Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens...

20
Product Planning Product Development Process Planning Concept Development System-Level Design Detail Design Testing and Refinement Production Ramp-Up Four Phases of Product Development The product planning phase precedes the product development process. The Product Planning Process Evaluate and Prioritize Projects Allocate Resources and Plan Timing Portfolio f Multiple Projects Complete Pre-Project Planning Product Pl Mission St t t Product Development Process Identify Opportunities of Projects Plan Statements

Transcript of Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens...

Page 1: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Product PlanninggProduct Development Process

PlanningConcept

DevelopmentSystem-Level

DesignDetail

DesignTesting andRefinement

ProductionRamp-Up

Four Phases of Product Development

The product planning phase precedes the product development process.

The Product Planning Process

Evaluate and Prioritize Projects

Allocate Resources and

Plan TimingPortfoliof

Multiple Projects

Complete Pre-Project PlanningProduct

PlMission

St t t

Product Development

Process

Identify Opportunities

of Projects

Plan Statements

Page 2: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Xerox Lakes Project ExampleXerox Lakes Project Example

Page 3: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Newer models manufactured by Xerox yCorporation.

Page 4: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Newer models manufactured by Xerox yCorporation.

Page 5: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

4 Tipe Proyek Pengembangan Produk4 Tipe Proyek Pengembangan Produk

New product platforms:New product platforms:– Meliputi usaha pengembangan secara besar-besaran untuk membuat

suatu keluarga produk baru berdasarkan platform yang baru dan sama.Derivatives of existing product platform:– Adalah penerusan dari produk platform yang sudah ada untuk melayani

pasar yang telah dikenal dengan lebih baik dengan tambahan satu atau pasar yang telah dikenal dengan lebih baik dengan tambahan satu atau lebih produk baru.

Page 6: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Incremental improvement to existing products:– Menambahkan atau memodifikasi beberapa fitur dari produk yang

telah ada untuk mempertahankan daya saing dan agar tidak telah ada untuk mempertahankan daya saing dan agar tidak ketinggalan jaman.

Fundamentally new products– Produk maupun teknologi produk benar-benar berbeda dari yang

dulu, dan biasanya melayani pasar yang baru.

Page 7: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Xerox Lakes Project Xerox Lakes Project Example

Xerox Document Centre 265

H d kN Hodaka

Lakes

H-Net

New Platforms

D i ti

LegendProjectProduct Release

L-Net

595 6010 392 393

Derivatives

Improvements

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

AstroFundamentally New

Page 8: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Step 1: Identify OpportunitiesStep 1: Identify Opportunities

Macam-macam sumber ide: – marketing & sales, R&D orgn, prod. dev’t team, mfg & operation,

current/potential customers, 3rd parties (suppliers, inventors, business partners)

Pendekatan proaktif untuk mencari opportunities: Pendekatan proaktif untuk mencari opportunities: – documenting customer complaints, interviews lead users, trends in

lifestyles, demographics & technology, suggestions from current y , g p gy, ggcustomers, study competitors’ prod. on ongoing basis, track status of emerging technologies.

Page 9: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

M k t S t MMarket Segment Map65 ppm 65 ppm

network

Department40 ppm

$23k

55 ppm $20k

60 ppm network

$35k

network $31k

Lakes Project Lakes

Extensions

Lakes Project Lakes

Extensionsnt

Workgroup

$16k

25 ppm $10k

35 ppm $15k

40 ppm $20k

LegendXerox et

Seg

men

Workgroup40 ppm network

$20k30 ppm $10k

product

competitor product

potentialHodaka ProjectHodaka Project

Mar

ke

Personal

20 ppm $8k

25 ppm $9k

30 ppm $10k

20 ppm $7k

potential competitor

Hodaka Projectoda a ojec

1998 19991997 2000

$7k

Year ofRelease

Page 10: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Step 2: pEvaluate and Prioritize Projects

Beberapa strategi yang mungkin dipilih untuk bersaing:– Technology leadership, cost leadership, customer focus, imitative.

Segmentasi pasar– Pilih segmen pasar dengan hati-hati

Technological Trajectories– Technological Trajectories– Dalam bisnis yang teknologi intensif, keputusan perencanaan

produk yang sangat penting adalah ketika akan mengadopsi suatu t k l i d b di d l t d t li teknologi dasar yang baru di dalam suatu product line.

– Keputusan ini menyangkut kapan perusahaan perlu mengembangkan suatu teknologi baru vs. kapan mengembangkan g g g p g gproduk berdasarkan teknologi yang lama. Lihat S-curve

Page 11: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Technology S CurvesTechnology S-Curves

DigitalTechnologyan

ce

Technology

erfo

rma

Li ht LCop

ier P

Light-LensTechnology

C

Time

Page 12: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Step 2: Evaluate and Prioritize Projects p j(cont’d)

Product platform planningp p g– Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

derivatif diciptakan dengan cepat dan mudah, sesuai yang diinginkan suatu segmen pasar Teknik untuk mengkoordinasikan diinginkan suatu segmen pasar.. Teknik untuk mengkoordinasikan teknologi pengembangan dengan perencanaan produk adalah technology roadmap.E l t f d t ll d t t iti– Evaluate fundamentally new product opportunities

– Apakah perusahaan ingin memasuki pasar yang baru dengan teknologi baru? Perlu memenuhi kriteria untuk mengambil resiko yang sangat besar ini.

– Balancing the portfolio. Secara umum, portfolio yang terdiversifikasi akan menyeimbangkan baik resiko maupun keuntungan secara akan menyeimbangkan baik resiko maupun keuntungan secara keseluruhan.

Page 13: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Platforms vs. DerivativesResearch and Technology

Legend

Technology Development

Platform BPlatform Product

Development

LegendProjectProduct Release

Platform A

Derivative P d t

time

Product Development

Page 14: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Product-Process Change MatrixExtent of Production Process ChangesExtent of Production Process Changes

NewCore

Process

NextGeneration

Process

SingleDepartment

Upgrade

Tuning andIncremental

Changes

NoProcessChange

Research andTechnology

Development

ges

NewCore

Product

BreakthroughDevelopment

Projects

Platform

duct

Cha

ng NextGeneration

Product

Addition

LakesProject

PlatformDevelopment

Projects

nt o

f Pro

d Additionto Product

Family

Minor

DerivativeProduct

Development

Exte

n ProductEnhancement

NoProduct

CurrentProduct/ProcessProduct

Change Support

Page 15: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Step 3: Allocate Resources and Plan pTiming

S b d kt d l h t b t Sumber daya maupun waktu adalah terbatas, sehingga seringkali tidak mungkin akan cukup untuk dapat mewujudkan portfolio produk yang diinginkan. dapat mewujudkan portfolio produk yang diinginkan. Maka dari itu, diperlukan perencanaan yang baik untuk alokasi sumber daya maupun menjadwalkan aktivitasaktivitas.Alokasi sumber daya: dengan aggregate planning

Page 16: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Penjadwalan dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan:– Timing of product introduction (the sooner the better)

Technology readiness (apa sudah mantap?)– Technology readiness (apa sudah mantap?)– Market readiness (apa pasar siap menerimanya?)– Competition (melihat kompetisi yang ada)p ( p y g )

Jika langkah ini selesai dilakukan, hasilnya adalah product plan

Page 17: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Aggregate Resource PlanningAggregate Resource Planning140%

1 0 0 %

120%

140%

40%

60%

80%

Des

ign

gine

erin

g

g E

ngin

eerin

g

mw

are

sign

Des

ign

gine

erin

g

g E

ngin

eerin

g

mw

are

sign

Des

ign

gine

erin

g

g E

ngin

eerin

g

mw

are

sign

0%

20%

40%

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

C a p a c i t y U t i l i z a t i o n

Mec

hani

cal D

Ele

ctric

al E

ng

Man

ufac

turin

g

Sof

twar

e/ F

irm

Indu

stria

l Des

Mec

hani

cal D

Ele

ctric

al E

ng

Man

ufac

turin

g

Sof

twar

e/ F

irm

Indu

stria

l Des

Mec

hani

cal D

Ele

ctric

al E

ng

Man

ufac

turin

g

Sof

twar

e/ F

irm

Indu

stria

l Des

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Page 18: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Step 4: Complete Pre Project PlanningStep 4: Complete Pre-Project Planning

Tulis kembali opportunities menjadi product vision statement:– Contoh: Lakes project - Develop a networked, mid-range, digital

platform for imaging marking and finishingplatform for imaging, marking, and finishing.Buat mission statement untuk menentukan batasan-batasan dan tujuan akhir dari proyek yang akan dilakukan. Mission dan tujuan akhir dari proyek yang akan dilakukan. Mission statement terdiri dari:– Brief (one-sentence) description of the product– Key business goals– Target market(s) for the product– Assumptions and constraints that guide the development effort Assumptions and constraints that guide the development effort

(dari berbagai segi, misalnya: manufacturing, service, environment)– Stakeholders

Page 19: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Lakes Project Mission StatementProduct Description• Networkable, digital machine with copy, print, fax, and scan functionsNetworkable, digital machine with copy, print, fax, and scan functionsKey Business Goals• Support Xerox strategy of leadership in digital office equipment• Serve as platform for all future B&W digital products and solutions• Capture 50% of digital product sales in primary marketCapture 50% of digital product sales in primary market• Environmentally friendly• First product introduction 4thQ 1997Primary Market• Office departments, mid-volume (40-65 ppm, above 42,000 avg. copies/mo.)Office departments, mid volume (40 65 ppm, above 42,000 avg. copies/mo.)Secondary Markets• Quick-print market• Small ‘satellite’ operationsAssumptions and Constraintsssu pt o s a d Co st a ts• New product platform• Digital imaging technology• Compatible with CentreWare software• Input devices manufactured in Canadap• Output devices manufactured in Brazil• Image processing engine manufactured in both USA and EuropeStakeholders• Purchasers and Users• Manufacturing Operations• Service Operations• Distributors and Resellers

Page 20: Product Planning Product Development Process Plan Timing f Multiple Projects ... Light- ens Technology Time. ... – Platform yang efektif akan memudahkan bermacam-macam produk

Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the Process

Langkah akhir ini perlu dilakukan untuk menilai kualitas dari proses perencanaan dan hasilnya Ini juga merupakan “reality check” yang harus perencanaan dan hasilnya. Ini juga merupakan reality check yang harus dilakukan sebelum melangkah ke langkah selanjutnya. Karena lebih baik mengobati kesalahan di awal daripada biaya kegagalan semakin tinggi. C t h t tContoh pertanyaan-pertanyaan:– Does the product plan support the competitive strategy of the firm?– Does the product plan address the most important current opportunities facing the firm?p p p pp g– Are the total resources allocated to product development sufficient to pursue the firm’s

competitive strategy?– Have creative ways of leveraging finite resources been considered such as the use of Have creative ways of leveraging finite resources been considered, such as the use of

product platforms, joint ventures, & partnership with suppliers?– Is the opportunity funnel collecting an exciting & diverse set of product opportunities?