Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in Context ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010...
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Transcript of Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in Context ICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010...
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010
Knowledge = Information in Context:
on the Importance of Semantic Contextualisation
in Europeana
Prof. Dr. Stefan GradmannHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin / School of Library and Information [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 2
Overview
Europeana: To Which End?
Knowledge: a Challenging Concept
DIKW / DIKT in Practice: “Take Five”
Europeana in the DIKT Continuum
Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana
From 'Connecting' to 'Thinking'
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 3
Europeana: to Which End?A first approximation
„Europeana.eu is about ideas and inspiration. It links you to 6 million digital items.“ (http://www.europeana.eu/portal/aboutus.html)
Evokes conceptualisation, reasoning, semantics …
… but on its own remains too vague and imprecise to capture the functionalpotential of an endeavour that has too often been characterised in termsof sheer quantity!
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 4
Europeana: to Which End?Opening Statement
Europeana is much more than a machine for mechanical accumulation of object representations!
One of its characteristics will be to enable the generation of knowledge pertaining to culture!
The rest of the paper deals with
the implications of this initial statement in terms of information science;
the way we technically prepare to implement the necessary data structures and functionality;
the ‚semantic‘ functionality Europeana will offer using these elements to go well beyond the 'traditional' digital library paradigm.
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 5
Knowledge: a Challenging Concept … too challenging for some
„There are thing[sic!] we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say there are things that we now know we don't know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we don't know we don't know. So when we do the best we can and we pull all this information together, and we then say well that's basically what we see as the situation, that is really only the known knowns and the known unknowns. And each year, we discover a few more of those unknown unknowns.“Donald Rumsfeld on „analysis on intelligence information“, 6th June 2002
No consensual definition – but a hierarchical continuum (DIKW)“Where is the Life we have lost in living? Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?” (T.S. Eliot, "The Rock", Faber & Faber 1934)
Information Science has added Data to the hierarchy
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 6
DIKW: A Closer Look (1)
The stages are not discreet but form a continuum! No binary transitions!
Data
discrete, atomistic, small portions of 'givens' without inherent structure or necessary relationship between them.
Data have no meaning in themselves.
Phonetical level in linguistics
Information
Data + patterns
Meaningful data
Phonological / lexical level in linguistics
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 7
DIKW: A Closer Look (2)
KnowledgeInformation as part of a context and useful in this context
Social or semantic context
Contextualisation enables (simple!) interpolative and deterministic reasoning.
Syntactic level in linguistics
Wisdom, facets of (Rowley & Slack, 2008)is embedded in or exhibited through action;
sophisticated and sensitive use of knowledge;
is exhibited through decision making;
exercise of judgement in complex real-life situations;
requires consideration of ethical and social considerations;
builds on intuition, communication, and trust.
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 8
DIKW → DIKT
Reduce complexity!Replace the rich but diffuse concept 'wisdom' with 'thinking'Mental activity we cannot (entirely) confer to machinesNon-deterministicSemantic level in linguistics (‘wisdom’ would probably be on pragmatic level)DIKW → DIKT
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 9
DIKT: a Visualisation (1)
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 10
DIKT: a Visualisation (2)
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 11
DIKT: a Visualisation (3)
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 12
DIKT: a Visualisation (3)
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 13
DIKT in Practice: (Very dirty) data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 14
DIKT in Practice:Data + Pattern: Information
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 15
DIKT in Practice:Information + Context: Knowledge
..., 1941, 1943, , 1947, 1949, ...
1939 -
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 16
DIKT in Practice: “Take Five”... and creative thinking
http://itunes.apple.com/de/album/dave-brubecks-greatest-hits/id157427923
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 17
Europeana in the DIKT Continuum
Definitely not a huge data agglomeration (even though building on one)!
Neither a huge information repository (even though building on many of them, again)!
High volume aggregation of digital representations of cultural artefacts together with rich contextualisation data and embedded in a Linked Open Data architecture.
Enabling knowledge generation …
… and maybe even speculative thinking
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 18
Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana: Class Model Context
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 19
Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana: Property Model Context
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 20
Basic Object RepresentationModeling using Classes and Properties
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 21
Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 22
Semantic Contextualisation in Europeana
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 23
Context Data•DBpedia•GND•Geonames•LCSH•…
And all this ends up in a huge datacloud: Linked Open Data
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 24
An Example: Thoughtlab (1)
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 25
An Example (2)
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 26
The Datacloud Behind theExample
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 27
An Example (3)
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 28
An Example (4)
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 29
An Example (5)
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 30
An Example (6)
Prof. Dr. Stefan Gradmann: Knowledge = Information in ContextICDL 2010, New Delhi, 26 February 2010 31
An Example (7)
Adam & Eve
∞
Conclusion: from 'Connecting' to 'Thinking'
Thank you for your patience and attention!
And this transition in turn positions Europeana nicely in the DIKT continuum!
Europeana enables a crucial transition (as illustrated in its changing logos!)