Production Optimization of a Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoir ...
Transcript of Production Optimization of a Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoir ...
Production Optimization of a Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoir with Well
Completions: A Numerical Simulation Study
by
Cyrille W. Defeu, B.S.
A Thesis
In
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
Submitted to the Graduate Faculty
of Texas Tech University in
Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for
the Degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCES
IN
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
Approved
Dr. M. Rafiqul Awal
Chair of Committee
Dr. Shameem Siddiqui
Dr. Habib K. Menouar
Peggy Gordon Miller
Dean of the Graduate School
December, 2010
Copyright 2010, Cyrille Defeu
DEDICATION
To the Almighty God giver of life and wisdom,
To my parents, who never had a college education, but understood its importance, and
sacrificed everything in their life for our education,
To my sisters and brothers for their unconditional support and love,
To my grandmother for her encouragement,
To the rest of my family and friends for prayers and continual support.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Mohammad Rafiqul Awal,
Chairperson of my committee for igniting this study, for guiding my steps through this
work and for his endless support. I am also grateful to the members of my committee Dr.
Shameem Siddiqui and Dr. Habib Menouar for co-advising this project and always
making sure my work was on track.
To Dr. Lloyd R. Heinze for encouraging me to enroll in Graduate School, I would like to
graciously say thank you.
I would like to express my thanks to my colleagues and friends specially Mr. Amao
Abiodin (Matthew) and Stacey Amamoo, for going out of their way to help me on this
work.
I would like to express my thanks to Dr. Thomas Tan, President of T. T. & Associate for
providing academic license at no cost to use the commercial 3D black oil simulator,
Exodus™ and also for his technical assistance and support.
Thanks to the staff and faculty of Bob L. Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering for
providing me close assistance since day one here at Texas Tech University, I could not
imagine my journey here without your support.
Finally I would like to thank my very supportive fiancée Sandrine Ngamo for being by
my side all along this journey.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................. ii
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................ xi
1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background – Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources ............................................... 1
1.2. Tight Gas ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1. Definition ............................................................................................................. 4
1.2.2. Reservoir Characterization ................................................................................... 4
1.2.3. Reserve Estimation .............................................................................................. 5
1.3. Scope of the Work and Objectives ............................................................................... 7
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE .......................................................................................................... 9
2.1. Tight Gas Reservoir Properties ..................................................................................... 9
2.1.1. Porosity and Permeability .................................................................................... 9
2.1.2. Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability ........................................................ 9
2.2. Tight Gas Reservoir Type Completions (tight gas production methods) ...................... 11
2.3. Tight Gas Hydraulic Fracture Simulation..................................................................... 12
2.3.1. Well Model ........................................................................................................ 12
2.3.2. Combination of Fractures Simulators to Reservoir Simulator .............................. 14
2.4. Literature Search on Tight Gas Sand Reservoir Optimization ...................................... 17
2.5. Statement of Problem ............................................................................................... 18
2.5.1. Description of Tasks ........................................................................................... 18
2.5.2. Assumptions and Considerations ....................................................................... 19
3 METHODOLGY ....................................................................................................................... 21
3.1 Base Case: Simple Vertical Wells ................................................................................ 21
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3.2 Vertical Wells with Hydraulic Fractures ...................................................................... 22
3.4 Well Architecture Analysis ......................................................................................... 24
3.4 Distance between Fractures Planes............................................................................ 26
3.4.1 Distance Between Transverse Fractures ............................................................. 26
3.4.2 Distance Between Hydraulic Fractures Planes of two Vertical Wells ................... 27
4 NUMERICAL SIMULATION ..................................................................................................... 29
4.1 General Description of Commercial Simulator Used ................................................... 29
4.2 Validation of the Simulator ........................................................................................ 29
4.3 Base Case Simulation and Model Description ............................................................. 32
4.4 Modeling Well Completion Features .......................................................................... 33
4.4.1 Well Model ........................................................................................................ 34
4.4.2 Hydraulic Fractures Modelling ............................................................................ 34
4.5 Case Studies .............................................................................................................. 36
4.5.1 Vertical Wells Comparison ................................................................................. 36
4.5.2 Architecture Analysis ......................................................................................... 36
4.5.3 Potential and Streamline Analysis ...................................................................... 36
4.5.4 Application......................................................................................................... 36
5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................................................................... 37
5.1 Vertical Wells............................................................................................................. 37
5.2 Completion Architecture............................................................................................ 42
5.3 Special Well Completion Studies ................................................................................ 45
5.3.1 Collinear Fractures in Vertical Wells for Mitigating Flow Convergence ................ 45
5.3.2 Optimizing Spacing between two Consecutive Transverse Fractures (horizontal
well completion) ............................................................................................................... 47
5.3.3 Optimizing spacing between two consecutive vertical well fractures (vertical well
completion)....................................................................................................................... 49
5.4 Development of a New, Optimized Field Development Concept for Tight Gas
Sandstone Reservoir ............................................................................................................. 52
5.5 Economic Analysis ..................................................................................................... 54
6 CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 59
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6.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 59
6.2 Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 60
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 61
A ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 64
B MODELING DATA FILES.......................................................................................................... 73
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ABSTRACT
Tight gas sands have significant gas reserves, which require cost-effective well
completion technology and reservoir development plans for viable commercial
exploitation. In this study, a new approach for well completion method coupled with a
suitable reservoir development plan is proposed. Several well completion and well
placement options are examined for optimum gas recovery and maximum economic
returns. A commercially available numerical reservoir simulator (Exodus™ version 6.00)
has been used extensively to study the various reservoir development scenarios. A novel
hydraulic fracturing configuration involving a pair of vertical wells is proposed and is
found to show excellent performance compared to more traditional hydraulic fracturing
and horizontal well configurations.
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LIST OF TABLES
1.1 Reserve Estimate Comparison of Conventional Gas Reservoir and Tight
Gas Sand ………………………………………………………………….
6
4.1 Numerical Reservoir Simulation Validation Data from SPE 108176 …… 30
4.2 Simulation Model Data ………………………………………………..… 32
4.3 Hydraulic Fractures Properties ...………………………………………… 34
5.1 Economic Data …………………………………………………………... 55
A.1 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet for Base Case …………………….…… 65
A.2 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 9 Vertical Wells with Hydraulic
Fractures …………………………………………………………………...
66
A.3 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 8 Wells with Hydraulic Fractures ……… 67
A.4 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 6 Wells with Hydraulic Fractures ……… 68
A.5 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 5 Wells with Hydraulic Fractures ……… 69
A.6 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 4 Wells with Hydraulic Fractures 70
A.7 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 2 Vertical Wells with Parallel Hydraulic
Fractures Planes ……………………………………………………………
71
A.8 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 2 Vertical Wells with Collinear
Hydraulic Fractures Planes ………………………………………………...
72
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LIST OF FIGURES
1.1 Natural Gas Resource Triangle ……………………………………..……... 2
1.2 U.S. Tight Gas Sand Basins (Law, 2003) ……………………………..…... 3
1.3 Decline Curve - Rate vs. Time - exponential, harmonic, hyperbolic…….… 7
2.1 Illustration of Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability Relationships
in Conventional Gas Reservoir and in Tight Gas Sand Reservoir (Shanley
et al., 2004) …………………………………………………………………
10
2.2 Conceptual Representation of Hydraulically Fractured Reservoir Model
that Uses Separate Objects - DCN Model (Hoffman and Chang, 2009) …...
13
2.3 Example of Fracture Model Output Showing Fracture Conductivity
Distribution and Fracture Dimensions (Shaoul et al., 2007) …………….…
15
2.4 Detail of Fracture Properties for two Longitudinal Fractures along a
Horizontal Wellbore, corresponding to the Fracture Model Result from
Figure 2.3 (Shaoul et al., 2007) ………………………………………….…
16
2.5 Integrated Reservoir Modeling and Decision Making Tools for Spacing
Optimization (Turkarslan et al. 2010) ……………………………….……..
18
2.6 Thermodynamic Properties of the Gas (Volume Formation Factor and
Viscosity) …………………………………………………………….…….
19
2.7 Relative Permeability of Tight Gas Sand from Brooks and Corey
Equations …………………………………………………………………..
20
3.1 Base Case 16 Vertical Wells with 40 Acres Spacing (Exodus ™) …….…. 22
3.2 Schematic Illustration of Scenarios with Vertical Wells …………….…… 23
3.3 Schematic Illustration of 2 Vertical Wells with 500 ft half-length Hydraulic
fracture placed in parallel -Top View ……………………………..………
24
3.4 Schematic Illustration of 2 Vertical Wells with 500 ft half-length Hydraulic
fracture placed on the same line – Top View ………………………..…….
25
3.5 Schematic Illustration of 2 Horizontal Wells with 3 Transverse Hydraulic
Fractures each ……………………………………………………………..
26
3.6 Transverse Hydraulic Fracture Moving along the Horizontal Well Length 27
3.7 Wells and Hydraulic Fractures Displaced Horizontally ………………….. 28
4.1 Production Performance for Hydraulically Fractured well in a Single-layer
Reservoir (Cheng et al., 2008) …………………………………………….
31
4.2 Reservoir Simulation Validation Results …………………………………. 31
4.3 Exodus ™ Base Case Scenario Showing Well Locations and Porosity
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Distribution ………………………………………………………………… 33
4.4 Illustration of Hydraulic Fracture Local Grid Refinement – Top View and
3-D View ……………………………………………………………………
35
5.1 Gas Rate of the 5 Cases with 500 ft Half-length Hydraulic Fracture and the
Base Case ……………………………………………………………...........
37
5.2 Cumulative Gas Production of the 5 Cases with 500 ft Half-length
Hydraulic Fracture and the Base Case ……………………………………...
38
5.3 Cumulative Gas Production as function of the Number of Wells with
Hydraulic Fractures …………………………………………………………
39
5.4 Cumulative Gas Production as function of the Number of Wells with
Hydraulic Fractures – Semilog ……………………………………………..
39
5.5 Gas Recovery as function of the Number of Wells with Hydraulic
Fractures …………………………………………………………………....
41
5.6 Gas Recovery as function of the Number of Wells with Hydraulic
Fractures – Semilog ………………………………………………………...
41
5.7 Pressure Distribution after 30 years of Production for all the Cases
Mentioned in Section ……………………………………………………….
42
5.8 Pressure Distribution for 2 Wells Analysis after Production …………….... 43
5.9 Gas Production Rate for 2 Wells Analysis ……………………………….... 44
5.10 Gas Cumulative Production for 2 Wells Analysis ……………………..…... 44
5.11 Radial Flow Around the Well …………………………………………..….. 45
5.12 Potential lines and Streamlines for Pressure after 30 years of production .... 46
5.13 Schematic Illustration of Fracture Distance Effect …………………..…….. 47
5.14 Cumulative Gas Production at Various Fracture Distance ………….……... 48
5.15 Relationship of Cumulative Gas and Distance Between 2 Transverse
Fractures on a Horizontal Well …………………………………..…………
49
5.16 Schematic Illustration of Fracture Distance Effect between 2 Fractured
Vertical Wells ………………………………………………..……………..
50
5.17 Cumulative Production at Various Distances between 2 Vertical Fractured
Wells ……………………………………………………………………….
51
5.18 Relationship of Cumulative Gas Production and Distance between Fracture
Planes of 2 Vertical Wells ………………………………………...………..
52
5.19 Schematic Illustration of the Proposed Scheme ………………….………... 53
5.20 Pressure Distribution of the Proposed Scheme at the End of the Project
Lifetime ………………………………………………………..……………
54
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5.21 Cumulative Discounted Cash Flow for Vertical Wells ……….…………… 56
5.22 Cumulative Discounted Cash Flow Comparing Completions ……..………. 57
5.23 Cumulative Cash Flow for the Proposed Case Showing Payout Time …..… 58
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
b: Arps decline curve constant or decline exponent
Bg: volume gas formation factor
CBM: Coalbed Methane
cp: centipoise
D: Non-Darcy gas flow constant
DCN: Discrete connection of nodes
Dp: diameter of the pipe
ECL: Economic limit
FOI: Folds of increase
ft: feet
h: thickness of the net pay zone
k: absolute permeability
Kf: fracture permeability
Kfi: grid block fracture permeability
KfWf: fracture conductivity
krg : gas relative permeability
Krw: water relative permeability
LGR: Local grid refinement
md: milliDarcy
Mscf/d: thousand standard cubic feet per day
NPV: Net Present Value
P: Pressure
PI: Productivity index
psi: pounds per square inch
psia: pounds per square inch, absolute
PVT: Pressure, Volume and Temperature
Pwf: bottom hole flowing pressure
qg: gas production rate
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qi: Initial gas production rate
qt : Gas production rate at time t
rcf: Reservoir cubic feet
Re: Equivalent drainage radius
Rw: Wellbore radius
s: Skin factor
scf: standard cubic feet
Sgc : Critical gas saturation
Sw*: Normalized water saturation
Sw: Water saturation
Swc: Critical water saturation
Swirr: Irreducible gas saturation or Swr
T: Reservoir temperature
t: Time
Tcf: Trillion cubic feet
Tw: Well transmissibility
Wf: Fracture width
WPImult: Productivity index multiplier
Xf: Fracture half length
Zpg: Gas compressibility factor at pressure P
λ: Pore distribution index
ϕ: Porosity
ϕfi: Fractured gridblock porosity
∆yf: Gridblock fracture width
µ: Viscosity
µg: Gas viscosity
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background – Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources
Since tight sand gas is known as an unconventional resource, it is important to understand
the concept, the context and the importance of unconventional resources with respect to
energy supply in the world.
Initially considered as a marginal product in the energy industry for economical reasons,
hydrocarbon gas (natural gas) has become an important source of energy significantly
contributing to the world energy supply. Hydrocarbon gas has grown to be one of the
most favored source energy thanks to environmental concerns and development in
technology in both its production and its consumption.
„Unconventional‟ in the case of hydrocarbon energy is a term used to define those
resources that are not easily accessible and can only be produced at a higher cost than
those other resources that are considered „conventional‟.
To best illustrate the difference between conventional and unconventional resources, the
natural gas resource triangle shown below (Figure 1.1) was devised based on the concept
developed by Masters and Grey in the 1970‟s
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Figure 1.1 Natural Gas Resource Triangle
Easily accessible resources are at the top of the triangle and are small in quantity as
compared to unconventional resources which are available in large quantities but very
challenging with respect to exploration and production. Unconventional gas provides
over half of the US gas production
As far as natural gas is concerned, unconventional resource includes:
a) Gas Hydrates: the most abundant source of natural gas yet the most challenging
production-wise and most untapped. Gas Hydrates are ice-like crystal structure
solids formed from mixture of water and natural gas (usually methane) at high
pressure and low temperature. They are generally formed on most continental
margins near the sea floor below about 1600 ft of water depth, they can also be
found on land in Polar Regions. Estimates range anywhere from 7,000 Tcf to over
73,000 Tcf
b) Coalbed Methane (CBM): natural gas absorbed in coal matrix, due to technology
development in the early 1990‟s has become an important source of energy in
countries with abundant deposits of coal such as USA, for which it contributes
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over 1.6 trillion cubic feet of natural gas per year. In June 2009, the Potential Gas
Committee estimated that 163 Tcf of technically recoverable coalbed methane
existed in the United States, which made up 7.8 percent of the total natural gas
resource base.
c) Shale Gas, this is natural gas produced from shale generally considered as source
rock, it is stored in shale in various forms: free gas in porous regions, free gas in
natural fractures and gas absorbed in the matrix. Shale gas is expected to
contribute about half of the natural gas production in the next decade. A study has
suggested that shale gas resource in the U.S. range from 1,500 Tcf to 1,900 Tcf. As
of November 2008, FERC estimated there were 742 Tcf of technically recoverable
shale gas resources in the United States.
d) Tight sand gas: generally found in low permeability sand formation, tight sand
account for about half of natural gas production in the US with 7,406 Tcf of
reserve worldwide. Tight sand gas will be our main focus in this report.
Figure 1.2 U.S. Tight Gas Sand Basins (Law, 2003)
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1.2. Tight Gas
1.2.1. Definition
Tight sand gas is referred to as gas that is stuck in a very tight formation underground,
trapped in uncommonly low permeability hard rock, or in a sandstone formation in most
cases, however they could also be found carbonates such as limestone that is unusually
impermeable and non-porous (tight sand). Typically, these formations contain net pay
zone ranging from 25 to over 250 feet, original reservoir pressure from 1500 to 15,000
psi and porosity from 3 to 10 percent.
Tight sand gas reservoir was first defined by US government in the 1970‟s for political
use in an attempt to define which gas wells will receive government incentive for
producing gas from deemed tight reservoirs. As such, a tight sand gas reservoir is defined
as any reservoir with a value of permeability to gas flow less than 0.1 md. However
political, this definition intrinsically combines fundamental fluid and reservoir parameters
in the well known Darcy‟s equation of fluid flow in porous media applied to gas as
follows (Holditch, 2006):
(1.1)
In equation 1.1 reservoir properties are accounted for, as well as fluid properties. Well
stimulation is represented by composite skin, s
1.2.2. Reservoir Characterization
One of the particularities of tight gas reservoir is the versatility of its characteristics as
such; in the characterization of the reservoir one must consider the following:
a) Geology: this defining regional thermal gradients, the regional pressure
gradients as well as the stratigraphy of the region.
b) Reservoir Continuity: this affects particularly the characteristics of the
drainage area, and the orientation of hydraulic fractures as it is
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conditioned by horizontal stresses in all of the reservoir layers. Reservoir
continuity depends essentially on regional tectonics.
c) Reservoir data acquisition: this is done in two ways, and the most
important and the most economical being the openhole well logging that
helps determine the volumetric (porosity, saturation), and the
petrophysical (resistivity, density) properties of the reservoir, some cases
may include special logs such wellbore image and nuclear magnetic
resonance. The second type of data acquisition is coring, this provides
essentially fluid flow properties and mechanical properties of the rock
d) Mechanical Properties: Most tight gas reservoir must be stimulated
before it is economically produced; the most popular method is hydraulic
fractures. For such procedure to be successful one must be aware the
mechanical properties of the pay zone and its surroundings, these
properties include: in-situ stress, Young‟s modulus and Poisson‟s ratio.
e) Permeability Distribution: This is an important concept to be considered
when it comes to forecasting gas flow. Holditch determined that most
tight gas reservoir follow the similar log normal permeability distribution
pattern. Therefore, the median permeability value is the best
approximation for central tendency as opposed to the arithmetic mean
values which tend to overestimate permeability values.
1.2.3. Reserve Estimation
Estimating reserves in tight gas reservoir is a delicate task as conventional well known
methods such as volumetric method, and material balance method rarely apply due to
assumptions used in developing these methods, Table 1.1 below elaborates on each and
their range of application. Literature abound with variations of material balance methods
adapted to tight gas reservoir most of them are based compartmental reservoir approach
these include the Payne (1996) method and the Hagoort and Hoostra (1999) method. The
most common methods as far as tight gas reservoirs are concerned are curve analysis
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(decline and type) and reservoir models when simulators are available. The focus in this
section is decline curve analyses since readily available and less cumbersome than others.
Table 1.1 Reserve Estimate Comparison of Conventional Gas Reservoir and Tight Gas
Sand (Holditch, 2006)
Method Conventional Gas
Reservoir
Tight Gas Sand
Reservoir
Volumetrics Accurate in blanket
reservoirs
Used only when n wells
have been drilled
Material Balance Accurate in depletion drive
reservoirs Should never be used
Decline Curves Exponential Decline usually
accurate
Must use Hyperbolic
Decline
Reservoirs Models Used to simulate the field Used to simulate
individual wells
Declines curve analysis is based on production history and uses plots of flow rate vs. time
and cumulative production (Cartesian or log-log scale) to determine reservoir parameters,
reserves and predict future production. Arps in the 1940‟s determined that production rate
decline behaviors were similar to one of the hyperbolic family of curves. Depending on
the curvature, decline behavior can be group as follow: exponential, harmonic and
hyperbolic. These behavior are illustrated in the figure below
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Figure 1.3 Decline Curve - Rate vs. Time - exponential, harmonic, hyperbolic
Tight gas reservoirs decline predominantly as hyperbolic decline type and are analyzed
with semi-log plot of production rate vs. time and obey to the following relationships
(1.2)
(1.3)
Di and b are determined iteratively from historical production data. Where 0 < b < 1,
1.3. Scope of the Work and Objectives
After elaborating on the background and the evolution of unconventional resources, it is
clear that unconventional resources are contributing increasingly and in a fast rate to our
energy supply, therefore the future of our energy supply lies essentially on
unconventional resources among which is tight sand gas. The affordability of
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unconventional resources is conditioned by how cost effective its development and its
extraction are. It is important to develop adequate extraction methods and techniques to
effectively produce tight sand gas reservoir.
Planning the development of the field is one of the most important steps in the extraction
process after geological, geophysical and petrophysical study of the field have been
executed. Nowadays numerical simulators have become handy tools to accomplish such
purpose.
Conventionally, a lot of wells must be drilled to get most of the gas out of these tight
formations. This study is using a reservoir simulation approach to optimize the potential
of a hypothetical gas field by comparing various completion methods ranging from
simple vertical wells to multistage hydraulically fractured horizontal wells and also by
determining the optimum number of wells to be drilled.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Tight Gas Reservoir Properties
Tight gas reservoirs are characterized by small pore throats and crack-like
interconnection between pores. These microscopic features result in some macroscopic
features such as high capillary pressure, low porosity, high irreducible wetting phase
saturation and low permeability.
2.1.1. Porosity and Permeability
Porosity in tight gas sand reservoir is made of a complex combination of various pore
shapes and the matrix cracks. Smith et al. (2009) demonstrated using sonic log that
velocities profile could not be analyzed without considering microcracks on the matrix.
Most of the permeability in tight sand reservoirs is attributed to cracks or microfractures.
It has been proven that permeability in tight sand reservoir is log normally distributed.
Low permeability in tight gas reservoirs results from the combine effects of stress
distribution, matrix composition and partial brine saturation.
2.1.2. Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability
The most significant differences between conventional reservoirs and low-permeability
reservoirs lie in the low-permeability structure itself, the response to overburden stress,
and the impact that the low-permeability structure has on effective permeability
relationships under conditions of multiphase saturation (Naik, 2006). Shanley et al.
(2006) demonstrated that low permeability reservoir are generally characterized with high
capillary pressure at relatively low wetting-phase saturations as compare to conventional
reservoir. This trend is illustrated in the figure below where capillary pressure and
relative permeability of both conventional reservoir and low permeability reservoir are
compared.
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Figure 2.1 Illustration of Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability Relationships in
Conventional Gas Reservoir and in Tight Gas Sand Reservoir (Shanley et al., 2004)
Critical water saturation (Swc), critical gas saturation (Sgc), and irreducible water
saturation (Swirr) are shown. In conventional reservoirs, irreducible water saturation and
critical water saturation are similar. In low-permeability reservoirs, however, irreducible
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water saturation and critical water saturation can be significantly different. Conventional
reservoirs are dominated with a wide range of water saturation for which multi phase
flow is observed. On the other hand, in low-permeability reservoirs such tight gas, there
is a broad range of water saturations in which neither gas nor water can flow. In some
very low-permeability reservoirs, there is virtually no mobile water phase even at very
high water saturations (Shanley et al., 2004).
Since relative permeability data are not readily available, and based on the above
observations, relative permeability can be calculated using computational technique as
indicated by Brooks and Corey equation and the lab measured capillary pressure. This
technique uses the following equations:
(2.1)
(2.2)
Where:
(2.3)
- λ represents the characteristics of the pore structure is the slope of the log-log plot of
Sw* versus Pc
Based on the desorption measurements, Ward and Morrow (1987) suggested that
irreducible water saturation for tight formation should be set at 30%.
2.2. Tight Gas Reservoir Type Completions (tight gas production
methods)
The successful exploitation of tight gas reservoirs relies on some combination of
horizontal drilling, multi-stage completions, innovative fracturing, and fracture mapping
to engineer economic completions (Warpinski et al., 2008). Unless faults are present,
tight gas reservoirs are known to yield relatively simple and planar fractures pattern after
hydraulic fracturing treatments. As oppose to shale gas reservoir, heavy network of
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hydraulic fractures are not required, instead marginal existing natural fractures most be
preserved and not damage in the process of fracturing.
2.3. Tight Gas Hydraulic Fracture Simulation
Experience have shown that artificially fractured low permeability reservoir can yield up
to 10 folds of increase in production (FOI) compare to non-fractured reservoir. This
contribution due to artificial fractures is significantly high not to be included in reservoir
management. In such cases, artificial fractures should be properly included in the
reservoir simulation models and the question is how should we do that? To answer this
question various methods varying from analytical (skin) to numerical (LGR) have been
documented in the literature. We will be discussing some of these methods
2.3.1. Well Model
Hoffman and Chang (2009) proposed to treat the hydraulic fracture as a discrete object
that is neither gridded nor included in the skin term of a traditional well model. Fractures
are modeled as a discrete connection of nodes (DCN). Practically hydraulic fracture is
represented as a well that does not produce to the surface. Since well can be connected to
any number of gridblocks, fractures are represented as shut-in wells that allow crossflow.
(Figure 2.2)
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Figure 2.2 Conceptual Representation of Hydraulically Fractured Reservoir Model that
Uses Separate Objects - DCN Model (Hoffman and Chang, 2009)
Two basic features of wells in common reservoir simulators help to tune the well to fit
physical and flow capacity of the fracture:
a) Well friction factor: this depends on well diameter and is used to account for
permeability in the fracture, as such; permeability can be sized by varying well
diameter. Knowing the permeability of the fracture, Hoffman and Chang proposed
to solve the following equation 2.4 for diameter of the pipe Dp to get the right
value to be input in the simulator.
(2.4)
Where kf is fracture permeability and is porosity
b) Well productivity index (PI) multipliers allow flow from the reservoir to the
fracture to be modeled differently than flow to a well. This parameter allows us to
modify fracture transmissibility to suit hydraulic fractures, it is quantified as well
productive index multiplier (WPImult) and is calculated from equation 2.5
assuming well transmissibility (Tw) equals fracture transmissibility, the effective
drainage radius is e (exponential), the well radius is one and skin is 0.
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(2.5)
Hoffman and Chang concluded that the use of wells to model fractures is more
fundamental. From a mathematical standpoint, wells are simply source/sink terms that
remove or add fluids to the grid at specific locations. Source/sink terms do not have to
remove fluid or add new fluid to the reservoir (although they usually do that when
modeling wells). They can simply move fluid from one gridblock to another as needed
for a fracture.
2.3.2. Combination of Fractures Simulators to Reservoir Simulator
Noticing that predicting production from hydraulically fractured wells has always been a
challenge and approximated through three basic approaches such as analytical solutions
to fracture conductivity, negative skin factor to represent fracture stimulation and manual
grid refinement to represent hydraulic fractures, all of which are not physical
representation of the hydraulic fractures. Shaoul et al. (2007) opted for a different
approach by building a tool that consists of generating models of fractures using
hydraulic fracture simulator and combining them with commercial or any numerical
reservoir simulator.
Fracture model. This is built based on a 3D commercial fracture simulator which can
handle both proppant and acid fractures; the advantage of such method is that all physical
properties of the fractures are available for transmission to the reservoir simulator. The
most important outputs for reservoir simulation are fracture dimension and fracture
conductivity; these properties are illustrated in Figure 2.3.
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Figure 2.3 Example of Fracture Model Output Showing Fracture Conductivity Distribution
and Fracture Dimensions (Shaoul et al., 2007)
The spatial variation (physical dimensions) observed on the fracture simulator output is
converted to a rectangular grid for reservoir simulator. Due to heterogeneity of both the
fracture width and fracture conductivity, the gridblocks width being constant,
permeability of each fracture gridblock is adjusted to obtain equivalent fracture
conductivity; an illustration is shown on Figure 2.4.
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Figure 2.4 Detail of Fracture Properties for two Longitudinal Fractures along a Horizontal
Wellbore, corresponding to the Fracture Model Result from Figure 2.3 (Shaoul et al., 2007)
The reservoir simulator interface. This is articulated in 5 important steps:
a) Reservoir Data: the input file is created from the fracture growth model
previously prepared
b) Wellbore and Fracture Geometry: these options are readily available in most
reservoir simulators, the well inflow is handled by the Peaceman approach
c) Automatic Grid Generation: a grid generation algorithm is created to adapt the
grid to the geometry of the reservoir, the fracture and the well; and also to
optimize the gridblocks numbers with respect to the CPU usage. This step also
include the optimization of the local grid refinement (LGR)
d) Initialization of Grid Properties: every gridblock in the host grid and the LGR is
assigned value of each distributed reservoir characteristic. This is done by using t
equation 2.6 and equation 2.7 to convert fracture properties into corresponding
gridblock values:
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(2.6)
(2.7)
Where k and are permeability and porosity respectively, b is actual fracture width,
∆y gridblock width, subscript f denotes gridblock property and subscript fi denotes
actual fracture property.
e) Model Run Time: the time it takes to generate input data for the reservoir simulator is
very short ranging from 1 to 5 second, the execution of the final reservoir simulation
depends on various factors such as the computer used, number of gridlocks and
number of fractures. Additional inputs are needed in order to complete a successful
simulation; these include PVT and relative permeability data, production wellbore
configuration, and production constraints.
2.4. Literature Search on Tight Gas Sand Reservoir Optimization
In the early days of tight gas sand reservoir exploitation, Holditch et al. study well
spacing and fracture length and constructed a series of plots could be used to optimize
tight formations. They found out that these tools depend essentially on the permeability
of the reservoir. They concluded that for reservoir with permeability above 0.05 md the
optimum length of the fracture should be about one-half of the optimum drainage radius
whereas for reservoir below 0.01 md the focus should be long fracture and smaller well
spacing. Holditch 1978
Warpinski et al. in attempt to maximize gas production warns that in tight gas reservoir,
network fractures are not as likely to develop, so maximizing drainage efficiency
probably involves minimizing damage of any natural fracture system by fluid damage
which is the direct opposite to shale gas (Warpinski et al., 2009). According to Warpinski
et al. tight reservoir optimization should focus should focus on fracture length, number
fracture per well and fracture clean up.
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After remarking that early planification of reservoir development through optimal
spacing can help protect the environment and enhance profitability by avoiding
overdrilling, Turkaslan et al. based their spacing optimization models on statistical
approach. No generalized solution is proposed but a framework leading to spacing
optimization is proposed and as illustrated in Figure 2.5 (Turkaslan et al., 2010)
Figure 2.5 Integrated Reservoir Modeling and Decision Making Tools for Spacing
Optimization (Turkarslan et al. 2010)
2.5. Statement of Problem
A section of 640 acres and a net pay of 150 ft at a depth of 7200 ft was considered for
this study. This is a dry gas reservoir with no aquifer pressure support (no liquid and
condensate produced). This reservoir has an initial pressure of 5000 psia and is produced
until economic limit set at 50 Mscf/d or, the duration of the project life set at 30 years,
whichever is earlier.
2.5.1. Description of Tasks
The purpose of this study is to develop several reservoir management and well
completion scenarios, and study each using a commercially available numerical reservoir
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simulator. Total field production data are used to run economic analysis and the best case
is picked on the basis of relevant economic parameters for the project.
2.5.2. Assumptions and Considerations
It assumed that this reservoir is homogeneous with porosity 8%, horizontal permeability
0.01 md and vertical permeability 0.001 md. The thermodynamic properties of the gas are
calculated using Standing‟s correlation (Figure 2.6).
Relative permeability data are calculated using Brooks-Corey equations for gas and
water. λ is assigned the value 2 and plug into equations 2.1 and 2.2 to obtain relative
permeability values for gas and water that will mimic the permeability jail profile (see
Figure 2.7).
Figure 2.6 Thermodynamic Properties of the Gas (Volume Formation Factor and Viscosity)
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Figure 2.7 Relative Permeability of Tight Gas Sand from Brooks and Corey Equations
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLGY
Synthetic data are used to build the model used for this project as illustrated in the next
chapter. Cumulative gas production is used to gauge each type of completion considered
in this project and economic analysis is used for decision making.
3.1 Base Case: Simple Vertical Wells
This case consist of 16 wells placed on equal spaces of 40 acres it is produced until
economic limits or end of the project set at 30 years (10,950 days). These wells are
completed vertically with no hydraulic fractures and connected on the entire pay zone.
This is used benchmark for this project. This combines radial flow around the well and
early potential interference between streamlines.
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Figure 3.1 Base Case 16 Vertical Wells with 40 Acres Spacing (Exodus ™)
3.2 Vertical Wells with Hydraulic Fractures
A decreasing number of vertical wells hydraulic fractures are placed on the field so that
the effect of hydraulic fractures could be analyzed and compared to the base case. The
half-length of the fracture is set to 500 ft to remain conservative in the analysis. The
different scenarios ran are chosen in such a way that drainage area is the same for each
wells. The number wells chosen are respectively 9, 8, 5, 4, and 2. Figure 3.2 illustrate all
these scenarios except 2 vertical wells scenario shown in Figure 3.3
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Figure 3.2 Schematic Illustration of Scenarios with Vertical Wells
The equivalent number of vertical wells with 500 ft half-length hydraulic fracture is
obtained by plotting the recovery against the number of vertical wells with hydraulic
fractures and fitting a trend line which is then used to calculate the equivalent number of
vertical wells with hydraulic fractures knowing the recovery factor of the base case.
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3.4 Well Architecture Analysis
To analyze well patterns, two wells are considered and placed on the section with respect
to the following patterns.
a) 2 vertical wells with 500 ft half length hydraulic fractures placed parallel to
each other. (see Figure 3.3)
Figure 3.3 Schematic Illustration of 2 Vertical Wells with 500 ft half-length Hydraulic
fracture placed in parallel -Top View
b) 2 vertical wells with 500 ft half length hydraulic fractures placed on the same
horizontal line. (see Figure 3.4)
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Figure 3.4 Schematic Illustration of 2 Vertical Wells with 500 ft half-length Hydraulic
fracture placed on the same line – Top View
c) 2 horizontal wells with well length of 1680 ft placed on the same line.
Equivalent well length is determined using graphical method by Brown and Economides
(1992). This method uses the fracture half-length of vertical wells to determine the
corresponding horizontal well length for various permeability values. For this case
permeability less than 0.1 md is used.
d) 2 horizontal wells with 3 transverse fractures on each wells and fracture half-
length 500 ft, both wells are placed on the same horizontal line. (see Figure 3.5)
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Figure 3.5 Schematic Illustration of 2 Horizontal Wells with 3 Transverse Hydraulic
Fractures each
3.4 Distance between Fractures Planes
3.4.1 Distance Between Transverse Fractures
Distance between 2 transverse fracture is analyzed by considering a single horizontal well
with well length 1680 ft. One fracture is kept fix at the heel of the well and the other
initially set close to the first one is moved towards the toe of the well as illustrated on
Figure 3.6, at increment distance as could be allowed by grid cells size, in this case
increments of 80 ft.
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Figure 3.6 Transverse Hydraulic Fracture Moving along the Horizontal Well Length
3.4.2 Distance Between Hydraulic Fractures Planes of two Vertical Wells
Two wells with hydraulic fractures are initially placed at the centre of the section, 160 ft
apart from each other with the fracture planes parallel to each other. The wells are then
moved on the same horizontal in incremental distance to observe the effect of distance
between fracture planes on the recovery. Figure 3.7 illustrates the mechanism of wells
and fracture movement.
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Figure 3.7 Wells and Hydraulic Fractures Displaced Horizontally
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CHAPTER 4
NUMERICAL SIMULATION
4.1 General Description of Commercial Simulator Used
The need to predict hydrocarbon reservoir performance is of a fundamental importance in
petroleum industry decision making for reservoir management; the most accurate method
in achieving such a goal is reservoir simulation. It is therefore very important that the
model created be precise and as close as possible to the real reservoir. One of the
challenges of reservoir simulation is modeling micro-systems such as fractures (generally
hydraulically fractured reservoir) in the reservoir.
In this project we will be using Exodus ™ v. 6.00 from T. T. & Associates Inc. in
Canada. Exodus™ v. 6.00 is K-compositional reservoir simulator. Exodus internally
converts black oil data into compositional equivalents. It can simulate three dimensions
problems in either Cartesian or cylindrical coordinates. Exodus™ v. 6.00 is fully implicit
and uses Newton Raphson methods to ensure maximum stability and adaptability.
Exodus is by default a block centered reservoir simulator. Exodus has functionalities such
as:
- Dual porosity/dual permeability modeling
- Coarse grid modeling
- Local grid refinement
- Modeling single well hydraulic fractures
More than just reservoir simulation, Exodus™ v. 6.00 has additional components such as
a map digitizer and a Pre-Tax economic analysis tool.
4.2 Validation of the Simulator
Before using the simulator for the planned studies, a level of confidence is required to
ascertain the accuracy the simulator. This is usually done by a benchmark test. In this
study, a benchmark test was performed using published data in a relevant SPE
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comparative paper (Cheng et al., 2008). Table 4.1 shows the data used for the simulator
validation and figure 4.1 shows the result from a different simulator used for the paper.
Figure 4.2 represents the results of Exodus™ simulated data compared with the digitized
results obtained from Figure 4.1. Given that, fracture width of 0.02 in and the minimum
size of a cell on Exodus™ is 1 ft, Hydraulic fracture width on the simulator is represented
by 1 ft width of local grid refined cell. The permeability of the refined cell is adjusted
accordingly to reflect the conductivity of the actual fracture which is 100 md-ft. since
relative permeability data were not provided by the authors, Brooks and Corey equations
were used. Also gas volume formation factor and gas viscosity was calculated from gas
gravity and using Standings correlations.
Table 4.1 Numerical Reservoir Simulation Validation Data from Cheng et al. (2008)
Reservoir and Fracture Properties
Reservoir Temperature 250 oF
Initial Reservoir Pressure 5,000 psi
Net-pay Thickness 150 ft
Drainage Area 80 Acres
Gas Porosity 0.06
Gas Permeability 0.006 md
Fracture Length 450 ft
Fracture Conductivity 100 md-ft
Bottomhole Flowing Pressure 1,000 psi
Fluid Properties
Gas Gravity (air = 1.0) 0.65
Initial Gas Viscosity 0.025 cp
Initial Gas Compressibility 1.2 x 10-4 psi-1
Initial Gas Production Rate 2,000 Mscf/D
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Figure 4.1 Production Performance for Hydraulically Fractured well in a Single-layer
Reservoir (Cheng et al. 2008)
Figure 4.2 Reservoir Simulation Validation Results
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4.3 Base Case Simulation and Model Description
The model for this project is created by using a section (640 acres) and net pay of 150 ft
divided in 3 equal thickness layers. The grid sizes in x and y directions are chosen with
respect to the wells distribution for each case. Table 4.2 below shows hypothetical data
representative of a tight gas sandstone reservoir and grid size for the base case. (sample
data file included in Appendix B)
Table 4.2 Simulation Model Data
Reservoir Model
Model Size, feet 5280x5280x150
Model Area, Acres 640
Number of Layers 3
Net Thickness, feet/layer 50
Top Depth of the Reservoir, feet 7,200
Porosity, fraction 0.08
X Permeability, md 0.01
Y Permeability, md 0.01
Z Permeability, md 0.001
Rock Compressibility, v/v/psi 3.00E-06
Initial Datum Pressure, psia 5,000
Datum Depth, feet 7,200
Gas-Water Contact, feet 7,500
Reservoir Temperature, oF 250
Fluid Properties
Gas Gravity (air = 1.0) 0.72
Water Density, lbs/ft3 62.41
Water Viscosity, cp 0.2332
Well Flow Parameters
Well Index Peaceman
Well Radius, ft 0.3
Flowing Bottom Hole Pressure, psia 1,000
Minimum Gas Rate, Mscf/d 50
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Figure 4.3 Exodus ™ Base Case Scenario Showing Well Locations and Porosity Distribution
4.4 Modeling Well Completion Features
As Indicated, the various reservoir development scenarios include several well
completion options as follow:
- Vertical well completion
- Horizontal well completion
- Vertical with fractures (by hydraulic fracturing)
- Horizontal with transverse fractures or with longitudinal fractures (by hydraulic
fracturing)
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4.4.1 Well Model
All vertical wells are completed on the entire thickness of the pay zone. For each wells
there are three connections, one for each layers. Well productivity index is automatically
calculated using Peaceman method.
Horizontal wells are completed through the second (middle) layer and the x-direction.
The number of connection is determined by the length.
All the wells are block centered and flow data are included in the previous section.
4.4.2 Hydraulic Fractures Modelling
Hydraulic fractures are simulated using local grid refinement (LGR). Actual fracture data
are represented in the table below. A fracture width of 0.02 in is represented by 1 ft LGR
fracture width since it is the minimum size of an LGR cell. The permeability of the LGR
fracture is adjusted accordingly to the conductivity of the actual fracture. LGR hydraulic
fracture is illustrated on Figure 4.4. (sample data file included in Appendix B)
Table 4.3 Hydraulic Fractures Properties
Half-length, Xf 500 ft
Width, Wf 0.02 ft
Conductivity KfWf 100 md-ft
LGR Frac Width 1 ft
Hydraulic Fracture
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Figure 4.4 Illustration of hydraulic fracture Local Grid Refinement – Top view and 3-D view
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4.5 Case Studies
The above well completion features are used in various ways to create several reservoir
management plays as described below:
4.5.1 Vertical Wells Comparison
- Base Case 16 vertical wells
- 9 vertical wells with 500 ft half length fracture (9 V Wells HF 500)
- 8 vertical wells with 500 ft half length fracture (8 V Wells HF 500)
- 5 vertical wells with 500 ft half length fracture (5 V Wells HF 500)
- 4 vertical wells with 500 ft half length fracture (4 V Wells HF 500)
- 2 vertical wells with 500 ft half length fracture parallel (2 V Wells HF 500)
4.5.2 Architecture Analysis
- 2 vertical wells with 500 ft half length fracture parallel (2 VP Wells HF 500)
- 2 vertical wells with 500 ft half length fracture collinear (2 VL Wells HF 500)
- 2 horizontal wells with 1680 ft well length collinear (2 H Wells 1680)
- 2 horizontal wells with 1680 ft well length collinear and 3 transverse fracture of
500 ft (2 H Wells 3 HFT 500)
4.5.3 Potential and Streamline Analysis
- 2 vertical wells with 1,000 ft half length fracture collinear (2 VL Wells HF
1,000)
4.5.4 Application
- 6 vertical wells with 500 ft half length fracture ( V Wells HF 500)
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CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As elaborated in chapter 3, different types of completions were analyzed to both find the
best well architecture for tight gas and also to understand the flow pattern for each
completion setup.
5.1 Vertical Wells
16 vertical wells on equal spacing of 40 acres were compared to different numbers of
vertical wells with hydraulic fractures of half length 500 ft and the results (Gas rate and
cumulative gas produced) are graphed below.
Figure 5.1 Gas Rate of the 5 Cases with 500 ft Half-length Hydraulic Fracture and the Base
Case
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Ave
rage
Gas
Rat
e, M
Mcf
/d
Time (Days)
Field Gas Rate Decline
16 V Wells 8 V Wells HF 500
9 V Wells HF 500 5 V Wells HF 500
4 V Wells HF 500 2 V Wells HF 500
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Figure 5.2 Cumulative Gas Production of the 5 Cases with 500 ft Half-length Hydraulic
Fracture and the Base Case
As could be seen on the plot above, the base case falls between 5 and 8 wells with 500 ft
half length hydraulic fractures. In order to find the equivalent number of wells
representing the base case, the cumulative gas produced at the end of 30 years is plotted
against the number of wells with hydraulic fractures, below are the Cartesian and the
semi-log representation respectively
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Cu
m G
as P
rod
uct
ion
, MM
SCF
Time Days
Field Gas Cummulative Production
16 V Wells 9 V Wells HF 500
8 V Wells HF 500 5 V Wells HF 500
4 V Wells HF 500 2 V Wells HF 500
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Figure 5.3 Cumulative Gas Production as function of the Number of Wells with Hydraulic
Fractures
Figure 5.4 Cumulative Gas Production as function of the Number of Wells with Hydraulic
Fractures - Semilog
Gp = 14655ln(Nhfw) + 1322.6R² = 0.9952
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
0 2 4 6 8 10
Cu
m P
rod
uct
ion
-X
f =
500'
(M
Mcf
)
Number of HF Wells (Nhfw)
Cummulative Production vs. Number of HF V Wells (Xf = 500')
Gp = 14655ln(Nhfw) + 1322.6R² = 0.9952
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
0 2 4 6 8 10
Cu
m P
rod
uct
ion
-X
f =
500'
(M
Mcf
)
Number of HF Wells (Nhfw)
Cumulative Production vs. Number of HF V Wells (Xf = 500')
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2 methods could be used obtained equivalent number of wells from the graph above:
- Graphical method, knowing the cumulative production, number of equivalent
could be obtained by extending a line from the cumulative gas production value
on the y axis to the curve and reading the corresponding number of wells on the x
axis.
- Using the equation obtained from the trendline the number of equivalent wells
could be calculated as follows:
Given,
Gp = 14655ln(Nhfw) + 1322.6 (5.1)
Solving for Nhfw gives,
(5.2)
A generalized method is obtained by using recovery factor instead of cumulative gas
produced. Dividing cumulative gas produced by the original gas in place and plotting the
result, the following pair of plot was obtained:
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Figure 5.5 Gas Recovery as function of the Number of Wells with Hydraulic Fractures
Figure 5.6 Gas Recovery as function of the Number of Wells with Hydraulic Fractures -
Semilog
Rf = 0.2391ln(Nhfw) + 0.0216R² = 0.9952
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 2 4 6 8 10
Re
cove
ry F
acto
r
Number of HF Wells (Nhfw)
Recovery vs. Number of HF V Wells (Xf = 500')
Rf = 0.2391ln((Nhfw) + 0.0216R² = 0.9952
0.01
0.1
1
0 2 4 6 8 10
Rec
ove
ry F
acto
r
Number of HF Wells (Nhfw)
Recovery vs. Number of HF V Wells (Xf = 500')
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Similarly, the number of equivalent wells with hydraulic fracture is given by:
(5.3)
Pressure distribution profile after 30 years of production of each case is shown in Figure
5.7
Figure 5.7 Pressure Distribution after 30 years of Production for all the Cases Mentioned in
Section 5.1
5.2 Completion Architecture
To optimize completion architecture, 4 completion scenarios were compared by coupling
two wells ( 2 vertical wells with hydraulic fractures in parallel, 2 vertical wells with
fracture in the same horizontal line, 2 horizontal wells and 2 horizontal wells with 3
transverse hydraulic fractures of half 500 ft) to better understand and measure interaction
mechanisms. The respective results for both flow rates and cumulative production are
plotted below, preceded by the top view of the reservoir for each case.
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Figure 5.8 Pressure Distribution for 2 Wells Analysis after Production
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Figure 5.9 Gas Production Rate for 2 Wells Analysis
Figure 5.10 Gas Cumulative Production for 2 Wells Analysis
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Gas
Pro
du
ctio
n R
ate
(MM
scf/
d)
Time Days
Gas Production Rate (2 wells)
2 H wells 3Layers 16802 H wells 3 HFT 5002 VP Wells HF 5002 VL Wells HF 500
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Cu
m P
rod
MM
scf
Time Days
Cumulative Gas MMscf (2 wells)
2 H wells 16802 H wells 3 HFT 5002 VP Wells HF 5002 VL Wells HF 500
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As could be seen from the figure 5.9 and figure 5.10, two horizontal wells with transverse
hydraulic fractures are in a class of their own and yield a better recovery.
5.3 Special Well Completion Studies
5.3.1 Collinear Fractures in Vertical Wells for Mitigating Flow Convergence
As far vertical wells are concerned, one the factors that leads to poor performance is flow
convergence around the well as shown in Figure 5.11, this type of flow in the reservoir
should be avoided as flow competition around the wellbore leads to high drawdown.
Wells with collinear hydraulic fractures yielded a better recovery than wells with parallel
hydraulic fractures. Therefore wells with larger collinear hydraulic fractures were
analyzed to understand the flow pattern and the following potential (pressure) and
streamline map was obtained after 30 years of production.
Figure 5.11 Radial Flow Around the Well
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Figure 5.12 Potential lines and Streamlines for Pressure after 30 years of production
Observing Figure 5.12, it is easily noticed that most of the flow through the reservoir is
linear, and there is interference in the streamline.
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5.3.2 Optimizing Spacing between two Consecutive Transverse Fractures
(horizontal well completion)
The effect of the distance between 2 transverse hydraulic fractures was analyzed by
moving one of the hydraulic fractures along the horizontal well length as the other one is
kept fix. The pressure distribution at the low, medium and high range distances was
captured and shown on Figure 5.13 to illustrate flow interference between fractures. The
graph on Figure 5.14 was then obtained after producing each case for 30 years.
Figure 5.13 Schematic Illustration of Fracture Distance Effect
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Figure 5.14 Cumulative Gas Production at Various Fracture Distance
Cumulative gas production for each distance between fractures was then used to plot the
following graph (figure 5.15) which shows a close to inverted parabolic relationship
between transverse fractures distance and cumulative production or gas recovery. This
plot can be used as tool to determine optimum distance between transverse fractures.
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Figure 5.15 Relationship of Cumulative Gas and Distance Between 2 Transverse Fractures
on a Horizontal Well
5.3.3 Optimizing spacing between two consecutive vertical well fractures (vertical
well completion)
Similarly as in section 5.3.1, distance between 2 wells with hydraulic fractures was
analyzed and the pressure profile after 30 years of production is shown in Figure 5.16.
Interaction between the wells at lower distance is so strong that both wells act like a
single well with a larger fracture.
7,140
7,160
7,180
7,200
7,220
7,240
7,260
7,280
7,300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Cu
mu
lati
ve G
as M
Msc
f
Fracs Distance
Cumulative Gas Production vs. Transverse Fracture Distance
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Figure 5.16 Schematic Illustration of Fracture Distance Effect between 2 Fractured Vertical
Wells
The cumulative production after 30 years of production for each distance analyzed in
summarized in Figure 5.17
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Figure 5.17 Cumulative Production at Various Distances between 2 Vertical Fractured
Wells
Cumulative gas production for each distance between fractures was then used to plot the
graph on Figure 5.18, which shows a linear relationship between transverse fractures
distance and cumulative production or gas recovery. This plot can be used as tool to
determine optimum distance between transverse fractures.
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Cu
mu
lati
ve G
as M
Msc
f
Time, Days
Cumulative Gas Production, Distance between 2 Fractured Wells
1440 ft 1280 ft 1120 ft960 ft 640 ft 480 ft320 ft 160 ft
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Figure 5.18 Relationship of cumulative gas production and distance between fracture planes
of 2 vertical wells
5.4 Development of a New, Optimized Field Development Concept for
Tight Gas Sandstone Reservoir
An application of the combination of results in the previous sections leads to the optimum
completion architecture. The number of equivalent vertical wells with 500 ft half length
hydraulic fractures was found by using equation 5.2 to be 6. In order to reduce flow
interference in the space between fracture planes and favor linear flow, the best practice
is to put the maximum number of wells in a linear pattern. The proposed architecture for
the 640 acre section is shown in figure 5.18 below. The 6 wells are split into 2 groups of
3 fractured collinear wells. These groups are placed apart enough to minimize early
interference. Economic analysis in the next section will help confirm it relevance of this
scheme.
y = 2.3179x + 8774.4R² = 0.9773
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Cu
mu
lati
ve G
as M
Msc
f
Fracs Distance, ft
Cumulative Gas Production vs. Distance between 2 Fractures
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Figure 5.19 Schematic Illustration of the Proposed Scheme
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Figure 5.20 Pressure Distribution of the Proposed Scheme at the End of the Project
Lifetime
After 30 years of production, the pressure distribution on Figure 5.19 shows most of the
flow in the reservoir is linear.
5.5 Economic Analysis
The data in Table 5.1 were used for economic analysis. These data were obtained from
literature mainly SPE 125526 and SPE 125975. Cost for each case was derived from
these basic data and multiply proportionally to obtained corresponding values.
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
55
Table 5.1 Economic Data
After plotting cumulative discounted cash flow against time for each vertical wells cases
as shown in Figure 5.21, it was determined that the base case has the highest investment
and the highest payout time contrasting with a very low Net Present Value (NPV)
Economics
Royality 12.5 %
Working Interest 100 %
Gas Price 5 $/Mscf
Rate of Return 15 %
Drilling Cost
Vertical Section 200 $/ft
Horizontal Section 350 $/ft
Completion and Stimulation
Completion 0.05 M$/Stage
Stimulation 1.2 $/ft2
Operation Cost
Well Cost 30 $/day/well
Gas Cost 0.29 $/Mscf
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
56
Figure 5.21 Cumulative Discounted Cash Flow for Vertical Wells
Examining economics for completion architecture, the graph on Figure 5.22 was plotted.
Although wells with transverse fractured have yielded better recovery, they are not the
most economical, they require high investment and give low NPV. On the other hand
vertical wells with collinear fractures require low investment and gives better NPV and
early payout.
-30,000
-20,000
-10,000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Cu
mu
lati
ve C
ash
Flo
w (
x$1,
000)
Years
Cumulative Discounted Cash Flow
Base Case 9 V Wells HF
8 V Wells HF 5 V Wells HF 500
4 V Wells HF 500 2 V Wells HF 500
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
57
Figure 5.22 Cumulative Discounted Cash Flow Comparing Completions
After taking into consideration the above observations, economic analysis was
performed on the proposed completion scheme and resulting discounted cash flow is
shown on Figure 5.23. With an initial investment of about $10 millions, the payout is
right around the middle of the first year of production and the NPV is $23.292 million
after 30 years of production at 15% of annual discount rate. The rate of return is
estimated 67.4%. Combining all these economic beacons, leads to a conclusion favoring
the proposed completion scheme as compare to other scenarios evaluated and
summarized in Table 5.2 below. (see Appendix A for detailed economic analysis)
-6,000
-4,000
-2,000
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Cu
mu
lati
ve C
ash
Flo
w (
x$1,
000)
Years
Cumulative Discounted Cash Flow
2 H wells 1680
2 H wells 3 HFT 500
2 VP Wells HF 500
2 VL Wells HF 500
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
58
Figure 5.23 Cumulative Cash Flow for the Proposed Case Showing Payout Time
Table 5.2 Economic Analysis
-12,000
-8,000
-4,000
0
4,000
8,000
12,000
16,000
20,000
24,000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Cu
mu
lati
ve C
ash
Flo
w (
x$1,
000)
Years
Cumulative Discounted Cash Flow Proposed Case
Cases
Number of
Wells Investment ECL Payout
Rate of
Return NPV
MM$ Mscf/d Years % MM$
Base Case 16 24.5 50 11.5 19.2 5.13
9 15.4 50 2 55 26.45
8 13.7 50 2 56.4 24.72
5 8.55 50 1.5 69 20.88
4 6.84 50 2 60 15.00
2 3.42 50 2 60.5 7.80
2 4.44 50 2 59.5 9.54
2 (3 THF) 5.52 50 2.7 46 8.57
Proposed Scheme 6 10.26 50 1.5 67.4 23.29
Vertical Completion
Horizontal Compltion
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
59
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Conclusions
• Production in tight gas reservoir does not only depend on the fracture surface
area, it also depends on the area of the fracture connection to the well. It is
important to maximize surface area and connection to the well as much as
possible in tight gas reservoir.
• The linearity of the flow in the reservoir is a component to be considered when
planning reservoir development.
• A linear relationship exists between recovery and the distance (d) between
fracture planes of 2 vertical wells with hydraulic fractures (for d < 1440 ft)
• A parabolic (bell shape) relationship exist between recovery and transverse
fractures separation distance on a horizontal well
• Spacing between the hydraulic fractures should be optimized to avoid early
interference, protect marginal natural fractures and favor linear flow in the
reservoir.
• A tool was developed to help estimating the number wells with hydraulic
fractures from cumulative production and from gas recovery factor.
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
60
6.2 Recommendations
• Distance of stationary transverse fracture from the heel of the horizontal well
could be investigated by using other values than 160 ft used for this study.
• Distance between fracture planes of 2 vertical wells could be investigated for
values larger than 1440 ft around the boundaries of the reservoir to see if the
linear relationship is affected by boundary effect
• Different numerical simulators could be used to perform these investigations
• The impact of the permeability jail on the simulation result should study and
considered for future applications.
• Natural fractures should be considered and included in the simulation modeling as
it plays an important role in tight gas reservoir performance.
• Heterogeneous reservoir should also be considered for the same study performed
in this report.
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
61
REFERENCES
Abacioglu, Y., Sebastian, H. M., and Oluwa, J. B. “Advancing Reservoir Simulation
Capabilities for Tight Gas Reservoirs” Paper SPE 122793, SPE Rocky Mountain
Petroleum Technology Conference, 14-16 April 2009, Denver, Colorado
Aghighi, M.A., Chen, Z. and Rahman, S.S. “A Holistic Approach to the Design and
Evaluation of Hydraulic-Fracture Treatments in Tight Gas Reservoirs” Paper 102880,
SPE Production & Operations, Volume 23, Number 3, August 2008, pp. 362-372
Aghighi, M.A., Rahman S.S. and Rahman, M.M. “Effect of Formation Stress Distribution
on Hydraulic Fracture Reorientation in Tight Gas Sands” Paper SPE 122723 presented
at SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, 4-6 August 2009, Jakarta,
Indonesia
Ahmed, T., and McKinney, P. D., “Advanced Reservoir Engineering” Gulf Professional
Publishing, Elsevier 2005, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford, UK
Ali, L., Bordoloi, S., and Wardinsky, S. H. “Modeling Permeability in Tight Gas Sands
Using Intelligent and Innovative Data Mining Techniques” Paper SPE 116583,
presented at SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 21-24 September
2008, Denver, Colorado, US
Brown, J.E., and Economides, M.J., “An Analysis of Horizontally Fractured Horizontal
Wells” Paper SPE 24322, SPE Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting, 18-21 May 1992,
Casper, Wyoming, US
Cheng, Y., Lee, W.J., and McVay, D.A. “Improving Reserves Estimates From Decline-
Curve Analysis of Tight and Multilayer Gas Wells” Paper SPE 108176, SPE
Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering, Volume 11, Number 5, October 2008, pp. 912-
920
Cox, S.A. Sutton, R.P., Stoltz, R.P. and Knobloch, T. “Determination of Effective
Drainage Area for Tight Gas Wells” Paper SPE 98035 presented at SPE Eastern
Regional Meeting, 14-16 September 2005, Morgantown, West Virginia
Ehrl, E. and Schueler, S.K. ”Simulation of a Tight Gas Reservoir with Horizontal
Multifractured Wells” SPE 65108 presented at SPE European Petroleum Conference,
24-25 October 2000, Paris, France
Hagoort, J. and Hoogstra, R. “Numerical Solution of the Material Balance Equations of
Compartmented Gas Reservoirs” paper SPE 57655, SPE Reservoir Evaluation &
Engineering, Volume 2 Number 4, August 1999
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62
Holditch, Stephen A. “Tight Gas Sands” Paper SPE 103356, Journal of Petroleum
Technology, Volume 58, Number 6, June 2006, pp. 86-93
Holditch, Stephen A., Jennings, James W., Neuse, Stephen H., and Wyman, Richard E.,
“The Optimization of Well Spacing and Fracture Length in low Permeability Gas
Reservoirs” Paper SPE 7496 presented at SPE Annual Fall Technical Conference and
Exhibition, 1-3 October 1978, Houston, Texas
Honarpour, M.M., Nagarajan, N.R. and Sampath, K. “Rock/Fluid Characterization and
Their Integration - Implications on Reservoir Management” Paper SPE 103358,
Journal of Petroleum Technology, Volume 58, Number 9, September 2006, pp. 120-
130
Iwere, F.O., Moreno, J.E. and Apaydin, O.G. “Numerical Simulation of Thick, Tight
Fluvial Sands” Paper SPE 90630 SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering,
Volume 9, Number 4, August 2006, pp. 374-381
Larkin, S.D., et al., “Stimulation Design and Post Fracture Production Analysis: A Tight
Gas Sand Case History” Paper SPE 74361, presented at SPE International Petroleum
Conference and Exhibition in Mexico, 10-12 February 2002, Villahermosa, Mexico
Payne, David A “Material-Balance Calculations in Tight-Gas Reservoirs: The Pitfalls of
p/z Plots and a More Accurate Technique” Paper SPE 36702, SPE Reservoir
Engineering, Volume 11 Number 4, November 1996
Rushing, J.A., Newsham, K.E., and Blasingame, T.A. “Rock Typing - Keys to
Understanding Productivity in Tight Gas Sands” Paper SPE 114164 presented at SPE
Unconventional Reservoirs Conference, 10-12 February 2008, Keystone, Colorado,
USA
Rushing, J.A., Perego, A.D., Sullivan, R.B. and Blasingame, T.A. “Estimating Reserves
in Tight Gas Sands at HP/HT Reservoir Conditions: Use and Misuse of an Arps
Decline Curve Methodology” Paper SPE 109625, presented at SPE Annual Technical
Conference and Exhibition, 11-14 November 2007, Anaheim, California, U.S.A
Shanley, K. W., Cluff, R. M. and Robinson, J. W. “Factors controlling prolific gas
production from low-permeability sandstone reservoirs: Implications for resource
assessment, prospect development, and risk analysis” AAPG Bulletin, Volume 88,
Number 8, August 2004, pp. 1083–1121
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63
Ward, J. S., and Morrow, N. R., “Capillary Pressures and Gas Relative Permeabilities of
Low-Permeability Sandstone”, Paper SPE 13882 SPE Formation Evaluation
Volume 2, Number 3, September 1987
Wells, J.D., Amaefule, J.O., “Capillary Pressure and Permeability Relationships in Tight
Gas Sands” Paper SPE 13879 presented at SPE/DOE Low Permeability Gas
Reservoirs Symposium, 19-22 March 1985, Denver, Colorado
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
64
APPENDIX A
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet was used for Economic Analysis (illustration in the tables
below). Cumulative gas production for each of the 30 years of the life time of the project
and for cases studied is obtained from Exodus™, these values are used as input data in
the spread sheet preliminarily filled with economic data included in Table 5.1.
Investments for all cases are assumed to be done during year 0, prior to the first year of
production. For each case, investment is calculated using specific information about the
number wells and the type of completion to be executed.
This analysis is done before Federal Income Tax however state such as Ad Valorem
(7.5%) and Severance (2.5%) taxes are included in the analysis and the interest discount
rate is set 15%.
Operating cost is split into 2: a fixed cost of $30.00/well/day and variable cost that is
function of production and is set at $0.29/Mscf.
The discounted cash flow for each year is obtained by multiplying the undiscounted or
future values (F) for each year by the corresponding present value factor (PV factor)
calculated as follow
(A.1)
The net present value (NPV) for each year is obtained as follow
(A.2)
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
65
Table A. 1 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet for Base Case
DISCOUNT RATE 15.00% GAS PRICE 5.00 $/Mscf
Working Interest 100.00% % OPERATING EXPENSES
Royality Burden 12.50% % Gas 0.29 $/Mscf
Water 10.00 $/B
INVESTMENT Fixed 98,550.00 $/YEAR
Drilling 26.68 MM$
Completion 0.16 MM$ TAXES
Stimulation MM$ Ad Valorem Taxes 0.075
Severance Taxes 0.025
Total Investment 26.8 MM$ YEAR 2009 Federal Income Tax 0
Undiscounted Discounted
YEAR TIME NET PV NET Undiscounted Discounted
CASHFLOW FACTOR CASHFLOW NET NET
MM$ GAS WATER GAS GAS GAS CASHFLOW CASHFLOW
Mscf Bbls x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000
2009 0 26,840 0 0 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 -26,840 1.0000 -26,840 -26,840 -26,840
2010 1 1,807,354 0 7,907 623 593.038 197.679 6,494 0 6,494 6,494 0.8696 5,647 -20,346 -21,193
2011 2 1,591,651 0 6,963 560 522.260 174.087 5,707 0 5,707 5,707 0.7561 4,315 -14,639 -16,878
2012 3 1,495,173 0 6,541 532 490.604 163.535 5,355 0 5,355 5,355 0.6575 3,521 -9,284 -13,357
2013 4 1,400,138 0 6,126 505 459.420 153.140 5,008 0 5,008 5,008 0.5718 2,864 -4,276 -10,493
2014 5 1,338,635 0 5,857 487 439.240 146.413 4,784 0 4,784 4,784 0.4972 2,379 508 -8,115
2015 6 1,272,420 0 5,567 468 417.513 139.171 4,543 0 4,543 4,543 0.4323 1,964 5,051 -6,151
2016 7 1,210,419 0 5,296 450 397.169 132.390 4,316 0 4,316 4,316 0.3759 1,623 9,367 -4,528
2017 8 1,148,050 0 5,023 431 376.704 125.568 4,089 0 4,089 4,089 0.3269 1,337 13,456 -3,191
2018 9 1,094,570 0 4,789 416 359.156 119.719 3,894 0 3,894 3,894 0.2843 1,107 17,350 -2,085
2019 10 1,044,540 0 4,570 401 342.740 114.247 3,711 0 3,711 3,711 0.2472 917 21,062 -1,167
2020 11 1,000,920 0 4,379 389 328.427 109.476 3,552 0 3,552 3,552 0.2149 764 24,614 -404
2021 12 955,770 0 4,181 376 313.612 104.537 3,388 0 3,388 3,388 0.1869 633 28,002 230
2022 13 913,900 0 3,998 364 299.873 99.958 3,235 0 3,235 3,235 0.1625 526 31,237 755
2023 14 874,200 0 3,825 352 286.847 95.616 3,090 0 3,090 3,090 0.1413 437 34,327 1,192
2024 15 839,940 0 3,675 342 275.605 91.868 2,965 0 2,965 2,965 0.1229 364 37,292 1,556
2025 16 803,690 0 3,516 332 263.711 87.904 2,833 0 2,833 2,833 0.1069 303 40,125 1,859
2026 17 772,760 0 3,381 323 253.562 84.521 2,720 0 2,720 2,720 0.0929 253 42,845 2,112
2027 18 743,250 0 3,252 314 243.879 81.293 2,612 0 2,612 2,612 0.0808 211 45,457 2,323
2028 19 717,230 0 3,138 307 235.341 78.447 2,518 0 2,518 2,518 0.0703 177 47,975 2,500
2029 20 688,610 0 3,013 298 225.950 75.317 2,413 0 2,413 2,413 0.0611 147 50,388 2,647
2030 21 663,490 0 2,903 291 217.708 72.569 2,322 0 2,322 2,322 0.0531 123 52,709 2,771
2031 22 639,560 0 2,798 284 209.856 69.952 2,234 0 2,234 2,234 0.0462 103 54,944 2,874
2032 23 618,150 0 2,704 278 202.830 67.610 2,156 0 2,156 2,156 0.0402 87 57,100 2,961
2033 24 594,530 0 2,601 271 195.080 65.027 2,070 0 2,070 2,070 0.0349 72 59,170 3,033
2034 25 573,590 0 2,509 265 188.209 62.736 1,994 0 1,994 1,994 0.0304 61 61,164 3,093
2035 26 553,440 0 2,421 259 181.598 60.532 1,920 0 1,920 1,920 0.0264 51 63,084 3,144
2036 27 535,700 0 2,344 254 175.777 58.592 1,855 0 1,855 1,855 0.0230 43 64,939 3,187
2037 28 516,010 0 2,258 248 169.316 56.439 1,784 0 1,784 1,784 0.0200 36 66,723 3,222
2038 29 499,190 0 2,184 243 163.797 54.599 1,722 0 1,722 1,722 0.0174 30 68,445 3,252
2039 30 480,020 0 2,100 238 157.507 52.502 1,652 0 1,652 1,652 0.0151 25 70,097 3,277
BASE CASE
OCIBFIT FIT OCIAFIT
CUMULATIVE
INVESTMENTGROSS PRODUCTION
VOLUMESREVENUEEXPENSES
AD
VALOREMSEVERANCE
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
66
Table A. 2 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 9 Vertical Wells with Hydraulic Fractures
DISCOUNT RATE 15.00% GAS PRICE 5.00 $/Mscf
Working Interest 100.00% % OPERATING EXPENSES
Royality Burden 12.50% % Gas 0.29 $/Mscf
Water 10.00 $/B
INVESTMENT Fixed 175,200.00 $/YEAR
Drilling 13.32 MM$
Completion 0.45 MM$ TAXES
Stimulation 1.62 MM$ Ad Valorem Taxes 0.075
Severance Taxes 0.025
Total Investment 15.4 MM$ YEAR 2009 Federal Income Tax 0
Undiscounted Discounted
YEAR TIME NET PV NET Undiscounted Discounted
CASHFLOW FACTOR CASHFLOW NET NET
MM$ GAS WATER GAS GAS GAS CASHFLOW CASHFLOW
Mscf Bbls x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000
2009 0 15,390 0 0 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 -15,390 1.0000 -15,390 -15,390 -15,390
2010 1 2,884,628 0 12,620 1,012 946.519 315.506 10,346 0 10,346 10,346 0.8696 8,997 -5,044 -6,393
2011 2 2,382,608 0 10,424 866 781.793 260.598 8,515 0 8,515 8,515 0.7561 6,439 3,472 46
2012 3 2,143,444 0 9,378 797 703.318 234.439 7,643 0 7,643 7,643 0.6575 5,025 11,115 5,071
2013 4 1,947,517 0 8,520 740 639.029 213.010 6,928 0 6,928 6,928 0.5718 3,961 18,043 9,032
2014 5 1,815,713 0 7,944 702 595.781 198.594 6,448 0 6,448 6,448 0.4972 3,206 24,491 12,238
2015 6 1,679,290 0 7,347 662 551.017 183.672 5,950 0 5,950 5,950 0.4323 2,572 30,441 14,810
2016 7 1,565,160 0 6,848 629 513.568 171.189 5,534 0 5,534 5,534 0.3759 2,080 35,975 16,891
2017 8 1,457,500 0 6,377 598 478.242 159.414 5,141 0 5,141 5,141 0.3269 1,681 41,116 18,571
2018 9 1,363,890 0 5,967 571 447.526 149.175 4,800 0 4,800 4,800 0.2843 1,364 45,915 19,936
2019 10 1,274,710 0 5,577 545 418.264 139.421 4,474 0 4,474 4,474 0.2472 1,106 50,389 21,042
2020 11 1,198,300 0 5,243 523 393.192 131.064 4,196 0 4,196 4,196 0.2149 902 54,585 21,944
2021 12 1,124,080 0 4,918 501 368.839 122.946 3,925 0 3,925 3,925 0.1869 734 58,510 22,677
2022 13 1,060,620 0 4,640 483 348.016 116.005 3,693 0 3,693 3,693 0.1625 600 62,203 23,277
2023 14 1,002,500 0 4,386 466 328.945 109.648 3,481 0 3,481 3,481 0.1413 492 65,685 23,769
2024 15 950,280 0 4,157 451 311.811 103.937 3,291 0 3,291 3,291 0.1229 404 68,976 24,174
2025 16 894,550 0 3,914 435 293.524 97.841 3,088 0 3,088 3,088 0.1069 330 72,063 24,504
2026 17 846,490 0 3,703 421 277.755 92.585 2,912 0 2,912 2,912 0.0929 271 74,976 24,774
2027 18 802,760 0 3,512 408 263.406 87.802 2,753 0 2,753 2,753 0.0808 222 77,729 24,997
2028 19 764,980 0 3,347 397 251.009 83.670 2,615 0 2,615 2,615 0.0703 184 80,344 25,181
2029 20 725,900 0 3,176 386 238.186 79.395 2,473 0 2,473 2,473 0.0611 151 82,816 25,332
2030 21 691,700 0 3,026 376 226.964 75.655 2,348 0 2,348 2,348 0.0531 125 85,164 25,456
2031 22 660,040 0 2,888 367 216.576 72.192 2,232 0 2,232 2,232 0.0462 103 87,396 25,560
2032 23 632,200 0 2,766 359 207.441 69.147 2,131 0 2,131 2,131 0.0402 86 89,527 25,645
2033 24 602,600 0 2,636 350 197.728 65.909 2,023 0 2,023 2,023 0.0349 71 91,550 25,716
2034 25 575,310 0 2,517 342 188.774 62.925 1,923 0 1,923 1,923 0.0304 58 93,473 25,774
2035 26 548,730 0 2,401 334 180.052 60.017 1,826 0 1,826 1,826 0.0264 48 95,299 25,823
2036 27 525,440 0 2,299 328 172.410 57.470 1,741 0 1,741 1,741 0.0230 40 97,041 25,863
2037 28 501,160 0 2,193 321 164.443 54.814 1,653 0 1,653 1,653 0.0200 33 98,694 25,896
2038 29 480,150 0 2,101 314 157.549 52.516 1,576 0 1,576 1,576 0.0174 27 100,270 25,923
2039 30 456,990 0 1,999 308 149.950 49.983 1,492 0 1,492 1,492 0.0151 23 101,761 25,945
9 VERTICAL WELLS WITH HYDRAULIC FRACTURES
OCIBFIT FIT OCIAFIT
CUMULATIVE
INVESTMENTGROSS PRODUCTION
VOLUMESREVENUEEXPENSES
AD
VALOREMSEVERANCE
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
67
Table A. 3 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 8 Wells with Hydraulic Fractures
DISCOUNT RATE 15.00% GAS PRICE 5.00 $/Mscf
Working Interest 100.00% % OPERATING EXPENSES
Royality Burden 12.50% % Gas 0.29 $/Mscf
Water 10.00 $/B
INVESTMENT Fixed 87,600.00 $/YEAR
Drilling 11.84 MM$
Completion 0.4 MM$ TAXES
Stimulation 1.44 MM$ Ad Valorem Taxes 0.075
Severance Taxes 0.025
Total Investment 13.7 MM$ YEAR 2009 Federal Income Tax 0
Undiscounted Discounted
YEAR TIME NET PV NET Undiscounted Discounted
CASHFLOW FACTOR CASHFLOW NET NET
MM$ GAS WATER GAS GAS GAS CASHFLOW CASHFLOW
Mscf Bbls x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000
2009 0 13,680 0 0 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 -13,680 1.0000 -13,680 -13,680 -13,680
2010 1 2,652,656 0 11,605 857 870.403 290.134 9,588 0 9,588 9,588 0.8696 8,337 -4,092 -5,343
2011 2 2,165,616 0 9,475 716 710.593 236.864 7,811 0 7,811 7,811 0.7561 5,907 3,719 564
2012 3 1,938,611 0 8,481 650 636.107 212.036 6,983 0 6,983 6,983 0.6575 4,592 10,703 5,156
2013 4 1,762,775 0 7,712 599 578.411 192.804 6,342 0 6,342 6,342 0.5718 3,626 17,045 8,782
2014 5 1,643,742 0 7,191 564 539.353 179.784 5,908 0 5,908 5,908 0.4972 2,937 22,953 11,719
2015 6 1,527,730 0 6,684 531 501.286 167.095 5,485 0 5,485 5,485 0.4323 2,371 28,438 14,090
2016 7 1,431,540 0 6,263 503 469.724 156.575 5,134 0 5,134 5,134 0.3759 1,930 33,572 16,020
2017 8 1,338,590 0 5,856 476 439.225 146.408 4,795 0 4,795 4,795 0.3269 1,567 38,367 17,588
2018 9 1,258,770 0 5,507 453 413.034 137.678 4,504 0 4,504 4,504 0.2843 1,280 42,870 18,868
2019 10 1,183,910 0 5,180 431 388.470 129.490 4,231 0 4,231 4,231 0.2472 1,046 47,101 19,914
2020 11 1,119,390 0 4,897 412 367.300 122.433 3,995 0 3,995 3,995 0.2149 859 51,096 20,773
2021 12 1,055,820 0 4,619 394 346.441 115.480 3,764 0 3,764 3,764 0.1869 703 54,860 21,476
2022 13 1,000,540 0 4,377 378 328.302 109.434 3,562 0 3,562 3,562 0.1625 579 58,422 22,055
2023 14 949,640 0 4,155 363 311.601 103.867 3,376 0 3,376 3,376 0.1413 477 61,798 22,532
2024 15 905,300 0 3,961 350 297.052 99.017 3,214 0 3,214 3,214 0.1229 395 65,013 22,927
2025 16 858,080 0 3,754 336 281.557 93.852 3,042 0 3,042 3,042 0.1069 325 68,055 23,252
2026 17 815,640 0 3,568 324 267.632 89.211 2,887 0 2,887 2,887 0.0929 268 70,942 23,521
2027 18 777,050 0 3,400 313 254.970 84.990 2,747 0 2,747 2,747 0.0808 222 73,689 23,743
2028 19 743,490 0 3,253 303 243.958 81.319 2,624 0 2,624 2,624 0.0703 184 76,313 23,927
2029 20 708,190 0 3,098 293 232.375 77.458 2,496 0 2,496 2,496 0.0611 152 78,809 24,079
2030 21 677,230 0 2,963 284 222.216 74.072 2,383 0 2,383 2,383 0.0531 127 81,191 24,206
2031 22 648,750 0 2,838 276 212.871 70.957 2,279 0 2,279 2,279 0.0462 105 83,470 24,311
2032 23 623,620 0 2,728 268 204.625 68.208 2,187 0 2,187 2,187 0.0402 88 85,657 24,399
2033 24 596,270 0 2,609 261 195.651 65.217 2,087 0 2,087 2,087 0.0349 73 87,744 24,472
2034 25 572,530 0 2,505 254 187.861 62.620 2,001 0 2,001 2,001 0.0304 61 89,745 24,533
2035 26 550,230 0 2,407 247 180.544 60.181 1,919 0 1,919 1,919 0.0264 51 91,664 24,584
2036 27 529,960 0 2,319 241 173.893 57.964 1,845 0 1,845 1,845 0.0230 42 93,510 24,626
2037 28 506,980 0 2,218 235 166.353 55.451 1,762 0 1,762 1,762 0.0200 35 95,272 24,661
2038 29 486,720 0 2,129 229 159.705 53.235 1,688 0 1,688 1,688 0.0174 29 96,959 24,690
2039 30 464,160 0 2,031 222 152.303 50.768 1,605 0 1,605 1,605 0.0151 24 98,565 24,715
8 VERTICAL WELLS WITH HYDRAULIC FRACTURES
CUMULATIVEGROSS PRODUCTION
VOLUMESINVESTMENT REVENUEEXPENSES
AD
VALOREMSEVERANCE OCIBFIT FIT OCIAFIT
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
68
Table A. 4 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 6 Wells with Hydraulic Fractures
DISCOUNT RATE 15.00% GAS PRICE 5.00 $/Mscf
Working Interest 100.00% % OPERATING EXPENSES
Royality Burden 12.50% % Gas 0.29 $/Mscf
Water 10.00 $/B
INVESTMENT Fixed 65,700.00 $/YEAR
Drilling 8.88 MM$
Completion 0.3 MM$ TAXES
Stimulation 1.08 MM$ Ad Valorem Taxes 0.075
Severance Taxes 0.025
Total Investment 10.26 MM$ YEAR 2009 Federal Income Tax 0
Undiscounted Discounted
YEAR TIME NET PV NET Undiscounted Discounted
CASHFLOW FACTOR CASHFLOW NET NET
MM$ GAS WATER GAS GAS GAS CASHFLOW CASHFLOW
Mscf Bbls x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000
2009 0 10,260 0 0 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 -10,260 1.0000 -10,260 -10,260 -10,260
2010 1 2,335,751 0 10,219 743 766.418 255.473 8,454 0 8,454 8,454 0.8696 7,351 -1,806 -2,909
2011 2 1,846,499 0 8,078 601 605.882 201.961 6,669 0 6,669 6,669 0.7561 5,043 4,863 2,134
2012 3 1,645,014 0 7,197 543 539.770 179.923 5,934 0 5,934 5,934 0.6575 3,902 10,798 6,036
2013 4 1,494,246 0 6,537 499 490.299 163.433 5,385 0 5,385 5,385 0.5718 3,079 16,182 9,115
2014 5 1,401,842 0 6,133 472 459.979 153.326 5,048 0 5,048 5,048 0.4972 2,510 21,230 11,624
2015 6 1,316,378 0 5,759 447 431.937 143.979 4,736 0 4,736 4,736 0.4323 2,047 25,966 13,672
2016 7 1,245,940 0 5,451 427 408.824 136.275 4,479 0 4,479 4,479 0.3759 1,684 30,445 15,356
2017 8 1,173,010 0 5,132 406 384.894 128.298 4,213 0 4,213 4,213 0.3269 1,377 34,657 16,733
2018 9 1,111,160 0 4,861 388 364.599 121.533 3,987 0 3,987 3,987 0.2843 1,133 38,645 17,866
2019 10 1,056,210 0 4,621 372 346.569 115.523 3,787 0 3,787 3,787 0.2472 936 42,432 18,802
2020 11 1,008,440 0 4,412 358 330.894 110.298 3,613 0 3,613 3,613 0.2149 777 46,044 19,579
2021 12 959,730 0 4,199 344 314.911 104.970 3,435 0 3,435 3,435 0.1869 642 49,479 20,221
2022 13 917,380 0 4,014 332 301.015 100.338 3,280 0 3,280 3,280 0.1625 533 52,759 20,754
2023 14 877,460 0 3,839 320 287.917 95.972 3,135 0 3,135 3,135 0.1413 443 55,894 21,197
2024 15 840,880 0 3,679 310 275.914 91.971 3,001 0 3,001 3,001 0.1229 369 58,896 21,566
2025 16 801,660 0 3,507 298 263.045 87.682 2,858 0 2,858 2,858 0.1069 305 61,754 21,871
2026 17 767,620 0 3,358 288 251.875 83.958 2,734 0 2,734 2,734 0.0929 254 64,488 22,125
2027 18 736,200 0 3,221 279 241.566 80.522 2,620 0 2,620 2,620 0.0808 212 67,108 22,337
2028 19 708,720 0 3,101 271 232.549 77.516 2,519 0 2,519 2,519 0.0703 177 69,627 22,514
2029 20 679,410 0 2,972 263 222.931 74.310 2,412 0 2,412 2,412 0.0611 147 72,040 22,662
2030 21 654,040 0 2,861 255 214.607 71.536 2,320 0 2,320 2,320 0.0531 123 74,360 22,785
2031 22 630,010 0 2,756 248 206.722 68.907 2,232 0 2,232 2,232 0.0462 103 76,592 22,888
2032 23 608,740 0 2,663 242 199.743 66.581 2,155 0 2,155 2,155 0.0402 87 78,747 22,974
2033 24 585,510 0 2,562 235 192.120 64.040 2,070 0 2,070 2,070 0.0349 72 80,816 23,047
2034 25 565,250 0 2,473 230 185.473 61.824 1,996 0 1,996 1,996 0.0304 61 82,812 23,107
2035 26 545,930 0 2,388 224 179.133 59.711 1,926 0 1,926 1,926 0.0264 51 84,738 23,158
2036 27 528,400 0 2,312 219 173.381 57.794 1,862 0 1,862 1,862 0.0230 43 86,600 23,201
2037 28 508,130 0 2,223 213 166.730 55.577 1,788 0 1,788 1,788 0.0200 36 88,387 23,237
2038 29 490,280 0 2,145 208 160.873 53.624 1,723 0 1,723 1,723 0.0174 30 90,110 23,267
2039 30 469,680 0 2,055 202 154.114 51.371 1,647 0 1,647 1,647 0.0151 25 91,757 23,292
6 VERTICAL WELLS WITH HYDRAULIC FRACTURES
OCIBFIT FIT OCIAFIT
CUMULATIVE
INVESTMENTGROSS PRODUCTION
VOLUMESREVENUEEXPENSES
AD
VALOREMSEVERANCE
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
69
Table A. 5 Economic Ayalysis Spreadsheet 5 Wells with Hydraulic Fractures
DISCOUNT RATE 15.00% GAS PRICE 5.00 $/Mscf
Working Interest 100.00% % OPERATING EXPENSES
Royality Burden 12.50% % Gas 0.29 $/Mscf
Water 10.00 $/B
INVESTMENT Fixed 54,750.00 $/YEAR
Drilling 7.4 MM$
Completion 0.25 MM$ TAXES
Stimulation 0.9 MM$ Ad Valorem Taxes 0.075
Severance Taxes 0.025
Total Investment 8.55 MM$ YEAR 2009 Federal Income Tax 0
Undiscounted Discounted
YEAR TIME NET PV NET Undiscounted Discounted
CASHFLOW FACTOR CASHFLOW NET NET
MM$ GAS WATER GAS GAS GAS CASHFLOW CASHFLOW
Mscf Bbls x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000
2009 0 8,550 0 0 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 -8,550 1.0000 -8,550 -8,550 -8,550
2010 1 1,999,412 0 8,747 635 656.057 218.686 7,238 0 7,238 7,238 0.8696 6,294 -1,312 -2,256
2011 2 1,581,099 0 6,917 513 518.798 172.933 5,712 0 5,712 5,712 0.7561 4,319 4,400 2,063
2012 3 1,421,300 0 6,218 467 466.364 155.455 5,129 0 5,129 5,129 0.6575 3,373 9,530 5,436
2013 4 1,302,062 0 5,697 432 427.239 142.413 4,695 0 4,695 4,695 0.5718 2,684 14,224 8,120
2014 5 1,230,293 0 5,383 412 403.690 134.563 4,433 0 4,433 4,433 0.4972 2,204 18,657 10,324
2015 6 1,161,884 0 5,083 392 381.243 127.081 4,183 0 4,183 4,183 0.4323 1,809 22,840 12,133
2016 7 1,105,733 0 4,838 375 362.819 120.940 3,978 0 3,978 3,978 0.3759 1,496 26,819 13,628
2017 8 1,047,277 0 4,582 358 343.638 114.546 3,765 0 3,765 3,765 0.3269 1,231 30,584 14,859
2018 9 996,820 0 4,361 344 327.082 109.027 3,581 0 3,581 3,581 0.2843 1,018 34,165 15,877
2019 10 951,580 0 4,163 331 312.237 104.079 3,416 0 3,416 3,416 0.2472 844 37,581 16,721
2020 11 912,880 0 3,994 319 299.539 99.846 3,275 0 3,275 3,275 0.2149 704 40,856 17,425
2021 12 872,520 0 3,817 308 286.296 95.432 3,128 0 3,128 3,128 0.1869 585 43,984 18,010
2022 13 837,700 0 3,665 298 274.870 91.623 3,001 0 3,001 3,001 0.1625 488 46,985 18,498
2023 14 805,450 0 3,524 288 264.288 88.096 2,883 0 2,883 2,883 0.1413 407 49,868 18,905
2024 15 777,010 0 3,399 280 254.956 84.985 2,779 0 2,779 2,779 0.1229 342 52,647 19,247
2025 16 744,910 0 3,259 271 244.424 81.475 2,662 0 2,662 2,662 0.1069 285 55,310 19,531
2026 17 716,680 0 3,135 263 235.161 78.387 2,559 0 2,559 2,559 0.0929 238 57,869 19,769
2027 18 690,180 0 3,020 255 226.465 75.488 2,463 0 2,463 2,463 0.0808 199 60,332 19,968
2028 19 667,000 0 2,918 248 218.859 72.953 2,378 0 2,378 2,378 0.0703 167 62,710 20,135
2029 20 641,840 0 2,808 241 210.604 70.201 2,286 0 2,286 2,286 0.0611 140 64,996 20,275
2030 21 620,040 0 2,713 235 203.451 67.817 2,207 0 2,207 2,207 0.0531 117 67,203 20,392
2031 22 599,500 0 2,623 229 196.711 65.570 2,132 0 2,132 2,132 0.0462 98 69,335 20,491
2032 23 581,560 0 2,544 223 190.824 63.608 2,066 0 2,066 2,066 0.0402 83 71,401 20,574
2033 24 561,390 0 2,456 218 184.206 61.402 1,993 0 1,993 1,993 0.0349 70 73,394 20,643
2034 25 543,770 0 2,379 212 178.425 59.475 1,929 0 1,929 1,929 0.0304 59 75,323 20,702
2035 26 527,060 0 2,306 208 172.942 57.647 1,868 0 1,868 1,868 0.0264 49 77,191 20,751
2036 27 512,580 0 2,243 203 168.190 56.063 1,815 0 1,815 1,815 0.0230 42 79,006 20,793
2037 28 496,100 0 2,170 199 162.783 54.261 1,755 0 1,755 1,755 0.0200 35 80,760 20,828
2038 29 481,610 0 2,107 194 158.028 52.676 1,702 0 1,702 1,702 0.0174 30 82,462 20,857
2039 30 463,490 0 2,028 189 152.083 50.694 1,636 0 1,636 1,636 0.0151 25 84,098 20,882
5 VERTICAL WELLS WITH HYDRAULIC FRACTURES
OCIBFIT FIT OCIAFIT
CUMULATIVE
INVESTMENTGROSS PRODUCTION
VOLUMESREVENUEEXPENSES
AD
VALOREMSEVERANCE
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
70
Table A. 6 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 4 Wells with Hydraulic Fractures
DISCOUNT RATE 15.00% GAS PRICE 5.00 $/Mscf
Working Interest 100.00% % OPERATING EXPENSES
Royality Burden 12.50% % Gas 0.29 $/Mscf
Water 10.00 $/B
INVESTMENT Fixed 43,800.00 $/YEAR
Drilling 5.92 MM$
Completion 0.2 MM$ TAXES
Stimulation 0.72 MM$ Ad Valorem Taxes 0.075
Severance Taxes 0.025
Total Investment 6.84 MM$ YEAR 2009 Federal Income Tax 0
Undiscounted Discounted
YEAR TIME NET PV NET Undiscounted Discounted
CASHFLOW FACTOR CASHFLOW NET NET
MM$ GAS WATER GAS GAS GAS CASHFLOW CASHFLOW
Mscf Bbls x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000
2009 0 6,840 0 0 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 -6,840 1.0000 -6,840 -6,840 -6,840
2010 1 1,351,916 0 5,915 436 443.597 147.866 4,887 0 4,887 4,887 0.8696 4,250 -1,953 -2,590
2011 2 1,115,574 0 4,881 367 366.048 122.016 4,025 0 4,025 4,025 0.7561 3,044 2,073 454
2012 3 1,021,286 0 4,468 340 335.109 111.703 3,681 0 3,681 3,681 0.6575 2,421 5,754 2,874
2013 4 955,042 0 4,178 321 313.373 104.458 3,440 0 3,440 3,440 0.5718 1,967 9,194 4,841
2014 5 919,215 0 4,022 310 301.617 100.539 3,309 0 3,309 3,309 0.4972 1,645 12,503 6,486
2015 6 882,978 0 3,863 300 289.727 96.576 3,177 0 3,177 3,177 0.4323 1,373 15,680 7,859
2016 7 851,697 0 3,726 291 279.463 93.154 3,063 0 3,063 3,063 0.3759 1,151 18,742 9,011
2017 8 818,831 0 3,582 281 268.679 89.560 2,943 0 2,943 2,943 0.3269 962 21,685 9,973
2018 9 791,037 0 3,461 273 259.559 86.520 2,842 0 2,842 2,842 0.2843 808 24,527 10,781
2019 10 765,209 0 3,348 266 251.084 83.695 2,747 0 2,747 2,747 0.2472 679 27,274 11,460
2020 11 743,275 0 3,252 259 243.887 81.296 2,667 0 2,667 2,667 0.2149 573 29,941 12,033
2021 12 718,560 0 3,144 252 235.778 78.593 2,577 0 2,577 2,577 0.1869 482 32,518 12,515
2022 13 697,130 0 3,050 246 228.746 76.249 2,499 0 2,499 2,499 0.1625 406 35,017 12,921
2023 14 677,150 0 2,963 240 222.190 74.063 2,426 0 2,426 2,426 0.1413 343 37,444 13,264
2024 15 659,200 0 2,884 235 216.300 72.100 2,361 0 2,361 2,361 0.1229 290 39,804 13,554
2025 16 637,340 0 2,788 229 209.127 69.709 2,281 0 2,281 2,281 0.1069 244 42,085 13,797
2026 17 618,500 0 2,706 223 202.945 67.648 2,212 0 2,212 2,212 0.0929 206 44,297 14,003
2027 18 600,950 0 2,629 218 197.187 65.729 2,148 0 2,148 2,148 0.0808 174 46,445 14,177
2028 19 585,940 0 2,563 214 192.262 64.087 2,093 0 2,093 2,093 0.0703 147 48,539 14,324
2029 20 568,490 0 2,487 209 186.536 62.179 2,030 0 2,030 2,030 0.0611 124 50,569 14,448
2030 21 553,260 0 2,421 204 181.538 60.513 1,974 0 1,974 1,974 0.0531 105 52,543 14,553
2031 22 538,650 0 2,357 200 176.745 58.915 1,921 0 1,921 1,921 0.0462 89 54,464 14,641
2032 23 526,320 0 2,303 196 172.699 57.566 1,876 0 1,876 1,876 0.0402 75 56,340 14,717
2033 24 511,760 0 2,239 192 167.921 55.974 1,823 0 1,823 1,823 0.0349 64 58,163 14,780
2034 25 499,080 0 2,183 189 163.761 54.587 1,777 0 1,777 1,777 0.0304 54 59,939 14,834
2035 26 486,980 0 2,131 185 159.790 53.263 1,732 0 1,732 1,732 0.0264 46 61,672 14,880
2036 27 476,530 0 2,085 182 156.361 52.120 1,694 0 1,694 1,694 0.0230 39 63,366 14,919
2037 28 463,760 0 2,029 178 152.171 50.724 1,648 0 1,648 1,648 0.0200 33 65,014 14,952
2038 29 452,060 0 1,978 175 148.332 49.444 1,605 0 1,605 1,605 0.0174 28 66,619 14,980
2039 30 437,290 0 1,913 171 143.486 47.829 1,551 0 1,551 1,551 0.0151 23 68,170 15,003
4 VERTICAL WELLS WITH HYDRAULIC FRACTURES
OCIBFIT FIT OCIAFIT
CUMULATIVE
INVESTMENTGROSS PRODUCTION
VOLUMESREVENUEEXPENSES
AD
VALOREMSEVERANCE
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
71
Table A. 7 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 2 Vertical Wells with Parallel Hydraulic Fractures Planes
DISCOUNT RATE 15.00% GAS PRICE 5.00 $/Mscf
Working Interest 100.00% % OPERATING EXPENSES
Royality Burden 12.50% % Gas 0.29 $/Mscf
Water 10.00 $/B
INVESTMENT Fixed 21,900.00 $/YEAR
Drilling 2.96 MM$
Completion 0.1 MM$ TAXES
Stimulation 0.36 MM$ Ad Valorem Taxes 0.075
Severance Taxes 0.025
Total Investment 3.42 MM$ YEAR 2009 Federal Income Tax 0
Undiscounted Discounted
YEAR TIME NET PV NET Undiscounted Discounted
CASHFLOW FACTOR CASHFLOW NET NET
MM$ GAS WATER GAS GAS GAS CASHFLOW CASHFLOW
Mscf Bbls x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000
2009 0 3,420 0 0 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 -3,420 1.0000 -3,420 -3,420 -3,420
2010 1 675,960 0 2,957 218 221.799 73.933 2,444 0 2,444 2,444 0.8696 2,125 -976 -1,295
2011 2 557,910 0 2,441 184 183.064 61.021 2,013 0 2,013 2,013 0.7561 1,522 1,037 227
2012 3 511,310 0 2,237 170 167.774 55.925 1,843 0 1,843 1,843 0.6575 1,212 2,880 1,439
2013 4 479,339 0 2,097 161 157.283 52.428 1,726 0 1,726 1,726 0.5718 987 4,606 2,426
2014 5 463,246 0 2,027 156 152.003 50.668 1,668 0 1,668 1,668 0.4972 829 6,274 3,255
2015 6 447,489 0 1,958 152 146.832 48.944 1,610 0 1,610 1,610 0.4323 696 7,884 3,951
2016 7 435,259 0 1,904 148 142.819 47.606 1,566 0 1,566 1,566 0.3759 589 9,450 4,540
2017 8 421,748 0 1,845 144 138.386 46.129 1,516 0 1,516 1,516 0.3269 496 10,967 5,036
2018 9 411,011 0 1,798 141 134.863 44.954 1,477 0 1,477 1,477 0.2843 420 12,444 5,456
2019 10 401,455 0 1,756 138 131.727 43.909 1,442 0 1,442 1,442 0.2472 357 13,886 5,812
2020 11 393,764 0 1,723 136 129.204 43.068 1,414 0 1,414 1,414 0.2149 304 15,301 6,116
2021 12 384,607 0 1,683 133 126.199 42.066 1,381 0 1,381 1,381 0.1869 258 16,682 6,374
2022 13 377,230 0 1,650 131 123.779 41.260 1,354 0 1,354 1,354 0.1625 220 18,036 6,594
2023 14 370,301 0 1,620 129 121.505 40.502 1,329 0 1,329 1,329 0.1413 188 19,364 6,782
2024 15 364,697 0 1,596 128 119.666 39.889 1,308 0 1,308 1,308 0.1229 161 20,673 6,943
2025 16 357,472 0 1,564 126 117.296 39.099 1,282 0 1,282 1,282 0.1069 137 21,955 7,080
2026 17 351,626 0 1,538 124 115.377 38.459 1,261 0 1,261 1,261 0.0929 117 23,215 7,197
2027 18 346,062 0 1,514 122 113.552 37.851 1,240 0 1,240 1,240 0.0808 100 24,456 7,297
2028 19 341,688 0 1,495 121 112.116 37.372 1,224 0 1,224 1,224 0.0703 86 25,680 7,383
2029 20 335,682 0 1,469 119 110.146 36.715 1,203 0 1,203 1,203 0.0611 73 26,883 7,457
2030 21 330,621 0 1,446 118 108.485 36.162 1,184 0 1,184 1,184 0.0531 63 28,067 7,520
2031 22 325,427 0 1,424 116 106.781 35.594 1,165 0 1,165 1,165 0.0462 54 29,232 7,574
2032 23 321,284 0 1,406 115 105.421 35.140 1,150 0 1,150 1,150 0.0402 46 30,382 7,620
2033 24 315,572 0 1,381 113 103.547 34.516 1,129 0 1,129 1,129 0.0349 39 31,511 7,659
2034 25 310,960 0 1,360 112 102.034 34.011 1,112 0 1,112 1,112 0.0304 34 32,623 7,693
2035 26 306,550 0 1,341 111 100.587 33.529 1,096 0 1,096 1,096 0.0264 29 33,719 7,722
2036 27 303,150 0 1,326 110 99.471 33.157 1,084 0 1,084 1,084 0.0230 25 34,803 7,747
2037 28 298,210 0 1,305 108 97.850 32.617 1,066 0 1,066 1,066 0.0200 21 35,869 7,768
2038 29 294,230 0 1,287 107 96.544 32.181 1,051 0 1,051 1,051 0.0174 18 36,920 7,786
2039 30 287,970 0 1,260 105 94.490 31.497 1,028 0 1,028 1,028 0.0151 16 37,949 7,802
2 VERTICAL PARALLEL WELLS WITH HYDRAULIC FRACTURES
OCIBFIT FIT OCIAFIT
CUMULATIVE
INVESTMENTGROSS PRODUCTION
VOLUMESREVENUEEXPENSES
AD
VALOREMSEVERANCE
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
72
Table A. 8 Economic Analysis Spreadsheet 2 Vertical Wells with Collinear Hydraulic Fractures Planes
DISCOUNT RATE 15.00% GAS PRICE 5.00 $/Mscf Operating Cash Income Before Fed Income Tax
Working Interest 100.00% % OPERATING EXPENSES
Royality Burden 12.50% % Gas 0.29 $/Mscf
Water 10.00 $/B
INVESTMENT Fixed 21,900.00 $/YEAR
Drilling 2.96 MM$
Completion 0.1 MM$ TAXES
Stimulation 0.36 MM$ Ad Valorem Taxes 0.075
Severance Taxes 0.025
Total Investment 3.42 MM$ YEAR 2009 Federal Income Tax 0
Undiscounted Discounted
YEAR TIME NET PV NET Undiscounted Discounted
CASHFLOW FACTOR CASHFLOW NET NET
MM$ GAS WATER GAS GAS GAS CASHFLOW CASHFLOW
Mscf Bbls x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000 x $1,000
2009 0 3,420 0 0 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 -3,420 1.0000 -3,420 -3,420 -3,420
2010 1 795,109 0 3,479 252 260.895 86.965 2,878 0 2,878 2,878 0.8696 2,503 -542 -917
2011 2 631,748 0 2,764 205 207.292 69.097 2,282 0 2,282 2,282 0.7561 1,726 1,741 809
2012 3 572,692 0 2,506 188 187.915 62.638 2,067 0 2,067 2,067 0.6575 1,359 3,808 2,168
2013 4 531,131 0 2,324 176 174.277 58.092 1,915 0 1,915 1,915 0.5718 1,095 5,723 3,263
2014 5 508,817 0 2,226 169 166.956 55.652 1,834 0 1,834 1,834 0.4972 912 7,557 4,175
2015 6 488,009 0 2,135 163 160.128 53.376 1,758 0 1,758 1,758 0.4323 760 9,315 4,935
2016 7 472,139 0 2,066 159 154.921 51.640 1,700 0 1,700 1,700 0.3759 639 11,015 5,574
2017 8 456,153 0 1,996 154 149.675 49.892 1,642 0 1,642 1,642 0.3269 537 12,657 6,111
2018 9 443,420 0 1,940 150 145.497 48.499 1,595 0 1,595 1,595 0.2843 454 14,253 6,564
2019 10 431,968 0 1,890 147 141.740 47.247 1,554 0 1,554 1,554 0.2472 384 15,807 6,948
2020 11 422,095 0 1,847 144 138.500 46.167 1,518 0 1,518 1,518 0.2149 326 17,324 7,275
2021 12 410,688 0 1,797 141 134.757 44.919 1,476 0 1,476 1,476 0.1869 276 18,800 7,550
2022 13 401,389 0 1,756 138 131.706 43.902 1,442 0 1,442 1,442 0.1625 234 20,242 7,785
2023 14 392,887 0 1,719 136 128.916 42.972 1,411 0 1,411 1,411 0.1413 199 21,654 7,984
2024 15 386,051 0 1,689 134 126.673 42.224 1,386 0 1,386 1,386 0.1229 170 23,040 8,155
2025 16 377,612 0 1,652 131 123.904 41.301 1,355 0 1,355 1,355 0.1069 145 24,395 8,299
2026 17 370,613 0 1,621 129 121.607 40.536 1,330 0 1,330 1,330 0.0929 124 25,725 8,423
2027 18 363,978 0 1,592 127 119.430 39.810 1,306 0 1,306 1,306 0.0808 106 27,031 8,529
2028 19 358,632 0 1,569 126 117.676 39.225 1,286 0 1,286 1,286 0.0703 90 28,317 8,619
2029 20 351,651 0 1,538 124 115.385 38.462 1,261 0 1,261 1,261 0.0611 77 29,578 8,696
2030 21 345,958 0 1,514 122 113.517 37.839 1,240 0 1,240 1,240 0.0531 66 30,818 8,762
2031 22 340,524 0 1,490 121 111.734 37.245 1,220 0 1,220 1,220 0.0462 56 32,038 8,818
2032 23 336,196 0 1,471 119 110.314 36.771 1,204 0 1,204 1,204 0.0402 48 33,242 8,867
2033 24 330,220 0 1,445 118 108.353 36.118 1,183 0 1,183 1,183 0.0349 41 34,425 8,908
2034 25 325,280 0 1,423 116 106.733 35.577 1,165 0 1,165 1,165 0.0304 35 35,589 8,943
2035 26 320,530 0 1,402 115 105.174 35.058 1,147 0 1,147 1,147 0.0264 30 36,737 8,974
2036 27 316,780 0 1,386 114 103.943 34.648 1,134 0 1,134 1,134 0.0230 26 37,870 9,000
2037 28 311,440 0 1,363 112 102.191 34.064 1,114 0 1,114 1,114 0.0200 22 38,984 9,022
2038 29 307,100 0 1,344 111 100.767 33.589 1,098 0 1,098 1,098 0.0174 19 40,083 9,041
2039 30 300,410 0 1,314 109 98.572 32.857 1,074 0 1,074 1,074 0.0151 16 41,156 9,057
2 VERTICAL LINEAR WELLS WITH HYDRAULIC FRACTURES
OCIBFIT FIT OCIAFIT
CUMULATIVE
INVESTMENTGROSS PRODUCTION
VOLUMESREVENUEEXPENSES
AD
VALOREMSEVERANCE
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
73
APPENDIX B
MODELING DATA FILES
B.1 Base Case
*UNLI 5808,5808,16,48,0,3,1,1,10,0,16,0,1,1,0,0
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
*VER
6 *COM
*TT1 16 Wells Base 640
*TT2
RUN # 1 *FLG
1,0,0,-1,1850878,1024,0,0,.01,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
*NEW
0,1,0,0,1000,0,0 *DIM
44,44,3,0,10950,2010,1,1
10000,10,-1,-.0001,.01,0,0,1,0,0,0,0 *PCR
1
30,.72,250,15,5200,20,1.0001
*PVT 1
.72,54.69698,0,62.41,15,15,0
0,0,0 15,1.10614,.87,1.33715,1.783,.01412,1.05885,.2332
385.4,1.07992,20.71,.05059,1.753,.01439,1.05762,.2332
755.7,1.07941,21.43,.02518,2.043,.01484,1.05638,.2332 1126.1,1.07923,22.14,.01648,2.437,.01544,1.05515,.2332
1496.4,1.07914,22.86,.01219,2.945,.01617,1.05392,.2332
1866.8,1.07909,23.57,.00965,3.58,.01703,1.05268,.2332
2237.1,1.07905,24.29,.00801,4.363,.018,1.05145,.2332 2607.5,1.07903,25,.00688,5.314,.01905,1.05022,.2332
2977.9,1.07901,25.71,.00607,6.456,.02016,1.04898,.2332
3348.2,1.07899,26.43,.00547,7.812,.0213,1.04775,.2332 3718.6,1.07898,27.14,.00501,9.407,.02245,1.04652,.2332
4088.9,1.07897,27.86,.00465,11.261,.02361,1.04528,.2332
4459.3,1.07896,28.57,.00436,13.395,.02475,1.04405,.2332 4829.6,1.07896,29.29,.00413,15.824,.02587,1.04282,.2332
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
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5200,1.07895,30,.00394,18.56,.02696,1.04158,.2332
*HON 1
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
*HIR
1 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
*SAT
1 1,10,10,0
.26,0,.001,0,0,0
.34,.0001,.000889,0,0,0
.42,.0022,.000778,0,0,0
.5,.0111,.000667,0,0,0
.58,.035,.000556,0,0,0
.66,.0854,.000444,0,0,0
.74,.177,.000333,0,0,0
.82,.328,.000222,0,0,0
.9,.5595,.000111,0,0,0
.98,.8962,0,0,0,0
.26,1,0,0,0,0
.34,.7862,.000111,0,0,0
.42,.5856,.000222,0,0,0
.5,.4085,.000333,0,0,0
.58,.2619,.000444,0,0,0
.66,.1494,.000556,0,0,0
.74,.0715,.000667,0,0,0
.82,.0253,.000778,0,0,0
.9,.0046,.000889,0,0,0
.98,0,.001,0,0,0
*END
*SIZ
44,44,3 *OUT
5808*1
*KEY 5808*1
*GRD 0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DXC
5808*120
*DYC
5808*120
*DZC
5808*50
*TIC
5808*7200
*POR
5808*0.08
*KXH
5808*0.01
*KYH 5808*0.01
*KZH 5808*0.001
*CRK
5808*0.000003
*END
*PIC
5808*5000
*DPI
5808*7200
*DGO 5808*7500
*DWO 5808*7500
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
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*PSC
5808*5000
*END
*TIM
1 0,1,.1,32,.2,2000,31,-1,1095,300,.05,10000,-1,-1,.05,.005,.005
*LOC
48 0,1,"GAS001",6,6,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS001",6,6,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS001",6,6,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,2,"GAS002",6,17,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS002",6,17,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS002",6,17,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,3,"GAS003",6,28,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,3,"GAS003",6,28,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,3,"GAS003",6,28,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,4,"GAS004",6,39,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,4,"GAS004",6,39,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,4,"GAS004",6,39,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,5,"GAS005",17,6,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,5,"GAS005",17,6,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,5,"GAS005",17,6,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,6,"GAS006",17,17,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,6,"GAS006",17,17,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,6,"GAS006",17,17,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,7,"GAS007",17,28,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,7,"GAS007",17,28,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,7,"GAS007",17,28,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,8,"GAS008",17,39,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,8,"GAS008",17,39,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,8,"GAS008",17,39,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,9,"GAS009",28,6,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,9,"GAS009",28,6,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,9,"GAS009",28,6,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,10,"GAS010",28,17,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,10,"GAS010",28,17,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,10,"GAS010",28,17,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,11,"GAS011",28,28,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,11,"GAS011",28,28,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,11,"GAS011",28,28,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,12,"GAS012",28,39,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,12,"GAS012",28,39,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,12,"GAS012",28,39,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,13,"GAS013",39,6,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,13,"GAS013",39,6,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,13,"GAS013",39,6,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
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0,14,"GAS014",39,17,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,14,"GAS014",39,17,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,14,"GAS014",39,17,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,15,"GAS015",39,28,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,15,"GAS015",39,28,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,15,"GAS015",39,28,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,16,"GAS016",39,39,1,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,16,"GAS016",39,39,2,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,16,"GAS016",39,39,3,0,0,0,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 *WEL
16
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1 0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,1 0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,1 0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,10,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,11,1 0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,12,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,13,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,14,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,15,1 0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,16,1
*SRT
65 1 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 19 20 21
22 23 24 18 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 16 17 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5
4 3 2 34 33 *END
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
78
B.2 Vertical Wells with Hydraulic Fractures (9 wells)
*UNLI
28755,28755,9,27,0,3,1,1,10,0,9,0,1,1,0,0
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 *VER
6
*COM
*TT1
9 HF Wells 500 Base 640
*TT2 RUN # 1
*FLG
1,0,0,-1,1850878,1024,0,0,.01,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 *NEW
0,1,0,0,7200,0,0
*DIM
63,63,3,0,10950,2010,1,1 10000,10,-1,-.0001,.01,0,0,2,0,0,0,0
*PCR
1 30,.72,250,15,5200,20,1.0001
*PVT
1 .72,54.69698,0,62.41,15,15,0
0,0,0
15,1.10614,.87,1.33715,1.783,.01412,1.05885,.2332
385.4,1.07992,20.71,.05059,1.753,.01439,1.05762,.2332 755.7,1.07941,21.43,.02518,2.043,.01484,1.05638,.2332
1126.1,1.07923,22.14,.01648,2.437,.01544,1.05515,.2332
1496.4,1.07914,22.86,.01219,2.945,.01617,1.05392,.2332 1866.8,1.07909,23.57,.00965,3.58,.01703,1.05268,.2332
2237.1,1.07905,24.29,.00801,4.363,.018,1.05145,.2332
2607.5,1.07903,25,.00688,5.314,.01905,1.05022,.2332 2977.9,1.07901,25.71,.00607,6.456,.02016,1.04898,.2332
3348.2,1.07899,26.43,.00547,7.812,.0213,1.04775,.2332
3718.6,1.07898,27.14,.00501,9.407,.02245,1.04652,.2332
4088.9,1.07897,27.86,.00465,11.261,.02361,1.04528,.2332 4459.3,1.07896,28.57,.00436,13.395,.02475,1.04405,.2332
4829.6,1.07896,29.29,.00413,15.824,.02587,1.04282,.2332
5200,1.07895,30,.00394,18.56,.02696,1.04158,.2332 *HON
1
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
*HIR 1
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
79
*SAT
1 1,10,10,0
.26,0,.001,0,0,0
.34,.0001,.000889,0,0,0
.42,.0022,.000778,0,0,0
.5,.0111,.000667,0,0,0
.58,.035,.000556,0,0,0
.66,.0854,.000444,0,0,0
.74,.177,.000333,0,0,0
.82,.328,.000222,0,0,0
.9,.5595,.000111,0,0,0
.98,.8962,0,0,0,0
.26,1,0,0,0,0
.34,.7862,.000111,0,0,0
.42,.5856,.000222,0,0,0
.5,.4085,.000333,0,0,0
.58,.2619,.000444,0,0,0
.66,.1494,.000556,0,0,0
.74,.0715,.000667,0,0,0
.82,.0253,.000778,0,0,0
.9,.0046,.000889,0,0,0
.98,0,.001,0,0,0
*END
*SIZ
63,63,3 *LGR
634*0,13*70701,9*0,13*70701,7*0,13*70701,1331*0,13*70701,9*0,13*70701
7*0,13*70701,1205*0,13*70701,9*0,13*70701,7*0,13*70701,1268*0,13*70701 9*0,13*70701,7*0,13*70701,1331*0,13*70701,9*0,13*70701,7*0,13*70701
1205*0,13*70701,9*0,13*70701,7*0,13*70701,1268*0,13*70701,9*0,13*70701
7*0,13*70701,1331*0,13*70701,9*0,13*70701,7*0,13*70701,1205*0,13*70701
9*0,13*70701,7*0,13*70701,634*0 *OUT
28755*1
*KEY 28755*1
*GRD 0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*F2G 9,0,0,0
"001 GAS001",0,0,0,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,7,7,2,"X","",1
"002 GAS002",0,0,0,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,7,7,2,"X","",1 "003 GAS003",0,0,0,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,7,7,2,"X","",1
"004 GAS004",0,0,0,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,7,7,2,"X","",1
"005 GAS005",0,0,0,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,7,7,2,"X","",1
"006 GAS006",0,0,0,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,7,7,2,"X","",1 "007 GAS007",0,0,0,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,7,7,2,"X","",1
"008 GAS008",0,0,0,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,7,7,2,"X","",1
"009 GAS009",0,0,0,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,7,7,2,"X","",1
*DXC
634*83.80952,637*11.97279,9*83.80952,637*11.97279,7*83.80952,637*11.97279,1331*83.80952
637*11.97279,9*83.80952,637*11.97279,7*83.80952,637*11.97279,1205*83.80952,637*11.972
79
9*83.80952,637*11.97279,7*83.80952,637*11.97279,1268*83.80952,637*11.97279,9*83.80952 637*11.97279,7*83.80952,637*11.97279,1331*83.80952,637*11.97279,9*83.80952,637*11.972
79
7*83.80952,637*11.97279,1205*83.80952,637*11.97279,9*83.80952,637*11.97279,7*83.80952 637*11.97279,1268*83.80952,637*11.97279,9*83.80952,637*11.97279,7*83.80952,637*11.972
79
1331*83.80952,637*11.97279,9*83.80952,637*11.97279,7*83.80952,637*11.97279,1205*83.80
952 637*11.97279,9*83.80952,637*11.97279,7*83.80952,637*11.97279,634*83.80952
*DYC 634*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
9*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
7*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492 7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
81
1331*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492 7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
9*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492 7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
7*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492 1205*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492 9*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
7*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492 7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
1268*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492 7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
9*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
7*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492 1331*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
9*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
7*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492 7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
82
1205*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492 7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
9*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492 7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
7*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492 1268*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492 9*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
7*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492 7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
1331*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492 7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
9*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
7*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492 1205*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
9*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492
7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2 42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
7*83.80952,21*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492 7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2
42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,42*13.63492,7*2,21*13.63492
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
83
634*83.80952
*DZC
28755*50
*TIC 28755*7200
*POR 28755*0.08
*KXH 28755*0.01
*KYH
28755*0.01
*KZH
28755*0.001
*CRK
28755*0.000003
*US1 Frac KfWf
658*0,4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,58*0,4*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0 7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,3*100,56*0,4*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0 7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
3*100,1380*0,4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,58*0 4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,56*0,4*100,42*0 7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,3*100,1254*0,4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
84
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100 58*0,4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,56*0,4*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0 7*100,42*0,3*100,1317*0,4*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
3*100,58*0,4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,56*0
4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0 7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,1380*0,4*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,3*100,58*0,4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100
56*0,4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0 7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,1254*0,4*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0 7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,3*100,58*0,4*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0 3*100,56*0,4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,1317*0 4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,58*0,4*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
85
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,3*100,56*0,4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100 1380*0,4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0 7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,58*0,4*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,3*100,56*0,4*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
3*100,1254*0,4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0 7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,58*0
4*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,7*100,42*0,3*100,56*0,4*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100 42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0
7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100,42*0,7*100
42*0,3*100,659*0
*END
*PIC 28755*5000
*DPI 28755*7200
*DGO 28755*7500
*DWO
28755*7500
*PSC
28755*5000
*END
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
86
*TIM
1 0,1,.1,32,.2,2000,31,-1,1095,300,.05,10000,-1,-1,.05,.005,.005
*LOC
27
0,1,"GAS001",11,11,1,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,1,"GAS001",11,11,2,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS001",11,11,3,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS002",11,33,1,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,2,"GAS002",11,33,2,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS002",11,33,3,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,4,"GAS004",33,11,1,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,4,"GAS004",33,11,2,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,4,"GAS004",33,11,3,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,5,"GAS005",33,33,1,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,5,"GAS005",33,33,2,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,5,"GAS005",33,33,3,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,6,"GAS006",33,53,1,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,6,"GAS006",33,53,2,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,6,"GAS006",33,53,3,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,3,"GAS003",11,53,1,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,3,"GAS003",11,53,2,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,3,"GAS003",11,53,3,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,7,"GAS007",53,11,1,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,7,"GAS007",53,11,2,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,7,"GAS007",53,11,3,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,8,"GAS008",53,33,1,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,8,"GAS008",53,33,2,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,8,"GAS008",53,33,3,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,9,"GAS009",53,53,1,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,9,"GAS009",53,53,2,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,9,"GAS009",53,53,3,4,4,1,-1,"Z",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
*WEL 9
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,1 0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,1 0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,1 *TGD
18
0,5,5,11,1,4,4,1,17,11,3,3,4,1,50 0,7,5,11,1,4,4,1,17,11,2,3,4,1,.51
0,5,5,33,1,4,4,1,17,33,3,3,4,1,50
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
87
0,7,5,33,1,4,4,1,17,33,2,3,4,1,.51
0,5,5,53,1,4,4,1,17,53,3,3,4,1,50 0,7,5,53,1,4,4,1,17,53,2,3,4,1,.51
0,5,27,11,1,4,4,1,39,11,3,3,4,1,50
0,7,27,11,1,4,4,1,39,11,2,3,4,1,.51
0,5,27,33,1,4,4,1,39,33,3,3,4,1,50 0,7,27,33,1,4,4,1,39,33,2,3,4,1,.51
0,5,27,53,1,4,4,1,39,53,3,3,4,1,50
0,7,27,53,1,4,4,1,39,53,2,3,4,1,.51 0,5,47,11,1,4,4,1,59,11,3,3,4,1,50
0,7,47,11,1,4,4,1,59,11,2,3,4,1,.51
0,5,47,33,1,4,4,1,59,33,3,3,4,1,50 0,7,47,33,1,4,4,1,59,33,2,3,4,1,.51
0,5,47,53,1,4,4,1,59,53,3,3,4,1,50
0,7,47,53,1,4,4,1,59,53,2,3,4,1,.51
*TGC 18
"[001 GAS001] "
"[001 GAS001] " "[002 GAS002] "
"[002 GAS002] "
"[003 GAS003] " "[003 GAS003] "
"[004 GAS004] "
"[004 GAS004] "
"[005 GAS005] " "[005 GAS005] "
"[006 GAS006] "
"[006 GAS006] " "[007 GAS007] "
"[007 GAS007] "
"[008 GAS008] "
"[008 GAS008] " "[009 GAS009] "
"[009 GAS009] "
*SRT 55
1 36 37 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 9 10 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2 8 7 6 5 4 3 18 19 28 47 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 38 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
*END
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
88
B.3 Horizontal Wells with Transverse Hydraulic Fractures (2 wells)
*UNLI
41346,41346,2,42,0,3,1,1,10,0,2,0,1,1,0,0
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 *VER
6
*COM
*TT1
2 H Wells 1680
*TT2 RUN # 1
*FLG
1,0,0,-1,1850878,1024,0,0,.01,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 *NEW
0,0,0,0,7200,0,0
*DIM
66,67,3,0,10950,2010,1,1 10000,10,-1,-.0001,.01,0,0,2,0,0,0,0
*PCR
1 30,.72,250,15,5200,20,1.0001
*PVT
1 .72,54.69698,0,62.41,15,15,0
0,0,0
15,1.10614,.87,1.33715,1.783,.01412,1.05885,.2332
385.4,1.07992,20.71,.05059,1.753,.01439,1.05762,.2332 755.7,1.07941,21.43,.02518,2.043,.01484,1.05638,.2332
1126.1,1.07923,22.14,.01648,2.437,.01544,1.05515,.2332
1496.4,1.07914,22.86,.01219,2.945,.01617,1.05392,.2332 1866.8,1.07909,23.57,.00965,3.58,.01703,1.05268,.2332
2237.1,1.07905,24.29,.00801,4.363,.018,1.05145,.2332
2607.5,1.07903,25,.00688,5.314,.01905,1.05022,.2332 2977.9,1.07901,25.71,.00607,6.456,.02016,1.04898,.2332
3348.2,1.07899,26.43,.00547,7.812,.0213,1.04775,.2332
3718.6,1.07898,27.14,.00501,9.407,.02245,1.04652,.2332
4088.9,1.07897,27.86,.00465,11.261,.02361,1.04528,.2332 4459.3,1.07896,28.57,.00436,13.395,.02475,1.04405,.2332
4829.6,1.07896,29.29,.00413,15.824,.02587,1.04282,.2332
5200,1.07895,30,.00394,18.56,.02696,1.04158,.2332 *HON
1
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
*HIR 1
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
89
*SAT
1 1,10,10,0
.26,0,.001,0,0,0
.34,.0001,.000889,0,0,0
.42,.0022,.000778,0,0,0
.5,.0111,.000667,0,0,0
.58,.035,.000556,0,0,0
.66,.0854,.000444,0,0,0
.74,.177,.000333,0,0,0
.82,.328,.000222,0,0,0
.9,.5595,.000111,0,0,0
.98,.8962,0,0,0,0
.26,1,0,0,0,0
.34,.7862,.000111,0,0,0
.42,.5856,.000222,0,0,0
.5,.4085,.000333,0,0,0
.58,.2619,.000444,0,0,0
.66,.1494,.000556,0,0,0
.74,.0715,.000667,0,0,0
.82,.0253,.000778,0,0,0
.9,.0046,.000889,0,0,0
.98,0,.001,0,0,0
*END
*SIZ
66,67,3 *LGR
1790*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 3580*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
90
16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 3580*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101
7*0, 111101 16*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 7*0, 111101 1790*0 *OUT
41346*1
*KEY 41346*1
*GRD
0,0 0,0
0,0
0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
91
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 *F2G
6,1,0,0
"001 GAS01",0,9,34,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,11,11,1,"Y","",1
"001 GAS01",0,17,34,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,11,11,1,"Y","",1 "001 GAS01",0,25,34,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,11,11,1,"Y","",1
"002 GAS02",0,42,34,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,11,11,1,"Y","",1
"002 GAS02",0,50,34,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,11,11,1,"Y","",1 "002 GAS02",0,58,34,1,3,500,.02,100,0,0,11,11,1,"Y","",1
*DXC
1790*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9
1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9
1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9
1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9
1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9
1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
92
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
93
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
94
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,3580*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
95
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
96
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,3580*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
97
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
98
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
99
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80
5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,16*80,5*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1 10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9 16*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80,5*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,5*7.9,7*80 5*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1
10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9,1,10*7.9 1,5*7.9,1790*80
*DYC 1790*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.8059
7
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597 121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179 16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597 121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597 121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179 7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
100
16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179 7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,3580*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179 16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597 121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179 16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179 7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597 121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179 7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179 7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,3580*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597 121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597 121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179 16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597 121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597 121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179
7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179 7*78.80597,121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597
121*7.164179,16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
101
16*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,7*78.80597,121*7.164179,1790*78.8059
7
*DZC
41346*50
*TIC
41346*7200
*POR
41346*0.08
*KXH
41346*0.01
*KYH 41346*0.01
*KZH 41346*0.001
*CRK 41346*0.000003
*US1 Frac KfWf
1806*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,28*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,28*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,37*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,28*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,28*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
102
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
103
100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
104
100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,39*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,39*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,48*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,39*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,39*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
3623*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,28*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,28*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,37*0,100,10*0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
105
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,28*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,28*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
106
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
107
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
108
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,39*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,39*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,48*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,39*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,39*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
3623*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,28*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,28*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,37*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,28*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,28*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
109
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
110
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
111
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,17*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,26*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,17*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,26*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,39*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,39*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,48*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,39*0 100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100
10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,39*0,100,10*0,100 10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0
100,10*0,100,10*0,100,10*0,100 1817*0
*END
*PIC
41346*5000
*DPI 41346*7200
*DGO 41346*7500
*DWO 41346*7500
*PSC
41346*5000
*END
*TIM 1
0,1,.1,32,.2,2000,31,-1,1095,300,.05,10000,-1,-1,.05,.005,.005
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
112
*LOC
42 0,1,"GAS01",27,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",26,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",25,34,2,6,6,1,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",24,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,1,"GAS01",23,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",22,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",21,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,1,"GAS01",20,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",19,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",18,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,1,"GAS01",17,34,2,6,6,1,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",16,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",15,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",14,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,1,"GAS01",13,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",12,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",11,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,1,"GAS01",10,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",9,34,2,6,6,1,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,1,"GAS01",8,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,1,"GAS01",7,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",40,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",41,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",42,34,2,6,6,1,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,2,"GAS02",43,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",44,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",45,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,2,"GAS02",46,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",47,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",48,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",49,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,2,"GAS02",50,34,2,6,6,1,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",51,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",52,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,2,"GAS02",53,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",54,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",55,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,2,"GAS02",56,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",57,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",58,34,2,6,6,1,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
0,2,"GAS02",59,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,2,"GAS02",60,34,2,0,0,0,-1,"X",1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
*WEL
2 0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1
0,1,.01,.3,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,1
Texas Tech University, Cyrille Defeu, December 2010
113
*TGD
12 0,6,9,28,1,6,2,1,9,40,3,6,9,1,100
0,7,9,28,1,6,2,1,9,40,2,6,9,1,1.01
0,6,17,28,1,6,2,1,17,40,3,6,9,1,100
0,7,17,28,1,6,2,1,17,40,2,6,9,1,1.01 0,6,25,28,1,6,2,1,25,40,3,6,9,1,100
0,7,25,28,1,6,2,1,25,40,2,6,9,1,1.01
0,6,42,28,1,6,2,1,42,40,3,6,9,1,100 0,7,42,28,1,6,2,1,42,40,2,6,9,1,1.01
0,6,50,28,1,6,2,1,50,40,3,6,9,1,100
0,7,50,28,1,6,2,1,50,40,2,6,9,1,1.01 0,6,58,28,1,6,2,1,58,40,3,6,9,1,100
0,7,58,28,1,6,2,1,58,40,2,6,9,1,1.01
*TGC
12 "[001 GAS01] "
"[001 GAS01] "
"[001 GAS01] " "[001 GAS01] "
"[001 GAS01] "
"[001 GAS01] " "[002 GAS02] "
"[002 GAS02] "
"[002 GAS02] "
"[002 GAS02] " "[002 GAS02] "
"[002 GAS02] "
*SRT 57
1 45 44 5 4 7 2 9 10 3 6 8 13 14 11 16 17 18 19 20
21 12 15 24 25 26 27 28 22 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 23 29 52 47 48 49 50 51 46 53 54 55 56 57 *END