Program Planning_ Dec 2012 (1)
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dr Luh Putu Lila Wulandari, MPH
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What is planning
• Planning is a series of decisions, from general and strategic decisions to specific operational details, based on the gathering and analysis of a wide range of information.
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• A systematic approach to planning health promotion needs to take into account
– assessment of needs and influences on health,
– involves decisions on target groups,
– methods, settings and timing of activities.
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Why Plan??
• The purpose of program planning is to: – devise a program that is appropriate to the health issue
and the identified target group and thus most likely to bring about the desired change
– devise a program that can be implemented within available resources as well as ensure the efficient use of those resources
– contribute to best quality, evidence based practice – demonstrate accountability and fulfil funding body's
requirements – ensure good organisation – ensure the results of the program can be evaluated.
(ACT Health Promotion, 2009)
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Planning Model
• Ada beberapa Model/theori yang bisa dijadikan framework dalam membuat program planning:
– Strategic Planning Process (Bryson, 1995)
– Precede-Proceed (Green and Kreuter, 1999)
– Needs/Impact-Based Planning Model (Metro Toronto District (Health Council, 1996)
– Interactive Domain Model ( Kahan&Goodstadt, 2001)
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Strategic Planning Process ( Bryson, 1995)
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PRECEDE PROCEED MODEL
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Needs/Impact-based Planning Model
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Health promotion Project Planning : Overview of Steps
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Step 2 : Situational analysis/ needs assessment
• Examining legal/political environment, stakeholders
• Identify health needs of population
• Literature evaluation
• Overall vision of the project
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Pendekatan yang perlu dilakukan dalam need assessment
• Kumpulkan informasi mengenai persepsi key stakeholders terkait isu yg dipilih
• Lakukan telaah literatur dan dokumen dokumen lainnya terkait pengalaman dalam melaksanakan program yang sama
• Kumpulkan informasi di masyarakat yang ada ada hubungannya dengan isu terkait
• Lakukan telaah terhadap kebijkan yang ada, peraturan, visi dan misi organisasi, standar profesional, guidelines dan legal aspect lainnya
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Step 3 : Identify Goals, Objectives, (Building up a plan)
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Hubungan antara Goal, Objektif, dan Sub-objektif dengan masalah kesehatan yang kita analisa
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Goal harus dibuat sedemikian rupa sehingga memuat hal hal berikut:
• Place
• Person
• Time
• Amount
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Objectives:
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Some guidelines on how much change by when
• See national goals/targets set by the government
• Look what other people have achieved
• Ask funding bodies
• Check any work on the same health problem
• Compare the size of your problem in your community with surrounding communities
• Check for natural fluctuations of the problem
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Step 4 : Identifikasi strategi, aktifitas yang akan dilakukan, dan sumber daya
yang tersedia • Caranya:
– Lakukan brainstorming terhadap beberapa strategy yang mungkin dilakukan
– Lakukan telaah terhadap aktifitas aktifitas dan program program yang selama ini telah dilakukan
– Lakukan penilaian terhadap sumber daya yang tersedia terkait dengan strategi dan aktifitas yang akan dilakukan
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• Beberapa strategi yang mungkin dilakukan dalam promosi kesehatan: – kounseling dan pengembangan skill
– Edukasi
– Social marketing
– Self help/mutual support
– Pengembangan komunitas
– Pengembangan kebijakan yg sehat (Healthy public policy )
– dll
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Step 5 : Mengembangkan indikator
• Terukur
• Satu objektif bisa terdiri dari lebih dari satu indikator
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indicator
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Contoh logic model dalam perencanaan program
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Terima Kasih
“If you fail to plan, you are planning to fail!”
-Benjamin Franklin-