Product Specs

7/26/2019 Product Specs

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2.18 Product Specification

Table 2.30 Properties of the Product

Properties Other Characteristics

Melting point (C) -83.55

Colorless liquid with a sweet

pungent odor; vapors may be

ignited from a distance; the

compound can generate

electrostatic charges through

flow or agitation; acrylonitrile

polymerizes when hot, whichmay cause containers to

explode; uninhibited acrylonitrile

is explosive at room

temperature; the compound

reacts violently with strong

oxidizers, strong acids and

bases, and silver nitrate; the

compound decomposes in a

fire, releasing harmful gases;

vapor is heavier than air and

may travel along the ground

and assemble at lowest place;

can have adverse effects well

below the odor threshold

Boiling point (C) 77.3

Solubility in water (g/litre)

(20C)73.5

Specific density (20C) 0.8060

Relative vapour density 1.8

Vapour pressure (kPa) (23.6C) 13.3

Flash point (open cup) 0C

Flash point (closed cup) -4.4C

Octanol/water partition

coefficient0.12

Flammability (explosive) limits 3 - 17 %

Relative molecular mass 53.06

Assay 99%

Autoignition temp. 897 F

Refractive indexn20/D

1.391(lit.)

Exposure limit 17%

2.18.1 Description

Biochem/Physiol ActionsAn industrial carcinogen that is a multisite carcinogen in rats and possibly carcinogenic to

humans.

2.18.2 Packaging


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210 L in PVC coated

2.18.3 ApplicationAcrylonitrile is used in the manufacture of acrylic fibers, resins (acrylonitrile butadiene-

styrene, styrene-acrylonitrile and others) and nitrile rubbers (butadiene-acrylonitrile).

1. Product Identity and Uses

a. Identity

Chemical formula: C3H3NChemical structure:

Figure 2.12 Chemical Structure of Acrylonitrile

Common trade names: Acrylon; Carbacryl; ENT 54;Fumigrain; Miller's fumigrain; TL 314; Ventox

Common synonyms: acrylonitrile monomer;AN; cyanoethylene; 2-propenenitrile;VCN; vinyl cyanide

Conversion factor1 mg/m3- 0.4605 ppm1 ppm acrylonitrile = 2.17 mg/m3 at 25C and 101.3 kPa(760 mm Hg).

b. Physical and Chemical PropertiesAcrylonitrile is a colourless liquid with a faintly sweet, pungent odour, which dissolvesreadily in water. It is explosive and flammable. Some physical and chemical properties

of acrylonitrile are given in the Sample International Chemical Safety Card.

c. CompositionTechnical acrylonitrile is more than 99% pure. It is stabilized against self-polymerization and yellow colour formation by the addition of hydroquinonemonomethyl ether (35-50 mg/kg) and water (0.25-0.45%). Impurities may includeacetone, acetonitrile, aldehydes, iron, hydrogen cyanide, and peroxides.


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d. UsesAcrylonitrile does not occur as a natural product. However, it is produced industriallyon a large scale. The compound is mainly used in the production of synthetic fibers,resins, and rubbers, and as a chemical intermediate. It is also used in fumigants.

2. Summary and Evaluation

a. Exposure to AcrylonitrileAcrylonitrile is emitted in significant amounts from factories, both in the air

and in waste waters, and people living nearby may be exposed to the chemical.Drinking-water and food may be contaminated with acrylonitrile, but levels will be low,unless the soil or water supplies have been contaminated through accidental spillageduring production, storage, transport, or use. Contamination of food from packagingmaterials containing free acrylonitrile is possible.

Experience has shown that workers in factories using acrylonitrile to make otherproducts run a higher risk of exposure than those in factories producing the chemical,where it is more easily contained. Exposure in the work-place is through inhalation andcontamination of the skin.

b. Uptake, Metabolism, and ExcretionIn animals, acrylonitrile is readily absorbed through the skin and by ingestion andinhalation. Absorbed acrylonitrile is distributed fairly uniformly within the animal bodybut there are no indications that it accumulates in animal tissues following prolongedexposure. Mercapturic acids are the major metabolites of acrylonitrile in vivo.Urinaryexcretion of acrylonitrile-derived mercapturic acid is proportional to the level ofacrylonitrile in the body. Biological monitoring of acrylonitrile-derived mercapturic acidsin human urine is a promising, but insufficiently validated, method for the estimation ofthe total uptake of acrylonitrile.

c. Effects on AnimalsThe compound is regarded as highly toxic for animals when inhaled (LC 50 between150 and 1250 mg/m3 for a 4-h exposure) and highly toxic when ingested (LD50between 25 and 200 mg/kg body weight).

Absorption of acrylonitrile vapour mainly affects the gastrointestinal and respiratorytracts, the liver, kidneys and the central nervous system. Similar effects are seen whenliquid acrylonitrile is absorbed through the skin; skin injury may occur a few hours afterexposure. Exposure to some organic solvents in addition to acrylonitrile maysignificantly increase its toxic effects on animals.

Acrylonitrile exposure of animals causes damage to the embryo and malformation ofthe fetus only at levels approaching those that are toxic for the mothers.

Although acrylonitrile has given positive results in a number of in vitro mutagenicitytests, it has not been found to be mutagenic in whole animals, so far.


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Long-term administration of acrylonitrile to rats, orally or by inhalation, has resulted inthe induction of malignant tumours at several sites, the incidence being dose related.

Acrylonitrile has been shown to be toxic for aquatic organisms, concentrations

between 12 and 70 mg/litre water being lethal for half the number of exposed fish(LC50) within 2-4 days.

d. Effects on Human BeingsIn man, symptoms of overexposure to acrylonitrile include headache, sleeplessness,nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue, mild jaundice, and irritation and inflammation ofthe eyes and respiratory tract including the nose and throat. In more severe cases,unconsciousness and convulsions may occur. Fatalities have been reported followingthe use of fumigant mixtures containing acrylonitrile combined with carbontetrachloride and methylene chloride, but exact exposure conditions were not known.

Complaints of ill health in workers, exposed for a number of years to acrylonitrile atconcentrations of less than 45 mg/m3, have been reported in several studies; thecomplaints were variable in nature, and were not consistently related to the length ofexposure. These studies do not provide evidence of a specific disease arising fromlong-term, low-level exposure to acrylonitrile. At higher concentrations (up to 220mg/m3), exposure for 20-40 min resulted in complaints of headache, irritation of theupper respiratory tract and the eyes, nervous irritability, and itching of the skin.

Exposure of the skin to liquid acrylonitrile may cause irritation with reddening andblisters. Skin inflammation is much more common than allergic skin reactions.

Although there is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of acrylonitrile in animals,the epidemiological studies carried out so far have not provided sufficient evidence ofcarcinogenicity in man.

3. Conclusions and RecommendationsIt was not possible to establish a level at which no observed adverse effects occurred

on the basis of the experimental and epidemiological data presented to the Task Group.Therefore, exposure to acrylonitrile should be kept as low as possible in both the work-placeand the general environment, and skin contact with the liquid should be avoided.

2.19 Packaging

2.19.1 DescriptionA dark 210 liter, fire proof, labeled, tightly closed steel container, separated from food,

oxidizers, strong acids, and bases; silver nitrate, copper(alloys), ammonia, amines, never storeuninhibited acrylonitrile.


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Figure 2.13 Packaging of the Product

2.19.2 Country of OriginMindanao, Philippines

2.19.3 Supplier/TradersMindanao Container Corporation (MCC) Plant is located in Villanueva, Misamis Orientalwhich is situated in Northern Mindanao and about 24 kilometers East of Cagayan de OroCity.

2.19.4 Main Office6th Floor, Twin Cities Condominium110 Legazpi Street, Legaspi VillageMakati City 1229, PhilippinesFax Number +63(2) 892-5369Telephone Numbers +63(2) 892-4304

2.19.5 Brand/Product NameTight Head Drum

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