Product Design & Development · ETM 551 -Product Architecture 29 DeskJet Printer Schematic Flow of...
Transcript of Product Design & Development · ETM 551 -Product Architecture 29 DeskJet Printer Schematic Flow of...
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 1
Product Design & Development
Product Architecture
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 2
QuestionsHow would the architecture of the product impact their ability to offer product variety?What would be the cost implications of different product architectures?How would the architecture of the product impact their ability to complete the design within 12 monts?How would the architecture of the product influence their ability to manage the development process?
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 3
What is Product ArchitectureA product can be thought in both functional and physical terms.The functional elements are the individual operationsand transformationsThe physical elements of a product are the parts, components, and subassembliesThe physical elements of a product are typically organized into several major physical building blocks, called chunks.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 4
What is Product Architecture?
Product architecture is the assignment of the product's functions to physical building blocks or "chunks".
Product
module
module
module
module
module
module
module
module
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 5
Modular or integral architecture?
6
Modular product architectureEach chunk fully embodies one or more product functions.Interactions between chunks are:
well defined(typically) fundamental to product's primary functions.
Modular architecture has advantages in simplicity and reusability for a product family or platform.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 7
Modular product architecture
Modular architecture has advantages in simplicity and reusability for a product family or platform.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 8
Platform Architecture of the Sony Walkman
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 9
Integral product architectureTypical functions involve more than one chunkTypical chunks implement more than one functionInteractions between chunks are ill-defined and may be incidental to product's primary functions.Integral architecture generally increases performance and reduces costs for any specific product model.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 10
Trailer Example:Modular Architecture
box
hitch
fairing
bed
springs
wheels
protect cargofrom weather
connect to vehicle
minimizeair drag
supportcargo loads
suspendtrailer structure
transfer loadsto road
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 11
Trailer Example:Integral Architecture
upper half
lower half
nose piece
cargo hangingstraps
spring slotcovers
wheels
protect cargofrom weather
connect to vehicle
minimizeair drag
supportcargo loads
suspendtrailer structure
transfer loadsto road
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 12
Modularity
Modularity is a relative property
Products are rarely strictly modular or integral.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 13
Types of modularity
Slot-modular architectureEach chunk-to-chunk interface is different from the others.
Chunks cannot be swapped around.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 14
Slot-modulararchitecture
Each interface between chunks in a slot-modular is of a different type from the others, so that the various chunks in the product cannot be interchanged (e.g. Automobile radio)
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 15
Bus-modular architecture
Uses a common bus, or similar concept.
Uses standard chunk-to-bus interfaces.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 16
Sectional-modular architecture
No common bus or other single element interfacing with all other chunks.
Uses standard chunk-to-chunk interfaces.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 17
Choosing the Product Architecture
Architecture decisions relate to product planning and concept development decisions:
Product Change (copier toner, camera lenses)
Product Variety (computers, automobiles)
Standardization (motors, bearings, fasteners)
Performance (racing bikes, fighter planes)
Manufacturing Cost (disk drives, razors)
Project Management (team capacity, skills)
System Engineering (decomposition, integration)
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 18
When is the product architecture defined?
Product architecture begins to emerge during concept development.
PlanningPlanning ConceptDevelopment
ConceptDevelopment
System-LevelDesign
System-LevelDesign
DetailDesignDetail
DesignTesting andRefinement
Testing andRefinement
ProductionRamp-Up
ProductionRamp-Up
Platform decision
Concept decision
Decomposition decision
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 19
Product architecture affects:
Product changesUpgradesEx.: Changing the processor board of a computerAdd-onsEx.: Third-party mass storage devicesAdaptation to local conditionsEx.: 110 or 220 Volt power supply
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 20
Product architecture affects:
High-wear componentsEx.: tires on vehiclesConsumablesEx.: film cartridgesFlexibility in useEx.: Lens or flash options for a cameraResuseEx.:consumer electronics manufacturers
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 21
Product variety
Variety refers to the range of product models the firm can produce within a particular timeframe in response to market demand.
Swatch produces hundreds of watch models.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 22
Component standardization
Use the same components or chunks in various products.
Ex.: Watch movement, watch battery, etc.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 23
Product performanceHow will product implement intended functions?
Ex.: Function sharing of BMW transmission chunk
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 24
Manufacturability
Benefits from:Design-for-manufacturing (DFM)Minimization of parts count through component integration.These strategies are best applied at the chunk level.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 25
Managing the PD process
Detailed design responsibility for each chunk is usually assigned to a small in-house team or outsourced to a supplier.
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 26
Concepts of integral and modular apply at several levels
System
Sub-system
Component
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 27
Product Architecture = Decomposition + Interactions
Interactions within chunks
Interactions across chunks
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 28
Establishing the architecture
Create schematic (illustrating product architecture)Cluster elementsCreate rough geometric layoutIdentify fundamental and incidental interactions
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 29
DeskJet Printer Schematic
Flow of forces or energyFlow of materialFlow of signals or data
StoreOutput
StoreBlankPaper
EnclosePrinter
ProvideStructuralSupport
PrintCartridge
PositionCartridgeIn X-Axis
PositionPaper
In Y-Axis
SupplyDC
Power“Pick”Paper
ControlPrinter
CommandPrinter
Connectto
Host
CommunicatewithHost
DisplayStatus
AcceptUser
Inputs
Functionalor PhysicalElements
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 30
Clustering elements
Key considerations when clustering elements (of schematic) into chunks include:
Geometric integration and precisionEx.: H-P clustering for ink-jet printer calls for cartridge positioning on x-axis and paper positioning on y-axis
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 31
Clustering elements (cont)
Function sharingEx.: Status display and user controls for H-P printer Ex.: Transmission for BMW motorcycle
Vendor (= Supplier) capabilities Ex.: H-P printer Ex.: Spring and shock absorber for rear suspension of BMW motorcycle
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 32
Clustering elements (cont)
Similarity of design or production technologyLocation of changeAccommodating varietyEnabling standardizationPortability of interfaces
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 33
Cluster Elements into Chunks
StoreOutput
StoreBlankPaper
EnclosePrinter
ProvideStructuralSupport
PrintCartridge
PositionCartridgeIn X-Axis
PositionPaper
In Y-Axis
SupplyDC
Power“Pick”Paper
ControlPrinter
CommandPrinter
Connectto
Host
CommunicatewithHost
DisplayStatus
AcceptUser
Inputs
Paper Tray PrintMechanism
Logic Board
Chassis
Enclosure
User Interface Board
Host DriverSoftware
Power Cordand “Brick”
Functionalor PhysicalElements
Chunks
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 34
Audio System Exercise:Where are the Chunks?
CassetteTuner Front Controls
Power Amplifier
CD Changer
Rear Controls
Cellular Phone
Cellular Antenna
Antenna Motor
AM/FM Antenna
Rear Headphones
LF Speaker
LR Speaker
RR Speaker
RF Speaker
Microphone
Display
104.1 FM
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 35
Geometric layout
Key considerations when creating a rough geometric layout include:Identification of fundamental and incidental interactions
Fundamental interactions Ex.: H-P printerSheets of paper flow from the paper tray to print mechanism.
Incidental interactions Ex.: Vibration induced by the actuators in paper tray may interfere with precision positioning of print cartridge (x-axis)
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 36
Create a rough geometric layout
chassis
paperroller
print cartridge
paper tray
enclosure
logic board
height
printmechanism
paper tray
user interface board
printcartridge
logicboard
chassis
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 37
Incidental interactions
Enclosure
Paper Tray
Chassis
PrintMechanism
User InterfaceBoard
LogicBoard
Power Cordand “Brick”
Host DriverSoftware
Styling
Vibration
Thermal Distortion
Thermal Distortion
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 38
F G E D I A C B1 K1 J P N Q R B2 K2 O L M H S T U VCrankshaft F F l l l l l l l l l l l l
Flywheel G l G l l l l
Connecting Rods E l E l l l l l l
Pistons D l l l D l l l l l l l l lLubrication I l l l l I l l l l l l l l l
Engine Block A l l l l l A l l l l l l l l l l
Camshaft/Valve Train C l l l l C l l l l l l
Cylinder Heads B1 l l l l l B1 l l l l l lIntake Manifold K1 l l l l K1 l l l l l
Water Pump/Cooling J l l l l l l J l l l l l l l l l
Fuel System P l P l l l l l l l l l l
Air Cleaner N l N l l l l l lThrottle Body Q l l l Q l l l l l l l l l
EVAP R l l R l l l
Cylinder Heads B2 l l l B2 l l l l l l l lIntake Manifold K2 l l l l l l K2 l l l l l l l
A.I.R. O l l l l l l O l l l l l l
Exhaust L l l l l l l l l L l l l l l l
E.G.R. M l l l l l l l l M l l l l l
Accessory Drive H l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l H l l l l
Ignition S l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l S l l lE.C.M. T l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l T l l
Electrical System U l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l U lEngine Assembly V l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l V
Frequency of PDT Interactionsl Daily l Weekly l Monthly
Team 1
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4
Integration Team
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 39
Variety and supply chain considerations
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 40
Fundamental Decisions
Integral vs. modular architecture?What type of modularity?How to assign functions to chunks?How to assign chunks to teams?Which chunks to outsource?
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 41
Practical ConcernsPlanning is essential to achieve the desired variety and product change capability.Coordination is difficult, particularly across teams, companies, or great distances.Special attention must be paid to handle complex interactions between chunks (system engineering methods).
42
Product Architecture: Conclusions
Architecture choices define the sub-systems and modules of the product platform or family.Architecture determines:
ease of production varietyfeasibility of customer modificationsystem-level production costs
Key Concepts:modular vs. integral architectureclustering into chunksplanning product families
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 43
Summary
Product architecture decisions affect product change, product variety, component standardization, product performance, manufacturability, and PD management.A key characteristic of a product architecture is the degree to which it is modular or integral
ETM 551 -Product Architecture 44
SummaryFour steps for product architecture
1. Create a schematic of the product2. Cluster the elements of the schematic3. Create a rough geometric layout4. Identify the fundamental and incidental interactions