Slide 1

Slide 2 Produce theocratic government that combine religious dogmas and political power Replace politheism with monotheism Miths were repalaced by religious dogmas Social form developed to an authoritarian government (by king/monarchy) backed up by religious authority (priest) Influence to planning: the growth of AUTHORITARIAN PLANNING 2 Slide 3 AUTHORITARIAN PLANNING CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTHORITARIAN PLANNING Form: geometric planning Occurance of long and straight paths/roads Facade: tend to be uniform Provide plaza/piaza at the front of monumental building 3 Slide 4 Settlement blocks : square boulevard and large parks 4 Karlsruhe Germany Sumber: Wicaksono, AD. Pelatihan Perencanaaan Kota dan Wilayah, 2006 Slide 5 Karlruhe 5 THEOCENTRISM Sumber: Wicaksono, AD. Pelatihan Perencanaaan Kota dan Wilayah, 2006 Slide 6 Within the context of planning utopia means no where land or dreamland or imagination SOCIAL UTOPIA Hyphothesis: human being will be better, hepier, more productive and religious when its social order is changed Founder:Plato PHYSICAL UTOPIA Hyphothesis: human well being will be better, healthier and more satisfying when physical environment is properly designed Founder of Physical Utopia: Thomas More (16th C) 6 Sumber: Wicaksono, AD. Pelatihan Perencanaaan Kota dan Wilayah, 2006 Slide 7 Other Physical Utopia co-founders: Robert Owen (1824) with his concept A New View of Sciety Le Corbusier (20th C) with his preposition A city made for speed is made for success Franks Lloyd Wright (20th C) Whith his conceot Broadacre City or a larger scale city 7 Slide 8 The works of Le Corbusier 8 Sumber: Wicaksono, AD. Pelatihan Perencanaaan Kota dan Wilayah, 2006 Slide 9 9 UTOPIANISM Le Corbusier Slide 10 10 Slide 11 Criticism to UTOPIANISM Utopia does not clarify the way to achieve such situation This criticism led to the concept of urban environmental planning Influence to planning: ROMANTIC PLANNING: Developed values of humanism that have been undervalued by industrial system and bureaucracy Humanism are associated with rural values, clean and fresh atmosphere, trees and open space 11 Slide 12 Garden City of Ebenezer Howard 12 Slide 13 Garden City of Ebenezer Howard 13 Slide 14 How about in Indonesia? Grew together with colonialism As a copy of Europe E.g. Jogja: Kota Baru area Bandung: Dago area Semarang: Candi Baru area Malang: ijen street and its surrounding area 14 Slide 15 Alun-alun Bunder of Malang 15 Slide 16 19th was believed as modern development age, known as the century of Positivism The development was indicated by modern knowledge and positive science. Founder of Positivisme: August Comte (1798-1857) The meaning of Positivisme for Comte: Real, refuse metaphysics and teologic, useful for achieving progress, clear and obvious for betterment 16 Slide 17 17 Slide 18 The Meaning of Development for Comte: Positive movement, movement to higher level and more advance, steering by scientists and industrialists Influnce to planning: Planning must 1. Has social reform capacity 2. Has exact images 3. Be the blue print of the Planning Board in the formulation of determined programs to achieve 4. Ensure the implementation of programs without any changes 5. Tend to technical / engineering works in applying technical standards through master-plan approach 18 Slide 19 Philosophy based on ratio or brain The source of knowledge is ratio / brainware Empiric experiences will function to strengthen the rational thinking All sense of sensation are doubtful, relative, subject to change, and misleading Working methods used by rationalists were deductive approach 19 Slide 20 Rationalists/ proponents: Rene Descrates (1596-1650) Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) Spinoza (1632-1677) Karl Raymond Popper (1902-1994) 20 DescratesPascal K.Raymond Popper Slide 21 The influence to planning A shift from traditional planning engineering knowledges to scientific Social knowledges took part in planning world. Character of Rastionalism: a. Planning is general pattern of thinking and actions b. Planning is public activities for community to rationally control and decide the development c. The essence of planning is rational thinking for the sake of human being. 21 Slide 22 Background Emerged from the objection or no trust to precedented theories The changes were not led by external thinking but direct empirical experiences Contents of PRAGMATISM The truth is searched through praxis experiences Based on the direct sensations of direct experiences The goal is BENEFIT 22 Slide 23 PROPONENTS: William James (1842-1910) John Dewey (1859-1952) 23 William James John Dewey Slide 24 The influence to planning is the emergence of PRAGMATIC PLANNING a s a criticism to procedural planning theory. Pragmatic Pl. stresses on market decision-making Urban development is fully modified by market mechanism, with less intervention from the government. Often called as against Theory or against planning Action is important (getting things done) Orientation on benefit or function Planning models were based on market condition than planning theories. The product of laissez faire economic system (free market competition) 24 Slide 25 Philosophy of knowledge that pays attention on the phenomena proponents: Edmund Husserl (1959-1938) Max Scheller (1874-1928) Maurice Merleau Ponty (1908-1961) Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) 25 Husserl M.M. Ponty Heidegger Slide 26 Basic concepts: 1. Focused on the actual phenomena 2. Blending objects with subjects 3. Human is part of the whole life aspects 4. Refuse conformity models 5. Relativity of reality can be understood from the aggregate of individuals 26 Slide 27 The influence of phenomenology to planning: a. Disbelieve to holistic general planning (comprehensive planning & positive Planning) b. Planning must be oriented to community welfares, not the tools of political interest nor capital interest c. Planning must be responsive to support new concensus based on individual interactions d. Planner must take roles as agent of change, facilitators, trainers and organizers. 27 Slide 28 e. Does not start from goals nor objectives, but social criticism to actual condition f. Goals are formulated with communities g. Based on bottom up process h. Ideas must come from societies i. Planners facilitate the community to formulate policies, programs, strategies, designs, projects and budgets. 28