Prof. E. N. Anagnostou, Dr. M. N. Anagnostou & Prof. Jeff Nystuen
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Transcript of Prof. E. N. Anagnostou, Dr. M. N. Anagnostou & Prof. Jeff Nystuen
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Passive Aquatic Listener: A Passive Aquatic Listener: A state-of-art system employed in state-of-art system employed in
Atmospheric, Oceanic and Atmospheric, Oceanic and Biological Sciences in the Biological Sciences in the
Marine EnvironmentMarine EnvironmentProf. E. N. Anagnostou, Dr. M. N. Anagnostou Prof. E. N. Anagnostou, Dr. M. N. Anagnostou
& Prof. Jeff Nystuen& Prof. Jeff Nystuen
Hellenic Center for Marine Research, Institute of Inland WatersHellenic Center for Marine Research, Institute of Inland Waters
[email protected]@ath.hcmr.gr
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Applications
• Geophysical/Geological applications: wind speed, rainfall, drop size distribution, cold/warm seepage gas bubbles, volcanic eruption, seismic activities, ice-breaking, etc.
• Biological monitoring for sound-producing animal populations (bioacoustics)
• Anthropogenic activities
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Technological overview of PAL
• Relatively simple measurement
• Robust technology (hydrophones)
• Moorings, cabled networks, floats/drifters
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Technological Overview of PAL
ComponentsComponents
Low-noise broadband hydrophone 100 Hz – 50,000 Hz
TT8 micro-computer processor with 100 kHz A/D sampler 2 Gb memory card
65 amp-hour battery package
Electronic filter and 2-stage amplifier
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Sea Level
100-2000m
2000m (d 1)
d 1
d 2
50m (d 2)
Listening Area of PAL – Spatial Averaging
The expectation is that the listening area for each hydrophone is a function of the depth of the hydrophone.
Roughly half of the energy arriving at the hydrophone comes from an listening area with radius equal to the depth of the hydrophone and 90% of the energy from an area with radius equal to 3 times the depth.
I h I atten p dA( ) cos ( ) 02
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Sampling/Recording modes
• Pre-configured Wake-up/Sleep modes• Record short time series (4.5 s at 100 kHz)• Examine time series• Fourier transform (0-50 kHz)• Store spectra, not the time series*• Identify sound source• Quantify source• Return to “sleep” mode
Two Modes of RecordingTwo Modes of Recording
Spectral time series at intervals determined by the sound source
Short 100 kHz time series (4.5 sec) of targeted sound source
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PAL/Deployment modes
20-1000m Sal, Temp,
500m PAL(Passive
Acoustic Listener)
Pressure sensor
Sal, Temp
Meteo, curents, waves
PYLOSPYLOS
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PAL/Poseidon system
Analysis of PAL’s data after retrieving the instrument from
the Pylos Buoy
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PAL/Poseidon system
Comparison of PAL’s wind speed retrievals with the Buoy’s surface anemometer showing high correlations and small biases
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PAL/Poseidon system
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PAL/Poseidon system
Sound intensity peaks, of dolphin or whale clicks and whistle; the pressure time series collected by PAL on 30 November 2008 at Pylos’ site. The lower panel shows a spectral analysis from 0 – 20 kHz as a function of time
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Paul R. Houser, November 7, 2005, Page 12
Poseidon data base SystemOn line PAL data: using the Poseidon data base system averaged every three hours
Number of marine mammals
Rainfall rate (mm/hr)
Wind speed (m/s)Buoy
sites
Pylos
Parameters
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Analyzing acoustic data-Detecting marine mamals
Whale call“Transient killer
whale”Cape Flattery
Echo-location click
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Engine whineKiller Whale Call - Ugamak
Bone crunching Pacific Right Whale “gunshot”
Analyzing acoustic data-Detecting marine mamals
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Conclusion & Future work
Low duty cycle recorder can
– Monitor the background sound budget
– Measure background physical environment
– Detect pods of killer whales
– Identify specific pods from the sound bites
– Provide evidence of the interaction of animals in the acoustic sounds cape
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
• NOAA NWFSC• NOAA NMML• ONR Ocean Acoustics• NSF Physical Oceanography• For the Poseidon/PAL integrated system: The people
of the Aegean R/V, Mr. Dionysis Ballas and Mr. Paris Pagonis for the designing and deployment of PAL to the two Poseidon Buoys.
More info:
More info: