysian Educational Module on RCR in 2018(https://issuu.com/asmpub/docs/rcr_module_readonly). This unique Module serves as areference material on RCR and a handbook for RCR instructions. The content is alsocontextualised to suit the Malaysian research culture and ecosystem. Currently, the YSN-ASMRCR Programme is preparing to launch a nation-wide survey to study the landscape of RCR inMalaysia. The goal of this survey is to generate baseline data that can be used to inform policymaking and improve RCR education. As the YSN-ASM RCR programme continues to promoteRCR in Malaysia, we are also forming partnerships and collaborations in the ASEAN region tofoster research integrity.



Pilot Study: Factors Related to Bribe Intention among Malaysian Youths

Aminath Eena M1, Jocelin Ming Ming C1, Wong PY1, Lim MZ1

[email protected]

1Department of Psychology, Sunway School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia.

Background and Objectives: This is a pilot study using Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour(TPB) to understand the bribe intention of Malaysian. Methods: There were 105 Malaysianyouths participated in this study via an online survey using. The minimum age was 18 while themaximum age was 29 with the mean age of 20.49 years old. In terms of gender distribution,there were 58 males (55.2%) and 47 females (44.8%). Majority (94 or 89.5%) of the participantsare undergraduate students. Attitude toward bribery questionnaire, subjective normsquestionnaire, and perceived behavioural control questionnaire were used to measureindependent variables and bribe intention was used to measure dependent variable. Allinstruments show a good internal consistency. Results: The results of the study showed thatattitude towards bribery and subjective norms had a significant relationship with the bribeintention. However, perceived behavioural control found to have no significant relationshipwith bribe intention. Conclusion: Theoretically, the present findings underlined the role ofattitude and subjective norms in influencing the bribe intention. Practically, the finding impliesthat proper attitude towards bribery play a huge role in forming bribe intention.


Platinum Sponsor

Established in 1974, Sunway Group is one of Malaysia’s largest conglomerateswith core interests in real estate, construction, education and healthcare. We area 16,000-strong team operating in 50 locations worldwide, working together toimprove the quality of life of our communities through 12 business divisionsincluding property, construction, retail, hospitality, leisure, healthcare, education,trading and manufacturing, building materials, and Real Estate Investment Trust(REIT).

Sunway believes that sustainability is the key to building enduring communities.Our unique Build-Own-Operate business model powers the growth of thesustainable communities, integrated developments and townships of Sunway Cityin Selangor, Sunway City Ipoh, Sunway Penang and Sunway Iskandar in Johor,which collectively span across more than 5,000 acres.Our three public-listed companies – Sunway Berhad, Sunway Construction, andSunway REIT, with a combined market capitalisation of approximately RM15billion – form a real-estate value chain that exemplifies socially responsiblebusiness practices, evidenced by their inclusion in the FTSE4Good Bursa MalaysiaIndex.

At Sunway, we are committed to the United Nations Sustainable DevelopmentGoals (SDG), and continue to align our business strategies to meet the needs ofour communities in line with the SDG agenda. The Jeffrey Sachs Center onSustainable Development, established at Sunway University in 2016, serves as ahub for the education and advancement of sustainability across Southeast Asia.The Center is the first of its kind in Asia. Through the Jeffrey Cheah Foundation,we provide disadvantaged and deserving young adults access to quality educationby disbursing scholarships exceeding RM402 million as of 2018.For more than four decades now, sustainability and social responsibility (SR) forman integral part of our business framework as we expand our presence worldwideand work towards a sustainable future. We actively engage our stakeholders andthe communities we serve through initiatives that create a positive and far-reaching impact on the nation and humankind. In all that we do, we are driven byour core values of Integrity, Humility, and Excellence.

Sponsorship Acknowledgements

Proten Biotechnology Sdn. Bhd.

Proten Formula Sdn. Bhd.

Partnership Acknowledgements

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