PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE

THE ORGANIC FRACTION IN MUNICIPAL MIXED WASTE: Regulation, Policy,

Challenges and Study Cases

TEL AVIV, ISRAEL 13th December 2018

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LIPOR: optimising the management of the organic fraction in Porto

Metropolitan Area

SUSANA LOPES susana.lopes@lipor.pt

www.lipor.pt

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1. BIO-WASTE IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

2. LIPOR INTEGRATED RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MODEL

3. LIPOR BIO-WASTE STRATEGY

i. COLLECTION AND CENTRALISED TREATMENT ii. DECENTRALISED TREATMENT iii. PREVENTION, REDUCTION AND REUSE OF BIO-

WASTE

4. BIO-WASTE COLLECTION: STUDY CASES ACROSS EUROPE

5. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION : BRIEF OVERVIEW

6. COSTS ANALYSIS : BRIEF OVERVIEW

7. FINAL REMARKS AND TAKE HOME MESSAGES

AGENDA

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BIO-WASTE DEFINITION

Bio-waste is defined as biodegradable garden and park waste, food and kitchen waste from households, restaurants, caterers and retail premises, and comparable waste from food processing plants.

Bio-waste in the circular

economy

5 Source: European Compost Network

Bio-waste in the circular

economy

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Bio-waste in the circular

economy

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Bio-waste in the circular

economy

PICTURE OF LIPOR

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PICTURE OF LIPOR

LIPOR - Intermunicipal Waste Management of Greater Porto,

responsible for the management, recovery and treatment of

MSW produced by the 8 Associated Municipalities.

Founded in 1982 as an Association of Municipalities. In 2017,

LIPOR celebrated 35 years.

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MISSION To implement innovative waste management solutions, promoting a circular approach and the creation of shared value.

VISION We want to participate in the global market and create trends for a sustainable future.

8 Municipalities

1% Area

1.000.000 Inhabitants

12 % MSW Annual production

10 % Population

500.000 t MSW Treatment

Portugal

LIPOR

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PICTURE OF LIPOR

PICTURE OF LIPOR

12 https://portal.lipor.pt/pls/apex/f?p=2021:1:0

Map waste/resources flows

Scale separate collection (Packaging, Paper, Glass & Bio-waste, others)

Develop processes & technologies

Work across value chain

Key priorities

LIPOR

Integrated Resources Management Model

Important! Data quality - Monitoring

LIPOR

INTEGRATED RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Good Services &

Infrastructures

Communication & Awareness

Legislation

Financial & economic

tools/incentives

Monitoring

Control

Data

Key pillars Effective Waste Management

PICTURE OF LIPOR

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https://portal.lipor.pt/pls/apex/f?p=2021:1:0

Sorting Plant Drop-Off Site Composting Plant

Horta da Formiga (Organic farm)

Adventure park (old Ermesinde landfill )

Sorting Platforms

Operational Units

Waste to Energy Plant

Sanitary landfill

Operational Units

LIPOR BIO-WASTE STRATEGY

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Composting Plant

LIPOR

FRAMEWORK

Prevention

Bio-waste recycling

Production of an organic soil improver

The Strategy

MSW National Strategic Plan

LIPOR

Action Plan

Waste Prevention

Plan

Biodiversity Strategy

WASTE AS A RESOURCE

WASTE AS A PROBLEM

around 40% Bio-waste in MSW

> 60% of national soils at risk of desertification

Preparation for Reuse and Recycling Target

Mandatory separate collection (2023)

Bio-waste Strategy Decision making

LIPOR FRAMEWORK

WtE

Centralised treatment

Decentralised treatment

Source Reduction and Reuse

LIPOR STRATEGIC ACTION AXES

BIO-WASTE COLLECTION AND CENTRALISED TREATMENT

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https://www.lipor.pt/en/municipal-solid-waste/organic-recovery/

www.nutrimais.pt

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Collection and treatment systems Communication

and awareness

Monitoring & control

Data reporting

Integrated Management overview

Costs, Fees & taxes Bio-waste

strategy

Critical factors

Bio-waste

Food and kitchen waste

Green waste

Separate collection

Treatment

Composting Plant

Market for compost

LIPOR Bio-waste strategy The key elements

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Main projects implemented

Separate collection for Green Waste

Separate collection in cemeteries

Separate collection for HORECA sector

Bio-waste separate collection for Large Generators (Fresh markets, agrifood companies, …)

5* Project (HORECA) : Main Results, 2017

Number of Participants: around 1760

Total amount Food Waste > 17.000 tonnes

% of impurities < 5%

LIPOR

Separate collection for Bio-waste

Separate collection for Households

Per capita : around 9,5 tonnes/year

Separate collection for Households

6 Pilot projects ongoing

Different residential areas involved

Collection 2 - 3 times/week

Small volume kitchen caddies and wheelbins

Implementation of bio-waste separate collection in all

municipalities of LIPOR by 2020

LIPOR

BIO-WASTE DOOR TO DOOR SEPARATE COLLECTION PILOTS PROJECTS

•Valongo Municipality

•Started: June 2017

•1 212 Households

•3 636 inhabitans

•5 flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, foodwaste and

residual waste)

•Porto Municipality

•Started in August 2018

•1.156 households

•3.230 inhabitants

•5 Flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, food waste and

residual waste)

•Matosinhos Municipality

•Started in October 2018

•731 households

•2 045 inhabitants

•5 Flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, food waste and

residual waste)

BIO-WASTE DOOR TO DOOR SEPARATE COLLECTION PILOTS PROJECTS

•Maia Municipality

•Started in November 2018

530 households

1.325 inhabitants

5 Flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, food waste and

residual waste)

•Vila do Conde Municipality

•Started in November 2018

•1 330 households

•3 700 inhabitants

•5 Flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, food waste and

residual waste)

•Espinho Municipality

•Started in July 2018

•1.699 households

o4.750 inhabitants

o5 Flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, Green waste and

residual waste)

LIPOR FOOD WASTE

SEPARATE

COLLECTION

Project co-funded by:

Expected results (first year) : 45 kg/inhabitant.year

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Support materials Awareness campaings

Container’s information Communication Bio-waste separate collection

Communication campaigns

Involve people in their own community decisions and actions, to avoid “not my business”– syndrome, and ensure “maximum participation”.

LIPOR GREEN WASTE

Door - to - Door

Separate Collection

First results : 10 tonnes/month Very low level of impurities Population involved : High satisfaction level

LIPOR COMPOSTING PLANT

LIPOR’ Composting Plant

• 60.000 t of bio-waste (food & kitchen waste + green waste) • Production of 15.000 t of compost

• 18 tunnels (In-vessel system)

• Composting time: 28 days + 2 to 4 weeks for Maturation

LIPOR Composting Plant

Bio-waste characteristics (Input) Moisture content: high/very high Organic matter: high/very high (> 70%) C/N : 22 - 30 Density: 500 – 650 kg/m3

Nutrimais

An organic soil improver 100% natural…

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Improves soil organic matter

content

Pathogens free

Suitable for organic farming

Improves soil fertility

Carbon sink

Nutrimais

An organic soil improver 100% natural…

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The production of Nutrimais not only creates value in

terms of regenerating agricultural soils, but also creates

economic value.

Nutrimais’ market price is around 55€/tonne

Carbon Nutrients Soil

HOME AND COMMUNITY COMPOSTING

RESULTS

More than 13,900 composters

55 organic community gardens (communal composting)

More than 1,800 plots

Around 12 hectares Organic Farming, Greater Porto Region

Decentralised treatment

RAISING AWARENESS

CHANGING EATING HABITS

SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION

REDUCE AND COMBAT FOOD

WASTE

HEALTHIER MEALS

PREVENTION SOURCE REDUCTION & REUSE

Dose Certa

Results

41 Dose Certa Certifications • Reduction potential ≈ 30%

• Biggest Problem:

Leftovers from the clients plates = 1,40Kg/meal.year

COMMITMENT ASSESSMENT TRAINING CERTIFICATION FOLLOW-UP

AND MONITORING

Embrulha. Dose Certa

“Tripas à moda do Porto” “Migas à Alentejana” “Bacalhau” “Sardinhas”

Embrulha.

• Increase Food Waste Reduction • Encorage citizens to take their leftovers home

• Promote the leftovers consumption • 8,4 tonnes of food recovered (edible food)

• 36 Restaurants of Porto municipality joined the scheme • 1,76 t of avoided CO2 emissions

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LIPOR

BIO-WASTE STRATEGY The Importance of Complementary Solutions

Composting Plant

PREVENTION

•Initiatives against Food Waste:

• Dose Certa

• Embrulha.

•Home composting

•Community composting

•Natural garden project

BIO-WASTE RECYCLING

Expansion of Separate collection of Bio-waste (Large Generators and Households)

Expansion of Green waste separate collection

BAT infrastructures

SUPPORT TOOLS

Raising Awareness and communication

Financial & economic incentives - Implementation of PAYT systems

Expansion of organic soil improver market with Green Public Procurement

Improve monitoring (Datacenter)

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LIPOR

BIO-WASTE STRATEGY

Composting islands

Decentralized AD unit Innovative

processes

Composting plant

Green waste

Food waste

Products

VISION FOR 2030

BIO-WASTE SEPARATE COLLECTION : STUDY CASES ACROSS EUROPE

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Bio-waste separate

collection

Study cases

Barcelona (Sarrià): results

≈ 41 kg/capita/year average, since the first week.

• Very high quality • Before: 14% impurities • New scheme: < 1%

• Separate collection increase • Before: 19%, after: 60%

Source: Michele Giavini, CIC, 2018

Bio-waste separate

collection

Study cases

Source: Michele Giavini, CIC, 2018

Geneva - results

381'000 habitants, 2017 2015: 30 kg/inhab/year 2016: 35.5 kg/inhab/year (+18%) 2017: 38.5 kg/inhab/year (+8% // +

28%)

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Efficiency of bio-waste collection models

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ANAEROBIC DIGESTION : BRIEF OVERVIEW

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LIPOR BIO-WASTE

STRATEGY

Anaerobic digestion versus composting AD of source separated wastes offers sustainable alternatives to landfilling, incineration and even to composting, ultimately providing renewable energy and fertilisers. The choice between various treatment options for organic waste and the comparative merits of composting versus anaerobic digestion, depends on the one hand on the nature (suitability) of the waste material and the feasibility of the technology, and on the other hand on the local conditions and needs as well as on the policy, objectives and targets of the local community.

AD is a standard technology for the treatment of organic waste in Europe.

Chemical and biological impurities must also be strictly monitored and limited to allow safe and beneficial utilisation of digestate as plant fertilizer.

Chemical pollutants, contaminants, toxins, pathogens or other physical impurities which cannot be decomposed into harmless compounds by the AD process must not be present in AD feedstock materials.

Anaerobic digestion

Brief overview

COSTS ANALYSIS

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Source separation and separated waste collection are historically perceived as elements that increases the costs of waste treatment. But, this is only true if source separation is seen separate from the overall management of municipal waste. Source separation adds costs to the waste collection process, but reduces the amount of residual waste and the costs of its management, and should therefore be integrated and optimized, together with the measures for waste minimization and recycling, within the overall system of municipal waste management.

Source: Favoino, 2006

Bio-waste separate collection

Costs

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Catalonia, Spain data

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EUNOMIA, 2002

Source separation

Composting 35 – 75€/t

Source separation

Anaerobic Digestion

80 - 125€/t

FINAL REMARKS & TAKE HOME MESSAGES

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FINAL REMARKS

Prevention must be always the first step and the first goal.

On-site and decentralised treatments for Bio-waste must be improved.

Achieved an efficient separate collection of bio-waste:

capture rate (kg/inhabitant)

quality (minimum presence of impurities)

Developing the adequate logistics for collection:

collection system (DtD, Road containers,…)

collection schedule/calendar

resources and equipment (containers, vehicles, compostable bags,…)

Design the proper treatment system(s):

local circumstances and characteristics

technology

operational and maintenance requirements

outputs and quality standards

Develop products &

markets

Improve quality

Increase capture

rate

More & adequate collection schemes Integration with other sectors Share best practices

Exploit synergies R&D BAT Incentives, GPP

Separation collection Quality specifications Awareness & training

skills knowledge competencies commitment confidence

FINAL

REMARKS

TAKE HOME MESSAGES

• AWARENESS AND COMUNICATION STRATEGIES ARE

NEVER ENOUGH

• THINK FOR THE PRESENT BUT SPECIALLY FOR THE

FUTURE

• INVOLVEMENT OF SEVERAL STAKEHOLDERS;

• OPEN TO COMMUNITY = ENGAGED COMMUNITY;

• SHARE KNOWLEDGE & BEST PRACTICES

TAKE HOME MESSAGES

enable encourage

engage exemplify

LIPOR IS MEMBER OF…

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Thank you!

!תודה רבה

Susana Lopes

susana.lopes@lipor.pt www.lipor.pt/en

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