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Racial Attitudes and the Future

of Fair Housing

The Next Forth Years of Fair Housing: Developing anAgenda for Integration in the 21st Century

Camille Zubrinsky CharlesEdmund J. and Louise W. Kahn Term Professor in the Social Sciences,

University of Pennsylvania

7 October 2008

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More than a century ago, W.E.B. DuBois (1903)recognized the importance of neighborhoodsthephysical proximity of home and dwelling-places,the way in which neighborhoods groupthemselves, and [their] contiguityas primarylocations for social interaction, lamenting that thecolor line separating black and white

neighborhoods caused each to see the worst in theother (1990, p. 120-21).

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Current Trends in Residential Segregation

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BLACKS LATINOS ASIANSRegion/Metro Dissimilarity

(80-00 )

Isolation(80-00 )

Exposure(80-00 )

Dissimilarity

(80-00 )

Isolation(80-00 )

Exposure(80-00 )

Dissimilarity

(80-00 )

Isolation(80-00 )

Exposure(80-00 )

Chicago 81 (-8) 73 (-10) 16 (+5) 62 (-2) 48 (+10) 38 (-13) 44 (-3) 15 (+6) 63 (-12)

Western Area Average 52 (-11) 18 (-12) 41 (-7) 47 (+9) 36 (+13) 42 (-20) 42 (+3) 24 (+13) 48 (-19)

Southwestern Area Average 53 (-15) 24 (-20) 43 (+4) 49 (+4) 42 (+12) 44 (-15) 36 (+5) 8 (+5) 62 (-17)

Midwestern Area Average 74 (-7) 59 (-8) 34 (+4) 46 (+4) 16 (+7) 65 (-12) 41 (+3) 7 (+4) 75 (-12)

Southern Area Average 61 (-10) 53 (-10) 35 (+2) 43 (+10) 19 (+10) 54 (-18) 39 (+1) 6 (+4) 62 (-18)

Eastern Area Average 72 (-6) 46 (-8) 33 (-2) 57 (+3) 28 (+10) 48 (-14) 42 (+3) 12 (+7) 68 (-13)

Overall Average 62 (-10) 41 (-12) 37 (+1) 48 (+6) 27 (+10) 51 (-16) 40 (+3) 11 (+6) 62 (-16)

Adapted from Charles, 2006.

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Figure 4.4. Multi-Ethnic Neighborhood Experiment Showcard

Source:1993-94 Los Angeles Survey of Urban Inequality

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Table 4.5. Summary Statistics, Neighborhood Racial Composition Preferences by

Respondent and Target-Group Race

Respondent Race/Nativity Status

Target Group Race Whites Blacks

NB

Latinos

FB

Latinos

NB

Asians

FB

Asians

White NeighborsMean % ---- 21.52% 26.18% 24.50% 27.52% 30.62%

No Whites ---- 8.71 5.67 15.81 0.74 8.34

Black Neighbors

Mean % 14.91% ---- 15.39% 11.74% 16.29% 9.38% No Blacks 20.04 ---- 18.97 38.07 14.83 44.44

Latino/a NeighborsMean % 15.82% 19.83% ---- ---- 19.76% 13.54%

No Latinos 18.46 9.36 ---- ---- 8.76 29.38

Asian NeighborsMean % 16.29% 16.25% 16.05% 15.71% ---- ----

No Asians 17.78 16.78 18.61 25.12 ---- ----

Same-Race NeighborsMean % 52.97% 42.39% 42.37% 48.04% 36.43% 46.46%

All Same-Race 12.35 3.02 3.84 8.39 0.74 8.13

Notes:p < .001.

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From Attitudes to PreferencesHow do various racial attitudes impact preferences

for residential integration?

How do characteristics associated with immigrationin addition to racial attitudesimpact theneighborhood racial composition preferences ofLatinos and Asians?

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From Attitudes to PreferencesHow do various racial

attitudes impact preferencesfor residential integration?ClassismEthnocentrism

Prejudice:Racial Stereotyping Social DistanceMinority Perception of

Whites as Perpetrators

of DiscriminationPerceived Racial GroupThreat

How do immirgation-related characteristicsimpact preferences?National OriginLength of time in the US

5 yrs or less in the US 6-10 years in the USOver 10 years in the USNative-born

Interactions between time

in the US and:National OriginEnglish ProficiencyVarious Racial

Attitudes

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Summary of Findings:From Attitudes to Preferences

Neighborhood racial composition preferences areprimarily a function of racial prejudice; this is true forALL groups, but the association is strongest amongwhites

Classism and ethnocentrism are, at best, marginally

influential (with the exception of Asians)Perceptions of whites as tending to discriminate

negatively impact nonwhites preferences for whiteneighbors

Immigration complicatesfor Latinos, patterns suggestinternalization process; for Asians, racial contextimportant (all immigrants more resistant than NB to co-residence with blacks and Latinos; however, Koreans(native- and foreign-born) are two or three times more

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Where Do We Go From Here?

InAn American Dilemma (1944), GunnarMyrdal warned that racial residentialsegregation permits prejudice to be freelyvented on Negroes without hurting whites(p. 618).

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Where Do We Go From Here?Race matters over and above objective

differences in social class characteristics

Strategies that get communities working

together toward common goalsAggressive public relations campaigns (e.g.,

value added by diversity, desirableneighborhood amenities)

Affirmative marketingActive, dilligent enforcement of

antidiscrimination lawsgreatestimprovements in whites attitudes occurred

AFTER the passage of the Civil Rights Acts of 11