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Products from OilProducts from Oil

By the end of the lesson you should be able to:

•Describe how oil can be separated•Name some products of fractional distillation•Give the difference between organic and inorganic compounds•Give some properties of polymers and explain why they are useful

04/12/23Hydrocarbons and crude Hydrocarbons and crude oiloil

Longer chains

mean…

1. Less ability to

flow

2. Less flammable

3. Less volatile

4. Higher boiling

point

Incre

asin

g le

ng

th

Crude oil is a mixture of HYDROCARBONS (compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen). Some examples:

Ethane

C C

HH

H

HH

H

Butane

C C

HH H

HH

H C C H

H

HH

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Fractional distillationFractional distillationCrude oil can be separated by fractional distillation. The oil is evaporated and the hydrocarbon chains of different lengths condense at different temperatures:

Fractions with low boiling

points condense at

the top

Fractions with high boiling

points condense at the bottom

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Important key pointsImportant key pointsKey point ExplanationOrganic Contain carbon. E.g. CH4, CH3COOH

Inorganic Do not contain carbon. E.g. H2O, NaNO3

Polymer Long chains of molecules. E.g. Polythene

Thermoplastic

Changes shape when heated, polymer chains can move about when heated

Advantages of plastic

Properties of different plastics make them fit for certain jobs, e.g. durable

Disadvantages of plastic

Difficult to dispose of, oil (from which plastics are made) is running out