Professional Ice Melter - Spring Valley Ice Melter Information Guide 5 Carefully evaluate the...

Professional Ice Melter�

Information Guide

Professional Ice Melter Information Guide

Helpful hints are given toprovide users with ideas toimprove the effectiveness oftheir ice melt program.

INTRODUCTIONWhen old man winter comes knocking on your door you will

need an ice melter you can count on to provide peace of mind

for protection against slip and fall accidents. Your challenge

is to choose the right product without being misled by

exaggerated advertising claims.

Snow and ice melters are available atvarious costs and melting capabilities.When choosing which de-icer to use, you’llneed to consider melting speed, potentialdamage to concrete and greenery, workerexposure, cost, toxicity, spreadability andcorrosion resistance then relate theresponse each product has to these needs.

As with many products, tradeoffs are madeas to cost and effectiveness. Materials suchas rock salt may be easy on the budget, butlose effectiveness at low temperatures andpossess a great potential for damage toconcrete and vegetation. On the otherhand, calcium chloride products, whileeffective to -25° F, are expensive, creategreasy surfaces when tracked indoors andthe applicators greatest threat concerningworker exposure issues.

This information guide describes many of the common ice melterstoday and evaluates their strengths and weaknesses. By looking beyondthe advertised claims you can make informed decisions as to which de-icer is best for you.

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Copyright Notice

Copyright © 1998 Spring Valley. All Rights Reserved.Reproduction ortranslation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by section107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without thepermission of the copyright owner is unlawful. No part of thispublication my be reproduced,transmitted,transcribed,stored in aretrieval system or translated into any language or computer language,in any form or by any means, including but not limited to electronic,magnetic, mechanical,optical,chemical,manual or otherwise, withoutthe prior written permission of Spring Valley. Requests for permissionor further information should be addressed to Spring Valley.

Trademarks

Professional Ice Melter is a registered trademark of Spring Valley.


Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Copyright Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

How De-icers Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Performance Considerations . . . . . . . . . 5-15

Melting Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Potential Damage to Concrete . . . . . . . . . 7

Handling Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Traction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Tracking Residue . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Melting Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Side Effects to Vegetation . . . . . . . . . 11

Corrosiveness to Metals . . . . . . . . . 12

Volume Melted . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Shelf Life and Storage Limitations . . . . . 13

Particle Size,Shape and Uniformity . . . . . 14

Common Ice Melting Components . . . . 16-19

Sodium Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Potassium Chloride. . . . . . . . . . 17

Urea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Magnesium Chloride . . . . . . . . .17

Calcium Chloride . . . . . . . . . . 17

CMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Liquid Potassium Acetate . . . . . . 18

MG-104. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Summary and Suggestions . . . . . 20

Professional Ice Melter . . . . . . 21

TABLE OF CONTENTS

HOW DE-ICERS WORK THE BASICS

Of the snow and ice melter products available, nearly all are

derived from seven or eight materials or blends of these

components. Generally, all de-icing materials work much in

the same way: they must first attract sufficient moisture to

form a liquid brine. This solution then lowers the freezing

point of water thus melting ice and snow.

Under normal conditions, de-icers begin by breaking the hydrogenbond that forms when water freezes. They then dissolve their waydownward through the ice or snow until they reach the pavement. Once there, the accumulating brine undermines the ice to break itsbond from the pavement. When loose, the ice or snow is easily removed.

The ability for de-icers to remain effective dependson the concentration of the brine solution.Basically, the greater the concentration, the betterthe performance in melting more snow and ice at lower temperatures.Some products (like calcium chloride) are greatly affected by the dilutionof the brine once the melting process begins, becoming more prone torefreeze at higher temperatures. For example,at a brine concentrationof 10%, a product may be effective to -2° F. As it dilutes to 5%, it mayrefreeze at +18° F. This is why a product may melt very quickly at firstthen slow down, or completely stop, as its brine concentration decreases.

How De-icers Work “The Basics”

The key to effective meltingbegins by choosing the rightproduct to use. Since it isnecessary for dry-appliedproducts to form a brinebefore melting occurs, besure to pay particularattention to whether yourde-icer is capable of forminga brine at the temperatureapplied and the rate usedwill provide an adequatebrine concentration.

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1 Application is made to ice surfaces.2 De-icer begins to absorb moisture and form brine.3 Brine continues to bore through the ice.4 Solution penetrates through the ice to pavement.5 Brine fans out on pavement undermining bonded ice.


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Carefully evaluate theperformance considerationsand use commonsense whenchoosing your de-icingproducts. Do not be pennywise and dollar foolish. Formaintenance in high trafficareas use only top-notchperformance products formaximum protection againstaccidental falls. Note whichice melting PerformanceConsideration are importantto you and your locations.

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Performance ConsiderationsWhen choosing a snow and ice melter your primary objective

is to use a product that will provide maximum performance

against accidental falls.

Other issues include:

• How fast and how long will it work?

• What is its potential effect on concrete?

• What is the long-term effect on the applicator?

• What are the side effects on concrete and vegetation?

• How does particle size and shape influence the melting capability?

• What about shelf life and storage limitations?

With all performance variables considered, you’re still faced with thedifficult decision of finding the best product for you. Few will possessthe qualities that are most important to you and still fit into the budget.

Performance Considerations

While melting speed may notdiffer from various de-icerswith temperatures above 25° F,consider using ice meltersthat contain calcium chlorideand /or magnesium chloridefor maximum melting speedat colder temperatures.

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Melting SpeedIn today’s fast-paced society, we want products to perform and we wantthem to work fast under even the most severe winter conditions!However, some snow and ice melters take longer towork than others.

Generally speaking, the speed at which a de-icer beginsto work is determined by its ability to form a brine andis therefore influenced by how rapidly it can absorbmoisture. Temperature plays an important role whencomparing melting speeds of various components.Nearly all de-icers will attract moisture when appliedabove 25° F. By contrast, most salt and potassium-based products show little to no ice penetration oncetemperatures slip down to 15° F or lower.


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Reducing the frequency offreeze /thaw cycles willminimize spalling andsurface flaking on concretesurfaces. Use ice melterswhich are routinely effectivebelow 0° F to provide thebest protection.

Before most common de-icersare used on concrete, alwaysallow the surface to cure forone year. In addition, makesure your concrete hasproper air entrainmentaccording to Cold WeatherConcrete Specifications asdescribed by the PortlandCement Association.

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Potential Damage to ConcreteA common misconception is that concrete damage occurs because theice melter chemically attacks the surface. Chemically, sodium chlorideis no more damaging to concrete than is calcium chloride. In fact, noneof the commonly used ice melter materials have any chemical actionagainst concrete.

All concrete contains small micropores into which water will penetrate.Any damage that occurs is a physical interaction between expandingwater as it freezes in the pores of the concrete. By minimizing thefreeze/thaw cycle, de-icers with low melting temperatures also reducethe degree of spalling and surface crumbling that takes place with morefrequent freeze/thaw cycles.

Damage to concrete is also minimized by containing the proper airentrainment for the environment where it is used. These micropores inthe concrete increase its strength, thus allowing the use of ice melters atcolder temperatures. Contact your local reputable concrete manufactureror the Portland Cement Association for details. Make sure yourconcrete has cured for a minimum of 1 year to increase resistance tospalling and damage.


Always read themanufacturers MaterialSafety Data Sheet to reveal safety precautions.

Reduce exposure to skin and eye irritants by usingproducts with reducedconcentrations of calciumchloride.

Traction additives mayprovide a quick fix to slippery surfaces but beaware of the fact they arederived from non-solublematerials that do notcontribute to brineformation.

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Worker Exposure ConsiderationsHandling Safety

Safety precautions and over-exposure to hazardous materials in theworkplace is a growing concern. Generally speaking, the primary safetyconcerns with ice melter ingredients involves their effect when exposedto skin, eyes, and leather.

Unfortunately, products that claim the lowestmelting temperatures (calcium chloride)expose theapplicator to greater hazards. Prolonged or repeatedexposure can cause serious side effects that includeskin (dermal) burns and eye irritation. Handlingprecautions, according to the Material Safety DataSheet, for calcium chloride include the use ofrespirators, gloves and goggles when respiratory,skin and eye protection is required.

TractionRecently, in an effort to increase traction, some formulators have addedgripping components to their de-icer blends. Unfortunately, thesetraction agents are inexpensive forms of sand, gravel or lime and do notcontribute to the purpose of ice removal. In fact, they make removalmore difficult as they clog drains and remain piled after the ice hasmelted. Furthermore, these materials are easily tracked indoors and,due to their grinding nature, can causesevere damage to hard surfaced indoorflooring or cleaning problems oncarpeting.

CAUTION

CORROSIVEAVOID

CONTACT


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Choose ice melters that willalso minimize your risk toindoor surfaces. Selectcolorless or low colorproducts that use lessmaterial to get the job done,and reduce use of materialsthat cause slick, oily residues.

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Tracking ResidueAnother area of concern is the potential damage caused when an icemelter residue is tracked indoors. Nearly all de-icers have theirdrawbacks in this area.The key is understanding how to minimize theresidue and to use products with the least damaging affect on indoorsurfaces.

De-icers that form a solution will form a residue when the brine dilutesand finally evaporates. Residues that are water-soluble are usually easyto remove from indoor surfaces by normal water based cleaningprocedures. Try to avoid products that contain clay particulate and highamounts of colorants. De-icers that are “clean” are less likely to stain, orcause cleaning problems.

Pay particular attention to evaluating the potential volume of icemelted with the volume of material applied. It makes sense to choosesnow and ice melters that require less material to melt more ice at

lower temperatures.Doubling up on theapplication rate may allowmelting to lowertemperatures (see PracticalUse Rate) but will alsoincrease your product costsand residue tracking.

Another concern in thisarea is the oily residues leftfrom calcium andmagnesium chlorideapplications. It should benoted that these materialsare also used as dustcontrol agents due to their

aggressive sticky nature. These materials are easily tracked indoors andcan be difficult to remove from carpet fibers. Furthermore, somesurfaces can become slippery resulting in other safety concerns.


Temperature performanceconsiderations should bebased on how well a de-icerwill work when appliedaccording to the labeledapplication rates. Maximumperformance temperaturesare laboratory measurementsand are often impracticalfor field use rates and your pocketbook.

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Melting TemperatureDetermining the effectiveness of ice melters at certain temperaturesdepends on the freezing point of the de-icers’ brine and the amount ofice melter in solution. Some products have definite advantages overothers in this area.

The key to understanding a products effectiveness begins withdetermining the test method used to support the advertisedperformance claim. While a product may advertise its maximumperformance data from the lab (eutectic temperature) significantlydifferent results might appear when applied at the recommended userate on the package (practical use rate temperatures).

Eutectic temperatures are the lowest temperatures at which brine willstill melt ice regardless of how much de-icer is used. Some de-icers,such as rock salt, may require application rates ten times the suggesteduse rate to reach their ideal concentration (23%) for maximumperformance. As the solution melts the brine it is diluted and willrefreeze again at a higher temperature.

Practical use rate temperatures are a realistic measurement of how aproduct will perform according to the labeled use rates (usually aboutone half to one pound of material per one hundred square feet).Practical use temperatures are those that show obvious melting at acertain temperature within twenty to thirty minutes of application.

Temp.

30°F

20°F

10°F

0°F

-10°F

-20°F

-30°F

Calcium Professional PotassiumChloride Ice Melter Salt Chloride Urea

-25°F

-12°F

+12°F+20°F +21°F


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Both sodium chloride andcalcium chloride aredetrimental to plant growthand should be very limited intheir contact to plants.

Use ice melters that willprovide satisfactory melting performance withminimal potential damage to surrounding vegetation.Remember that salts willaccumulate with repeateduse and over application of any de-icer can damagegreenery.

Check with your localnursery or County ExtensionHorticultural Agent for salt tolerant species foryour area.

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Side Effects to VegetationIce melters can affect plants in three ways: salt spray, salty soils, andsodic soils. Plants vary widely in their response to salts in theirenvironments, with some being very tolerant and some showing notolerance.

Salt spray damages plants by placing salt on leaves, buds, and barkfrom the use of snowplows and snow throwers. This resulting mixture istoxic through extreme desiccation of plant tissues. Buds that aredamaged can prevent the tree or shrub from leafing and flowering thefollowing spring. Salt can also injure the crowns of non-tolerant andnewly seeded turf areas by preventing new shoot and leaf generationthe next spring.

Soluble salts in the soil also have a severe impact on plant life. Even inminute quantities, chlorides are detrimental to the soil microbes thatare essential to soil organic matter formation and nutrient availability.As the concentration of salts increase, they can kill vegetation in muchthe same way salt spray does...by killing the plant and preventingnew growth from occurring.

All soils contain certain amounts of clay particles. Clay has a negativelycharged electrical site that holds onto calcium, magnesium, potassium,and other positively charged elements. When the amount of sodium onthese sites reaches a high level, the clay particles disperse and form awater impermeable layer in the soil structure.

Ice melters containingpotassium chloride andurea tend to have lessaffect on vegetation asboth these materials arealso fertilizers. However,over-application ofeither can cause saltdamage.


Snow and ice melters thatdo not accelerate metalcorrosion (urea and CMA)are generally not effectivebelow 20° F and areexpensive to use. To limitcorrosion damage, use onlythe minimum amount of icemelter necessary and clearthe resulting slush fromsusceptible areas as soonas melting has occurred.

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Corrosiveness to MetalsInterest in the effect ice melters have on metals, particularly steel andaluminum, has been gaining momentum as users evaluate the longterm impact de-icers have on their equipment and surroundingstructures. Several manufacturers have promoted products containingcorrosion inhibitors. These products claim corrosion resistance bycoating the target surfaces with a protective barrier. Of all the de-icersavailable today, only urea and CMA are recognized as preserving theintegrity of metal surfaces.

Corrosion occurs when metal ions combine with oxygen, forming pitsor rust. De-icers containing chloride ions increase the rate at which theoxygen from water reacts to break down metal surfaces.


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Set up side by sidecomparisons of productsapplied with equal volumes(Practical Use Rates) todetermine their effectivenessover a 15-30 minute period.If you are in a region wheretemperatures rarely dipbelow zero, expensiveproducts that claimperformance to -25° F mightbe overkill. Conversely ,itwould not be practical torely on sodium chloride,potassium chloride, urea, orCMA for protection againstslip and fall accidents whentemperatures fall below 20° F.

Granules should be uniformin size and free flowingregardless of humidity andtime in storage.

While calcium and magnesiumchloride are poor candidatesfor storage in pure form,using them as part of ablend utilizes their ability tomelt ice without storageproblems.

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Volume MeltedWhen all the facts are considered it ’s easy to determine which productswill outperform others when evaluating volumes of ice melted.

Begin by making sure the tests use Practical Use Rates for obtainingvolume data. In addition, look closely to see that the effectiveness datais obtained within expected winter temperatures over a normal periodof time.

Granted, this may at first appear to be basic advice. Remember thatsome products will claim low melting points from theoretical resultsgenerated from tests in the lab performance dropping off once practicaluse rates are used.

Shelf Life and Storage LimitationsIn order for ice melters to be effective, they must absorb moisturebefore they can form the melting brine solution. Unfortunately, themoisture gathering (hygroscopic) nature of ice melters can also presentstorage problems. Highly hygroscopic materials such as calcium andmagnesium chloride can turn rock hard inside its container resulting inwasted material.

1.0 mL

.8 mL

.6 mL

.4 mL

.2 mL

0 mL

Professional PotassiumIce Melter Salt Chloride Urea

.71

0 0 0

mLs melted per gram in 45 minutes at 5°F*

*Test results based on protocol described by the Strategic Hwy Research Program


Choose de-icers that areangular in shape and mid-size for the best boringaction. It is better for agranule to bore through theice and fan out on thesurface of the pavementthan for the de-icer to melthorizontally across the topof the ice. Mid-sized granuleswill provide the best coveragewith maximum surface areain contact with the ice.

Avoid using spherical pelletsthat can roll off targetareas during broadcastapplication.

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Particle Size, Shape and UniformityIce penetration and speed of effectiveness are clearly influenced by thesize and shape of the granule used to undermine the snow and icelayer. The moisture attracting ability begins with the surfaces of the de-icer that are in direct contact with the ice. Small, uniform granules havemore surface area, thus have reactive surface to effectively melt ice.

The object for maximum effectiveness is to choose the ideal granulethat can bore through the ice quickly without being diluted on topsurfaces of snow or ice. As the granule bores through the ice to thepavement, the brine is then free to spread out, breaking the bondbetween the ice and pavement surfaces.

Angular shaped granules consistently outperform spherical pellets bymaximizing the surface area of the de-icer in contact with the ice.Another important benefit is that angular granules are less apt to rolloff the target areas during application.

Particle size is equally important for ice penetration. Very smallgranules and flakes are quickly diluted resulting in a melting processthat is more horizontal than vertical. If the brine ever makes it to thepavement the concentration may be too diluted to sufficientlyundermine the ice. Even worse, the diluted brine at the surface couldrefreeze resulting in a more slippery walkway than before application ofice melter.

Flaked materials can be hardto apply and become quickly

diluted resulting in anineffective brine.

Tech-Grade granules areeasy to apply and have flat

surfaces that maximizedcontact with ice providing

ideal boring action.

Spherically shaped de-icersmake minimal contact with icesurfaces and can roll off target

areas when applied.


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Understanding theperformance characteristicsof the seven or eight basicice melting components willhelp you make an informeddecision on which product isbest for you.

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COMMON ICE MELTING COMPONENTS

Ice melters are commonly available as either single materials

or combinations of them. The following overview will discuss

the dynamics of the basic ice melting components and how

these characteristics determine

their overall effectiveness relating

to performance and value.

References regarding melting

temperatures are derived from

practical use rate applications.

Sodium ChlorideSodium chloride (or “salt”) is the traditional “rock salt” and the leastexpensive ice melter available. Soils and plants can be damaged by highconcentrations of sodium chloride. It is also highly corrosive to metalsand should not be applied where tarnish or corrosion may damagemetal or result in unsafe conditions, such as near aircraft, electricalboxes and other similar locations. Unscreened salt for roads (cheapest)usually contains slate with other foreign and off-sized materials.Sodium Chloride melts effectively to approximately 12° F.

Common Ice Melting Components

Sodium and potassiumbased products aresometimes blended withcalcium and magnesiumchloride to enhance theireffectiveness. Whenformulated properly, theseproducts are capable ofmelting high volumes of snowand ice at low temperatureswhile minimizing the risk toworker exposure, plant injury,and damage to indoor flooring.

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Potassium ChloridePotassium chloride is a common fertilizer nutrient that offers moresafety to plants than sodium chloride. Compared to salt this material isnot damaging to the soil structure and will corrode metals to a lesserdegree. Potash (KCl) is usually screened and sized for use in granularapplications and melts effectively to approximately 20° F.

UreaUrea is a fertilizer nutrient that can contaminate groundwater andrunoff collection ponds with nitrates, a degradation product.Approximately 10% as corrosive as sodium chloride, urea is FederalAviation Agency (FAA) approved as an airport runway ice melter (whenchloride content is less than 200 ppm). It is also used near equipmentthat is sensitive to corrosion by chloride salts (electrical boxes,etc.). Ifusing near airports or other sensitive areas, make sure the productmeets the chloride specifications. Urea melts effectively toapproximately 21° F.

Magnesium ChlorideMagnesium chloride is a very hygroscopic salt. An open bag will leave apool of water if left open with the remaining material subsequentlybecoming hard. Often used in blends with other chlorides or as a liquidspray solution on concrete surfaces. Heavy applications can be trackedto indoor surfaces resulting in slippery flooring or oily carpeting. Magnesium Chloride melts effectively to approximately -25° F.

Calcium ChlorideA by-product of chemical manufacturing processes,calcium chloride isa traditional ice melter product. Very hygroscopic, it forms slippery,slimy surfaces on concrete and hard flooring. Some people and petsshow dermal sensitivity in the form of rashes and “burns”. Handlingprecautions suggest the use of gloves,goggles,and respirators. CalciumChloride melts effectively to approximately -25° F.


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Avoiding overuse of de-icerswill help protect theenvironment and save youmoney. If the product you’reusing is not performing toyour satisfaction it may bebetter to consider a de-icerthat is geared to work atlower temperatures than todouble or triple the rates ofless effective products.

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CMACalcium-Magnesium Acetate (CMA) is a non-corrosive ice melter.Developed by the Federal Highway Administration and promoted as anenvironmental alternative, CMA is extremely expensive and has verylimited melting capabilities. Its primary advantage is that it prevents icefrom bonding to cold surfaces when applied prior to snow and iceaccumulation. CMA is commonly used to control ice formation onbridges and overpasses as well as in areas with new concrete or where

materials are extremelysusceptible to corrosion.CMA is sometimes blendedwith chloride salts to reducecost. CMA melts effectivelyto approximately 15° F.

Liquid PotassiumAcetatePromoted as biodegradableand environmentallyfriendly, potassium acetateis available only in liquidform. Like CMA, potassiumacetate is extremely expensive.Most commonly preappliedto road surfaces beforesnowfall. Liquid PotassiumAcetate melts effectively toapproximately -15° F.

MG-104A corn byproduct, MG-104aids in keeping the resultingslush from refreezing. It isexpensive to use at rateswhich provide this utility.MG-104 is blended withother ice melting agents.

Common Ice Melting Components

The lowest temperaturesthat a particular ice melterworks, should refer to theactual temperature at thesurface of the pavement, notnecessarily air temperature.Wind chill, amount of sunlight,color of the treated surfacecan also affect surfacetemperature. Standardizedtests are available toestablish these temperatures.

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BlendsBlends are mixtures ofde-icing componentsthat enhance the icemelting capabilities ofeach individualingredient. Combiningthe attributes of lowtemperature performerslike calcium andmagnesium chloridewith the inexpensivequalities of sodium orpotassium chlorideresults in a product thatis effective and affordable. Depending on the mixture of ingredients,blends melt effectively from 20° F to -15° F.

LiquidsLiquid de-icers are available as several ice melters in varyingconcentrations. Liquids are most commonly used as pre-treatmentbefore snowfall and as a “hot mix” to enhance the performance ofsodium based de-icers. The drawback for liquids includes heatedwinter storage and the added expense for spray equipment. Liquid de-icers are effective from 20° F to -25° F depending on the materialapplied.


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Performance claims and theuse rate information forproducts should only beused as a guide. Experiencewith a given product,temperature considerations,timing (remember earlytreatments are moreeffective) and your expertisewill all become part of yourexperience base in knowingwhich product is best foryou and how much to apply.

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Summary and SuggestionsEffectiveness of de-icers will vary depending on several

factors, many of which are out of control of the

manufacturer and applicator.

The most important factor for ice melter performance is the ability forthe de-icer to form a brine at the temperature used. During the meltingprocess the brine concentration dilutes, subjecting the melted area torefreezing. Therefore, for an ice melter to continue to be effective,supplemental applications may be needed to restore the effective moreconcentrated brine solution. Other factors that might influence meltinginclude humidity, wind, sunshine, and color of the treated surfaces.

Timing of the applicationalso affects ice melterperformance. Earlytreatments of snow and icemelters help prevent the icefrom forming a solid bondwith the concrete surfaces.Later applications arerequired to bore through theice to reach the pavement,

becoming more dilute as they work through these ice layers.

Another important consideration is the amount (and type) ofprecipitation received. Ice is denser than snow and will usually requiremore de-icer to get the job done. Best results are observed whenapplied to surfaces with less than one half inch of snow or ice.Performance of nearly all de-icers drops off considerably when snowdepth exceeds two inches.

Professional Ice Melter

Pay close attention to thehigh priority areas that youmanage. Sodium chloridemay be an acceptable icecontrol product for parkinglots, but consider usingpremium products in hightraffic areas for maximumprotection against slip andfall accidents.

Consider de-icers that aretreated with special coatingsto enhance their effectiveness.Coatings are also beneficialwhen used to prevent clumping.

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Professional Ice MelterWhen you are faced with the tough job of selecting an effective

ice melter, you need a product that will perform even under the

most severe conditions. Professional Ice Melter manufactured

by Spring Valley is geared to outperform leading brands by

melting more ice faster, even in extreme cold (to -12° F).

Professional Ice Melter is a 4-way blend oftech-grade calcium, magnesium, potassium,and sodium chlorides that is triple-screenedto provide uniform spreading with maximumresults. The entire blend is then coated withliquid magnesium chloride to enhancemelting power and is then treated with ananti-caking agent to allow easy pouring andextended shelf life.

Professional Ice Melter has been formulatedto be the most effective and cost efficientproduct in the market today. When ProfessionalIce Melter hits the ice you will feel confidentthat you have made the best choice to protecthigh traffic areas against accidental falls andyour workers from hazardous materialexposure. Environmentally, Professional IceMelter is safer to greenery and inside is lessbinding to carpet fibers making it the mostsuitable choice...inside and out.

Spring Valley

Jackson, WI

www.springvalleyusa.com

$9.50

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