PROF. ZHU XIAOZHONG Relations between Sino- CEEC since 1990s.
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Transcript of PROF. ZHU XIAOZHONG Relations between Sino- CEEC since 1990s.
Socialist era• Learning socialist construction experience
from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe• Two-way sending students
1949-1960
• Suffered from ideological competition between China and the Soviet Union
• There were no inter-party relationship
1960-1980
• Learning how to carry out reform from Eastern Europe(Hungary, Yugoslavia)
• Restoring trade, cultural and high-level visits
1980-1989
Post-Socialist era
1990-1995: China’s observation and re-adjusting bilateral relations
1995-2003: bilateral relations guided by the Budapest principles
2004-2011: China put forward the Bucharest principles
2012- China's Twelve Measures for Promoting Friendly Cooperation with CEEC
Some new factors influencing bilateral relations ( since 1990)
the Soviet Union disappeared
The Tibet question
Domestic politics of CEEC
China’s re-adjusting
Re-adjusting Chinese approach towards CEEC 1990-1994
• Different system and values couldn’t be the obstacles in the relations between China-CEEC
Chinese opinion
• China respects CEEC people’s choice and develop bilateral relations on the bases of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
Chinese opinion
Milestones in bilateral relationsbetween China and CEEC
July 1995: The Budapest principles by Jiang Zemin June 2004: The Bucharest principles by Hu JingtaoApril 2012: 12 Measures for Friendly Cooperation with CEEC by Wen Jiabao
Sept 2012: the Secretariat for Cooperation between China and CEEC
The Budapest principles
Respect the CEEC people’s choice1Develop the bilateral relations based on the five principles of peaceful coexistence2There are no fundamental interest conflicts in bilateral relations3
4 China supports peaceful resolution of regional disputes and enhancing regional cooperation
The Bucharest principles1
• To expand common grounds and mutual understanding the other’s interest concern
2 • To increase scale of two-way investments
3• To broaden cooperation in
the fields such as education, tourism, health and media
4• To strengthen the
cooperation in fields of anti-terror, nuclear proliferation, fight against cross-border crime, play the role of the UN
Friendly co-op relations—Hungary
Comprehensive friendly co-op--Romania
Strategic partnership—Serbia
Strategic partnership--Poland
Levels of bilateral relations
Numbers relating to bilateral relations• 37 sister provinces • 58 sister citiesTwo sides
• 58 Confucius Institutes in CEEC( 23)China
• Traveling to China 230 thou.• Chinese tourists in CEEC 73
thou.Two sides
Numbers: Chinese in CEEC
Country number Registered year
Czech Republic 4,500 2007
Romania 2,243 2002
Serbia 5,000 2008
Hungary 8,000-10,000 2011
Bulgaria 8,000-10,000 2005
Poland 5000 2011
Slovakia 5300 2012
Total Volume of Trade
520 Bil$
China’s Surplus30.0 Bil.$ China’s
import103 Bil.$
Smallest partenr
B&HBiggest partnerPoland
China’s Export
417 Bil.$
Trade between China and CEEC(2012)
China’s investment in Europe( 2011)
Lux-em-
bourg 27.10%
Russia 17.7%
Germany 9.5%Sweden
9.4%
U.K 8.6%
3.00%
1.40%
CEEC 5.3% France 18%
China’s investment in CEEC(852 Mil.$ to 2010)
CEE 7 816.6 95.8%
Baltic States11.91.3%
Southeast Europe23.9 2.8%
China’s investment in Central Europe( 816.6 Mil.$)
Bugaria18.2
Czech Republic52.3
Hungary465.7
Poland140.3
Romania124.9
Slovakia9.8
Slovenia5
China’s investment in Southeast Europe ( 23.9Mil.$)
Montenegro0.32
Bosnia 5.98
Macedonia0.2
Croatia8.13
Albania4.43
Serbia4.84
China’s investment allocation in CEEC
Leasing and Commecial service44%
Finance 15%
Wholesale & re-tail 10%
Transo-
port & lo-gis-tics 9%
Manufac-tor-ing&
Con-structure 9%
Min-ing and re-
sources 9%
Other 4%
China’s measures• ministry of commerce issued list of
investment for processing trade for household appliance
Guide for investment
Jan.2010
• the Central Europe Economic Forum in Hungary
Economic Forum25 June 2011
• the Central Europe Economic Forum in Warsaw
Economic Forum27 April 2012
1/ Secretariat & research fund A secretariat for co-op between China and CEEC. It based in China's MFA, and charged with communication and coordination on matters related to cooperation. CEEC will, in the principle of voluntarism, each designate a counterpart department and a coordinator to take part in the work of the secretariat
Research fund on relations between China and CEEC. China is ready to provide RMB2 million yuan every year to support academic exchanges between research institutes and scholars of the two sides.
2/ Finance initiatives from ChinaA US$10 billion special credit line, a certain proportion of which will be concessional loans, with a focus on cooperation projects in fields of infrastructure, high and new technologies, and green economy. CEEC may file project application to six Chinese Banks
investment cooperation fund US$500 mil. in the first stage
3/Industrial Parks & promoting tradeChina encourages Chinese enterprises to cooperate with relevant countries to establish one economic and technological zone in each country in the next five yearsChina sends trade and investment promotion missions to CEEC and take measures to move forward bilateral economic cooperation and trade. China hopes to increase total two-way trade to 100 bil.US$ by 2015
4/ Establish an expert advisory committee & Tourism promotion allianceEstablish an expert advisory
committee on the construction of transportation network between China and CEEC, to explore the building of regional highway or railway demonstration networks through joint venture, joint contracting Establish a tourism promotion alliance between China and CEEC, and explore the possibility of opening more direct flights between China and CEEC
6/ In coming 5 years China will…Send1000Chinese to CEEC
Invite 1000p to China to study Chinese
Provide 500
0Scholarshipsto
CEEC stu
dents
Six-point proposal by Li Keqiang in 2013
• First, China and CEE countries should intensify economic and trade cooperation, doubling China-CEE trade volume in five years and discussing a framework agreement for industrial investment in the near future.
Six-point proposal by Li Keqiang in 2013
• Second, China and CEE countries should promote cooperation on transportation infrastructure to open up interconnected land and sea channels between China and Europe. China and CEE nations will also build a transport "artery" for China-Europe logistics by setting up bonded areas and distribution centers along railways and ports.
Six-point proposal by Li Keqiang in 2013
• Third, China and CEE nations should enhance "green cooperation." China backs its enterprises to participate in the CEE nuclear electricity projects and hopes that the host countries would improve investment environment.
Six-point proposal by Li Keqiang in 2013
• Fourth, China and CEE countries should expand financing channels. They need to make good use of the 10-billion-U.S.-dollar special credit line and enhance financial cooperation by setting up branches of financial institutions branches in each other's markets, signing currency swap and settlement agreements.
Six-point proposal by Li Keqiang in 2013
• Fifth, China and CEE countries should further tap into potentials of cooperation at local levels to efficiently and effectively promote their cooperation.
Six-point proposal by Li Keqiang in 2013
• Sixth, China and CEE countries should enhance cultural exchanges by holding regular forums on culture and education, strengthening communication between young politicians, think-tanks and media as well as facilitating procedures for travel and work visa.
CEEC’s measures• “CEEC investment day”was held by
CEE during ChinaExpo, advertise enviroment for investor, CEEC’s main industries
26 July 2010
• Forum on China’s investment was held by Czech ministry of industry and trade, Czech ministry of Foreign Affairs and Slovak ministry of economy in Czech Republic. About 150 persons, including businessman and experts, who came from Czech Republic, Slovakia, the EU and China
8-11 Nov.2010
• the Polish Ministry of Economy launched a strategy called “Go China”. It’s aim at encouraging Polish entrepreneurs to cooperate with Chinese business partners.
12 March 2012
Characteristics of Sino-CEEC (1)The base of bilateral Relations between Sino-CEEC changed from Ideology-driven to Interest-drivenChina’s understanding of CEEC is deepening: from the Budapest principles to the Bucharest onesWeakening of “traditional friendly relations” between China and CEEC
The Challenges facing China in bilateral relations
How to understand CEEC( region, group and individual country)
Dualism of bilateral relations (bilateral and multiple)
How to develop bilateral relations in context of divergence in value, asymmetry in economic relations
The Challenges facing CEEC in bilateral relations
Don’t understand about China
How to understand and deal with arising ChinaHow to develop relations with China within the EU’s Framework policyHow to develop bilateral relations in context of divergence in value and asymmetry in economic relations
1.Why China invests in CEEC
to improve the size and quality of China-Europe cooperation
To benefit the development of China-Europe relations in a more comprehensive and balanced manner
To help Europe to overcome the current difficulties
to play a constructive role in China-EU relations
Improving China-EU relations
1.Why China invest in CEEC
One country alone can block a decision that give CEEC increase leverage
China seeks to capitalize on
EU’s STRUCTURE Of DECISION
1.Why China invests in CEEC
American pivot in Asia
China has to look for new
alliance to prevent itself
from an isolated in
Asia