PRODUCT DESIGNProduct design can be defined as the idea generation, concept development, testing and manufacturing or implementation of a physical object or service. Product Designers conceptualize and evaluate ideas, making them tangible through products in a more systematic approach. The role of a product designer include many characteristics of the marketing manager, product manager , industrial designer and design engineer.

FROM WHERE IDEAS FOR NEW PRODUCT COMES ?:

FROM WHERE IDEAS FOR NEW PRODUCT COMES ? FROM> CUSTOMERS SUGGESTIONS R & D DEPARTMENT FROM FEEDBACK OF EXISTING PRODUCT IN MARKET

Principles of product design :

Usefulness Quality Ease of use Simplicity Clarity Order Naturalness Aesthetics Innovation Truthfulness

REQUIREMENT OF GOOD PRODUCT DESIGN:

CUSTOMER SATISFACTION BY: FUNCTION ACCURACY RELIABILITY EASY TO OPERATE MAKING PROFIT BY: STANDARD DESIGN GIVES GREAT SAVING GOOD DESIGN WILL REQUIRE MINIMUM OPERATIONS AND HENCE WILL GIVE SAVING

Product must optimally perform its main function (task).It must be easy to repair at a low repair cost.It must be very reliable to use.It must follow principles of aesthetics.It must be a durable one.It can be easily produced in large numbers at minimum production cost.It must be simple to produce and use (handle).It must also be compact.

Design proceses

STEP 1: Identify the Problem-- Students should state the challenge problem in their own words. Example: How can I design a __________ that will __________? STEP 2: Identify Criteria and Constraints-- Students should specify the design requirements (criteria). Example: Our growth chamber must have a growing surface of 10 square feet and have a delivery volume of 3 cubic feet or less. Students should list the limits on the design due to available resources and the environment (constraints). Example: Our growth chamber must be accessible to astronauts without the need for leaving the spacecraft.

STEP 3: Brainstorm Possible Solutions-- Each student in the group should sketch his or her own ideas as the group discusses ways to solve the problem. Labels and arrows should be included to identify parts and how they might move. These drawings should be quick and brief. STEP 4: Generate Ideas-- In this step, each student should develop two or three ideas more thoroughly. Students should create new drawings that are orthographic projections (multiple views showing the top, front and one side) and isometric drawings (three-dimensional depiction). These are to be drawn neatly, using rulers to draw straight lines and to make parts proportional. Parts and measurements should be labeled clearly.

STEP 5: Explore Possibilities-- The developed ideas should be shared and discussed among the team members. Students should record pros and cons of each design idea directly on the paper next to the drawings. STEP 6: Select an Approach-- Students should work in teams and identify the design that appears to solve the problem the best. Students should write a statement that describes why they chose the solution. This should include some reference to the criteria and constraints identified above. STEP 7: Build a Model or Prototype-- Students will construct a full-size or scale model based on their drawings. The teacher will help identify and acquire appropriate modeling materials and tools. See the design brief for a sample list. STEP 8: Refine the Design-- Students will examine and evaluate their prototypes or designs based on the criteria and constraints. Groups may enlist students from other groups to review the solution and help identify changes that need to be made. Based on criteria and constraints, teams must identify any problems and proposed solutions.

Sequence ConceptionAcceptanceExecutionTranslationPre -production

Stages of Design:

Concept Generation Ideas from customers Focus groups Listening to customers Ideas from competitor activity Ideas from staff Ideas from Research and development Reverse engineering From idea to concept Concept screening The marketing screen The Operations screen Finance screen Competitor Analysis Price-performance targeting Financial analysis

Factors affecting Product Design:

TECHNICAL FACTORS Performance Maintenance Company experience INDUSTRIAL DESIGN FACTORS Function Appearance Ergonomics ECONOMIC FACTORS Materials Methods Standards Finish

The factors that determine or affect a product designRequirements of targeted customers.Availability and access to necessary production facilities.Type and quality of raw-materials used to produce a product.Cost to price ratio.Policy of quality standards.Availability of plant and machineries.Impact of upcoming product on existing products of the company.Reputation or goodwill of the company.