~Army Corp/EPA Wetlands

~Wetland Delineations

~Wetland Scoring For Mitigations

~Wetland Restorations

~Problem Soils Investigations

~Hydric Soil Delineations

~Teaching/Training/Instruction

~Soil Compaction Diagnosis

~Soil Quality/Cover Crops

~Soil Drainage Issues

~Controlled Traffic Evaluations

~Preferential Flow Issues

(Liq. Manure and Phos.)

~Smoking Tile Field Days

~Meeting Speaker World Wide

Soil Adventures

Professional Wetland Scientist

Certified Professional Soil Classifier

Certified Professional Soil Scientist

Certified Crop Advisor

TDP - Basic Soils Soil Properties 6

Soil Profiles

• Master Horizons

– O has properties dominated by organic matter > 20% organic matter

– A topsoil, mineral surface horizon darkened by the accumulation of humified organic matter

– E a bleached eluviated horizon characterized by the loss of organic matter, clay and iron

– B subsoil, a horizon of alteration or accumulation of material illuviated from overlying horizons

– C Parent material

– R Bedrock

SWPD

MWD

VPD

VPD

SWPD

SWPD

VPD

SWPD

SWPD

VPD VPD

SWPD

MWD

WD

SWPD

VPD

ODNR-DSWR PipelineStandard_12-3-13

Not mandatory requirements unless cited by other laws, rules or legal agreements. Users are encouraged to use them as guidance for development of plans, on‐site practices and implementation or for remediating problem areas.

Definitions Subsoil Subsoil is defined as the soil material that starts at the bottom of the topsoil to a depth of three feet. Exceptions to this are soils where fractured bedrock or hard bedrock is encountered before three feet.

Topsoil ‐ The upper most part of the soil commonly referred to as the plow layer, the A layer,or the A horizon, or its equivalent in uncultivated soils It is the surface layer of the soil that has the darkest color or the highest content of organic matter (as Identified in the USDA County Soil Survey and verified w/ right‐of‐way samples).

Topsoil is described as all surface and near surface soil horizons (layers) that have a moist Munsell color value of 4 and chroma of 3 or darker and a clay content increase of 10% or less between the individual horizons. On agricultural land at least the top eight inches will be considered topsoil. Horizons with up to a twenty‐five percent mixing of the subsoil into the topsoil by agricultural processes will still be considered topsoil.

In areas demonstrating substantial soil erosion, topsoil colors may be lighter than a moist Munsell color value of 4 and chroma 3. In these areas the top 8 inches will be considered topsoil. Surface horizons with a moist Munsell color value of 4 and chroma of 3 or darker in forested areas that have not been plowed are typically thinner. In these areas the top six inches will be considered topsoil. In areas where the above conditions do not apply, the top eight inches will be considered topsoil on agricultural land and the top six inches will be considered topsoil on forested land that has not been plowed.

• D. Soil Removal and Protection • 1. Topsoil and subsequent horizons shall be • determined by a properly qualified • inspector, soil scientist or soil technician • who will set stakes or flags every 200 feet • along the right‐of‐way identifying the depth • of topsoil to be removed. Topsoil will be • stripped to the actual depth of the topsoil, • not to exceed 16 inches (see Figure 2).

Proposed Alternative:

• Use Soil Survey Maps • Save Typical Stated Topsoil Depth, minus 2 inches • Problems: • Map Units may contain several Different Soil

Components • Named Component will have a range of Top Soil

Depths • Who wants to lose several thousands of years

worth of Topsoil (Minus 2 Inches) after you’ve spent your whole life trying to build it up…???

AOP CERTIFIED SOIL SCIENTISTS: Meet National Standards through the Soil Science Society of America Are qualified Are professional Have earned one or more of these degrees with an emphasis in soil science:

Bachelor of Science Master of Science PhD www.ohiopedologist.com

Have field experience Meet continuing education requirements

Association of Ohio Pedologists Consultant List

Sensitive Agricultural Soils • areas of cropland, hayland, or pasture that are more

• susceptible than other agricultural soils to construction

• disturbance due to slope, relative soil wetness, and/or

• shallowness to bedrock. Wetness conditions are the result of

• factors such as landscape position, soil texture, seasonal water

• table and/or slowly permeable subsoil horizons (e.g., areas of

• laterally draining subsoils). All sensitive agricultural soils including, but not limited to, those identified in the county soil survey as

• fragipans, lacustrine soils, dense basal tills, soils with a

• seasonally high water table,

• or soils with less than 5 feet of depth to bedrock are to be located and identified on the project map

Sensitive Agricultural Soils

• Dense Till: Hoytville, Nappanee, Blount, Pewamo, Glynwood, Bennington, Cardington, Mahoning, Etc…

• Lacustrine: Paulding, Roselms, Latty, Fulton

• Fragipans: Wooster, Canfield, Wadsworth, Ravenna, Rittman

• Seasonally High Water Table: Hoytville, Nappanee, Blount, Pewamo, Glynwood, Bennington, Paulding, Roselms, Latty, Fulton, Mahoning, Trumbull, Wadsworth

Ohio NRCS FOTG Lists by County https://efotg.sc.egov.usda.gov/

Triple Lift

Topsoil shall be removed following clearing and prior to any activity by any equipment or delivery trucks. Inspector shall monitor the site specific depths of Topsoil stripping Topsoil removed the full width of the right of way and stock piled along either edge and on the right of way.

• Topsoil must be replaced so that after Settling occurs, the topsoil’s original depth and contour is restored.

• In no instance, will the topsoil materials be used for any other purpose or removed from the right of way.

Minimum Cover

• Maintain a minimum of 60 inches of cover over the pipeline.

• Unless:

• Bedrock encountered ~ Minimum 36 inches

• Brushy and Wooded land not suitable for Cropland ~ Minimum 36 inches

Rocks

The cover within the pipeline trench, borepits, or other excavations shall not be backfilled with soil containing rocks of any greater concentration or size than existed prior to the pipeline construction.

Rocks used for Pads, Roads, Etc…

The use of durable geotextile matting as an underlayment to help prevent rock and stone from becoming embedded in the subsoil

Structure Types

Ripping Prior to topsoil replacement, the subsoil shall be fractured by deep ripping to a depth of 16 inches below the surface of the subsoil. Maximum teeth spacing of 16 inches. All stone and rock material (3) inches and larger in size which has been lifted to the surface shall be collected and removed from the site for disposal.

Topsoil Replaced (Manure Research). Full Soil Profile Subsoiled to a depth not to exceed 16 inches. All 3 inch or bigger Rock picked Again. Disked 3 times.

Randy Reeder’s Research

• The first time you drive over a ripped area, it will recompact to it’s original structure, unless there are roots to prop them open…

• The Silicate Clay Lattices have a “Memory”…

• Severe Compaction needs roots and OM to heal…

Principals of Soil Health

• Limit Soil Disturbance

• Increase Soil Microbial Diversity

• Grow Living Roots Year Round

• Keep the Soil Covered

• Reduce Compaction

Mike Plummer,

Univ. of Illinois (Retired) Conservation Agriculture Cover Crop Research Utilities and Strip Mines plumermike@gmail.com 618-364-2219

Mike Plummer • This is going to be a 7-10 year project, even if

you save all your topsoil and put your Subsoil and Parent Material (Triple Lift) back in order…

• Expect 75-100% Yield Reduction first 2 years…

• Save your money and leave in Summer Mix cover crops for 2 Years…

• Fall Year 2, plant wheat…

• Year 3, Early August Drill Winter Mix into Straw

• Year 4 Corn planted into Winter cover…

• Year 4 August evaluate Stand/Canopy for <50% Shade and interseed with Winter Mix with Drops, whole Field, Best (build in as a cost of doing business)…

• Or, fly on over right of way (second Best)…

• Year 5 Soybeans into winter Cover…

• Continue W, C, SB with Winter Cover Evaluate Years 7-10 (Especially if Constructed Wet)…

Summer Mix Years 1-2

•Millets

• Buckwheat

•Sweet clover

• Cowpeas

Early August Years 1-10

•Radish

• Turnip

• Annual ryegrass

• Hairy vetch (or another Legume)

•Cereal rye

• Annual ryegrass fine roots

• Move through the compaction platy layers (Even when the surface is dormant)

• Allowing the other plants with bigger roots to infiltrate

• Add organic matter and allow larger roots to develop.

• http://ryegrasscovercropblog.com

Jamie Scott, Indiana

Annual Rye Grass Roots 5 Feet Deep

Annual Ryegrass • Many professionals don’t

know how to manage it, control it or even how to order the right varieties for use as a cover crop

Indiana Certified Crop Advisor Website http://www.indianacca.org/abstract_papers/papers/abstract_112.pdf

64 Page PDF

• Annual ryegrass:

• Facts, Fiction and Management

• Michael Plumer

• Conservation Agriculture

Mike Plummer

• In May follow up with the summer annuals again

• Then the winter annuals in Early August again

• 10 year+ type of project in many cases.

• Rarely do I see crop yields getting back to near normal for 5-7 years or more.

Mike Plummer

• Alfalfa has not worked very well

• Unless it is used only with a perennial grass

• Clipped 2x a year

• And left undisturbed for 4 + years.

Jay and Dave Brant

• Agree with Mike Plumer’s Mix

• Substitute Sudan Grass for Millet and Mow once, 10 inches or higher…

Allen Dean, Williams County

• Agrees with Mike Plumer’s Mix

• Would stick with the Millet because of the Height of the Sudan Grass (8Feet)

• Would Add Sweet Clover in Nov…

Your Land/Your Plan • Use the ODNR Pipeline Standard as a Starting

Point. (Add Cover Crops)

• Get a second opinion of Professionals (Major Surgery) Soil Scientists, Lawyers, Ditchers, Cover Crop

• Plan Ahead.

• Get the Details in Writing (Contract).

• Camp Out with a Dedicated Note Book (Phone Numbers), Tape Measure and Digital Camera (Who, What, Where and When. Record it all, Good and Bad)

Your Land/Your Plan

• Have an Alternate Inspector to back you up when you can’t be there.

• Refer to the Plan.

• Make sure the Details Happen.

• Have a comparison plot adjacent to right of way keep yield records (OSU ~ Steve Culman).

• This will be a minimum 5 year and more likely a 7-10 Year Project.

Your Land/Your Plan

• Whatever you do, Don’t…!!!: • Just take the money and do nothing for

the Land… • This is Forever… • Your Kids… • Your Grand Kids… • Great Grand Kids… • Great, Great Grand Kids…

~Army Corp/EPA Wetlands

~Wetland Delineations

~Wetland Scoring For Mitigations

~Wetland Restorations

~Problem Soils Investigations

~Hydric Soil Delineations

~Teaching/Training/Instruction

~Soil Compaction Diagnosis

~Soil Quality/Cover Crops

~Soil Drainage Issues

~Controlled Traffic Evaluations

~Preferential Flow Issues

(Liq. Manure and Phos.)

~Smoking Tile Field Days

~Meeting Speaker World Wide

Soil Adventures

Professional Wetland Scientist

Certified Professional Soil Classifier

Certified Professional Soil Scientist

Certified Crop Advisor