1.Global Water Issues: Present and perspectives. IAP - Programa de guas do Inter AcademyPanel | Prof.Dr. Jos Galizia Tundisi IIE -Instituto Internacional deEcologia

2.

Increasing population and urbanization with pressure on water resources.

Increasing water scarcity in certain regions, decreasing water quality and increasing pollution, eutrophication and contamination.

Incomplete or poor infrastructure producing loss of treated water, inefficient water distribution, increasing costs of treatment.

Almost 2 billion people still lack basic facilities of water supply and sanitation.

Threats (water scarcity, water stress) due to global changes.

Improve public participation, education and water governance.

3. 4. CLIMATE ENERGY WATER FOOD PRODUCTION BIODIVERSITY SUSTAINABILITY GLOBAL CHANGES SYSTEMS INNOVATION J.G.TUNDISI, 2007 MATRIX OF COMPONENTS AND INTERACTIONS 5. 6. 7. Jos Galizia Tundisi 8.

Provisioning Services

Products obtained

from ecosystems

Food

Fresh water

Fuel wood

Fiber

Biochemical's

Genetic resources

Regulating Services

Benefits obtained

from regulation of

ecosystem processes

Climate regulation

Disease regulation

Water regulation

Water purification

Pollination

Cultural Services

Nonmaterial

benefits obtained

from ecosystem

Spiritual and religious

recreation and ecotourism

Aesthetic

Inspirational

Educational

Sense of place

Cultural heritage

Supporting Services Services necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services -Soil formation -Nutrient cycling-Primary production Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003 9. Linkages Science, vol. 286, pp.685-686 10. Situation 2000 Vaux, 2006 11. Situation 2025 Vaux, 2006 12. Science, 2005 13. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Trends

During the last part of the 20 thcentury (the last 50 years) the world's ecosystems were greatly changed (often negatively) due to human interventions (human factors)

Trieste, Italy, May 2007 14. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Trends

It is predicted that the damages to the ecosystem will be growing rapidly due to exponential increase in the demand for resources (food, water and other services growing)

Increase in the utilisation of ecosystem services if not well managed, will continue to damage the long-term sustinability of both the ecosystem (the resource) and its services

The ongoing degradation of ecosystem and their services form a major road block to achieving the Millennium Development Goals

Trieste, Italy, May 2007 15. Climate Change 16. 17. 18. Climate change (IPCC, fourth assessment report)

Has the potential to significantly accentuate these impacts and alter existing patterns of natural resources and land use

Effects observed will be in water availability (in quantity and quality)

Source Blanca Jimenez, 2007 19. Sensitivity Analysis to Savannization of Amazonia Resolution: ~ 2x2 Control 2033 All Savanna Dry Season Precipitation* * 12S-3N / 50W-75W Oliveira et al., 2004 2033 All Savanna JJA 5,4% -21,7% JJAS 1,9% -21,9% 20. Fonte: Marengo, 2008 21. Natural disasters

The region is particularly prone to natural disasters

• 8.3 per year between 1900-89

• And 40.7 between 1990 and 1998

The effects of which are often accentuated by inequality and high urban concentrations.

Risks include persistent droughts (arid and semi-arid areas of NE Brazil and the USA and the NWin Mexico), floodsand floods and associated land-slides throughout the Americas

Cyclonic activities

Source Blanca Jimenez, 2007 22. 23. Likens, 2004 24. Water Quality 25.

Water quality

Trends in water quality;

Organic contamination and faecal coliforms;

Chemical contaminants;

Endocrine disruptors;

Pharmaceutics and personal care products;

Invasive species;

26. JGTundisi Increasing Analytical Complexity Modified from 27. 28. UNEP, IAP, UNESCO, ERCE - 2008 29. Urban in developing countries Rural in developing countries Fonte: Jimenez, 2007 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. Projeto Brasil das guas foto area tirada em janeiro de 2004.Foto: Margi Moss 35. Ponto IG-02 reserv. Foz do Areia (10 km a montante do ponto E2 da COPEL) Fitoplncton Perfis com sonda Fluoroprobe 36. 37. Water Governance 38. CRITERIOS PARAA TIMA DISTRIBUIO DAGUA EQUIDADE ACEITAO PBLICAEPOLTICA FACTIBILIDADEADMINISTRATIVAE SUSTENTABILIDADE 39. MANAGEMENT 20th Century Local Sectoral Response 21st Century Watershed (Ecosystem) Integrated Predictive 40. Plataforma de Monitoramentoem TempoRealO IIE e IIEGA desenvolveram sistemas de monitoramento em tempo real (SMATER) para transmisso de dados de qualidade de gua. J ento instaladas e operando 15 plataformas de monitoramento. O equipamento um sistema desenvolvido pelo IIE que possibilita analisar continuamente 7 variveis de qualidade da gua em tempo real em perfis horizontais em lagos, represas e rios. Tambm foram desenvolvidos mtodos para coleta e determinao de gases de efeito estufa emitidos, por sedimentos de represas. 41. 42. 43. OParque Estadual do Rio Doce est situado na poro sudoeste do Estado, a 248 km de Belo Horizonte, na regio do Vale do Ao, inserido nos municpios de Marliria, Dionsio e Timteo.Plataforma de Monitoramentoem TempoReal Parque Estadual do Rio Doce 44. 45. 46. Variaes de temperatura, condutividade, oxignio dissolvido, pH, turbidez e slidos totais dissolvidos observadas na plataforma de monitoramento em tempo real localizada no lago Dom Helvcio entre os dias 1 a 7 de dezembro de 2009. 47. 48. 49. Sorano at al. (2009) 50. Challenges For Managers

Water management in rural and urban areas.

Protection, conservation and recovery of watersheds.

Increasing public awareness on water treatment.

Decreasing the costs of water treatment.

Integrate quantity and quality in water management.

Management of water for human health (risk reduction).

Design of adequate and safer water projects.

Improving systemic view.

Improving industrial and agricultural capacity for recycling.

Water economy (increasing competitiveness).

51. Research Framework (based on discussion during IAP meeting)

System approach for River Basin (watershed) sustainable management of water ecosystem and society

Eco-hydrology as a frameworkfor integrated water/land management

• Hydrological principles quantification of water, nutrients, pollutantsat a basin scale considering ground/surface water interactions (water use and land use)

• Ecological principles enhancement of the carrying capacity of the ecosystem as a key for long term sustainability

• Eco-technological principles- dual regulations biota by water, and water by biota

52. Research approach

To develop universal patterns and guidelines, research should be conducted at differentclimatic, geological, economic, land use , demographics and governance systems

On the basis of the above (analytical data) a mathematical model should be developed underthe leadership of the IAP Water Program to demonstrate hierarchy and inter-relationships between the above mentioned parameters

This will provide an effective system approach for IWRM

53. Water and Land Management Resource Protection Resource Utilisation Quantity QualityAccessibility Resource Sustainability Land uses Water uses The River Basinblue-green; surface-ground; re-use 54. 55. 56. 57. Focus

1 Global changes: impacts on the water quality & water quantity

Surface & ground water problems

Global changes and human health

Economic impacts: agriculture, human health, periurban areas

2 Water and economy

-Water in the economy of continents, regions, municipalities

-Virtual water: water used in the food production & food security

-Water and human health: economic impact

3 Contamination of water resources

-Surface and ground water

-Toxicity of fresh waters

-Costs of water contamination and treatment

-Health impacts of contaminated water (eutrophication as an example)

4 Capacity building of managers: needs and perspectives(IAP WATER PROGRAMME)

58. Questions and areas requiring more study in search of answers (4th WWF)

Methodologies for the integrated water resources management; cost-effective pollution control measures;

Better ways to manage water risks

The effects of climate change (particularly on water quality)

Linkages between water and socioeconomics

Water as an economic good vsas a human right

The role of water in public policies

The types of water institutions needed

The role of hydraulic infrastructure, irrigation and hydropower (Soft vs hard solutions)

The role of river basin organizations in participative river basin and transboundray river basin management

The prospect of reaching the MDGs in water supply and sanitation

The effectiveness of public and private participation

59. Conclusions

Linkages between water quality and water quantity are important new developments in

research and management of water resources and all the problems involved.

Water scarcity by pollution of surface and ground water is a fundamental process

affecting continents, regions, towns, urban and rural areas.

Costs of water treatment are increasingworldwide, due to the degradation of water

supply, surface and ground sources.

To improve water management it is necessary:

• An integrated approach (multiple uses).

• A predictive approach.

• A strong research basis on water resources problems, Hydrology, Hydrogeology,

• Limnology. Linkages between Climatology/Hydrology /Hydrogeology/Limnology,

• Eutrophication/Pollution. Long term research on related topics is fundamental to

• support management programs and capacity building.

• A capacity building programme with emphasis on water quality/quantity and case

• studies as a basis for training is essential as a new step forward.

60. The International Training Centers will have: A focus on Innovation and Technicaldevelopment for water management A capacity building activity for Advanced Water Management onregional water resources problems(technical,managerial,administrative level,decision making) Will be part of a network of ITCs (World Wide) A catalyst for integration of Research Development and Innovation at regional level Opportunity for promoting partnerships public sector/private companies Promoting new solutions and mechanisms for information to the public Developing new venues for exchange of information(knowledge,technical,management) 61. International Centers for Innovation & Research & Capacity Building

Innovation

Technology transfer

Capacity building

Diffusion of knowledge

Inovation & Tecnology & Capacity Building

62. Regional Capacity Building Workshops

Americas July 24-26,2006 at Sau Paulo

EuropeSeptember 28-30,2006 in Lodz, Poland

East Asia and the Pacific, June 06, China.

Africa, August 06, South Africa

Central Asia July 2007, Russia

Middle East and South Asia, ???, Jordan

63. Dominican Republic Good and Bad examples on Water Resources Management IANAS, IIE, IAP Capacity Building Training Courseand Workshop onWater Resources Management,San Carlos, Brasil 4 al 9 de agosto 2008 64. The European Regional Workshopof the InterAcademy Panel Water Programme on Coupling Surface and Groundwater Research:A New Step Forward Towards Water Management 28th 29thof September 2006 European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology under the auspices of UNESCO Lodz, Poland European Regional Centrefor EcohydrologyUNESCO 65. Road map for NASAC:(2007-2009)

NASAC Strategic Action Agenda ( NASAC SAA ) has been developed and will form the basis for NASAC activities within the next three years.

Ten activities have been identified inNASAC SAA :Supporting member academies and establishment of new ones, stepping up collaboration exchange of information and experiences, increased collaboration with IAP, IAC, development of functional and effective website, support the fore-sighting activities, organize scientific conferences and support establishment of national science foundations with a view to establishing a Pan African Science Foundation.

NASAC 66. Water Research Issues in Africa

Monitoring system availability and compatibility and data gathering (quality and quantity, remote sensing)

Appropriate technology identification and development

Technological innovation and water supply and sanitation and storage

Environmental impact due to anthropogenic activities

Trieste, Italy, May 2007 67. Water Research Issues in Africa (additional issues)

Water pricing and true value of water

Environmental flow assessments

Water Asset Management

Risk assessment disaster, health etc

Guidelines and standards for water use and waste management

Gender roles in WRM

Water and Energy e.g. bio-fuel, hydro-power

Managing un-gauged rivers

Trieste, Italy, May 2007 68.

NASAC is looking forward to IAP for continued support and stronger collaboration;

In particular NASAC will endeavour to engage in IAP water programme among others.

A joint MSc in Water Resources ( Water Science and Water Resources Management options) course at a regional level is being developed for consideration.

Disposition NASAC 69. Location of the International Centers IAP - IANAS Water Program 2006 70. THANK YOU! NASA 2002

INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHIC SCIENCES & NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH(CHINA)

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY AND WATER RESOURCES(BRAZIL)

INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR ECOLOGY

(POLAND)

WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION

(SOUTH AFRICA)

INSTITUTE FOR WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS SB RAS 1.(RUSSIA)

ROYAL SOCIETY, JORDAN