Prof Surgery osce from year previous to mine:

spina bifida- meningomylocele- dx, immediate rx, neurological signs

hemmorhoids

appendicitis- 4 signs

fracture: osteoporosis, fracture, splint (gallows traction), extracapstualr treat, dynamic hip screw

varicose veins- dx, tests, complications, treatment

ercp- name,defect? other invest? operation

mammogram- radiological findings, duct ectasia? diff rx? discharge?

consent-interactive

chest tube

pop sling

barium enema- study, radiological findings, crohns tb. confirmed by?

thyroid- hot nodule, cold nodule

extradural hematoma- dx, signs, rx

pancreatitis- symptoms, criteria used? -ransons, blood tests, rx

fourniers gangrene- dx, organism, rx, complications

Other Qs:

pneumoperitoneum x ray- c xray- air under the diagphragm- causes:ibd, necrotiz enterocolitis, perforationtreatment

ETT- conditions used in? what used for?

hemmorrhoids-treatment? complications, stages

2 way folleys catheter- surgical operations used in, treatment?

achalasia- symptoms(dysphagia,chest pain,heart burn), treatment(hellors myotomy), investigations (barium swallow, manometry, egd)

graves disease- investigations- t3,t4,cbc, radioactive scan, antibodtreat: radioacti iodine,propylthio, carbima, subtotal thyroidectomy

-40 year old female severe epigastric pain, vomiting fever. on exam guarding, and invest tlc=13000, amylase= 3000-dx= pancreatitis, most likely risk factor? complications

-x ray abd-erect and supine=obstruction- abnormality? 3 possible causes? possible dx?

-41 year old female presents with restlessness, anxiety, weight loss, sweaty palms, on exam= high bp and tachycardia-dx? ix? medications? if med treatment fails what other treatments could be used?

-pic of forniers gangrene- complications, most probable organisms, treatment

-fracture x ray= 70 year old presents with left leg shortened and laterally rotated.- abnormaility? how would u stabalize fracture? elective or emergency rx? complicaitnos? what are the surgical options?

-air under diaphragm- 3 pathological causes? dx? what would u find on clincial exam?

-27 year old female presents with vomiting, abd distens and unable to open bowels. instruments that you have are ett, ng tube, foleys catheter, iv cannula, and drip set.-what is the dx? which instruments would be used in initial management?

-10 year old child, hx of rta, fell hit his head presented with bruise on the left tempral region, father described him as having a brief episode of loss of consciouness.-how would u assess the pt? what radiological modalitis can be used? extradural hematoma is seen-what are the 2 signs on examining the pt? would this be elective or emergecny treatment?