Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov 2012 1 SD is the environmental, economic and social well-being for today...

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov 2012

1

SD is the environmental, economic and social well-being

for today and tomorrow.

CP551 Sustainable Development(SD)

Source: International Institute for Sustainable Development


2

Module 1:

Components of SD: environment, economy & society

Games and group discussions to introduce the need for Sustainable Development in today’s world


3

Discussion Point 1:

Write a list of what is to be developed and what is to be sustained from your point of view considering your values and beliefs.

Take 10 mins.


4

For how

long?

25 to 50 years?

Now and in the

future?

Forever?

What is to be sustained?

Life supportEcosystem services

ResourcesEnvironment

NatureEarth

BiodiversityEcosystems

CommunityCultures/Groups

Places

What is to be developed?

EconomyWealth

Productive sectorsConsumption

PeopleLife expectancy

EducationEquity

Equal opportunity

SocietyInstitutions

Social capitalStates/ Regions


5

ECONOMICS Production & ResourcingExchange & TransferAccounting & RegulationConsumption & UseLabour & WelfareTechnology & InfrastructureWealth & Distribution

POLITICS

Organization & GovernanceLaw & JusticeCommunication & MovementRepresentation & NegotiationSecurity & AccordDialogue & ReconciliationEthics & Accountability

ECOLOGY

CULTURE

Materials & EnergyWater & Air

Flora & FaunaHabitat & FoodPlace & Space

Constructions & SettlementsEmission & Waste

Engagement & IdentityRecreation & Creativity

Memory & ProjectionBelief & Meaning

Gender & GenerationsEnquiry & LearningHealth & Wellbeing


6

SD as defined by Brundtland Commission:

Dr. Gro Harlem BrundtlandFormer Prime Minister, NorwayFormer Chair/ World Commission onEnvironment and Development

Responsible for the broad political concept of SD

“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising

the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“

- “Our Common Future”, 1987


7

It is assumed in the above definition that the state of technology and the social organizations today are unable to meet present and future needs of everyone, including the world’s poor.

SD as defined by Brundtland Commission:

“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising

the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“

- “Our Common Future”, 1987


8

Three pillars model of SD (ideal)

How do they relate to each other?

(Social Equity)


9

Discussion Point 2:

Let us choose anything that help in the economic growth or our well being and discuss it from the point of view of the three pillars of sustainability: economic economic prosperity, environmental protection prosperity, environmental protection and social justice (equity).and social justice (equity).

Take 20 mins.


10

Environment

Economic

Social

sustainable

Euler diagram of SD

Bearable

EquitableViable


11

Environment

Economic

Social

sustainable

Euler diagram of SD (as we move towards SD)

Bearable

EquitableViable


12

As the circles overlaps

sustainability is becoming

more and more realizable

sustainability

Environmental protection

Economic prosperity

Social justice

Euler diagram of SD (as we move towards SD)


13

Discussion Point 3:

Let us identify something that brings the circles of economic prosperity, environmental protection and social justice to overlap on each other.

Take 20 mins.


14

Nature should be manipulated to make humanity’s existence

better

Nature helps humanity’s existence and should be treated with respect and

humility

Technocentric Ecocentric

Present economic system is accepted, but considered to

require some gradual revision

Rapid and fundamental changes in economy

and society are desired

Sustainable development through rational use of

resource, better planning and clean technologies

Sustainable development through alternative and

appropriate technologies


15

SocietySociety

EnvironmentEnvironment

EconomyEconomy


16

The Egg of sustainability:

ecosystem

people

International Union for the Conservation of Nature, 1994

Stresses & benefits

from ecosystem

to people

Stresses & benefits from people to ecosystem


17

Some landmarks in SD

Earth Summit — the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during 3 – 14 June 1992.

In the Earth Summit, the World committed to the following:

- Development should be sustainable.

- Eradicating poverty and reducing disparities in living standards in different parts of the world are essential to achieve sustainable development.

Guidelines to achieve the commitment: Agenda 21


18


Earth Summit — the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during 3 – 14 June 1992.

Other outcomes:

- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

- Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

- and more…..


19

United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) established in Dec 1992

Earth Summit 2002 or World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002

United States did not attend it.



20

Rio+20 (United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during 20-22 June 2012)



21

Global changes from Rio+0 to Rio+20

Shanthini, R. Did Rio+20 Assure a Sustainable Future? Economic Review, June/July 2012: 39-43

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

1991 1996 2001 2006 2011Year

Ind

ex,

19

92

= 1

00

GDP (2005 PPP $)

GDP per capita (2005 PPP $)

Population


22

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

1991 1996 2001 2006 2011Year

Ind

ex,

19

92

= 1

00

GDP (2005 PPP $)

GDP per capita (2005 PPP $)

Population


- global population up by 28%

- global GDP per capita up by 48%

- global GDP up by 89%



23

Range of GDP per capita of individual countries (in 2005 PPP $):

- 200 to 68,800 in 1992 - 300 to 73,350 in 2011

Wide gap existing between the extremities of the economic status of countries has remained persistently the same over the last twenty years.

Number of people living in slums: - increased by 26% - 656 million in 1990 to 827 million in 2010




24


70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

1991 1996 2001 2006 2011Year

Ind

ex,

19

92

= 1

00

GDP per capita CEU CO2CEU per capitaCO2 per capitaCEU per GDPCO2 per GDP

CEU: Commercial Energy USECO2: Carbon Dioxide Emission



25

- vertebrate (comprising birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish) populations have declined by 30% since 1970 and a continuing decline is expected.

- almost 20% of the vertebrate species are threatened by extinction and the levels of threat are increasing fastest for corals

- number of fish species threatened has increased from 5680 in 2010 to 6213 in 2011, which is a 9% increase in a year




26

An engineering example for unsustainable development

Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov 2012 1 SD is the environmental, economic and social well-being for today...

Documents

Transcript of Prof. R. Shanthini 12 Nov 2012 1 SD is the environmental, economic and social well-being for today...