Issue 9 - Summer 2014

Education & Training Matters for Plumbing Lecturers

ETMProduced by the Chartered Institute of Plumbing & Heating Engineering

In this issue:• Master Plumber Awards• Misconnections Matter• Soil and Waste Pipework• Get Girls Plumbing!

“Is anyonelistening?”“Is anyonelistening?”

Would you like your voice to be heardwithin the industry?If so, and you’re a professional, join the Chartered Institute of Plumbing and HeatingEngineering (CIPHE), the industry’s professional body. The CIPHE has its own Education and Training Group, which recently voiced itsopinion on a Government consultation paper on apprenticeships. It has also had adialogue with Ministers involved with education.The CIPHE takes part in debates and discussions covering all aspects of plumbing,heating and public health engineering. It influences Government and takes part inconsultations on regulations and legislation. In short, when the CIPHE talks, peoplelisten. It also supports members by offering technical information and a range of CPDcourses, in association with the best technical expertise in the industry. The CIPHEcan help you progress your career, as suitably qualified members can register withthe Engineering Council for Engineering Technician or Incorporated Engineerstatus.For information on the many advantages of membership and the work carried outby the CIPHE, please visit our website.

www.ciphe.org.uk • Tel: 01708 472791

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

ETM Summer 2014 3

EditorCarol Cannavan

carol@aspire-editorial.co.uk

PrintersEvonprint, West Sussex BN5 9XE

General EnquiriesCIPHE, 64 Station Lane

Hornchurch, Essex RM12 6NBwww.ciphe.org.uk

Tel: 01708 472791

All material published in ETM is copyrightand unauthorised reproduction is forbidden.

No reproduction allowed withoutprior permission.

DISCLAIMERETM is published by the Chartered Institute of Plumbing andHeating Engineering. All content is copyright CIPHE 2014.

Although CIPHE has made every effort to ensure theaccuracy of this publication, neither it nor any contributorcan accept responsibility whatsoever for consequencesthat may arise from errors or omissions or any opinions oradvice given. This publication is not a substitute forprofessional advice on a specific transaction.

Advertisements are accepted for publication in ETM onlyupon CIPHE standard terms of acceptance of advertising.

CIPHE

The Chartered Institute of Plumbing & HeatingEngineering (CIPHE) is the professional body forthe plumbing and heating industry. It is also aneducational charity.

What’s in this issue of ETM?

4 CIPHE NEWS

6 MASTER PLUMBER AWARDS

8 NEW TRAINING CENTRE

10 MISCONNECTIONS MATTER

12 MIND YOUR BACKS

13 CONGRATULATIONS!

14 GET GIRLS PLUMBING

16 MEMBERSHIP MATTERS

18 SOIL AND WASTE PIPEWORK

24 PLUMBING SOLUTIONS

26 EDUCATION & TRAINING GROUP

28 COMMISSIONING PROCEDURE

30 INDUSTRY SUPPORTERS

CIPHE NEWS

4 Summer 2014 ETM

NOTE FROM THE EDITOR

Welcome back to ETM,

The end of the summer term isdrawing near. This should be the timewhen you reflect on all the hard workyou have put into producing the nextgeneration of qualified plumbing andheating professionals - give yourself apat on the back!

Of course, there’s still a lot of work tobe done before you can relax andenjoy some ‘me’ time in the summerbreak.

We hope you find this issue of ETMinformative. There’s a great feature onsoil and waste pipework (p18), whichcovers the key factors that must beconsidered when designing andinstalling sanitary pipework systems.Another important topic isMisconnections (p10). Enjoy!

Carol Cannavan

carol@aspire-editorial.co.uk

LATEST NEWS...

Visit the Chartered Institute ofPlumbing and Heating Engineering’sFacebook page for more images ofweird and wonderful plumbing. f

CIPHE launching e-learning platformThe CIPHE will be launching an ePDwebsite for members at its AGM in Oxfordon 21st June. The new e-learning platformwill have a wide range of modules andinstallation videos.

Creative...

WaterSafe SurveyThe CIPHE is helping to promotethe survey recently launched byWaterSafe, which looks at workingpractices, training and apprentice-ships.

You can access the survey at thefollowing address:

https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/WaterSafe

CIPHE NEWS

CIPHE VACANCY

Technical and Educational ManagerAn exciting opportunity has arisen at CIPHE Head Office, in Hornchurch, Essex,for a Technical and Educational Manager. This is a new position and thesuccessful applicant will be fundamental in positioning the Institute as a keystakeholder in supporting training and apprenticeships schemes for theplumbing and heating industry. They will be responsible for various technicalduties, including: research and analysis of relevant technical matters andpublications, CPD accreditation, writing technical articles and preparing materialfor e-learning.

For a detailed job description and further information, please contact CathySwain, Secretary to CEO and Operations Manager, on 01708 463112 or emailcatherines@ciphe.org.uk

Industrial Associates NewsPaul Massey is the new Chairman of theInstitute’s Industrial Associates Develop-ment Group. As a qualified engineer whohas worked within the specialist buildingproducts sector for nearly 40 years, Paulhas developed extensive knowledge,expertise and contactswithin the plumbing andheating industry.

Since 2010 Paul Masseyhas been Group ChiefExecutive of AKW, who arethe UK’s market leadingmanufacturer of bathroomand kitchen assisted livingproducts. He was previ-ously Managing Director atIdeal Stelrad Group UK andafter successfully deliveringsignificant growth withinthe UK market, Paul was

appointed to Ideal Stelrad’s GroupExecutive Board of Directors in 2008 asChief Commercial Officer for Europeanand International Businesses. He is alsoa past President of SBGI (now EUA)incorporating Utility Networks and theHeating Hotwater Industry Council (HHIC)

where he was Chairman.In addition, the BMA(Bathroom ManufacturersAssociation) also valuefrom Mr Massey’s experi-ence with his involvementon their management team.

Paul Massey commented: “Iam delighted with this newappointment with theCIPHE, helping to developopen and frank discus-sions on the issues andpolicies that affect those inthe industry.”

ETM Summer 2014 5

AWARDS

6 Summer 2014 ETM

The Livery Companies Skill Council awardsceremony took place at Carpenters’ Hall,London on 10th February 2014.

Special day for CIPHE membersThis prestigious event included represen-tatives from the Worshipful Companiesof Carpenters, Clockmakers, Horners,Lightmongers, Masons, Paviors,Plaisterers, Plumbers, Wax Chandlersand Wheelwrights.

Around 160 people watched AldermanFiona Woolf, The Rt Hon the Lord Mayor ofLondon, present candidates with their

MASTER PLUMBER SCHEME

Certificates. She said: “This excellentscheme has come a very long way sincethe first presentation to a Master Plumberin 2001. I’d like to congratulate everyonereceiving their Certificate today and thoseinvolved with such an innovative andforward thinking scheme.”

Two members of the Chartered Institute ofPlumbing and Heating Engineering(CIPHE) received awards. Martyn Kukkreceived the Master Plumber Certificateand Marcus MacEachmharcaigh waspresented with a Journeyman Certificate.

Kevin Wellman, Chief Executive Officer ofthe CIPHE also attended the ceremony.

Marcus MacEachmharcaigh was presented with a Journeyman Certificate

AWARDS

He said: “One of the main functions of ourInstitute is in setting and maintainingstandards and it was especially pleasing tosee the Master Plumber and JourneymanCertificates presented to Martyn andMarcus, in acknowledgement of theirefforts and achievements in our industry.The training of the next generation ofcraftsmen is as important today as it washundreds of years ago and I hope thatmany more plumbing engineers acrossthe world will aspire to achieve similarrecognition.”

If you would like more information aboutthe plumbing awards, please contactLesley Challis on 01708 463115 or emaillesleyc@ciphe.org.uk

ETM Summer 2014 7

Martyn Kukk was presented with a Master Plumber Certificate

Apprentice Plumber CertificatePlumbing students may be interestedin the CIPHE’s Apprentice PlumberCertificate.

To apply, they need to be an Affiliateor Associate member of the Institute;be qualified to S/NVQ Level 2Diploma or equivalent and be enrolledon an S/NVQ Level 3 Diploma course.

Application packs can be requestedfrom Lesley Challis -lesleyc@ciphe.org.uk

APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING

Eamon Wilson,Managing Director ofEAS Mechanical Ltd,is pleased toannounce theopening of a newtraining centre inNorthampton.

Apprenticeships EAS Mechanical Ltd has opened a newNorthampton based training centre,dedicated to the plumbing and mechanicalsector, the first of its kind in the town.

Based in the town centre, the EAS trainingcentre will offer government fundedapprenticeships in plumbing for individualsemployed by plumbing and H&V compa-nies both locally and further afield. Thisvocational training pathway will be offeredat Levels 1, 2 and 3, on either a day orblock release basis at its new premises.

Designed to suit the needs of employersfrom the wider industry, the first streamswill be starting early this year.

In addition to the apprenticeship training,the new centre will also provide an exten-sive range of short courses for existingoperatives. This includes the Gas SafeACS qualification, water regulations,health and safety and alternative energies.

Eamon Wilson, Managing Director ofEAS Mechanical Ltd, comments: “I amdelighted to be opening this centre inNorthampton. Having both trained as aplumber, and worked as an employer inthis area for many years, I believe this is amuch needed resource. My aim is to helptrain the area’s future generation ofcraftsmen and women to the highstandard needed within the wider industry,while also helping local employers havegreater choice and input into the trainingthey can offer their staff and themselves.

"The opening of our centre means we canalso be among the first to offer the new

Level 1 qualification,which will be of realvalue to the industry. Itwill help school leaversto decide if plumbingis the right career forthem, while alsohelping employersto ascertain if thecandidate is a seriouscontender for a role intheir company. Thosewho have completedthe course should beable to hit the groundrunning from theoutset because of thebasic skills they willhave learnt."

NEW TRAINING CENTRE

8 Summer 2014 ETM

ETM Summer 2014 9

APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING

Call 0800 2922 294 or visit www.easmechanical.co.uk

Partnership training services for successful delivery of plumbing and H&V apprenticeships

EAS Mechanical provides high quality, recognised complete training services. Our dedicated teams of skilled and experienced professionals work alongside like-minded college and training partners to ensure the highest standard of training and the overall successful delivery of their training programmes.

Working with industry leaders to gain recognition through certification

C&G 6089/6088/6189 plumbing/H&V: EAS Mechanical Ltd has been successfully delivering the NVQ /QCF models of assessment for colleges and training providers across the UK.

Working together: You do the theory and we do the assessment: Through our team of qualified assessors and verifiers, we can provide full or part services for your assessment requirements, complete with tracking requirements for Ofsted inspections.

www.easgroup.co.uk

About EAS MechanicalEAS Mechanical is part of the EASGroup – the industry’s provider of highquality, recognised complete trainingservices for the construction andengineering sectors. Its dedicatedteams of skilled and experiencedprofessionals work alongside like-minded college and training partners toensure the highest standard of trainingand the overall successful deliveryof their plumbing and other BSEprogrammes. It provides a high level oftraining for individuals looking to gainindustry recognised qualifications andalso provides further mandatory andadvanced training.

To find out more, please visit ourwebsite: www.easmechanical.co.uk orcall Eamon on 01604 630823.

As well as creating the future generation ofplumbers, the centre will help to upskilllocal operatives so they are work ready inan increasingly competitive marketplace. Itwill also bring a much needed trainingresource to the area.

It is equipped with the latest in plumbingtraining tools and resources, with twomain classrooms and a number ofpractical work and demonstration bays.In addition to this, it has been fitted outwith a bespoke gas training area, wherequalified plumbers will be able to gain thenecessary qualifications to allow them towork at the advanced gas level.

To find out more about the EASMechanical training centre, or to arrange avisit, please call Eamon on: 01604 630823or email info@easmechanical.co.uk

PUBLIC HEALTH

10 Summer 2014 ETM

MISCONNECTIONS MATTER

The ConnectRight campaign aims to stopmisconnections that are damaging waterquality and public health. Find out more...

The factsTwo types of drainage system exist:

• combined, where all flows go to foul sewer and are treated at a sewage works

• separate, where clean rainfall drains directly to river, sea or ground and foul sewage drains to a sewage treatment plant

Awareness of this amongst the public andeven plumbing professionals is poor.

Two types of misconnection exist:

• sewage or waste water are connected toclean surface water drains

• clean water is connected to foul drains

Our concern is mostly with the former.Misconnections cause pollution. Fouldischarges to clean water drains result inuntreated sewage going directly to awatercourse. However, clean rainfall to foulis also a problem as it causes sewerageoverflows, takes up sewer capacity, affectssewage treatment plants and takes energyto pump and treat. Some areas arerunning out of sewer capacity.

Almost all urban streams are affected tosome extent. It is estimated that 15% of

our rivers and 9% (that’s 49 beaches) arefailing water quality standards due tomisconnections and sewer relatedpollution.

Sewage pollution has five mainpolluting effects:

1 - Nutrients - especially Phosphorus,cause excessive plant growth and thenlead to oxygen depletion with die back;they alter the natural ecology and kill fishand other wildlife.

2 - Pathogens - are a health risk and mayaffect shellfisheries.

3 - Organic matter - when digested bybacteria and other microbes, results inoxygen levels being depleted, killing fishand other wildlife.

4 - Toxins – increasing evidence showsthat chemicals like Nonylphenols, washedout of imported clothing and Tryclosan,an anti bacterial agent in hand washes,toothpaste and many other products, areaffecting watercourses. The long termeffect of these substances on wildlife isnot yet clearly understood.

5 - Aesthetic impacts – sewage deriveddebris and ‘solids’.

Half of UK homes are on separate sewers.The exact number with misconnections is

Stop pollution

The connectright.org.uk websitehas a facility for checking formisconnections, plus more

information on misconnectionsand sewer related pollution.

PUBLIC HEALTH

ETM Summer 2014 11

difficult to estimate due to the complexityof the housing stock. The UK WaterIndustry report suggests around 140,000properties, but in some areas investiga-tions have found up to one in fiveproperties misconnected. The real UKtotal could be more than 500,000.

Property conversions, the DIY culture,ignorance of sewers amongst the publicand building trade, all add to the problem.

The most commonmisconnections arewashing machines(35%), sinks (10-15%), dishwashers(10-15%), toilets(5%), whole houses(5%).

Water companiesand the Environ-ment Agency, withsupport from localauthorities, areworking to addressthe problem locallyand nationally.Costs of investiga-tion are high. Watercompanies arespending more andmore, findingmisconnections insewer networks.Current estimates toinvestigate and findall misconnectionsput the figure at asmuch as £450million and tocorrect the drainage£42 million.

Is your home connected right?

www.connectright.org.ukTo find out more visit

Dodgy plumbing?

Misconnected drains pollute your local rivers and beaches.

‘UK PLC’ has to comply with meetingwater quality standards under certainEuropean Directives. We can all playour part in protecting our localenvironment.

Visit the ConnectRight website atwww.connectright.org.uk

HEALTH MATTERS

12 Summer 2014 ETM

MIND YOUR BACKS

Most people are aware that moving andcarrying heavy objects incorrectly, canhave a detrimental effect on the spine.However, it's not just carrying heavy loadsthat can cause problems.

Work conditionsDue to the repetitive nature of the workcarried out by plumbers, the spine can bemore susceptible to injury than most.Working in positions such as bending,stooping, twisting and overhead reaching,all take their toll.

However, teaching can contribute to backpain, especially if you have suffered in thepast. Lower back problems are the mostcommon health conditions amongst theworking population.

Teachers may hurt themselves lifting heavybooks and equipment, bending or stoop-ing over students at their desk and poorposture while seated. This includestwisting, for example, as they turn fromthe board to the class and back again.

Here are a few tips that should helpprevent backache:

• Make sure you are using a chair thatprovides the right ergonomic support and comfort.

• Try to avoid standing in one position for long periods, it's much better to move around.

• Likewise, it's not good to sit for too long either. You need to strike a balance between the two.

• Watch your posture, especially when using a keyboard. A desktop PC may be a better choice than using a laptop.

The spine is made up of 24 movablebones stacked one on top of theother, with the 'shock-absorbing'disc situated in between each bone(vertebrae). When looking at thespine from the side, it should havethree distinct curvatures. One in theneck (cervical region), the midback(thoracic region) and lower back(lumbar region).

Prolonged activity, and this couldmean as little as 30 minutes, canbegin to flatten these curves. Thiscan in turn reduce the shock-absorbing nature of the spine,causing stiffness or pain.

APPRENTICE COMPETITION

ETM Summer 2014 13

CONGRATULATIONS JACK!

Jack Barker, from Petroc College, wins theUK Copper Board Apprentice of the Year2014 competition!

The finalThe final took place in Cheltenham atADEY Professional Heating Solutions'Conference and Training Centre. Held overtwo days, on 30th April and 1st May, theseven contestants certainly proved that if ajob is worth doing, it's worth doing well.

It was a closely fought competition, butJack Barker from Petroc College, repre-senting the South West of England, nailedit! Closely followed by Harry Teasdale ofRedcar & Cleveland College, who wasrunner-up.

Tony Kite, competition judge and KevinWellman, Chief Executive Officer of the

CIPHE presented the winner with a brandnew iPad Air, generously donated by UKCopper Board. Jack also received aMonument Tools pipe bender and aRidgid Tools laser level.

Celia Matthews, who organised thecompetition, gave the following comment:"The competition is in it's sixth year anduntil now the final has always been held ata college. It’s wonderful to have such ahuge amount of support from one of theindustry's leading and most innovativemanufacturers.

“Well done to Jack Barker for a job welldone and to Harry Teasdale as runner-up.Students should remember that if theydidn't win this year, there's always the2015 competition to enter!"

Left to right: Tony Kite, Jack Barker and KevinWellman.

WATERSAFE

GET GIRLS PLUMBING!

14 Summer 2014 ETM

including a full day of radio interviews andnational print coverage throughtout thecampaign.

One major advocate of the campaign is 19-year-old Hayley Phenix, who recently madehistory as the first female winner at herregional heats of the HIP! National YoungApprentice of the Year Awards. Proof thatthere is a place for women in the plumbingtrade, Hayley currently works alongside herfather for his successful plumbing business,AMP Plumbing in Happisburgh, Norfolk.

Hayley comments: “I really enjoy plumb-ing. It’s really hands on, I’m always on themove and no day is ever the same. When Igo on jobs with my dad people are some-times shocked at first, but I actually receivea lot of positive comments with people say-ing things like ‘it’s nice to see a girl work-ing in a trade’ so it’s really encouraging.”

Julie Spinks, Director of WaterSafe com-ments: “Despite this modern age, womenare still severely underrepresented in theplumbing industry, which is clearly as aresult of traditional gender stereotypesingrained at a young age. Our ‘Get GirlsPlumbing’ campaign looks to alleviate thisby encouraging more women to join theindustry and dispel the gender myth onceand for all.

“For young girls who are thinking aboutjoining the industry, or indeed professionalwomen seeking a career change, there arelots of mentoring and training programmesavailable and a good first step might be tocontact their local plumbing companies.”

For more information please visit www.watersafe.org.uk or Tweet @WatersafeUK

With continuous stories of gender biasin the boardroom hitting the headlines,WaterSafe is looking to pull the plug oninequality in the plumbing industry with itsnew ‘Get Girls Plumbing’ campaign.

A new campaignOfficially launched on 20th March 2014 ina high-profile radio day, the campaigncentres on new WaterSafe research, whichreveals that a third of female homeowners(31%) would prefer a female plumber and59% would feel positive about morewomen taking up a trade. Despite suchencouraging statistics, however, only 1%of UK plumbers are currently female.

The issue, according to the WaterSaferesearch, appears to be one of genderstereotyping rooted in the classroom.When asked to recall their careers advice,a third (31%) of women said the boys weremore encouraged to take up a trade and aquarter (24%) feel they were pushed into atypical female role such as teaching,healthcare and office-based positions.

In response, the ‘Get Girls Plumbing’campaign, as fronted by TV presenterAlice Beer, has been designed to encour-age more women to take up a trade witha variety of high impact media activities,

WaterSafe is the new nationwide accreditation scheme for plumbers. As a member, you’ll have a lot to smile about. –– Attract customers with quality assurance

–– Get industry endorsement for your business

–– List your services on our national website

It’s free and easy to join, so be on the safe side and sign up today. WaterSafe.co.uk

Call today on 0333 207 9030 or visit www.WaterSafe.org.uk

WaterSafe is the new accreditation scheme forexisting Approved plumbing businesses in the UK. Get industry endorsement for your company and give peace-of-mind to your customers.

STAY WATERSAFE.GET APPROVED.

n y oadol tlaC 330itsiv etaW.www

0 307 903 23 rokug.ro.efaSre

MEMBERSHIP MATTERS

MEMBERSHIP AMBASSADORS

Miranda Boyce, Membership RecruitmentAdministrator for the CIPHE looks at waysthat the Institute and colleges can worktogether.

Would you like to get involved?We have a number of enthusiasticindividuals who give up their time toencourage membership to plumbing andheating students, these are our Member-ship Ambassadors.

Our Membership Ambassadors assist usin various campaigns and often attendcolleges where they hold presentationsfor the upcoming industry students,emphasising the benefits of becoming amember of their professional body. If youjust want to talk to students at your owncollege, this isn’t a problem.

There is a standard PowerPoint presenta-tion and literature that we can send you to

assist with any presentation that takesplace.

If you would like any more informationon this role, or if you would like someliterature and the PowerPoint presentation,then please do not hesitate to contact me.

Prospects CollegeOn 31st March I went with our ChiefExecutive Officer, Kevin Wellman, toProspects College in Basildon, Essex.The purpose of our visit was to present 44students with their Trainee membershipcertificates and to give them all a free copyof the Institute’s Design Guide.

You may remember from the last issue ofETM that Prospects College became aCIPHE Approved Training Centre. Not onlythat, they paid for 44 students and fourlecturers to become members!

Kevin was very impressed with the facilitiesat the college and is looking forward tobuilding a strong relationship with them inthe future.

16 Summer 2014 ETM

Left: Kevin Wellman is shown with Bryan Clarkat Prospects College. Right: Students receivetheir copies of the Design Guide.

MEMBERSHIP MATTERS

EngTech statusYou may not be aware, but as a licensedprofessional body, the Chartered Instituteof Plumbing and Heating Engineering canregister suitably qualified members atEngineering Technician (EngTech) orIncorporated Engineer (IEng) levels.

Engineering TechnicianAcademic Route - Applicant should holdeither N/SVQ Level 3, City & GuildsAdvanced Craft Certificate, City & GuildsLicentiateship Award (in a suitableengineering discipline), National Certificate/Diploma (in a suitable engineeringdiscipline) or equivalent.

Assessment Route - If applicant holdsCity & Guilds Craft Certificate or NVQ Level

2 with suitable Continuing ProfessionalDevelopment and experience they canapply for registration as an EngTechthrough an assessment paper. Theassessment is to be conducted by eitheran Engineering Technician, Incorporated orChartered Engineer.

Incorporated EngineerApplicants are to hold an accreditedbachelors or honours degree in engineer-ing or technology, or a higher nationalcertificate or diploma or a foundationdegree, plus further learning to bachelorslevel.

Suitable applicants are required to providean extended career summary detailingtheir experience and a portfolio of evidenceand are required to attend a ProfessionalReview Interview (PRI) with a minimum oftwo PRI Panel members.

For further information on registration withEngineering Council, please contact LesleyChallis on 01708 463115 or emaillesleyc@ciphe.org.uk

ETM Summer 2014 17

Ring Miranda on 01708 463114 oremail mirandab@ciphe.org.uk

DESIGN & INSTALLATION

18 Summer 2014 ETM

SOIL AND WASTE PIPEWORK

Robin Oakley reviews the key factors thatmust be considered when designing andinstalling sanitary pipework systems, toensure they fully comply with all thenecessary regulations. This article isreproduced by kind permission of Installermagazine.

MaterialsThe commonest material used fordomestic pipework system vertical stacksis PVC, which is available with push-fit(sometimes called expansion ring seal)joints or solvent weld joints in sizes 82, 110& 160mm. Smaller diameter waste pipesare available in PVC, ABS and polypropy-lene in sizes 32, 40 & 50mm with eithersolvent weld, push-fit or compressionfitting jointing systems. It is advisable notto mix various manufacturers’ products asmanufacturing tolerances may vary whilststill complying with the relevant BSspecifications.

Solvent weld jointingWhilst push-fit joints must be installed tocontrol expansion, a wide range of solventwelded fittings is available. Solvent cementis a hazardous chemical which should beapplied strictly in accordance with themanufacturer’s instructions. Pipe spigotsshould be cut square and deburred, andthe surface of the spigot and the fitting intowhich it is to be inserted should becleaned.

Both surfaces should be coated withsolvent cement using a brush, the jointshould be assembled immediately, beforeremoving any excess cement with a cleanrag. The joint will set in 3-4 minutes so it isimportant to make sure that any bends orbranches are in the correct orientation.

Solvent welded joints cannot be used withpolypropylene pipe.

Thermal expansionWith all plastic waste systems, it isimportant to consider the thermal move-ment that occurs in response to changesin the ambient temperature and thetemperature of the waste water beingdischarged.

Always consult the manufacturer’s data asto the co-efficient of linear expansion fortheir product, but as an example, assum-ing the coefficient of linear expansion forPVC to be 0.04mm/m/oC, a 3-metre lengthof pipe will increase in length by about2.4mm when its temperature increases by20oC. Assuming that a 10-storey buildinghas a height of 3.5m between floors, a soilstack in a cold duct with a winter ambienttemperature of 0oC and waste waterdischarging at 60oC will expand by 84mm(0.04mm/m/oC x 35m x 60oC). With thetotal possible expansion calculated at84mm, the soil stack will need to be fixedwith anchor brackets at each floor leveland expansion of 8.4mm accommodatedwithin each floor level by means of ring-seal push-fit joints.

Robin is an Honorary Fellow and Member of theCIPHE. He is also a member of the Institute’s

Disciplinary Committee

DESIGN & INSTALLATION

For this reason the movement of thepipe-work must be controlled and push-fitfittings are used because, if correctlyinstalled, between two solvent weldedjoints, such movement can be accommo-dated within the push-fit socket. However,it is important that the pipework and fittingsare adequately supported and that thesockets are supported in a fixed positionso that expansion takes place in thecorrect manner.

The expansion gap is created by pushingthe spigot end of the pipe fully into thepushfit socket, marking the outside wall ofthe spigot at the face of the socket, thenpartially withdrawing the spigot, in thiscase by 8.4mm. It is important to ensurethat this gap is maintained during anyfurther installation work on the stack.

A range of supports for suspendedhorizontal pipework are offered by pipemanufacturers and should be used inpreference to supports fabricated on site.Expansion should be controlled at socketsin the same way as with vertical pipes and,where necessary, angle bracing should beused to control lineal and thermal move-ment. On long horizontal runs side bracingmay also be necessary.

Chemical resistanceThe plastics materials PVC, ABS andpolypropylene are very resistant to thechemicals normally found in domesticwaste situations, but where soil stacks areto be installed in industrial buildings,information should be sought as to anychemicals that might be discharged towaste and the advice of the pipeworksystem manufacturers obtained.

VentilationVertical soil stacks, horizontal branchesand waste systems need to be ventilatedto prevent changes in pressure, bothpositive and negative, within the pipework,

which could cause loss of trap seals onappliances due to syphonic action.

Working temperaturesThe maximum working temperature formost manufacturers’ PVC systems is 76oCwhen subject to continuous flow at thattemperature, but higher temperaturedischarges of up to 95oC are acceptableprovided they do not exceed 2 minutesduration.

Pipe supportsPVC pipework systems depend on correctprovision and positioning of pipe supportclips. Clips which fit around pipe socketsare usually plastic coated metal and thesehave to act as anchor brackets to controlexpansion. They are used in conjunctionwith PVC intermediate pipe clips to controlexpansion and contraction and maintainvertical alignment of the stack. Themaximum recommended support centresfor pipework systems are shown in thetable at the top of the next page.

ETM Summer 2014 19

The RegulationsSanitary pipework systems should bedesigned and installed to comply with:

• England & Wales - The Building Regulations, 2010, ApprovedDocument H, Section 1

• Scotland - The Building Standards Technical Handbook (Scotland) 2010: Part M

• Northern Ireland - The Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000,Technical Handbook N.

Recommendations for sanitarypipework design are shown in BS EN12056: 2000, Parts 1 to 5.

DESIGN & INSTALLATION

20 Summer 2014 ETM

AccessSufficient suitable access points fittedwith access covers, plugs or caps, mustbe provided on soil stacks and wastesystems for two reasons: to enable pipe-work to be pressure tested and to enablemaintenance. The points at which theseaccesses should be provided should besuch that the test equipment and anyrodding equipment can be easily insertedand removed.

Bends and branches at the baseof stacksWhere a vertical stack drops through abuilding to connect to a drain, the bend atthe bottom of the stack should be long

radius, having a minimum centre line radiusof 200mm on a 110mm stack and drain.

As an alternative, where a stack drops tohigh level in a ceiling void or a basementcar park, two 45o solvent weld bends witha short piece of straight pipe betweenthem can be used. Care must be takenwhen connecting branch wastes to stacksat ground floor level.

For stacks that are up to three storeyshigh, the distance between the centre lineof the lowest branch and the invert of thedrain should be not less than 450mm.

For stacks up to five storeys high, branchconnections at ground floor level are stillpermitted, but the distance must then benot less than 740mm. If the building is

Pipe material BS nominal pipe size Horizontal support (m) Vertical support (m)

Polypropylene 32 0.5 1.20

Polypropylene 40 0.5 1.20

PVC 32 0.5 1.20

ABS 40 0.5 1.20

ABS 50 0.6 1.20

PVC 82, 110 1.00 2.00

PVC 160 1.20 2.00

Appliances Diameter (mm) Minimum trapSeal depth (mm)

Washbasin or bidet 32 75

Washbasin or bidet 40 75

Bath or shower 40 50

Bowl urinal 40 75

Trough urinal 50 75

Kitchen sink 40 75

Dishwasher or washing machine 40 75

WC 110 50

Table 1 - The maximum recommended support centres for pipework systems

Table 2 - Guidance and recommended lengths for unventilated branch pipes

ETM Summer 2014 21

DESIGN & INSTALLATION

taller than five storeys there should be nobranch connections at ground floor level.Instead, a separate stub stack with its owndrain connection should be provided toserve appliances on the ground floor.

Boss branches and pipesConnections between waste pipes andsoil pipes should be made via bossbranches or boss pipes. Boss branchesare designed to allow multiple waste pipeconnections to be made from differentdirections.

Waste pipe connections to stacks shouldnot be made directly opposite a WCconnection as cross-flow could occur.The boss connections should be fitted withmulti-fit ringseals, which accept eitherPVC, polypropylene or ABS waste pipe.For retro-fitting wastes to existing soilstacks, strap-on-bosses can be used.

Air admittance valvesThese valves are designed to allow air tobe admitted to pipework and preventnegative pressures, which could causeinduced syphonage and loss of trap seals.Air admittance valves only open to admitair and do not open under positivepressure, which would allow the escape of

foul air. They also reduce the number ofroof penetrations for soil stacks.

They should be installed in a verticalposition above the spillover level of thehighest appliance connected to the stack,in a ventilated duct or roofspace. Theyshould not be at risk of freezing and mustalways be accessible for inspection andtesting. They are supplied with polystyreneinsulation covers, which should be fittedon valves installed in roofspaces to preventfreezing.

The soil stack at the head of the drain, oron drains which discharge to septic tanksor cesspools, should always be taken tovent outside the building.

Offsets in soil stacksBest practice requires that soil stacksshould drop vertically with offsets in thewet section of the stack only permittedwhere they cannot be avoided. In suchcases large radius bends or two 45o bendsshould be used at each change ofdirection. On lightly loaded stacks up tothree storeys, high offset venting is notrequired, but on multi-storey buildings,depending on the loading, it may benecessary.

Max.length Pipe gradient Maximum Maximumof pipe (m) (%) Bends (No.) Drop (m)

1.7 2.2 0 0

3.0 1.8 to 4.4 2 0

No limit 1.8 to 9.0 No limit 1.5

3.0 1.8 to 9.0 No limit 1.5

3.0 1.8 to 9.0 No limit 1.5

No limit 1.8 to 9.0 No limit 1.5

3.0 1.8 to 4.4 No limit 1.5

No limit 1.8 minimum No limit 1.5

22 Summer 2014 ETM

DESIGN & INSTALLATION

Branch and waste pipe gradientsThe gradient of a waste pipe should beeven along its length and adequate todrain the appliance, without loss of trapseal due to induced syphonage. Theminimum gradient for 32, 40 and 50mmnominal size pipes should be 8mm/metre.(see Table 2). The maximum lengthsshown in the table may be increasedwhere the branch pipe is ventilated or anair admittance valve is used. For furtherdetails refer to BS EN 12056:2:2000.

Fire ProtectionWhere buildings are in multi-occupancy,(e.g. multi-storey flats, offices, etc.) theBuilding Regulations require that they bedivided into compartments to reduce thespread of fire. Plastic pipework whichpenetrates compartment walls and floorsmust be provided with measures toprevent the spread of fire as shown in theBuilding Regulations Approved DocumentB, as amended 2013.

Soil stacks must be enclosed in fireresistant ducts which extend between thefloor and ceiling within each storey. Theducts can be formed with each side beingof separating or external walls, or by acasing with a Class ‘O’ internal surface togive ½ hour fire resistance. Maximumpenetrations must be no more than160mm diameter vertically and 110mmdiameter horizontally.

Longer periods of fire resistance can beachieved by fitting intumescent fire collarsor fire sleeves to give up to four hours,depending on the construction detail.The fire sleeves should be installed tosurround the soil stack through the entirefloor slab penetration and ideally 25mm ofsleeve should be left protruding abovefloor level and at the underside of the slab.After fitting the pipe and sleeve through apre-cast hole in the slab, the space aroundthe sleeve can be made good using a firerated intumescent mastic or other suitableand approved material.

Fire protection components are availableas part of soil and waste manufacturers’systems and should comply with BS 476:Part 20 and BS EN 1366-3.

Points to remember1. Solvent cement is a hazardous

material; always follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

2. Always make provision for anchoringpipes and allowing for their expansion.

3. Soil stacks need adequate ventilation to prevent loss of trap seal due to syphonic action.

4. Access points are essential for maintenance and testing.

5. Air admittance valves must be installed above spillover level of thehighest appliance.

6. Offsets in soil stacks should be avoided.

7. Gradients of waste pipes should beeven and adequate to drain appliances.

8. Fire protection is essential around soil stacks in multi-storey buildings.

For when you want a sink, a shower and

a loo down here...

...but the drain is all the way

up here.

A drain too far? Because Saniflo products are perfectfor unconventional situations where drainage is a problem, you’ll be able to say ‘yes’ to your customers more often.A bath in the basement, a loo in the loft or a shower under the stairs… go to saniflo.co.uk and think of the possibilities.

PRODUCTS

PLUMBING SOLUTIONS

Saniflo is one of the most widely recog-nised brands in the UK plumbing market,thanks to its range of macerator pumps thatallow domestic and commercial customersto install WC and washing facilities almostanywhere – even if not located in proximityto a soil stack and drainage facilities.

IntroductionSaniflo UK was set up in 1979 with a singlemacerator pump. Today the companyoffers a range of over 50 products includ-ing macerators, pumps, condensing units,shower cubicles and a range of productsdesigned for inclusive bathing, such asbaths, showers and trays.

The original Saniflo unit proved tobe immensely popular and enabledthousands of customers to fit an extraWC into lofts, cupboards, basements,attics and other areas without traditionaldrainage. Today it is complemented by awhole host of Saniflo solutions for differentapplications in both domestic andcommercial environments.

Saniflo Domestic RangeThe domestic range consists of 11solutions for bathrooms and kitchens andincludes the Sanitop, a unit that enablesthe installation of a washbasin as well asa WC to create the perfect cloakroom.Saniplus and Sanipro units can dischargewater from showers and bidets, as well aswaste from basins and WCs, as can therecently re-launched Sanislim, whichworks beautifully with slimline sanitary-ware. These products have facilitated thecreation of many en-suite facilities forhome owners.

With an eye on market trends, Saniflo hasdeveloped units that work with built-in

bathroom units - the Sanipack andwall-hung frame systems - the Saniwall;opening up the options for customersrequiring contemporary bathroomproducts. The company even has acistern-less, ceramic WC, with a built-inmacerator for customers that want theultimate clean look, whilst saving space.The Sanicompact can also take wastewater from a basin, so is equally ideal for aconfined cloakroom setting.

The Sanishower can take waste water froma low gravity shower and basin, whilst thenew Sanifloor has been designed for levelaccess showers and wetrooms and candischarge water from power showers andthe popular rainshower heads.

Finally, the Sanivite has revolutionised theability to drain away waste water fromkitchens, utility rooms, classrooms, etcthrough small bore pipework.

The Saniflo Professional RangeThe Saniflo Professional range has metwith equal success and consists ofmacerators and pumps that can dischargewaste from multiple sources. The powerfulSanicubic is designed for large spaces

24 Summer 2014 ETM

The Sanipack

PRODUCTS

where there are multiple WCs and otherappliances, including washing machinesand dishwashers.

Sanicom 1 & 2 are heavy duty pumps forhigh usage environments such as pubs,commercial kitchens and leisure areas,whilst the highly effective Sanispeed unit,with a 400 watt motor, provides the powerfor lighter commercial applications.

The Sanicondens range, whilst not thetraditional macerator pump associatedwith the Saniflo brand, has nonethelessmet a gap in the market for effectivedisposal of acidic condensate fromcondensing boilers, air conditioning units,dehumidifiers and refrigeration units.

Saniflo shower cubiclesIt’s not widely known that Saniflo has arange of beautifully designed, high qualityshower cubicles in its portfolio. Branded

ETM Summer 2014 25

‘Kinedo’ and offering a leak-free showersolution, these units not only look stun-ning, but can often be assembled in lessthan two hours, thanks to the supremelyclever design. Interior glass panels areprecision engineered to sit snugly withinthe shower tray, so not only do they lookgreat, but any water simply runs downinside the shower with no chance ofescape. No silicone and no grout required.

Sanilife – great looking inclusivedesign solutionsThe Sanilife range of inclusively designedproducts offers practical solutions for theelderly or less able. Beautifully designedand highly functional, the range includesthe Sanimatic rise and fall WC and basinsystem, which is electrically controlled viaa corded remote control and enables theuser to adjust the height position to theirown circumstances.

The large, walk-in Kinemagic ‘bathreplacement’ cubicle features a foldingseat and handrail, ideal for slightly lessmobile users, whilst Sanidoor is a splitdoor shower for wheelchair users andassisting carers. The Kineduo is a stylishbath tub with a high shower screen thatfeatures an access door for easy entry.

The innovative Traymatic is a low profileshower tray with an internal or externalwaste water pump, making it the idealsolution for installing a shower almostanywhere with minimal disruption. It isideal for unbreachable floors and can besupplied with wheelchair ramps.

www.saniflo.co.uk - 020 8842 0033

The CondensePlus

EDUCATION & TRAINING GROUP

26 Summer 2014 ETM

CONTEXT - AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT

Functionality –The capacity to be practicaland functional/specific application.

As has been discussed before, theso-called academic route i.e. GCE/GCSE/Degrees, has always been perceived assuperior and attempts to establish parityof esteem (see previous article in ETM),between the academic and vocationalroutes have successively failed. Indeedsome academics have stated ‘the contextmakes no difference to the learning andteaching process and that it can bedistracting from the subject’. So does thismean that subjects taught in a practicalenvironment are non-real? How canappropriate teaching and learning environ-ments be created for many subjects in therelevant vocational context?

Two distinct, but related aspects need tobe recognised and carefully configured,comprising the basic topics and theapplication of those topics into a particularvocational setting.

Firstly, all learners need to be competentand confident in the basic elements of thesubject/activity. The second aspect is theapplication of these basic elements, asrequired in particular employment areas.The first challenge is to make the

Richard Evans is the Chairman of theCIPHE’s Education and Training Group.In this issue of ETM, he continues thetheme of exploring various elements ofvocational qualifications and theirrelationship with teaching technical andvocational programmes in FurtherEducation.

Technical and vocationalOne of the many strengths of the FEsector and its staff, is their recognition ofthe importance of context in teachingtechnical and vocational programmes.One of the challenges of teaching in FE, isthe need to address the development of avocational focus in curricula, particularlythe content of the material and the criticalaspects of ‘how’ and ‘why’ it is taught andlearnt. It is essential that the teaching andlearning methods and the environments inwhich vocational and practical topics areset, are appropriate and seen by thelearners as being relevant to their courseof study and future employment intentionsand aspirations.

The welcomed current focus on thevocational curriculum has resulted in thedevelopment of revised programmes andframeworks for apprenticeships and theintroduction of the concept of functionalityin mathematics/numeracy and literacy. Forthese developments to be truly effective,they must emphasise the centrality ofcontext in the curriculum and the learningexperience.

To assist the debate let’s define someterminology:

Context - Associated surroundings andsettings/the circumstances relevant tosomething under consideration andsignificant to its true meaning.

EDUCATION & TRAINING GROUP

ETM Summer 2014 27

connection between these two essentialaspects, particularly the relevance for thelearner - namely the value and relevance ofthe basic operations and their subsequentapplication in an employment context/setting.

To attempt to highlight the importance ofcontext/functionality of a particular subject,I will focus on mathematics. All subjectsrequire varying degrees of numerical/mathematical competences and this canpresent major challenges to teachers/tutors, particularly if the students show adislike to the subject because of previouspoor teaching in schools. The nextcomplication is the wide diversity of themathematical requirements across themultitude of occupations.

For example, one only has to identify theimportance in work of a number of mathe-matical topics required in plumbing andheating engineering. Essential topicsidentified include conversions involvingpercentages/fractions/imperial and SIunits, transpositions, estimation and theneed to understand the importance oftolerances/errors, etc. Many teachers andtutors in FE have for decades succeededin getting students to understand andadapt mathematical operations to theirwork environments. Many of these teach-ers have worked in those employmentareas, or are part-time tutors still active inthe relevant industry or service and as aresult fully appreciate what is required.They have to have direct experience of theapplications and teach those elements inthe appropriate environment/setting.

Much can be achieved to establish thecorrect context through simulation or moreeffectively in real working environments(RWEs) or whether in practice/assessmentbooths. These approaches immediatelypresent problems for the institution and theteachers/tutors, particularly in regard toresources e.g. financial, human and

The editorial

deadline for

the next issue

of ETM is 5th

September 2014

physical. Institutions need to provideadequate resources and infrastructureand be fit for purpose to support theteachers/tutors.

Other approaches in realisingappropriate contexts are workexperience/placements and sandwichprogrammes, which strengthen thelinks with industry and FE. Apprentice-ship programmes have the advantagethat they are predominately work-based with opportunities for releaseto colleges to complement and addvalue to the direct experience in thework place.

In summary:In order for the current developmentof vocational programmes to besuccessful, a great more attentionneeds to be given to context andfunctionality.

It is also essential that employersand college staff are directlyinvolved in the development of thecurriculum and delivery frameworks.

COMMISSIONING PROCEDURE

This safety notice has been issued onbehalf of HHIC, CoGDEM, Benchmark &Gas Safe Register. It relates to CO andcombustion ratio checks using anElectronic Combustion Gas Analyser(ECGA) on commissioning a condensingboiler.

New procedureFollowing concerns arising from a verysmall number of carbon monoxide (CO)incidents involving condensing boilers, theHeating and Hotwater Industry Council(HHIC) has developed a procedure forchecking and recording CO level andcombustion ratio (CO/CO2) in the boilerflue gas, as part of the commissioningprocess.

This procedure has been agreed by allboiler manufacturers who are membersof HHIC and its development has beensupported by a wide cross-section of theindustry, including Gas Safe Register,CoGDEM, Energy and Utility Skills, majorinstallation companies, HSE and theDepartment for Business, Innovation andSkills (BIS) - the UK government depart-ment with prime responsibility for gassafety issues.

Boiler manufacturers are confident that allappliances leave their factory accuratelyset to give efficient combustion and mini-mum CO levels and should not requireadjustment of the air/gas ratio valve duringinstallation. However, they do not have anycontrol over the integrity of the flue towhich the boiler is attached, or of othersituations which may arise during installa-tion. For this reason it has been agreedthat at the end of the commissioningprocess a final ECGA check of flue gasCO level and combustion ratio must becarried out.

SAFETY NOTICE

28 Summer 2014 ETM

It is important to note that the procedureis intended as a simple commissioningcheck and does not apply to service ormaintenance activities involving adjust-ment of the air/gas ratio control valve.For these activities separate guidanceis available in boiler manufacturers’instructions and in related Gas SafeRegister Technical Bulletins.

The checking procedure has beenpublished by Gas Safe Register as a newTechnical Bulletin (TB143) and is illustratedin the form of a flowchart, designed toensure that ECGA measurements arecarried out in a consistent and technicallycorrect manner, so that accurate readingsare obtained for recording purposes. TheTB and flowchart are intended as a genericguide, however, all HHIC boiler manufac-turers have agreed that they will also formthe basis of guidance given in their owninstallation instructions.

Boiler manufacturers are confident thatflue gas CO levels and combustion ratiosshould be well within the limits indicated inthe flowchart and they may thereforechoose to give lower ‘action levels’ forCO and combustion ratio in their owninstructions. The boiler manufacturer’sinstructions must be followed, if available.

In the absence of these instructions,manufacturers have agreed that the actionlevels given in the TB - flue gas CO levelless than or equal to 350ppm ANDCombustion Ratio less than or equal to0.0040 - will ensure that the installationcan be considered safe.

Revised Benchmark CommissioningChecklistAssuming they are within expected limits,CO level and combustion ratio mustbe recorded on the Benchmark

SAFETY NOTICE

Commissioning Checklist provided withevery new boiler. This will give both thecustomer and the installer confidence (andevidence) that the heating system hasbeen left in a safe and efficient workingcondition.

HHIC boiler manufacturers have agreedthat completion of the BenchmarkCommissioning Checklist is regarded as acondition of manufacturer’s warranty –hence failure to record CO level andcombustion ratio on commissioning mayaffect warranty provision for the customer.

Completion of appropriate commissioningdocumentation (such as the BenchmarkCommissioning Checklist), is a require-ment of Building Regulations and thereforeas part of their follow-up inspection

process, Gas Safe Register will defect aninstallation for non-compliance if CO andcombustion ratio are not correctlyrecorded on the commissioningdocumentation.

ETM Summer 2014 29

The current version of the BenchmarkCommissioning Checklist allows anoption for recording ‘if required’. HHIChas now issued a revised version with aformal requirement to record CO andcombustion ratio. This version will beused by all HHIC boiler manufacturersfrom April 2014 - at which time themeasurement and recording of CO andcombustion ratio on commissioning willbe a requirement.

INDUSTRY SUPPORTERS

30 Summer 2014 ETM

Mitsubishi ElectricTravellers Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 8XBTel: 01707 282880 Contact: Graham TempleEmail: heating@meuk.mee.comWebsite: www.mitsubishielectric.co.uk

The company’s Ecodan range of airsource heat pumps provide reliable andrenewable heating for homes, schools andoffices, even in the depths of winter.

The following organisations maybe able to support your college in anumber of ways. This could be inthe form of giving technical talks tostudents, supplying technicalinformation or literature, special offers,discounts, products for workshops orfactory visits. Please contact them tofind out what help is available.

EAS Mechanical LimitedTel: 01604 630823 Email: easmech@me.comWebsite: www.easmechanical.co.uk

EAS Mechanical provides high quality,recognised training services for theplumbing industry. Its skilled andexperienced team works alongside like-minded college and training partners toensure the highest standard of trainingand the successful delivery of their trainingprogrammes. EAS also has its own centrein Northampton, delivering Level 1, 2 and3 vocational training, as well as mandatoryand advanced short courses.

John Guest LimitedHorton Rd, West Drayton, Middx UB7 8JL.Tel: 01895449233Contact: Nigel Sanger, Technical ManagerPlumbingE-mail: Nigel.Sanger@johnguest.co.ukMobile: 07764 883263Websites: www.johnguest.co.uk

www.speedfit.co.ukwww.speedfitufh.co.uk

The John Guest Group has a longestablished reputation as a world leadingmanufacturer of the Speedfit push-fitplumbing fittings for heating, hot and coldwater supply. We also manufacture under-floor heating systems and controls. JohnGuest has a reputation built on producingconsistently high quality products withan on-going commitment to valueengineering and product development.

ADVERTISINGIf you would like to advertise in ETMplease contact Carol Cannavan on

01708 459376 or emailcarol@aspire-editorial.co.uk

INDUSTRY SUPPORTERS

ETM Summer 2014 31

Worcester, Bosch GroupCotswold Way, Warndon, WorcesterWR4 9SWTel: 01905 752723 Contact: Phil BunceEmail: philip.bunce@uk.bosch.comWebsite: www.worcester-bosch.co.uk

Since 1962, when Worcester pioneereddomestic oil-fired boilers, the company’scommitment to excellence hasn’t changed.That commitment has only strengthenedsince Worcester became part of the BoschGroup - one of the world’s leading namesin high-end technology.

Viessmann LimitedHortonwood 30Telford TF1 7YPTelephone: 01952 675032Contact: Viessmann AcademyEmail: academy-uk@viessmann.com

The Viessmann Group is one of theleading international manufacturers ofheating systems. Founded in 1917, thefamily business maintains a staff ofapproximately 10,600 employees andgenerates 1.89 billion Euro in annualgroup turnover.

With 27 production and project manage-ment divisions in 11 countries, businessactivities in 74 countries, 32 subsidiariesand 120 sales offices around the world,Viessmann is an internationally orientatedcompany.

WaterSafe Installers’ Scheme Ltd30 Fern Close, Pen Y Fan Industrial Estate,Oakdale, Gwent NP11 3EHTel: 0333 207 9030 Contact: Ben BostockEmail: Ben.Bostock@wras.co.uk Website: WaterSafe.org.uk

WaterSafe aims to raise plumbingstandards by helping customers find thenearest qualified plumbing professionals.The Scheme gives promotion to approvedplumbing businesses and is free to join forexisting members of the seven ApprovedContractors’ Schemes in the UK. For more information visit our website.

Saniflo LtdHoward House, The Runway, SouthRuislip, Middlesex HA4 6SE.Tel: 020 8842 4040Fax: 020 8842 0646Email: sales@saniflo.co.ukWebsite: www.saniflo.co.uk

Saniflo is the UK's leading producer ofsmall bore macerator pumps, allowingcustomers to add facilities in domesticand commercial buildings wheretraditional drainage isn't easily accessible.The company also had a range of showercubicles - the Kinedo range - as well asthe Sanilife range of inclusive products.

www.hip-magazine.co.uk

GOOD QUALITY PUBLICATIONS SNG Publishing has worked closely with lecturers, assessors and manufacturers for 7 years to create and distribute apprentice focused titles that enhance the lecturers teaching material and enrich the learning experience.

COLLEGE SUBSCRIPTIONGive your learners the best resource they need to pass

FROM JAN 2013, HIP! WILL BE AVAILABLE BY SUBSCRIPTION ONLYSubscribe now by calling 0870 774 3049

Thank you once again for sending copies of your magazine. We think the new format is very good and is now very useful as a learning resource...

Ian Sidgwick - Course TutorCarlisle College

What’s included in your subscription fee?

TECHNICAL SUPPORTCall us or email admin@sng-publishing.co.uk We aim to respond to any technical queries within 48 hours

www.hip-magazine.co.uk

SPONSORED BY

www.milwaukeetool.co.uk

Contact Rachael Anderson: 01242 285305Rachael.anderson@mirashowers.comwww.mirashowers.co.uk/headstart

Head Start is Mira’s training support programme for further

education colleges.A World leader in pump technology & solutions

Contact: uk-sales@grundfos.comwww.grundfos.co.uk

MAIN & SUPPLEMENTARY BONDINGWHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?

22 / SPARKS Magazine

EXERCISE THREE

ELECTRICAL SCIENCE REVISION: CAPACITORS

A capacitor consists of two

metallic plates separated

by an insulator.

When a voltage is applied

between the plates an

electric charge is created.

The charge remains when

the voltage is removed.

If the plates are connected

together then the charge

will be dissipated.

Check out www.sparks-magazine.co.uk

Dielectric

Metallic Plates

Try this:

Q1) Complete the following missing words exercise:

A capacitor is an electrical component capable of storing

The two parts of a capacitor are:

i) The conductive plates ii) The

The Unit of Capacitance is the

The three factors that determine the capacitance and charge on a capacitor are:

i) The surface

of the plates

ii) The

between the plates (the thickness of the dielectric)

iii) The

the dielectric is made from

Q2) Identify the type of capacitor represented by the following symbols:

AB

+

C

20 / SPARKS Magazine

EXERCISE TWO

Recognising Electronic Components

Identify each of the following electronic circuit components and write the name in the box adjacent.

SYMBOLCOMPONENT

SYMBOLCOMPONENT

AnodeCathode

AnodeCathode

Anode 2

Anode 1

Gate

Check out www.sparks-magazine.co.uk

PUBLISHED TITLES >> HIP! Magazine: Published 3 times a year >> HIP! Annual: Published once a year

ONLINE ACTIVITIES >> Access to Log In Area PDF worksheets – Questions & Answers Sample exam questions Useful teaching material Magazines available electronically Short instructional videos

Some resources made available to College VLE Moodle site

>> Website Directory Listing Training courses listing with opportunity to amend during year College logo & contact details

CLASSROOM RESOURCES >> Posters: Printed and distributed to colleges each year