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PRODUCT USER MANUAL Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish- Ocean Physics Analysis and Forecast Product: IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 Issue: 6.3 Contributors: Arancha Amo, Guillaume Reffray, Marcos G. Sotillo, Roland Aznar, Karen Guihou Approval Date :JUNE 2020

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PRODUCT USER MANUAL Atlantic -Iberian Biscay Irish- Ocean Physics Analysis

and Forecast Product: IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001

Issue: 6.3

Contributors: Arancha Amo, Guillaume Reffray, Marcos G. Sotillo, Roland Aznar, Karen Guihou

Approval Date :JUNE 2020

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CHANGE RECORD

Issue Date § Description of Change Author Validated By

1.0

19/10/2012

All

MyOcean Document

Marcos G Sotillo Jerome Chanut

Jerome Chanut

2.0 09/01/2013 All Update to MyO2 and V3 changes

Marcos G Sotillo Sylvain Cailleau

Enrique Álvarez Fanjul

2.1 07/02/2013 Minor changes after V3 Acceptance Review

Marcos G Sotillo Enrique Álvarez Fanjul

3.0 23/12/2013 Update for IBI V4 Marcos G Sotillo Sylvain Cailleau

Enrique Álvarez Fanjul L. Crosnier

3.1 17/03/2013 Minor changes after V4 Acceptance Review

Marcos G Sotillo L. Crosnier

3.2 May 1 2015 All Change format to fit CMEMS graphical rules

L. Crosnier

4.0 14/12/2015 All Upgrade including V2 CMEMS changes.

Marcos G Sotillo Guillaume Reffray

Enrique Álvarez Fanjul

4.1 12/09/2016 All Information on the change of IBI boundary conditions (use of a new upgraded CMEMS GLOBAL system) and its impact on the IBI solution.

Marcos G Sotillo Bruno Levier

Enrique Álvarez Fanjul

5.0 18/01/2017 All Upgrade, including info on changes related to the V3 CMEMS release

Marcos G Sotillo Guillaume Reffray Arancha Amo

Enrique Álvarez Fanjul

6.0 18/01/2018 All Upgrade, including info on changes related to the V4 CMEMS release

Marcos G Sotillo Guillaume Reffray Arancha Amo

Enrique Álvarez Fanjul

6.1 17/04/2019 New dataset for static files.

Marcos G Sotillo Guillaume Reffray Arancha Amo

Marcos G Sotillo

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6.2 03/12/2019 IBI NRT PHY Product Upgrade: Delivery of new dataset with 15 minutes frequency data for sea level and surface currents.

Arancha Amo Karen Guihou

Marcos G Sotillo

6.3 03/04/2020 IBI NRT PHY Product Upgrade: Integration of new tidal forcing and use of ECMWF hourly atmospheric forcing.

Arancha Amo Karen Guihou Roland Aznar

C. Derval

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Table of contents

I OBJECTIVE OF THE DOCUMENT ................................................................................................................ 6

II DESCRIPTION OF THE IBI-MFC OCEAN FORECAST SYSTEM ........................................................................ 7

II.1 Short description .................................................................................................................................... 7

II.2 Detailed description ............................................................................................................................... 7

III PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................... 19

III.1 General Information............................................................................................................................ 19

III.2 Details of datasets............................................................................................................................... 20

III.3 Details of variables and units .............................................................................................................. 21

III.4 Grid characteristics and geographical Projection ................................................................................. 22

III.5 Domain coverage ................................................................................................................................ 23

III.6 Vertical Levels ..................................................................................................................................... 24

III.7 Update Time ....................................................................................................................................... 24

III.8 Temporal extend of analysis and forecast stored on delivery mechanism ........................................... 24

III.9 Other information: mean centre of Products, land mask value, missing value .................................... 24

IV PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION: HOW TO DOWNLOAD A PRODUCT? .............................................................. 25

IV.1 Which Download mechanism is available for this product? ................................................................ 25

IV.2 How to Download this product? ......................................................................................................... 25

IV.3 How to write and run a script to download this product? ................................................................... 25

V FILE NOMENCLATURE AND FORMAT ...................................................................................................... 26

V.1 Nomenclature of files when downloaded through the Subsetter Service ............................................. 26

V.2 Nomenclature of files when downloaded through the Directgetfile Service ........................................ 27

V.3 Nomenclature of files when downloaded through the FTP Service ...................................................... 28

V.4 Land mask and missing values ............................................................................................................. 29

V.5 File Format: Netcdf .............................................................................................................................. 29

V.6 Structure and semantic of NetCDF maps files ...................................................................................... 29

V.7 Reading software ................................................................................................................................. 43

VI REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 44

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GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS

MFC Monitoring and Forecasting Centre IBI Iberian Biscay Irish NetCDF Network Common Data Form CIS Central Information System CF Climate Forecast (convention for NetCDF) SSS Sea surface salinity. SSC Sea surface currents SSH Sea surface height RMS Root mean square SLA Sea Level Anomalies PC Production Center PU Production Unit Meridional Velocity West to East component of the horizontal velocity vector Zonal Velocity South to North component of the horizontal velocity vector OpenDAP Open-Source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol. Protocol

to download subset of data from a n-dimensional gridded dataset (ie: 4 dimensions: lon-lat,depth,time)

Subsetter CMEMS service tool to download a NetCDF file of a selected geographical box using values of longitude an latitude, and time range

Directgetfile CMEMS service tool (FTP like) to download a NetCDF file

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I OBJECTIVE OF THE DOCUMENT

This document describes the ocean forecast product files delivered by the CMEMS IBI-MFC (Iberia-Biscay-Ireland Monitoring and Forecasting Centre), the CMEMS user interfaces available to access them, and a brief description of the IBI ocean forecast system used to generate the product (CMEMS product catalogue identifier: IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001). The CMEMS IBI-MFC forecast product is currently composed of 6 different datasets: 1) the daily mean: including 3D daily means fields of Temperature, Salinity, Zonal Velocity and Meridional Velocity together with daily means of Sea Surface Height, Mix Layer Depth and Sea Bottom Temperature; 2) the hourly mean: surface and single-level fields, such as sea surface temperature, mix layer depth, surface current, barotropic velocities and sea surface height; 3) the hourly3d mean: with 3D hourly means of Temperature, Salinity, Zonal Velocity and Meridional Velocity; 4) the monthly mean: with 3D monthly averaged fields of the same variables delivered in the daily mean dataset; 5) the static files dataset, which provides the bathymetry and masks used to generate this IBI-MFC product. In this release, a new dataset is added to the aforementioned ones, 6) the 15min dataset, delivering high frequency (15 minutes) data for sea level and surface currents. The forecast product is daily generated, and a weekly update of IBI downscaled analysis is also provided and delivered as historic IBI best estimates. The CMEMS IBI MFC Production Unit (run by Nologin in coordination with Puertos del Estado and with the support, in terms of supercomputing resources, of CESGA) is responsible of the generation and delivery of the CMEMS IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 product. Further information on of the latest version of the IBI-MFC Forecast System and the quality of its associated product (the IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001) is provided in the Quality Information Document (CMEMS-IBI-QUID-005-001-v4.2). More detailed information can be obtained from: http://marine.copernicus.eu/servicesportfolio/contact-us/. See also News flash.

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II DESCRIPTION OF THE IBI-MFC OCEAN FORECAST SYSTEM

II.1 Short description

The operational IBI (Iberian Biscay Irish) Ocean Analysis and Forecasting system (daily run by Nologin in coordination with Puertos del Estado and with the support, in terms of supercomputing resources, of CESGA) provides a 5-day hydrodynamic forecast including high frequency processes of paramount importance to characterize regional scale marine processes (i.e. tidal forcing, surges and high frequency atmospheric forcing, fresh water river discharge, etc.). A weekly update of IBI downscaled analysis is also delivered as historic IBI best estimates. The system is based on a (eddy-resolving) NEMO model application run at 1/36º horizontal resolution.

II.2 Detailed description

The IBI MFC Ocean Analysis and Forecast System is based on an operational suite system daily run by Nologin in coordination with Puertos del Estado and with the support, in terms of supercomputing resources, of CESGA. Its objective is to produce a near-real-time short-term (5-days) forecast of currents and other oceanographic variables, such as temperature, salinity, and sea level, as well as to obtain a better understanding of the ocean dynamic in the IBI Atlantic waters (Sotillo et al., 2015; example of fields and geographical coverage of the IBI MFC forecast products in Figure 1). From the CMEMS March 2018 release (IBI-V4), IBI counts with a data assimilation system and a regional analysis is weekly performed. An aggregation of this IBI analysis solution is kept as IBI best-estimate historic product.

Figure 1: Example of IBI surface temperature and salinity fields (IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001)

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At the current Operational Version, the IBI MFC Ocean forecast system is based on a NEMO-v3.6 model application driven by high frequency meteorological and oceanographic forcing. The NEMO model (Madec, 2008) solves the three-dimensional finite-difference primitive equations in spherical coordinates discretized on an Arakawa-C grid and 50 geopotential vertical levels (z coordinate).

The horizontal curvilinear grid of 1/36° (≈2–3 km resolution) is a refined subset of the so-called “ORCA” 1/12º tripolar grid, commonly used in other NEMO-based large-scale and global modelling experiments (Barnier et al., 2006) and used by the CMEMS GLOBAL system (the parent system that provides initial and lateral boundary conditions for the IBI system). The 50 z levels used in the vertical present a resolution decreasing from ∼1 m in the upper 10 m to more than 400 m in the deep ocean. A partial step representation of the very last bottom wet cell is used with some constraints on the resulting minimum bottom cell thickness to guarantee model stability (it must be greater than 15 m or 20 % of the reference grid thickness). Delivered products are bilinearly interpolated on a regular longitude/latitude 1/36° grid.

The model assumes hydrostatic equilibrium and Boussinesq approximation and makes use of a non-linear split explicit free surface (Shchepetkin and McWilliams, 2004) to properly simulate fast external gravity waves such as tidal motions. Because of the explicit simulations of tides, sea level elevation can become large on the shelf compared to the local depth. In practice, all model vertical thicknesses are remapped in the vertical at each time step to account for the varying fluid height.

Vertical mixing is parameterized according to a k-ε model implemented in the generic form proposed by Umlauf and Burchard (2003) including surface wave breaking induced mixing. Tracers advection is computed with the QUICKEST scheme developed by Leonard (1979). This third-order scheme is well suited to the high resolution used in the IBI configuration and to model sharp fronts, typical from coastal environments. Lateral sub-grid-scale mixing is parameterized according to horizontal biharmonic operators for both momentum and tracers. Note that the latter value is particularly small, since significant inherent diffusion is also associated with the QUICKEST scheme. A vector invariant form of the momentum equations and the energy–enstrophy discretization of vorticity terms are used (Barnier et al., 2006).

The IBI model bathymetry is derived from the 30 arc-second resolution GEBCO 08 dataset (Becker et al., 2009) merged with several local databases (i.e. F. Lyard, personal communication, 2010). At open boundaries, within a 30-point-wide relaxation areas, bathymetric depths are set exactly to the same values than the ones used by the GLOBAL parent grid model bathymetry and progressively merged with the interpolated dataset described above. This approach together with the use of an identical vertical grid to the one used in the parent GLOBAL system imply that no vertical extrapolation of open boundary data is necessary.

The IBI run is forced every hour with atmospheric fields (10-m wind, surface pressure, 2-m temperature, relative humidity, precipitations, short-wave and long-wave radiative fluxes)

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provided by ECMWF. CORE empirical bulk formulae (Large and Yeager, 2004) are used to compute latent sensible heat fluxes, evaporation, and surface stress. Solar penetration is parameterized according to a two-band exponential scheme with monthly climatological attenuation coefficients built from Seawif satellite ocean colour imagery.

Lateral open boundary data (temperature, salinity, velocities, and sea level) are interpolated from the daily outputs from the CMEMS GLOBAL eddy resolving system at 1/12º. These are complemented with new 11 tidal harmonics (M2, S2, N2, K1, O1, Q1, M4, K2, P1, Mf, Mm) built from the FES2014 (Finite Element Solution) solution (Carrere et al., 2015), and with the addition of the loading tide, which is the deflection of the seabed induced by the weight of tidal water masses (applied as a 2D forcing over the whole IBI domain). The atmospheric pressure component, missing in the large-scale parent system sea level outputs, is added hypothesizing pure isostatic response at open boundaries (inverse barometer approximation).

The river freshwater discharge inputs in the IBI area was prescribed through 33 point sources corresponding to the main rivers present in the area (See Figure 2). The freshwater input is imposed using daily PREVIMER measurements, SMHI hydrologic model data or climatological values. Fresh water river discharge inputs are implemented as lateral open boundary condition for 33 rivers. Flow rate data based on daily observations (gathered in PREVIMER project for 9 rivers), and climatology (using monthly climatological data taken from GRDC (http://www.bafg.de/GRDC) and French “Banque Hydro” dataset (http://www.hydro.eaufrance.fr/)) are used in best available basis.

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Figure 2: List of rivers considered in the IBI system and location of the fresh water discharges

Since the CMEMS April 2017 release (IBI-V3) the IBI system incorporates an extra coastal runoff rate (derived from climatology; in monthly basis) to complement the high frequency fresh water forcing associated to the main 33 rivers. This added freshwater input (derived from the Dai and Trenberth climatology) makes the IBI forcing consistent with the ones imposed in the parent CMEMS GLOBAL system.

The yearly mean of this extra climatological coastal fresh water forcing added to the high frequency forcing used for the main rivers of the area is shown in the Figure 3.

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Figure 3: Yearly accumulated runoff rate introduced in the IBI system to complement the high frequency freshwater inputs from the 33 rivers used in the IBI set-up.

From CMEMS March 2018 release (IBI-V4), the CMEMS IBI-MFC forecast product (IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001) has a temporal coverage that goes from the 1st January 2013 to the present for the monthly dataset, and from 1st January 2016 to the present for the daily and hourly ones. The actual historic timeseries is composed by IBI regional analysis. The IBI MFC forecast system has continuously evolved, updating the service based on upgraded operational suites and numerical model applications. Table 1 shows the evolution of the IBI service (in terms of main operational versions and main changes associated to each updated IBI system) along the MyOcean Projects and the CMEMS service.

System Version (Project/Service)

Operational launch

End of operations

Novelties

IBI-V0 (MyO) 01/04/2010 30/03/2011 PdE ESEOAT System (based on POLCOMS model application)

IBI-V1 (MyO)

01/04/2011 09/01/2012 New IBI system based on NEMO code forced with atmospheric data from ECMWF and IC & BC from MyOcean GLOBAL system.

IBI-V2 (MyO)

10/01/2012 22/04/2013 Some minor improvements on the model code related to atmospheric forcing interpolation, lateral friction parameterization and the use of a variable bottom friction parameter. Modified bathymetry.

IBI-V3 (MyO-2)

23/04/2013 14/04/2014 Improvement in the freshwater river forcing data (inclusion of tributaries)

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IBI-V4 (MyO-2)

15/04/2014 14/04/2016 Update the NEMO code use as base of the IBI Model Application (from NEMO v2.3 to the most recent NEMOv34)

IBI-V2 (CMEMS)

15/04/2016 10/10/2016 Update the NEMO code use as base of the IBI Model Application (from NEMO v3.4 to the most stable NEMOv3.6). Change of the periodic initialization scheme by a new spectral nudging solution.

IBI-V2 (CMEMS)

19/10/2016 19/04/2017 An upgrade of the CMEMS Global System, used as boundary condition in the IBI run, was launched the 19th October 2016. This change in the imposed data used as IBI boundary condition has an impact in the IBI solution, and particularly in the sea surface height. Therefore, a discontinuity in this variable is found for this date in the IBI SSH variable provided through the CMEMS catalogue (the magnitude of this SSH change is estimated around 3 cm). Further details on this issue can be found in the IBI Quality Information Document. present section.

IBI-V3 (CMEMS)

19/04/2017 22/03/2018 V3 IBI Upgrade: Update of the fresh water forcing. The new V3 IBI system includes an additional climatological runoff forcing (in monthly frequency) to complement the previous forcing based only on 33 river point daily freshwater sources.

IBI-V4 (CMEMS)

22/03/2018 CMEMS Mar 2018 release

09/07/2019 V4 IBI Upgrade: New Data Assimilation scheme based on SAMv2 in place. New hourly3D dataset, covering the coastal and shelf IBI regions.

IBI-V4 (CMEMS-II)

09/07/2019 CMEMS Jul

2019 release

03/12/2019 New dataset for static files.

CMEMS Dec 2019 release

(CMEMS-II)

03/12/2019

06/07/2020 New high frequency dataset (15 minutes) with sea level and surface currents

CMEMS Jul 2020 release

(CMEMS-II)

07/07/2020

…. New tidal forcing at boundaries and loading tide effect, based on FES2014. Enhance of temporal frequency of ECMWF atmospheric forcing. Use of hourly data.

Table 1 Historical evolution of the IBI MFC NRT Forecast Operational System along the different MyOcean Projects and the CMEMS Service. Time coverage of each operational version used for the production of the IBI MFC NRT forecast products (i.e. IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001) as well as the main novelties introduced by the upgraded version are provided.

As it is shown in the Table, the most outstanding novelty introduced in the IBI-MFC NRT Forecast System at CMEMS March 2018 release (IBI-V4) consisted on the implementation of

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a new data assimilation scheme that generates regional IBI analysis on weekly basis, substituting the previous downscaling methodologies used (based on periodic re-initialization firstly and on spectral nudging technique methods after CMEMS IBI-V2 release).

IBI Data Assimilation Scheme

The data assimilation scheme relies on a reduced-order Kalman filter. It is based on the Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman Filter (SEEK) formulation introduced by Pham et al. (1998). This approach has been used for several years at Mercator Ocean. It has been implemented in different ocean model configurations with a 7-day assimilation window (e.g. Tranchant et al., 2008; Lellouche et al., 2013). In all these previous forecasting experiences, the forecast error covariance is based on the statistics of a collection of predefined 3-D ocean state anomalies. The anomalies are computed from a long numerical experiment (typically around 8 years) with respect to a running mean and they can provide an estimate of the 7-day scale errors on the ocean state at a given period of the year for Temperature (T), Salinity (S), zonal velocity (U), meridional velocity (V) and Sea-Surface-Height (SSH). More precisely, each temporal anomaly corresponds to the difference between the model

state and a running mean over a fixed time period window ranging from –τ to τ (Figure 4). It should also be noted that the analysis increment is a linear combination of these anomalies and depends on the innovation (observation minus model forecast equivalent as in Ide & al., 1997) and on the specified observation errors. This approach is similar to the Ensemble Optimal Interpolation developed by Oke et al. (2008). The last feature of the model forecast covariance is a localization technique which sets the covariances to zero beyond a distance defined as twice the local spatial correlation scale. Spatial (zonal and meridional directions) and temporal correlation scales (Figure 5) are then used to define an “influence bubble” around the analysis point in which data are also selected.

Figure 4: Schematic representation of the anomalies calculation along a model trajectory.

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Figure 5: “Influence Bubble” Definition: Temporal (in days), zonal and meridional (in km) correlation scales used in this IBI DA scheme. The SAM2 system is a sequential scheme. In the IBI system is used a 7-day assimilation cycle. The observations minus model forecasts are calculated during the model integration at the right location and at the right time. After each analysis, the data assimilation produces increments of sea surface height (SSH), temperature, salinity and velocity. All these increments are applied progressively in the hindcast run using the Incremental Analysis Update (IAU) method (e.g. Bloom at al. 1996; Benkiran et al. 2008). It avoids inducing a shock in the model after each analysis, because of imbalance between the analysis increment and the model physics.

Assimilated observations

Altimeter data, in situ temperature and salinity vertical profiles and satellite sea surface temperature are assimilated to estimate the initial conditions for numerical ocean forecasting. Altimeter data consist of along-track Sea Level Anomalies (SLA). Along each track of SLA, only one point in two is considered to avoid redundant information. Moreover, observations along tracks are smoothed by several altimetric corrections (Le Traon et al., 2001). A Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) is also used as a reference for SLA assimilation. This MDT is based on the “CNES-CLS13” MDT (Rio et al., 2014) with adjustments made using high resolution analyses, the last version of the GOCE geoid and an improved Post Glacial Rebound (also called Glacial Isostatic Adjustment). Temperature and salinity in situ vertical profiles from the CORA 4.1 database (Cabanes et al., 2013) has been assimilated for the hindcast calibration run of the system. Near real time satellite OSTIA SST is assimilated.

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Observation operator

The computation of innovation requires defining an observation operator to represent the model equivalent of the observation. In the present system, prognostic variables are interpolated on a quadrilateral grid, i.e., on the four canevas grid points surrounding the observation. The four weights are calculated with a bi-linear remapping interpolation. In the Near-Real-time system, the model sea level is filtered from the high frequency barotropic signal in a close manner than what is done in the altimetric data processing (e.g. Carrère at al. 2003; Dibarboure et al., 2011).

Adaptive tuning of observation error and implementation

To refine the prescription of observation errors, an adaptive tuning of observation errors for the SLA and SST has been implemented. The method has not been used for temperature and salinity vertical profiles because of the lack of in-situ data. Then, 3D fixed observation errors are used for the assimilation of in situ temperature and salinity vertical profiles. The adaptive tuning method consists in the computation of a ratio which is a function of observation errors, innovations and residuals. It helps correcting inconsistencies on the specified observation errors. Following Desroziers et al. (2005), this ratio can be expressed as:

Ideally, is equal to 1. When the ratio is lower (larger) than 1, it means that the observation error is overestimated (respectively, underestimated). The objective of this diagnostic is to improve the error specification by tuning an adaptive weight coefficient acting on the error of each assimilated observation. As a first guess of the method, the initial prescribed observation error matches the one used in the previous system (Lellouche at al., 2013) where the observation error variance was increased near the coast and on the shelves for the assimilation of SLA, and increased only near the coast (within 50 km of the coast) for the assimilation of SST.

BIAS Correction In addition to the assimilation scheme, a method of bias correction has been developed. This method is based on a 3-D-Var approach that considers cumulative innovations over the last 3-month period in order to estimate large-scale temperature and salinity biases when enough observations are available. The aim of the bias correction is to correct the large-scale, slowly evolving error of the model, whereas the SAM assimilation scheme is used to correct the smaller scales of the model forecast error.

The IBI system generates regional IBI analysis nested into the CMEMS GLOBAL analysis available. To this aim, the IBI analysis system is run on weekly basis, being Wednesdays the D0. The available (at D0) CMEMS GLOBAL analysis are of different quality, being the D0-14 to D0-7 analysis the best estimate from the CMEMS GLOBAL system. To take advantage of this

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second upgraded analysis available from the GLOBAL system, a second IBI analysis run is executed on Mondays to produce again the IBI solution for the D0-14 – D0-7 week. The outcomes from this second IBI analysis run compose what is delivered as historic IBI product.

From CMEMS March 2018 release (IBI-V4), historical time series of IBI best estimates are built initially for the week on-going by means of a daily concatenation of hindcast data generated by the daily forecast runs, used as temporary best estimate (and available on-line) only for a week, and being substituted on weekly basis (on Wednesdays) by the IBI analysis products, obtained from the analysis run covering the period D0 - D0-7. Finally, this same week period is re-run again, but this time producing regional analysis from an IBI model run nested into the best analysis from the CMEMS GLOBAL system. This final IBI hindcast re-run is performed on Mondays, when the CMEMS GLOBAL system delivery its best analysis, covering the D0-14 to D0-7 time period to be run. The resulting product from this latest IBI analysis run is what is kept as historical IBI best estimates (see Figure 6).

Figure 6: Conceptual scheme for generation of the IBI-PHY-FOR Product Catalogue after V2 CMS release. The historical time series of IBI best estimates will be weakly updated with IBI regional analysis generated by means of the IBI spectral nudged solution. Until the CMEMS March 2018 release (IBI-V4), the IBI MFC delivered to users hourly forecast data only for surface parameters. However, delivery of hourly IBI products for the whole water column has been a very extensive and recursive request from end-users, particularly

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from those operational users who nest local/coastal model applications into the CMEMS IBI to generate coastal downstream services. In order to meet the user request for higher temporal frequency IBI data along the whole water column, the IBI MFC has designed a new dataset consisting on hourly 3D physical forecast data covering all the shelf and coastal IBI areas (to be delivered to users from the CMEMS March 2018 release (IBI-V4), as part of the IBI product IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001). Generation of this new hourly 3D dataset for a so huge IBI geographical domain has been such a technical challenge. Indeed, it is worthy to mention that, due to the huge amount of information, it is currently unfeasible to provide a complete hourly 3D product that fully covers the actual IBI service domain. This technical constraint in the present IBI production capability, together with the fact that most of the IBI users are interested mainly on shelf and coastal areas, marked the definition of the IBI 3D hourly dataset (its geographical coverage is shown in Figure 7). Long time series of historical best estimates of this IBI 3D hourly dataset are not delivered (also due to the huge amount of data implicated), being only 5 days of forecast plus 7 days of hindcast delivered through the CMEMS catalog. Netcdf4 (with compression) is used in the files of this 3D hourly dataset.

Figure 7: Geographical coverage of the new IBI ocean forecast 3D hourly dataset displayed by the shadow area. Hourly forecasted fields (T, S, U and V) for the whole water column are provided in the region.

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In addition, two new datasets have been added to the IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 product at CMEMS July and December 2019 releases: the static files and the 15min datasets, respectively. Finally, it is important to notice that the last 2 years of long time series of historical best estimates are available on the catalogue, i.e. minus 2 years up to present time.

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III PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

III.1 General Information

Product Specification IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001

Geographical coverage 19°W 5°E ; 26°N 56°N Variables Temperature

Salinity Sea Surface Height Horizontal velocity (zonal and meridional components) Mix Layer Depth Sea Bottom Temperature Barotropic velocities (zonal and meridional components).

Analysis From CMEMS March 2018 release (IBI-V4) release, the IBI-MFC system has a new data assimilation scheme that generates regional IBI analysis on weekly basis, substituting the previous methodology used (based on spectral nudging technique). Altimeter data (along-track Sea Level Anomalies), in situ temperature and salinity vertical profiles (CORA 4.1 database), and satellite sea surface temperature (OSTIA) are assimilated.

Forecast Yes Available time series Last 2 years of timeseries up to present time. Temporal resolution Daily (25hr averaged) 3D fields.

Hourly data for surface fields Monthly 3D fields. Hourly 3D data, covering the coastal and shelf IBI regions. High frequency (15 minutes) data for sea level and surface currents.

Target delivery time 5-day Forecast bulletin daily available @14:00UTC Delivery mechanism CMEMS Information Systems: SubSetter, FTP and DirectGetFile Horizontal resolution 1/36º Number of vertical levels

50

Format Netcdf CF1.0 Table 2 IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 Product Specification

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III.2 Details of datasets

Product IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 contains 6 different datasets: 1) dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-daily 2) dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-hourly 3) dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-monthly 4) dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-hourly3d 5) dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-statics 6) dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-15min The first three datasets offer information for the whole IBI service domain and provide 3D daily averaged fields, surface hourly averaged fields and 3D monthly averaged fields, respectively. These datasets are composed of post-processed data into a regular 1/36º lat/lon grid that goes from 26.0N to 56.0N in latitude and 19.0W to 5.0E. Latitude and longitude step is 0.02778 deg, and the resulting horizontal grid extends to 1081 x 865 gridpoints. Information from all variables contained in these datasets is provided at same gridpoints. From CMEMS March 2018 release (IBI-V4), the IBI ocean forecast product includes an extra dataset with 3D hourly fields over the whole water column, but covering only the shelf and coastal IBI areas. That means the IBI 3D hourly data files provide the whole IBI grid, but in this case, only the gridpoints inside the shadow area (shown in Figure 7) has information, whereas the gridpoints out of this subregion are set to missing value. The grid of the 3D hourly dataset is identical to the one of the previous three datasets, that is, same dimension limits, resulting number of gridpoints, maximum depth and number of vertical levels. From CMEMS July and December 2019 releases (IBI-V4), two new datasets have been added to the aforementioned ones: the static files dataset, used for the generation of this IBI-MFC product, and the 15min dataset, with high frequency data of sea level and surface currents, respectively. Table 3 shows the variables included in each dataset. IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001

DATASETS VARIABLES AND UNIT

VAR NAME IN NETCDF FILE

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-daily

Temperature [ºC] Salinity [PSU] Zonal Velocity [m/s] Meridional Velocity [m/s] Sea Surface Height [m] Mix Layer Depth [m] Sea Bottom Temperature [ºC]

thetao so uo vo zos mlotst bottomT

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dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-hourly

Temperature [ºC] Zonal Velocity [m/s] Meridional Velocity [m/s] Zonal Barotropic velocity [m/s] Meridional Barotropic velocity [m/s] Sea Surface Height [m] Mix Layer Depth [m]

thetao uo vo ubar vbar zos mlotst

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-monthly

Temperature [ºC] Salinity [PSU] Zonal Velocity [m/s] Meridional Velocity [m/s] Sea Surface Height [m] Mix Layer Depth [m] Sea Bottom Temperature [ºC]

thetao so uo vo zos mlotst bottomT

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-hourly3d

Temperature [ºC] Salinity [PSU] Zonal Velocity [m/s] Meridional Velocity [m/s]

thetao so uo vo

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-statics

Land-sea mask: 1 = sea ; 0 = land [1] Land-sea mask: 1 = sea ; 0 = land [1] Land-sea mask: 1 = sea ; 0 = land [1] Bathymetry [m]

mask_thetao mask_uo mask_vo deptho

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-15min

Sea Surface Height [m] Zonal Velocity [m/s] Meridional Velocity [m/s]

zos uo vo

Table 3 IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 Product: List of datasets (column 1), variables contains in each dataset (column 2) and their names in the NetCDF files (column 3).

III.3 Details of variables and units

VARIABLES UNITS NAME OF VARIABLES IN NETCDF FILE Temperature ºC sea_water_potential_temperature Salinity PSU sea_water_salinity Zonal Velocity ms-1 eastward_sea_water_velocity

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Meridional Velocity ms-1 northward_sea_water_velocity Sea Surface Height m sea_surface_height_above_geoid Zonal Barotropic velocity ms-1 barotropic_eastward_sea_water_velocity Meridional Barotropic velocity ms-1

barotropic_northward_sea_water_velocity Mix Layer Depth m ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_theta Sea Bottom Temperature ºC sea_water_potential_temperature_at_sea_floor Land-sea mask: 1 = sea ; 0 = land

1 sea_binary_mask

Bathymetry m sea_floor_depth_below_geoid

Table 4 IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 Product: list of variables (units and standard names)

III.4 Grid characteristics and geographical Projection

As it was stated in the dataset description, The IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 products are provided in a regular Projection (with constant longitude and latitude step) standard grid with a 1/36º (2Km) resolution both in latitude and longitude. Thus, hourly and daily averages data are post-processed into a regular 1/36º lat/lon grid that goes from 26.0N to 56.0N in latitude and 19.0W to 5.0E. Latitude and longitude step is: 0.02778f. The resulting horizontal grid extends to 1081x865 gridpoints. Information from all the variables contained in the datasets is provided at same gridpoints. However, the IBI information is originally generated by the NEMO model in a native grid (also 1/36º resolution), which is a staggered Arakawa-C grid (see Figure 8).

Figure 8: The staggered Arakawa C-grid used by IBI-MFC numerical models. The Temperature, Salinity, Sea Level Height and Biogeochemical Variables are centred in the T point of the grid, instead the Zonal Velocity is centred in u point while the Meridional Velocity in the v point. The Zonal Velocity and the Meridional Velocity are released in the same dataset even if they have a different lat/lon grid. This IBI model grid is a refined (at 1/36º) subset of the 1/12° ORCA tripolar grid used by the CMEMS GLOBAL system (the parent system that provides initial and lateral boundary conditions to the regional IBI system). The IBI model outputs, originally generated in this staggered ORCA grid are postprocesed in order to be delivered to users in the aforementioned regular lon/lat standard grid.

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III.5 Domain coverage

Figure 9 represents the spatial coverage of the IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 product and the geographical subregion where the new IBI ocean forecast 3D hourly dataset is delivered. Figure 10 illustrates the standard projection grid type used to provide them.

Figure 9: (Left Panel) Spatial domain of the IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001_b product (daily 3D and surface hourly datasets). (Right Panel) Geographical subregion (shadowed) where IBI 3D hourly dataset is delivered. Regular Projection: longitude and latitude step is constant

Figure 10: Standard projection used to provide IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001

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III.6 Vertical Levels

IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 product is served on 50 unevenly spaced vertical levels covering the whole column (from 5800-meter depth to the surface). The thickness of the layers is around 1 meter resolution near the surface, and up to 400 meters at the bottom surface. All the 50 levels IBI data are released.

III.7 Update Time

IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 products: the 5-day forecast fields are daily updated @ 14.00UTC.

III.8 Temporal extend of analysis and forecast stored on delivery mechanism

The IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 product is daily generated and made available on a daily-update basis. Each IBI Forecast Cycle produces, at day D, 6 days of ocean information: 5 days of forecast (until D+5d) plus an extra day of hindcast (going back till D-1d). These daily updated hindcast data are delivered as temporary IBI best estimates, being substituted on weekly basis by the IBI analysis, which is kept as final IBI best estimates, making up the historic IBI time series The last forecast bulletin is daily updated, being available together with the historic best estimates generated from the 1st January 2016. As it was already described in Section II.2, due to the huge amount of data, the new IBI 3D hourly dataset is delivered through the catalog only for a window of 7 days of hindcast plus 5 days of forecast. Long time series of historical best estimates of these datasets are not delivered. In case of the new 15min dataset, the historic best estimates will be generated since the date of the CMEMS December 2019 release.

III.9 Other information: mean centre of Products, land mask value, missing value

Daily products from IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001, are daily averaged through a 25-hr mean to avoid aliasing with tidal daily harmonics, and are centered at 12:00 am. On the other hand, hourly products are generated through an hourly mean, and its values are centered at XX:30min. The monthly products are centered in the middle of the month. Finally, the high frequency (15 minutes) products are calculated on a 15 minutes mean, being centered at XX:07:30, XX:22:30, XX:37:30 and XX:52:30. Land values are treated as missing value.

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IV PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION: HOW TO DOWNLOAD A PRODUCT?

IV.1 Which Download mechanism is available for this product?

The CMEMS User Interfaces available to download any datasets from this IBI forecast product are:

DirectGetFile FTP Subsetter

IV.2 How to Download this product?

You first need to register. Please find the registration steps on our website:

http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/34-products-and-services-faq.php

Once registered, the CMEMS FAQ http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/34-products-and-services-faq.php will guide you on how to download a product through the CMEMS Web Portal Subsetter, DirectGetfile and FTP Services.

IV.3 How to write and run a script to download this product?

FAQ#4 (http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/34-products-and-services-faq.php) will guide you on how to proceed.

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V FILE NOMENCLATURE AND FORMAT

The file naming of the downloaded files differs because of the chosen download mechanism (i.e. FTP, Subsetter or Directgetfile services). All the datasets can be downloaded through the three download mechanisms, except the dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-statics dataset, only available through the FTP User Interface.

V.1 Nomenclature of files when downloaded through the Subsetter Service

IBI-PUERTOS IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 files nomenclature when downloaded through the CMEMS Web Portal Subsetter is based on product dataset name and a numerical reference related to the request date on the CIS. The scheme is: {datasetname}_nnnnnnnnnnnnn.nc where:

datasetname is a character string within one of the following:

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-hourly

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-daily

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-monthly

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-hourly3d dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-15min

nnnnnnnnnnnnn: 13-digit integer corresponding to the current time (download time) in milliseconds since January 1, 1970 midnight UTC.

nc: standard NetCDF filename extension.

Examples:

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-hourly_1513874793741.nc

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-daily_1513874867912.nc

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-monthly_1513874925039.nc

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-hourly3d_1513874987948.nc

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-15min_1513874992365.nc

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V.2 Nomenclature of files when downloaded through the Directgetfile Service

IBI-PUERTOS IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 files nomenclature when downloaded through the CMEMS Web Portal Directgetfile (DGF) is based as follows: When downloading a request of different days through DGF, one obtains the following zip file: {datasetname}_{nnnnnnnnnnnnn}.zip

datasetname is a character string within one of the following:

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001_hourly

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001_daily

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001_monthly

dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001_hourly3d dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001_15min

nnnnnnnnnnnnn: 13-digit integer corresponding to the current time (download time) in milliseconds since January 1, 1970 midnight UTC.

zip: standard compressed zip filename extension.

Examples for one downloading of IBI forecast files corresponding to two days of data from hourly, daily, hourly3d and 15min datasets, and two months of data for the monthly dataset: dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001_hourly_151394682936.zip dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001_daily_1513946829384.zip dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001_monthly_1513947531714.zip dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001_hourly3d_1513948076893.zip dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001_15min_1513949214234.zip The zip file contains a netCDF file for every day requested: CMEMS_{fileVersion}_{region}_PHY_NRT_PdE_{freqFlag}_{validDate}_{valiDate}_R{bulletinDate}_{productType}.nc E.g.: From the hourly dataset request, in the zip file we have the following two files: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav_20150101_20150101_R20150107_HC02.nc CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav_20150102_20150102_R20150107_HC03.nc E.g.: From the daily dataset request, in the zip file we have the following two files: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01dav_20150101_20150101_R20150107_HC02.nc CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01dav_20150102_20150102_R20150107_HC03.nc E.g.: From the monthly dataset request, in the zip file we have the following two files: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01mav_20100101_20100131_R20100131_HC01.nc CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01mav_20100201_20100228_R20100228_HC01.nc E.g.: From the hourly3d dataset request, in the zip file we have the following two files: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav3D_20170420_20170420_R20170421_HC01.nc CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav3D_20170421_20170421_R20170421_FC01.nc E.g.: From the 15min dataset request, in the zip file we have the following two files: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_15minav_20170420_20170420_R20170421_HC01.nc

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CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_15minav_20170421_20170421_R20170421_FC01.nc Where: • region is a three-letter code for the region, IBI in this case. • fileVersion is vxry, where x, y are the version and release number, respectively • freqFlag is the frequency of data values in the file (01hav = hourly averaged, 01dav = daily averaged, 01mav = monthly averaged, 01hav3D = 3D data hourly averaged, 15minav= 15 minutes averaged). • validDate YYYYMMDD is the valid date of the fields contained in the file. For the monthly dataset, this field is the initial and final date of the month. • bulletinDate RYYYYMMDD is the bulletin date, i.e.: data production date • productType is a two-letter code for the product type, in this case, HC01 for hindcast.

V.3 Nomenclature of files when downloaded through the FTP Service

IBI-PUERTOS IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 files nomenclature when downloaded through the CMEMS Web Portal FTP is based as follows: When downloading a request of a file through FTP, one obtains the following file name: CMEMS_{fileVersion}_{region}_PHY_NRT_PdE_{freqFlag}_{validDate}_{valiDate}_R{bulletinDate}_{productType}.nc Where: • region is a three-letter code for the region, IBI in this case. • fileVersion is vxry, where x, y are the version and release number, respectively • freqFlag is the frequency of data values in the file (01hav = hourly averaged, 01dav = daily averaged, 01mav = monthly averaged, 01hav3D = 3D data hourly averaged, 15minav= 15 minutes averaged). • validDate YYYYMMDD is the valid date of the fields contained in the file. For the monthly dataset, this field is the initial and final date of the month. • bulletinDate RYYYYMMDD is the bulletin date, i.e.: data production date • productType is a two-letter code for the product type, in this case, HC01 for hindcast. Examples: From the hourly dataset request, we have the following file CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav_20151230_20151230_R20160106_HC01.nc From the daily dataset request we have the following file: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01dav_20151230_20151230_R20160106_HC01.nc From the monthly dataset request we have the following file: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01mav_20130601_20130630_R20130630_HC01.nc From the hourly3d dataset request we have the following file: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav3D_20170420_20170420_R20170421_HC01.nc From the 15min dataset request we have the following file: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_15minav_20170420_20170420_R20170421_HC01.nc

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V.4 Land mask and missing values

Land values are treated as missing value.

V.5 File Format: Netcdf

The products are stored using the NetCDF-CF format version 3.0, except for the file of the 3D hourly and 15min datasets, which are produced in NetCDF-4 (using some compression). NetCDF (network Common Data Form) is an interface for array-oriented data access and a library that provides an implementation of the interface. The netCDF library also defines a machine-independent format for representing scientific data. Together, the interface, library, and format support the creation, access, and sharing of scientific data. The netCDF software was developed at the Unidata Program Center in Boulder, Colorado. The netCDF libraries define a machine-independent format for representing scientific data. Please see Unidata netCDF pages for more information, and to retrieve netCDF software package. NetCDF data is:

Self-Describing. A netCDF file includes information about the data it contains. Architecture-independent. A netCDF file is represented in a form that can be

accessed by computers with different ways of storing integers, characters, and floating-point numbers.

Direct-access. A small subset of a large dataset may be accessed efficiently, without first reading through all the preceding data.

Appendable. Data can be appended to a netCDF dataset along one dimension without copying the dataset or redefining its structure. The structure of a netCDF dataset can be changed, though this sometimes causes the dataset to be copied.

Sharable. One writer and multiple readers may simultaneously access the same netCDF file.

V.6 Structure and semantic of NetCDF maps files

Examples of structure and header of IBI-PUERTOS IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001 file downloaded through DGF or FTP User interfaces.

HOURLY data from dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-hourly: Through FTP users get directly the files. For instance, a file of hourly data to be download would be: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav_20151230_20151230_R20160106_HC01.nc However, through DGF users get a zip file with netCDF files inside, each one corresponding to each specific day requested. dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001_hourly_1513947353436.zip CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav_20151230_20151230_R20160106_HC01.nc Example of netCDF map file for hourly product (download through DGF or FTP):

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netcdf CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav_20151230_20151230_R20160106_HC01 { dimensions: latitude = 1081 ; longitude = 865 ; time = 24 ; variables: float latitude(latitude) ; latitude:standard_name = "latitude" ; latitude:long_name = "Latitude" ; latitude:units = "degrees_north" ; latitude:axis = "Y" ; latitude:unit_long = "Degrees North" ; latitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; latitude:valid_max = 56.00092f ; latitude:valid_min = 26.f ; latitude:_CoordinateAxisType = "Lat" ; float longitude(longitude) ; longitude:standard_name = "longitude" ; longitude:long_name = "Longitude" ; longitude:units = "degrees_east" ; longitude:axis = "X" ; longitude:unit_long = "Degrees East" ; longitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; longitude:valid_max = 5.000736f ; longitude:valid_min = -19.f ; longitude:_CoordinateAxisType = "Lon" ; short mlotst(time, latitude, longitude) ; mlotst:standard_name = "ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_theta" ; mlotst:long_name = "Ocean mixed layer thickness defined by density" ; mlotst:units = "m" ; mlotst:add_offset = 500.f ; mlotst:scale_factor = 0.1f ; mlotst:_FillValue = -32767s ; mlotst:unit_long = "Meters" ; mlotst:valid_max = 4000.f ; mlotst:valid_min = 0.f ; short thetao(time, latitude, longitude) ; thetao:standard_name = "sea_water_potential_temperature" ; thetao:long_name = "Temperature" ; thetao:units = "degrees_C" ; thetao:add_offset = 10.f ; thetao:scale_factor = 0.001f ; thetao:_FillValue = -32767s ; thetao:unit_long = "degrees_C" ; thetao:valid_max = 32.f ; thetao:valid_min = -2.f ; float time(time) ; time:axis = "T" ; time:calendar = "gregorian" ; time:standard_name = "time" ; time:units = "hours since 1950-01-01 00:00:00" ; time:long_name = "time" ; time:valid_min = 578496.5f ; time:valid_max = 578520.5f ; time:_CoordinateAxisType = "Time" ; short ubar(time, latitude, longitude) ; ubar:standard_name = "barotropic_eastward_sea_water_velocity" ; ubar:long_name = "zonal barotropic velocity" ; ubar:units = "m s-1" ;

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ubar:add_offset = 0.f ; ubar:scale_factor = 0.001f ; ubar:_FillValue = -32767s ; ubar:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; ubar:valid_max = 3.f ; ubar:valid_min = -3.f ; short uo(time, latitude, longitude) ; uo:standard_name = "eastward_sea_water_velocity" ; uo:long_name = "Eastward velocity" ; uo:units = "m s-1" ; uo:add_offset = 0.f ; uo:scale_factor = 0.001f ; uo:_FillValue = -32767s ; uo:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; uo:valid_max = 3.f ; uo:valid_min = -3.f ; short vbar(time, latitude, longitude) ; vbar:standard_name = "barotropic_northward_sea_water_velocity" ; vbar:long_name = "meridional barotropic velocity" ; vbar:units = "m s-1" ; vbar:add_offset = 0.f ; vbar:scale_factor = 0.001f ; vbar:_FillValue = -32767s ; vbar:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; vbar:valid_max = 3.f ; vbar:valid_min = -3.f ; short vo(time, latitude, longitude) ; vo:standard_name = "northward_sea_water_velocity" ; vo:long_name = "Northward velocity" ; vo:units = "m s-1" ; vo:add_offset = 0.f ; vo:scale_factor = 0.001f ; vo:_FillValue = -32767s ; vo:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; vo:valid_max = 3.f ; vo:valid_min = -3.f ; short zos(time, latitude, longitude) ; zos:standard_name = "sea_surface_height_above_geoid" ; zos:long_name = "Sea surface height" ; zos:units = "m" ; zos:add_offset = 0.f ; zos:scale_factor = 0.001f ; zos:_FillValue = -32767s ; zos:unit_long = "Meters" ; zos:valid_max = 10.f ; zos:valid_min = -10.f ; // global attributes: :CDI = "Climate Data Interface version 1.7.0 (http://mpimet.mpg.de/cdi)" ; :Conventions = "CF-1.0" ; :source = "IBI-MFC (PdE Production Center)" ; :institution = "Puertos del Estado (PdE)" ; :nco_openmp_thread_number = 1 ; :title = "Ocean surface hourly mean fields for the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland (IBI) region" ; :easting = "longitude" ; :northing = "latitude" ; :references = "http://marine.copernicus.eu/" ; :domain_name = "IBI36" ; :field_type = "mean" ; :field_date = "20151230" ;

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:field_julian_date = "24104.f" ; :comment = "Class1 metrics" ; :julian_day_unit = "Hours since 1950-01-01 00:00:00" ; :forecast_range = "01-day_hindcast" ; :forecast_type = "hindcast" ; :bulletin_date = "2016-01-06" ; :bulletin_type = "Operational" ; :longitude_min = "-19.0f" ; :longitude_max = "5.000736f" ; :latitude_min = "26.0f" ; :latitude_max = "56.00092f" ; :z_min = "0.494025f" ; :z_max = "0.494025f" ; :contact = "mailto: [email protected]" ; :netcdf_version_id = "4.4.3" ; :CDO = "Climate Data Operators version 1.7.0 (http://mpimet.mpg.de/cdo)" ; :NCO = "4.4.4" ; }

DAILY data from dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-daily: Through FTP users get directly the files. For instance, a file of daily data to be download would be: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01dav_20151230_20151230_R20160106_HC01 However, through DGF users get a zip file with netCDF files inside, each one corresponding to each specific day requested. dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-daily_1484135407703.zip CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01dav_20151230_20151230_R20160106_HC01 Example of netCDF map file for daily product (download through DGF or FTP):

netcdf CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01dav_20151230_20151230_R20160106_HC01 { dimensions: time = 1 ; latitude = 1081 ; longitude = 865 ; depth = 50 ; variables: short bottomT(time, latitude, longitude) ; bottomT:standard_name = "sea_water_potential_temperature_at_sea_floor" ; bottomT:long_name = "Sea floor potential temperature" ; bottomT:units = "degrees_C" ; bottomT:add_offset = 10.f ; bottomT:scale_factor = 0.001f ; bottomT:_FillValue = -32767s ; bottomT:unit_long = "degrees_C" ; bottomT:valid_max = 32.f ; bottomT:valid_min = -2.f ; float depth(depth) ; depth:long_name = "Depth" ; depth:units = "m" ; depth:axis = "Z" ; depth:valid_min = 0.4940254f ; depth:valid_max = 5727.917f ; depth:positive = "down" ; depth:unit_long = "Meters" ; depth:standard_name = "depth" ;

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depth:_CoordinateAxisType = "Height" ; depth:_CoordinateZisPositive = "down" ; float latitude(latitude) ; latitude:standard_name = "latitude" ; latitude:long_name = "Latitude" ; latitude:units = "degrees_north" ; latitude:axis = "Y" ; latitude:unit_long = "Degrees North" ; latitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; latitude:valid_max = 56.00092f ; latitude:valid_min = 26.f ; latitude:_CoordinateAxisType = "Lat" ; float longitude(longitude) ; longitude:standard_name = "longitude" ; longitude:long_name = "Longitude" ; longitude:units = "degrees_east" ; longitude:axis = "X" ; longitude:unit_long = "Degrees East" ; longitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; longitude:valid_max = 5.000736f ; longitude:valid_min = -19.f ; longitude:_CoordinateAxisType = "Lon" ; short mlotst(time, latitude, longitude) ; mlotst:standard_name = "ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_theta" ; mlotst:long_name = "Ocean mixed layer thickness defined by density" ; mlotst:units = "m" ; mlotst:add_offset = 500.f ; mlotst:scale_factor = 0.1f ; mlotst:_FillValue = -32767s ; mlotst:unit_long = "Meters" ; mlotst:valid_max = 4000.f ; mlotst:valid_min = 0.f ; short so(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; so:standard_name = "sea_water_salinity" ; so:long_name = "Salinity" ; so:units = "1e-3" ; so:add_offset = 20.f ; so:scale_factor = 0.001f ; so:_FillValue = -32767s ; so:unit_long = "Practical Salinity Unit" ; so:valid_max = 40.f ; so:valid_min = 0.f ; short thetao(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; thetao:standard_name = "sea_water_potential_temperature" ; thetao:long_name = "Temperature" ; thetao:units = "degrees_C" ; thetao:add_offset = 10.f ; thetao:scale_factor = 0.001f ; thetao:_FillValue = -32767s ; thetao:unit_long = "degrees_C" ; thetao:valid_max = 32.f ; thetao:valid_min = -2.f ; float time(time) ; time:axis = "T" ; time:calendar = "gregorian" ; time:standard_name = "time" ; time:units = "hours since 1950-01-01 00:00:00" ; time:long_name = "time" ; time:valid_min = 578496.f ; time:valid_max = 578496.f ;

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time:_CoordinateAxisType = "Time" ; short uo(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; uo:standard_name = "eastward_sea_water_velocity" ; uo:long_name = "Eastward velocity" ; uo:units = "m s-1" ; uo:add_offset = 0.f ; uo:scale_factor = 0.001f ; uo:_FillValue = -32767s ; uo:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; uo:valid_max = 3.f ; uo:valid_min = -3.f ; short vo(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; vo:standard_name = "northward_sea_water_velocity" ; vo:long_name = "Northward velocity" ; vo:units = "m s-1" ; vo:add_offset = 0.f ; vo:scale_factor = 0.001f ; vo:_FillValue = -32767s ; vo:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; vo:valid_max = 3.f ; vo:valid_min = -3.f ; short zos(time, latitude, longitude) ; zos:standard_name = "sea_surface_height_above_geoid" ; zos:long_name = "Sea surface height" ; zos:units = "m" ; zos:add_offset = 0.f ; zos:scale_factor = 0.001f ; zos:_FillValue = -32767s ; zos:unit_long = "Meters" ; zos:valid_max = 10.f ; zos:valid_min = -10.f ; // global attributes: :CDI = "Climate Data Interface version 1.7.0 (http://mpimet.mpg.de/cdi)" ; :Conventions = "CF-1.0" ; :source = "IBI-MFC (PdE Production Center)" ; :institution = "Puertos del Estado (PdE)" ; :nco_openmp_thread_number = 1 ; :title = "Ocean 3D daily mean fields for the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland (IBI) region" ; :easting = "longitude" ; :northing = "latitude" ; :references = "http://marine.copernicus.eu/" ; :domain_name = "IBI36" ; :field_type = "mean" ; :field_date = "20151230" ; :field_julian_date = "24104.f" ; :comment = "Class1 metrics" ; :julian_day_unit = "Hours since 1950-01-01 00:00:00" ; :forecast_range = "01-day_hindcast" ; :forecast_type = "hindcast" ; :bulletin_date = "2016-01-06" ; :bulletin_type = "Operational" ; :longitude_min = "-19.0f" ; :longitude_max = "5.000736f" ; :latitude_min = "26.0f" ; :latitude_max = "56.00092f" ; :z_min = "0.494025f" ; :z_max = "5727.917f" ; :contact = "mailto: [email protected]" ; :netcdf_version_id = "4.4.3" ;

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:CDO = "Climate Data Operators version 1.7.0 (http://mpimet.mpg.de/cdo)" ; :NCO = "4.4.4" ; }

MONTHLY data from dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-monthly:

Through FTP users get directly the files. For instance, a file of daily data to be download would be: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01mav_20130601_20130630_R20130630_HC01.nc However, through DGF users get a zip file with netCDF files inside, each one corresponding to each specific day requested. dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-monthly_1484135407703.zip CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01mav_20130601_20130630_R20130630_HC01.nc Example of netCDF map file for monthly product (download through DGF or FTP): netcdf CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01mav_20130601_20130630_R20130630_HC01 { dimensions: time = 1 ; latitude = 1081 ; longitude = 865 ; depth = 50 ; variables: short bottomT(time, latitude, longitude) ; bottomT:standard_name = "sea_water_potential_temperature_at_sea_floor" ; bottomT:long_name = "Sea floor potential temperature" ; bottomT:units = "degrees_C" ; bottomT:add_offset = 10.f ; bottomT:scale_factor = 0.001f ; bottomT:_FillValue = -32767s ; bottomT:unit_long = "degrees_C" ; bottomT:valid_max = 32.f ; bottomT:valid_min = -2.f ; float depth(depth) ; depth:long_name = "Depth" ; depth:units = "m" ; depth:axis = "Z" ; depth:valid_min = 0.4940254f ; depth:valid_max = 5727.917f ; depth:positive = "down" ; depth:unit_long = "Meters" ; depth:standard_name = "depth" ; depth:_CoordinateAxisType = "Height" ; depth:_CoordinateZisPositive = "down" ; float latitude(latitude) ; latitude:standard_name = "latitude" ; latitude:long_name = "Latitude" ; latitude:units = "degrees_north" ; latitude:axis = "Y" ; latitude:unit_long = "Degrees North" ; latitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; latitude:valid_max = 56.00092f ; latitude:valid_min = 26.f ; latitude:_CoordinateAxisType = "Lat" ; float longitude(longitude) ; longitude:standard_name = "longitude" ; longitude:long_name = "Longitude" ;

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longitude:units = "degrees_east" ; longitude:axis = "X" ; longitude:unit_long = "Degrees East" ; longitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; longitude:valid_max = 5.000736f ; longitude:valid_min = -19.f ; longitude:_CoordinateAxisType = "Lon" ; short mlotst(time, latitude, longitude) ; mlotst:standard_name = "ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_theta" ; mlotst:long_name = "Ocean mixed layer thickness defined by density" ; mlotst:units = "m" ; mlotst:add_offset = 500.f ; mlotst:scale_factor = 0.1f ; mlotst:_FillValue = -32767s ; mlotst:unit_long = "Meters" ; mlotst:valid_max = 4000.f ; mlotst:valid_min = 0.f ; short so(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; so:standard_name = "sea_water_salinity" ; so:long_name = "Salinity" ; so:units = "1e-3" ; so:add_offset = 20.f ; so:scale_factor = 0.001f ; so:_FillValue = -32767s ; so:unit_long = "Practical Salinity Unit" ; so:valid_max = 40.f ; so:valid_min = 0.f ; short thetao(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; thetao:standard_name = "sea_water_potential_temperature" ; thetao:long_name = "Temperature" ; thetao:units = "degrees_C" ; thetao:add_offset = 10.f ; thetao:scale_factor = 0.001f ; thetao:_FillValue = -32767s ; thetao:unit_long = "degrees_C" ; thetao:valid_max = 32.f ; thetao:valid_min = -2.f ; float time(time) ; time:axis = "T" ; time:calendar = "gregorian" ; time:standard_name = "time" ; time:units = "hours since 1950-01-01 00:00:00" ; time:long_name = "time" ; time:valid_min = 556248.f ; time:valid_max = 556248.f ; time:_CoordinateAxisType = "Time" ; short uo(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; uo:standard_name = "eastward_sea_water_velocity" ; uo:long_name = "Eastward velocity" ; uo:units = "m s-1" ; uo:add_offset = 0.f ; uo:scale_factor = 0.001f ; uo:_FillValue = -32767s ; uo:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; uo:valid_max = 3.f ; uo:valid_min = -3.f ; short vo(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; vo:standard_name = "northward_sea_water_velocity" ; vo:long_name = "Northward velocity" ; vo:units = "m s-1" ;

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vo:add_offset = 0.f ; vo:scale_factor = 0.001f ; vo:_FillValue = -32767s ; vo:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; vo:valid_max = 3.f ; vo:valid_min = -3.f ; short zos(time, latitude, longitude) ; zos:standard_name = "sea_surface_height_above_geoid" ; zos:long_name = "Sea surface height" ; zos:units = "m" ; zos:add_offset = 0.f ; zos:scale_factor = 0.001f ; zos:_FillValue = -32767s ; zos:unit_long = "Meters" ; zos:valid_max = 10.f ; zos:valid_min = -10.f ; // global attributes: :CDI = "Climate Data Interface version 1.7.0 (http://mpimet.mpg.de/cdi)" ; :Conventions = "CF-1.0" ; :source = "IBI-MFC (PdE Production Center)" ; :institution = "Puertos del Estado (PdE)" ; :nco_openmp_thread_number = 1 ; :title = "Ocean 3D monthly mean fields for the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland (IBI) region" ; :easting = "longitude" ; :northing = "latitude" ; :references = "http://marine.copernicus.eu/" ; :domain_name = "IBI36" ; :field_type = "mean" ; :field_date = "20130616" ; :field_julian_date = "23177.f" ; :comment = "Class1 metrics" ; :julian_day_unit = "Hours since 1950-01-01 00:00:00" ; :forecast_range = "01-day_hindcast" ; :forecast_type = "hindcast" ; :bulletin_date = "2013-06-30" ; :bulletin_type = "Operational" ; :longitude_min = "-19.0f" ; :longitude_max = "5.000736f" ; :latitude_min = "26.0f" ; :latitude_max = "56.00092f" ; :z_min = "0.494025f" ; :z_max = "5727.917f" ; :contact = "mailto: [email protected]" ; :netcdf_version_id = "4.4.3" ; :CDO = "Climate Data Operators version 1.7.0 (http://mpimet.mpg.de/cdo)" ; :NCO = "4.4.4" ; }

HOURLY3D data from dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-hourly3d: Through FTP users get directly the files. For instance, a file of daily data to be download would be: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav3D_20170420_20170420_R20170421_HC01.nc However, through DGF users get a zip file with netCDF files inside, each one corresponding to each specific day requested.

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dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-monthly_1484135407703.zip CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav3D_20170420_20170420_R20170421_HC01.nc

Example of netCDF map file for monthly product (download through DGF or FTP): netcdf CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_01hav3D_20170420_20170420_R20170421_HC01 { dimensions: time = UNLIMITED ; // (24 currently) longitude = 834 ; latitude = 1014 ; depth = 49 ; variables: float time(time) ; time:axis = "T" ; time:long_name = "time" ; time:calendar = "gregorian" ; time:standard_name = "time" ; time:units = "hours since 1950-01-01 00:00:00" ; time:valid_min = 589944.5f ; time:valid_max = 589968.5f ; time:_CoordinateAxisType = "Time" ; float longitude(longitude) ; longitude:standard_name = "longitude" ; longitude:long_name = "Longitude" ; longitude:units = "degrees_east" ; longitude:axis = "X" ; longitude:unit_long = "Degrees East" ; longitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; longitude:valid_max = 4.750729f ; longitude:valid_min = -18.38887f ; longitude:_CoordinateAxisType = "Lon" ; float latitude(latitude) ; latitude:standard_name = "latitude" ; latitude:long_name = "Latitude" ; latitude:units = "degrees_north" ; latitude:axis = "Y" ; latitude:unit_long = "Degrees North" ; latitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; latitude:valid_max = 55.61202f ; latitude:valid_min = 27.47227f ; latitude:_CoordinateAxisType = "Lat" ; float depth(depth) ; depth:standard_name = "depth" ; depth:long_name = "Depth" ; depth:units = "m" ; depth:axis = "Z" ; depth:positive = "down" ; depth:valid_min = 0.4940254f ; depth:valid_max = 5274.784f ; depth:unit_long = "Meters" ; depth:_CoordinateAxisType = "Height" ; depth:_CoordinateZisPositive = "down" ; short so(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; so:standard_name = "sea_water_salinity" ; so:long_name = "Salinity" ; so:units = "1e-3" ; so:add_offset = 20.f ;

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so:scale_factor = 0.001f ; so:_FillValue = -32767s ; so:unit_long = "Practical Salinity Unit" ; so:valid_max = 40.f ; so:valid_min = 0.f ; short thetao(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; thetao:standard_name = "sea_water_potential_temperature" ; thetao:long_name = "Temperature" ; thetao:units = "degrees_C" ; thetao:add_offset = 10.f ; thetao:scale_factor = 0.001f ; thetao:_FillValue = -32767s ; thetao:unit_long = "degrees_C" ; thetao:valid_max = 32.f ; thetao:valid_min = -2.f ; short uo(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; uo:standard_name = "eastward_sea_water_velocity" ; uo:long_name = "Eastward velocity" ; uo:units = "m s-1" ; uo:add_offset = 0.f ; uo:scale_factor = 0.001f ; uo:_FillValue = -32767s ; uo:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; uo:valid_max = 3.f ; uo:valid_min = -3.f ; short vo(time, depth, latitude, longitude) ; vo:standard_name = "northward_sea_water_velocity" ; vo:long_name = "Northward velocity" ; vo:units = "m s-1" ; vo:add_offset = 0.f ; vo:scale_factor = 0.001f ; vo:_FillValue = -32767s ; vo:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; vo:valid_max = 3.f ; vo:valid_min = -3.f ; // global attributes: :CDI = "Climate Data Interface version 1.7.0 (http://mpimet.mpg.de/cdi)" ; :source = "IBI-MFC (PdE Production Center)" ; :institution = "Puertos del Estado (PdE)" ; :Conventions = "CF-1.0" ; :nco_openmp_thread_number = 1 ; :title = "Ocean 3D IBI hourly mean fields" ; :easting = "longitude" ; :northing = "latitude" ; :references = "http://marine.copernicus.eu/" ; :domain_name = "IBI36" ; :field_type = "mean" ; :comment = "Class1 metrics" ; :julian_day_unit = "Hours since 1950-01-01 00:00:00" ; :bulletin_type = "Operational" ; :contact = "mailto: [email protected]" ; :netcdf_version_id = "4.4.3" ; :NCO = "4.4.4" ; :CDO = "Climate Data Operators version 1.7.0 (http://mpimet.mpg.de/cdo)" ; :field_date = "20170420" ; :field_julian_date = "24581.f" ; :forecast_range = "01-day_hindcast" ; :forecast_type = "hindcast" ; :bulletin_date = "2017-04-21" ;

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:longitude_min = "-18.38887f" ; :longitude_max = "4.7507286f" ; :latitude_min = "27.472267f" ; :latitude_max = "55.61202f" ; :z_min = "0.49402538f" ; :z_max = "5274.784f" ; }

STATIC fields from dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-002-statics: This dataset can be downloaded through FTP and contains only one file: IBI-MFC_005_001_mask_bathy.nc Netcdf map file: ncdump -h IBI-MFC_005_001_mask_bathy.nc netcdf IBI-MFC_005_001_mask_bathy { dimensions: longitude = 865 ; latitude = 1081 ; depth = 50 ; variables: float longitude(longitude) ; longitude:axis = "X" ; longitude:standard_name = "longitude" ; longitude:units = "degrees_east" ; longitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; float latitude(latitude) ; latitude:axis = "Y" ; latitude:standard_name = "latitude" ; latitude:units = "degrees_north" ; latitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; byte mask_thetao(depth, latitude, longitude) ; mask_thetao:long_name = "Land-sea mask: 1 = sea ; 0 = land" ; mask_thetao:standard_name = "sea_binary_mask" ; mask_thetao:units = "1" ; byte mask_uo(depth, latitude, longitude) ; mask_uo:long_name = "Land-sea mask: 1 = sea ; 0 = land" ; mask_uo:standard_name = "sea_binary_mask" ; mask_uo:units = "1" ; byte mask_vo(depth, latitude, longitude) ; mask_vo:long_name = "Land-sea mask: 1 = sea ; 0 = land" ; mask_vo:standard_name = "sea_binary_mask" ; mask_vo:units = "1" ; float depth(depth) ; depth:standard_name = "depth" ; depth:units = "m" ; depth:positive = "down" ; depth:axis = "Z" ; float deptho(latitude, longitude) ; deptho:_FillValue = -32767.f ; deptho:long_name = "Bathymetry" ; deptho:standard_name = "sea_floor_depth_below_geoid" ; deptho:units = "m" ; // global attributes: :Conventions = "CF-1.0" ; :references = "http://marine.copernicus.eu/" ; :domain_name = "IBI36" ; :contact = "mailto: [email protected]" ;

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:title = "Bathymetry and mask for product IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001" ; :credit = "E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)" ; :licence = "http://marine.copernicus.eu/services-portfolio/service-commitments-and-licence/" ; :producer = "CMEMS - IBI Monitoring and Forecasting Centre" ; :institution = "Puertos del Estado (PdE)" ; :area = "IBI" ; :source = "IBI-MFC (PdE Production Center)" ; :product = "IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001" ; :dataset = "dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-statics" ; :product_user_manual = "http://marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-IBI-PUM-005-001.pdf" ; }

15MIN data from dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-15min: Through FTP users get directly the files. For instance, a file of daily data to be download would be: CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_15minav_20190214_20190214_R20190215_HC01.nc However, through DGF users get a zip file with netCDF files inside, each one corresponding to each specific day requested. dataset-ibi-analysis-forecast-phys-005-001-15min_1484135407703.zip CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_15minav_20190214_20190214_R20190215_HC01.nc Example of netCDF map file for monthly product (download through DGF or FTP): ncdump -h CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_15minav_20190214_20190214_R20190215_HC01.nc netcdf CMEMS_v4r1_IBI_PHY_NRT_PdE_15minav_20190214_20190214_R20190215_HC01 { dimensions: time = 96 ; longitude = 865 ; latitude = 1081 ; variables: float time(time) ; time:axis = "T" ; time:calendar = "gregorian" ; time:standard_name = "time" ; time:units = "hours since 1950-01-01 00:00:00" ; time:long_name = "time" ; time:_CoordinateAxisType = "Time" ; float longitude(longitude) ; longitude:standard_name = "longitude" ; longitude:long_name = "Longitude" ; longitude:units = "degrees_east" ; longitude:axis = "X" ; longitude:unit_long = "Degrees East" ; longitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; longitude:_CoordinateAxisType = "Lon" ; float latitude(latitude) ; latitude:standard_name = "latitude" ; latitude:long_name = "Latitude" ; latitude:units = "degrees_north" ; latitude:axis = "Y" ; latitude:unit_long = "Degrees North" ;

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latitude:step = "0.02777863f" ; latitude:_CoordinateAxisType = "Lat" ; short uo(time, latitude, longitude) ; uo:standard_name = "eastward_sea_water_velocity" ; uo:long_name = "Eastward velocity" ; uo:units = "m s-1" ; uo:add_offset = 0.f ; uo:scale_factor = 0.001f ; uo:_FillValue = -32767s ; uo:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; uo:valid_max = 3000s ; uo:valid_min = -3000s ; short vo(time, latitude, longitude) ; vo:standard_name = "northward_sea_water_velocity" ; vo:long_name = "Northward velocity" ; vo:units = "m s-1" ; vo:add_offset = 0.f ; vo:scale_factor = 0.001f ; vo:_FillValue = -32767s ; vo:unit_long = "Meters per second" ; vo:valid_max = 3000s ; vo:valid_min = -3000s ; short zos(time, latitude, longitude) ; zos:standard_name = "sea_surface_height_above_geoid" ; zos:long_name = "Sea surface height" ; zos:units = "m" ; zos:add_offset = 0.f ; zos:scale_factor = 0.001f ; zos:_FillValue = -32767s ; zos:unit_long = "Meters" ; zos:valid_max = 10000s ; zos:valid_min = -10000s ; // global attributes: :Conventions = "CF-1.0" ; :source = "IBI-MFC (PdE Production Center)" ; :institution = "Puertos del Estado (PdE)" ; :title = "Ocean surface 15-minutes mean fields for the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland (IBI) region" ; :easting = "longitude" ; :northing = "latitude" ; :references = "http://marine.copernicus.eu/" ; :domain_name = "IBI36" ; :field_type = "mean" ; :field_date = "20190214" ; :field_julian_date = "25246.f" ; :comment = "Class1 metrics" ; :julian_day_unit = "Hours since 1950-01-01 00:00:00" ; :forecast_range = "01-day_hindcast" ; :forecast_type = "hindcast" ; :bulletin_date = "2019-02-15" ; :bulletin_type = "Operational" ; :longitude_min = "-19.0f" ; :longitude_max = "5.000736f" ; :latitude_min = "26.0f" ; :latitude_max = "56.00092f" ; :z_min = "0.494025f" ; :z_max = "0.494025f" ; :contact = "mailto: [email protected]" ; }

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The previous file structures shown as example correspond to the complete IBI files, which are downloaded through DGF or FTP. However, when data from the IBI forecast product are downloaded through the MIS-GW SUBSETTER interface the file map and structure change slightly, and it is dependent on the parameter selection made by the user in the specific data request.

V.7 Reading software

NetCDF data can be browsed and used through a number of software, like:

ncBrowse: http://www.epic.noaa.gov/java/ncBrowse/, NetCDF Operator (NCO): http://nco.sourceforge.net/ IDL, Matlab, GMT, cdo, ferret…

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VI REFERENCES

Aumont, O, C. Ethé, A. Tagliabue, L. Bopp , and M. Gehlen, 2015. PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies. Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2465–2513, 2015 (http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/8/2465/2015/gmd-8-2465-2015.pdf) Barnier, B., Madec, G., Penduff, T., Molines, J.-M., Treguier, A.-M., Le Sommer, J., Beckmann, A., Biastoch, A., Boning, C., Dengg, J., Derval, C., Durand, E., Gulev, S., Remy, E., Talandier, C., Theetten, S., Maltrud, M., McClean, J., and De Cuevas, B.: Impact of partial steps and momentum advection schemes in a global ocean circulation model at eddy-permitting resolution, Ocean Dynam., 56, 543–567, doi:10.1007/s10236-006-0082-1, 2006. Becker, J. J., Sandwell, D. T., Smith, W. H. F., Braud, J., B. Binder, B., Depner, J., Fabre, D., Factor, J., Ingalls, S., Kim, S.-H., Ladner, R., Marks, K., Nelson, S., Pharaoh, A., Trimmer, R., Von Rosenberg, J., Wallace, G., and Weatherall, P.: Global bathymetry and elevation data at 30 arc seconds resolution: SRTM30 PLUS, Mar Geod., 32, 355–371, 2009. Benkiran, M. and Greiner, E.: Impact of the Incremental Analysis Updates on a Real-Time System of the North Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 25(11):2055-2073, 2008. Bloom, S. C., Takacs, L. L., Da Silva, A. M. and Ledvina, D., 1996: Data assimilation using incremental analysis updates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1256-1271. Cabanes, C., A. Grouazel, K. Von Schuckmann, M. Hamon,V. Turpin, C. Coatanoan, F. Paris, S. Guinehut, C.Boone, N. Ferry, C. De Boyer Montegut, T. Carval, G. Reverdin, S. Carrère, L. and Lyard, F.: Modelling the barotropic response of the global ocean to atmospheric wind and pressure forcing - comparisons with observations, Geophys. Res. Let., 30(6), pp 1275, 2003. Carrère, L. and Lyard, F.: Modelling the barotropic response of the global ocean to atmospheric wind and pressure forcing - comparisons with observations, Geophys. Res. Let., 30(6), pp 1275, 2003. Carrère, L., F. Lyard, M. Cancet, and A. Guillot (2015): FES 2014, a new tidal model on the global ocean with enhanced accuracy in shallow seas and in the Arctic region, in EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 5481. Desroziers, G., Berre, L., Chapnik, B., and Polli, P., 2005: Diagnosis of observation, background and analysis-error statistics in observation space, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 131, pp. 3385–3396, doi: 10.1256/qj.05.108. Dibarboure G. M.-I. Pujol, F. Briol , P. Y. Le Traon , G. Larnicol , N. Picot , F. Mertz , M. Lellouche, J.-M., Le Galloudec, O., Drévillon, M., Régnier, C., Greiner, E., Garric, G., Ferry, N., Desportes, C., Testut, C.-E., Bricaud, C., Bourdallé-Badie, R., Tranchant, B., Benkiran, M., Daudin, A. and De Nicola, C. : Evalution of global monotoring and forecasting systems at Mercator Océan. Ocean Sci., 9, 57-81, 2013. Egbert GD and Erofeeva SY. 2002. Efficient Inverse Modeling of Barotropic Ocean Tides. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technology. 19: 183–204. Ide, K., Courtier, P., Ghil, M., and Lorenc, A.C (1997): Unified notation for data assimilation: Operational, sequential and variational, J. Met. Soc. Japan, 75, 181-189. Large W. G. and Yeager S. G., 2004. Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: the data sets and flux climatologies. NCAR technical notes.

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Lellouche, J.-M., Le Galloudec, O., Drévillon, M., Régnier, C., Greiner, E., Garric, G., Ferry, N., Desportes, C., Testut, C.-E., Bricaud, C., Bourdallé-Badie, R., Tranchant, B., Benkiran, M., Daudin, A. and De Nicola, C. : Evalution of global monotoring and forecasting systems at Mercator Océan. Ocean Sci., 9, 57-81, 2013. Leonard, B. P.: A stable and accurate convective modelling procedure based on quadratic upstream interpolation, Comp. Method. Appl. M. 19, 59–98, 1979. Le Traon, P-Y., G. Dibarboure, and N. Ducet, 2001: Use of a high-resolution model to analyze the mapping capabilities of multiple-altimeter missions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 1277–1288. Lyard F, Lefevre F, Letellier T, and Francis O. 2006. Modelling the global ocean tides: modern insights from FES2004. Ocean Dynamics. 56: 394–415 Madec G., 2008. NEMO Ocean General Circulation Model Reference Manuel. Internal Report. LODYC/IPSL, Paris.

Oke, P.R., Brassington, G.B., Griffin, D.A., and Schiller, A.: The Bluelink Ocean Data Assimilation System (BODAS), Ocean Modelling, 21, 46-70, 2008.

Pham, D., Verron, J., and Roubaud, M., (1998).A Singular Evolutive Extended Kalman filter for data assimilation in oceanography, J. Mar. Syst., 16(3-4), 323-340.

Rio, M.-H., Mulet, S. and Picot, N., 2014: Beyond GOCE for the ocean circulation estimate: Synergetic use of altimetry, gravimetry, and in situ data provides new insight into geostrophic and Ekman currents, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, doi: 10.1002/2014GL061773

Shchepetkin, A. F. and McWilliams, J. C.: The regional ocean modelling system (ROMS): a split-explicit, free-surface, topography-following-coordinate oceanic model, Ocean Model., 9, 347–404, 2004.

Sotillo MG, Jordi A, Ferrer MI, Conde J, Tintoré J, Álvarez-Fanjul E. 2007. The ESEOO regional ocean forecasting system. Proceedings of the ISOPE-2007: The 17th International Offshore Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference. Lisbon, Portugal.

Sotillo M G, S. Cailleau, P. Lorente, B. Levier, R. Aznar, G. Reffray, A. Amo-Baladrón, J. Chanut, M. Benkiran E. Alvarez-Fanjul (2015): The MyOcean IBI Ocean Forecast and Reanalysis Systems: operational products and roadmap to the future Copernicus Service, Journal of Operational Oceanography, DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2015.1014663

Tranchant B., C.-E., Testut, R. Bourdallé-Badie, C. Derval, O. Le Galloudec, Y. Drillet, C. Bricaud and G. Garric, The Global 1/12° Mercator Ocean forecasting system: new insights, Proceeding of the EUROGOOS Exeter Conference, May 2008, Exeter, UK. Umlauf L., Burchard H., 2003. A generic length-scale equation for geophysical turbulence models, Journal of Marine Research, Volume 61, Number 2, 1 March 2003, pp. 235-265(31)