PROCUREMENT OF IMPLEMENTER FOR PILOT INCENTIVES FOR … · 2021. 7. 9. · Eduard Lir 10, Arbëri ....

PROCUREMENT OF IMPLEMENTER FOR PILOT INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Pilot Incentives for Household Investments in Energy Efficiency

Project Reference Number: EMENA-KOS18MCC5206

13 April 2020

2

Implemented by

GFA Consulting Group

& HPC AG

Pilot Incentives for Household Investments in Energy Efficiency

M a r k e t S t u d y

( F i n a l R e p o r t ) S u b - d e l i v e r a b l e s n o . 4 . 2 ( H E R ) a n d 5 . 2 ( A E R )

Address

Pilot Incentives for Household

Investments in Energy Efficiency

Eduard Lir 10, Arbëri

10000 Pristina

Kosovo

Phone: +383 (0)38 604-239

// /

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ISSUE AND REVISION RECORD Date Originator Reviewer Approver Description

13/04/2020 Bujar Zeneli Marijan Hohnjec,

Besim Islami,

Miranda Rashani,

Marko Kosir

Zoran Morvaj Market Study

(Final Report)

Note: The Final Report was approved by MFK on 03 August 2020.

This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose.

We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties.

This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from us and from the party which commissioned it.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS SYNOPSIS ..................................................................................................................................................7

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ..................................................................................................8

LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... 10

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... 13

SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................. 14

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 15

1.1 Background ..................................................................................................... 15

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................. 15

3. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................. 16

3.1 Approach......................................................................................................... 16

3.2 Reference buildings ........................................................................................ 17

3.3 Calculation parameters and used terminology .............................................. 20

4. MARKET PRICES RESEARCH FOR EE/RES MEASURES IN THE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING STOCK IN KOSOVO ................................................................................................................................................. 22

4.1 External walls – technical and turnkey cost parameters ................................ 22

4.1.1 External walls thermal insulation products, turnkey prices and cost breakdown ........ 23

4.1.2 Energy-related analysis and results for IH and MAB ..................................................... 26

4.2 Roof – technical and turnkey cost parameters .............................................. 27

4.2.1 Eligibility criteria for roof thermal insulation EE measures ........................................... 27

4.2.2 Roof thermal insulation products, turnkey prices and cost breakdown ....................... 28


4.3 Basement floor – technical and turnkey cost parameters ............................. 30

4.3.1 Eligibility criteria for basement floor thermal insulation .............................................. 30

4.3.2 Floor thermal insulation products, turnkey prices, and cost breakdown ..................... 32


4.4 Windows – technical and turnkey cost parameters ....................................... 34

4.4.3 Eligibility criteria for EE windows measures .................................................................. 34

4.4.4 EE windows products, turnkey prices, and cost breakdown ......................................... 35


4.5 External doors – technIcal and turnkey cost parameters .............................. 38

4.5.1 Eligibility criteria for external doors .............................................................................. 38

4.5.2 EE external doors, turnkey prices and cost breakdown ................................................ 38

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4.6 Central heating system with biomass boiler – technical and turnkey cost parameters ................................................................................................................ 40

4.6.1 Eligibility criteria for central heating system with biomass boiler ................................ 40

4.6.2 Biomass boiler product, turnkey prices and cost breakdown ....................................... 41


4.7 Biomass stoves – technical and turnkey cost parameters ............................. 44

4.7.1 Eligibility criteria for biomass efficient stoves ............................................................... 44

4.7.2 Biomass efficient stoves, turnkey prices and cost breakdown ..................................... 45


4.8 Central heating system with heat pump – technical and turnkey cost parameters ................................................................................................................ 46

4.8.1 Eligibility criteria for the EE central heating system with heat pump ........................... 46

4.8.2 EE heat pump systems, turnkey prices and cost breakdown ........................................ 47


4.9 Heat pump – technical and turnkey cost parameters .................................... 49

4.9.1 Eligibility criteria for EE heat pump ............................................................................... 49

4.9.2 EE heat pump systems, turnkey prices and cost breakdown ........................................ 50


4.10 Lighting system – technical and turnkey cost parameters ............................. 52

4.10.1 Eligibility criteria for efficient lighting systems ............................................................. 52

4.10.2 Efficient lighting systems, turnkey prices and cost breakdown .................................... 52


4.11 Solar hot water system – technical and turnkey cost parameters ................. 54

4.11.1 Eligibility criteria for solar domestic hot water systems ............................................... 54

4.11.2 Solar hot water system turnkey prices and cost breakdown ........................................ 55


4.12 Heat pump (split system) – technical and turnkey cost parameters ............. 57

4.12.1 Eligibility criteria for EE heat pump (split system) measures ........................................ 57

4.12.2 Heat pump split system turnkey prices and cost breakdown ....................................... 57


5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................... 60

5.1 Retrofit of individual houses .......................................................................... 60

5.2 Retrofit of multi-apartment building .............................................................. 62

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5.3 Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 63

5.4 Recommendations .......................................................................................... 64

Annex 1: Calculation sheet of energy need for IH in existing conditions .............................................. 66

Annex 2: Calculation of saving potential – roof insulation of IH ........................................................... 67

Annex 3: Calculation of saving potential – wall insulation of IH ........................................................... 68

Annex 4: Calculation of saving potential – floor insulation of IH .......................................................... 69

Annex 5: Calculation of saving potential – windows replacement of IH ............................................... 70

Annex 6: Calculation of saving potential – door replacement of IH ..................................................... 71

Annex 7: Calculation sheet of energy need for IH after the implementation of all measures ............. 72

Annex 8: Calculation sheet of energy need for MAB in existing conditions ......................................... 73

Annex 9: Calculation of saving potential – roof insulation of MAB ...................................................... 74

Annex 10: Calculation of saving potential – wall insulation of MAB ..................................................... 75

Annex 11: Calculation of saving potential – floor insulation of MAB .................................................... 76

Annex 12: Calculation of saving potential – windows replacement of MAB ........................................ 77

Annex 13: Calculation of saving potential – door replacement of MAB ............................................... 78

Annex 14: Calculation sheet of energy need for MAB after the implementation of all measures ....... 79

Annex 15: List of additional works ........................................................................................................ 80

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SYNOPSIS Project title: PROCUREMENT OF IMPLEMENTER FOR PILOT INCENTIVES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY Project Ref. number: EMENA-KOS18MCC5206 Contracting Authority: Millennium Foundation Kosovo (MFK) Beneficiaries: HHs (Residential Sector) Region / Country Republic of Kosovo Contractor: GFA Consulting Group / HPC AG Consortium Contract signed: 13 September 2019 Effective date: 23 September 2019 Closure date: 30 September 2021

Representatives of Contract Parties:

MFK

(single contact points)

Petrit Selimi (PS) (Chief Executive Officer), [email protected] Burim Hashani (BH) (Energy Director), [email protected]

IC Team (single contact points)

Technical Backstopping

Zoran Morvaj (ZM) (Project Director - PD), [email protected] Marko Kosir (MK) (Team Leader - TL), [email protected] Henrik Uehlecke (HU) (GFA), [email protected] Ali Ahmeti (AA) (HPC), [email protected]

MFK Team; Vacant position Rozafa Ramadani M. (RR) Rina Meta (RM) Vacant position Violeta Rexha (VR) Agron Bektashi (AB) Arton Citaku (AC) Anila Statovci Demaj (ASD) Arta Krasniqi (AK) Merolind Osmanaj (MO)

Energy Specialist Private Sector Dev. Specialist Public Affairs & Outreach Sp. Monitoring and Evaluation Sp. Gender and Social Inclusion S. Environmental & Social Per. S. Procurement Director Dir. of Finance and Administr. Legal Consultant Procurement Consultant

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

IC Expert Team: Marijan Hohnjec (MH) Besim Islami (BI) Miranda Rashani (MR) Janna Fortmann (JAF) Zoran Bogunovic (ZB) Thyrsos Hadjicostas (TH) Elisabeth Muench (LM) Mimoza Dugolli (MD) Jelena Festini (JEF) Albana Ferraj (AF) Helmut Lorentz (HL)

HER IP Leader AER IP Leader AER IP Deputy Leader WEE IP Leader BC&O KE MEL KE GSI KE EHS KE Procurement Specialist Financial Admin. Specialist Grant Manager

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Project office: Eduard Lir 10, Arbëri, 10000, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo Telephone: +383 (0)38 604-239 https://millenniumkosovo.org/seek

mailto:[email protected]























mailto:jelena.festini@exideo


https://millenniumkosovo.org/seek

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS Abbr. & Symbols

Description / Meaning

AER Apartment Building Efficiency Retrofit

BC&O Behavioral Change and Outreach

COP Coefficient of performance

DHW Domestic hot water

EE Energy efficiency

EL Electrical

EEM Energy Efficiency Measures

EHS Environment, Health and Safety

ETICS External Thermal Insulation Composite System

EU European Union

EUR Euro (European currency unit)

FW Fuelwood

LED Light Emitting Diode

GFA GFA Consulting Group GmbH

GIZ German Corporation for International Cooperation

GoK Government of Kosovo

GSI Gender and Social Inclusion

HER Household Efficiency Retrofit

HH Household

IC Implementer (Implementing Consultant)

IH Individual House

IFI International Financing Institution

IP Intervention package

KE Key expert

MAB Multi-apartment building

MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation

MEL Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning

MFK Millennium Foundation Kosovo

NKE Non-key expert

PBP Payback Period

PD Project Director

PIEE Pilot Incentives for Household Investments in EE

P/M Products and materials

RELP Reliable Energy Landscape Project

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Abbr. & Symbols

Description / Meaning

RES Renewable Energy System

SAS Social welfare Assistance

SEEK Subsidies for Energy Efficiency in Kosovo

TA Technical Assistance

TABULA Typology Approach to Building Stock Energy Assessment

TBD To be determined

TL Team Leader

ToR Terms of Reference

UN United Nations

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LIST OF TABLES SN Title Page

1 Table 3.1: Basic construction parameters of the Reference IH 18

2 Table 3.2: Basic construction parameters of the Reference MAB 20

3 Table 4.1: Construction and U-values information of the Reference IH walls before and after EE measures

23

4 Table 4.2: Construction and U-values information of the Reference MAB walls before and after EE measures

23

5 Table 4.3: Prices and costs of EE measures for the external walls of the Reference IH 24

6 Table 4.4. Prices and costs of EE measure for the external walls of the Reference MAB 24

7 Table 4.5. Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of external walls for the Reference IH

25

8 Table 4.6: Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of external walls for the Reference MAB

25

9 Table 4.7: Energy-related estimations of installing EE measures on the walls of the Reference IH 26

10 Table 4.8: Energy-related estimations of installing EE measures on the walls of the Reference MAB

26

11 Table 4.9: Construction and U-values information of the Reference IH roof before and after EE measures

27

12 Table 4.10: Construction and U-values information of the Reference MAB roof before and after EE measures

28

13 Table 4.11 The EE measure prices for the roof of the Reference IH 28

14 Table 4.12 The EE measure prices for the roof of the Reference MAB 28

15 Table 4.13: Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of roof for the Reference IH 29

16 Table 4.14: Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of roof for the Reference MAB 29

17 Table 4.15: Energy and cost saving potential of EE measures on the roof of the Reference IH 30

18 Table 4.16: Energy and cost saving potential of EE measures on the roof/attic of the Reference MAB

30

19 Table 4.17: Construction parameters and U-value of the Reference IH basement floor before and after EE measures

31

20 Table 4.18: Construction parameters and U-value of the Reference MAB floor before and after EE measures

31

21 Table 4.19: The EE measure prices for the floor of the Reference IH 32

22 Table 4.20: The EE measure prices for the floor of the Reference MAB 32

23 Table 4.21: Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of floor for the Reference IH 33

24 Table 4.22: Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of floor for the Reference MAB 33

25 Table 4.23: Energy-related estimations of installing EE measures on the floor of the Reference IH 33

26 Table 4.24. Energy-related estimations of installing EE measures on the floor of the Reference MAB

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SN Title Page

27 Table 4.25. Windows EE measure prices for the Reference IH 35

28 Table 4.26: Windows EE measure prices for the Reference MAB 35

29 Table 4.27: Estimated investment costs of windows replacement for the Reference IH 36

30 Table 4.28: Estimated investment costs of windows installation for the Reference MAB 36

31 Table 4.29: Energy-related estimations of installing EE windows in the Reference IH 37

32 Table 4.30: Energy-related estimations of installing EE windows in the Reference MAB 37

33 Table 4.31: Doors EE measure prices for the Reference IH 38

34 Table 4.32: Doors EE measure prices for the Reference MAB 39

35 Table 4.33: Estimated investment costs of doors installation for the Reference IH 39

36 Table 4.34: Estimated investment costs of doors installation for the Reference MAB 39

37 Table 4.35: Energy-related estimations of installing EE external doors in the Reference IH 40

38 Table 4.36: Energy-related estimations of installing EE external doors in the Reference MAB 40

39 Table 4.37. The prices for the central heating system with biomass boiler for the Reference IH 41

40 Table 4.38: The prices for the central heating system with biomass boiler for the Reference MAB 42

41 Table 4.39: Estimated investment cost for installing a biomass central heating system for the Reference IH

42

42 Table 4.40: Estimated investment costs of heating system installation for the Reference MAB 43

43 Table 4.41: Energy-related estimations of installing biomass central heating system in the Reference IH

44

44 Table 4.42: Energy-related estimations of installing biomass central heating system in the Reference MAB

44

45 Table 4.43. Heating system with biomass stove prices for the Reference IH 45

46 Table 4.44. Heating system with biomass stove prices for the Reference MAB 45

47 Table 4.45: Estimated investment costs of biomass stoves for the Reference IH 45

48 Table 4.46: Estimated investment costs of biomass stoves for the Reference MAB 45

49 Table 4.47: Energy-related estimations of installing biomass stove in the Reference IH 46

50 Table 4.48: Energy-related estimations of installing biomass stove in the Reference MAB 46

51 Table 4.49: Prices of the central heating system with heat pumps for the Reference IH 47

52 Table 4.50: Prices of the central heating system with heat pumps for the Reference MAB 48

53 Table 4.51: Estimated investment costs for the central heating system with heat pumps of the Reference IH

48

54 Table 4.52: Estimated investment costs for the central heating system with heat pumps of the Reference MAB

48

55 Table 4.53: Energy-related estimations of installing the central heating system with heat pump in the Reference IH

49

56 Table 4.54: Energy-related estimations of installing the central heating system with heat pump in the Reference MAB

49

57 Table 4.55: Heat pumps prices for the Reference IH 50

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SN Title Page

58 Table 4.56: Heat pumps prices for the Reference MAB 50

59 Table 4.57: Estimated investment costs of heat pumps for the Reference IH 50

60 Table 4.58: Estimated investment costs of heat pumps for the Reference MAB 51

61 Table 4.59: Energy and cost saving potential of heat pumps for the Reference IH 51

62 Table 4.60: Energy and cost saving potential of heat pumps for the Reference MAB 52

63 Table 4.61: Lighting system prices for the Reference IH 52

64 Table 4.62: Lighting system prices for the Reference MAB 53

65 Table 4.63: Estimated investment costs of lighting system for the Reference IH 53

66 Table 4.64: Estimated investment costs of lighting system for the Reference MAB 53

67 Table 4.65: Energy and cost saving potential of lighting system for the Reference IH 54

68 Table 4.66: Energy and cost saving potential of lighting system for the Reference MAB 54

69 Table 4.67: Solar water system prices for the Reference IH 55

70 Table 4.68: Solar water system prices for the Reference MAB 55

71 Table 4.69: Estimated investment costs of solar water for the Reference IH 56

72 Table 4.70: Estimated investment costs of solar water for the Reference MAB 56

73 Table 4.71: Energy and cost saving potential of solar water system for the Reference IH 56

74 Table 4.72: Energy and cost saving potential of solar water system for the Reference MAB 57

75 Table 4.73: Heat pump split system EE measure prices for the Reference IH 58

76 Table 4.74: Heat pump split system EE measure prices for the Reference MAB 58

77 Table 4.75: Estimated investment costs of heat pump split system for the Reference IH 58

78 Table 4.76: Estimated investment costs of heat pump split system for the Reference MAB 59

79 Table 4.77: Energy and cost saving potential of heat pump split system for the Reference IH 59

80 Table 4.78: Energy and cost saving potential of heat pump split system for the Reference MAB 59

81 Table 5.1: Summary of results on (i) energy cost saving potential, (ii) average investment costs and (iii) PBP of EE measures on the demand side of the Reference IH

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82 Table 5.2: Summary of results on (i) energy cost saving potential, (ii) average investment costs and (iii) PBP of EEMs on the supply side of the Reference IH

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83 Table 5.3: Summary of results on (i) energy cost saving potential, (ii) average investment costs and (iii) PBP of EE measures on the demand side of the Reference MAB

62

84 Table 5.4: Summary of results on (i) energy cost saving potential, (ii) average investment costs and (iii) PBP of EEMs on the supply side of the Reference MAB

63

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LIST OF FIGURES SN Title Page

1 Figure 3.1: A schematic illustration of the floorplan (left) and section (right) of the Reference IH 18

2 Figure 3.2: A model view of the Reference IH 18

3 Figure 3.3: A schematic illustration of the typical floorplan (left) and section (right) of the Reference

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4 Figure 3.4: A model view of the Reference IH 20

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SUMMARY The report is a result of an investigation and study of the market and pricing situation in Kosovo (referred hereafter as “the Market / Pricing Study” or “the Study”), regarding energy efficiency (EE) retrofit measures in the residential sector. The overall success of the energy-related interventions in households will depend largely on their respective costs and benefits. Hence, the main purpose of the Study is to analyse potential cost-effective EE measures aiming to decrease the electricity consumption in Kosovo.

The Study involves data collection, analyses, and makes use of the prices of materials, equipment and works required to implement selected energy efficiency measures in residential buildings. Additionally, information related to the technical specifications of the products and equipment, capacities, quality certificates and service and maintenance for potential clients have been obtained. For the purpose of the Study, involved information includes only several selected products, which are related to the thermal performance of residential buildings for both energy demand and supply side. More specifically, the Study involves EE measures involving improvement of the thermal performance of the buildings’ envelope (walls, roof, floor to the ground, and external doors and windows), space heating system (EE individual and central heating system based on biomass and/or heat pumps), and domestic hot water (via solar collectors) and the lighting system (LED lights). Information on products has been provided by potential suppliers and installers present in Kosovo’s market, which have been initially informed about the SEEK project in general and the purpose of the Study. In general, a willingness to collaborate and provide data was noted during the data collection process.

The collected information has been analysed and used for energy-related calculations. The methodology used for calculations has been adopted from the Intelligent Energy Europe project TABULA. This methodology was used as a standard reference calculation procedure for calculating the energy demand for heating (consisting of heat transfer coefficient by transmission, heat transfer coefficient by ventilation, solar heat load during the heating season, internal heat source), delivered energy demand and relevant financial analysis and estimations.

Ultimately, the Study is expected to support the outlining of the optimum investment strategy that can provide maximum energy benefits. Conclusions and recommendations are given in the Study report in order to effectively implement the SEEK project.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

The main objective of the SEEK project (hereafter “the Project”) is to reduce the gap between energy demand and supply via improving the energy performance of Individual Houses (IH) and Multi-family Apartment Buildings (MAB) in Kosovo using the following eligible energy efficiency measures:

Energy efficiency measures on the demand side or building envelope improvement:

• Thermal insulation of walls, • Thermal insulation of the roof, • Thermal insulation of floor to the ground (alternatively basement ceiling), • Installing new EE windows, • Installing new EE external doors.

Energy efficiency measures on the supply side:

• Central heating installation, • Stoves upgrade/replacement, • Heat pumps installation, • Solar water heaters installation, • Heat pump split system installation, • LED lighting installation.

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The main objective of the Study is to establish the baseline indicators for the EE measures in residential buildings associated with the energy-efficient products and equipment prices and capacities in the local market. To this end, a research and data collection of various EE materials, products, and implementation services available in the local market of Kosovo have been performed.

The purpose of this report was not simply to present collected product and material prices, but also to analyze, structure and compare prices given, calculate the payback period based on supplier and installer prices as well as energy and cost-saving potential for the proposed energy efficiency measures. In order to outline the best model of intervention, estimations of energy need on the demand side and delivered energy on the supply side before and after measures have been performed as well as specific investment for the Reference IH and the Reference MAB.

The results of the Study report shall help the IC identify the most cost-effective intervention packages for residential buildings EE retrofits, which may serve also as a reference for the procurement process during the implementation phase of the Project. Additionally, the Study may support the investigation of the barriers and proposed subsidy levels related to low-income households and other target groups addressed in the Project. Furthermore, the gathered and processed data shall provide significant input for the online database development of eligible products and materials for the SEEK web portal.

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3. METHODOLOGY

3.1 APPROACH The study targets the outlining of the best model for cost-effective and EE retrofit measures for both individual houses and multi-family apartment buildings in Kosovo.

To this end, representative building models for IH and MAB have been proposed based on the Baseline Survey results (part of the Baseline Study produced under the Project). A general description of these two building models is presented in the following section. Estimations regarding the energy performance (before and after introducing EE measures) for the two models have been performed and presented in this report, respectively. Of note is that the Study is based on the energy demand taking into consideration the thermal comfort requirements. Consequently, the energy-related results, especially the payback period, do not necessarily reflect the actual energy consumption of the buildings (which is generally significantly lower due to the poor comfort standard and the fact that only parts of the useful space of buildings are heated).

Calculations are based on a dataset obtained as part of the Study regarding the required materials, products, installation and related works for implementing the HER and the AER IP. The data collection was done through direct interviewing of suppliers/installers at their locations. Data were also provided in electronic format. These visits were carried out during November and December 2019. Collected information has been provided by various suppliers and installers present in Kosovo’s market, which have been initially informed about the SEEK project in general and the purpose of the market and pricing study. In general, a willingness to collaborate and provide data was noted during the data collection process.

The technical eligibility criteria of the products and materials to be used for the implementation of EE measures are set out by the IC in accordance with the Regulation MESP No. 04/18 for Minimum Requirements for the Energy Performance of Buildings and regulation MESP No.02/18 on National Calculation Methodology for Integrated Energy Performance of Buildings. The eligibility criteria for products and materials, technical specifications, and applied measures are defined for each proposed measure. Based on such criteria, the materials and products were selected, and the relevant quality certificates and technical specifications have been provided. The elaborated EE measures in the Study are presented in terms of turnkey prices and cost breakdown.

Information regarding each considered material and product (including prices offered) has been provided through direct contacts with at least three local suppliers and installers. The provided offers included activity and technical description associated with the materials and products, unit price, and the total price (all other associated activities included). Moreover, prices regarding the implementation works (installation, transport, demolition, etc.) have been obtained. Furthermore, additional works which are not directly related to the EE measures have been taken into consideration (see the List of additional works in Annex 15). Such works may account even up to 15% of the total cost and involve partial or entire demolition, cleaning, and repairing of different construction elements such as floors, walls, roof, and windows. The collected prices are presented with the value-added tax (VAT). However, since the Project will be at least partially VAT exempt, for the purpose of this study, VAT exempt payback periods (PBP) are also considered as part of the conclusion and recommendation sections.

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The energy-related calculations have been done using the TABULA methodology1 and both demand and supply side of the energy have been considered. The approach was implemented by using the Excel software workbook which consists of two tables for the calculation of the demand and supply system balance and variable input data (construction elements including U-values, heat generator types including energy expenditure factors, etc.). Improving the demand side of a building is of high priority for the Project and it is considered as an obligatory measure prior to intervening in the supply side. This means that the measures pertaining to the energy supply side will be considered only if the building is thermally insulated (i.e. the demand side has been considered, either prior to or through the SEEK project). Therefore, the energy-saving potential for the measures involving the energy side was based on a scenario in which it is assumed that all EE measures of the demand side have been introduced to the building. Regarding the demand side, the considered EE measures include improving the thermal performance of the external walls, roof, floor to the ground (alternatively basement ceiling), and windows and doors. Whereas, the EE measures pertaining to the supply side of the buildings involve energy-efficient individual and central systems for biomass stoves, individual and central systems heat pumps, EE lighting systems, and solar collectors for domestic hot water. Approach and results for each EE measure are provided in Section 3 of the Study report.

3.2 REFERENCE BUILDINGS For the purpose of the Study, distinct “model buildings” for the IH and the MAB are proposed based on the results of the Baseline Survey (see the “Baseline Study” report and the Baseline Survey results for further information). Such models represent the typical IH and MAB construction practices in Kosovo, which shall be targeted for the Project. The models of the two buildings are considered as base-case scenarios for this study and are being used as the reference model for analyzing and interpreting each of the suggested EE measures. The reference buildings enabled the study to identify the potential quantity and investment cost of materials and associated works for the EE measures proposed in the SEEK project. The basic parameters of both reference buildings are defined in this section, respectively.

Reference building for the HER IP

Reference building for the HER IP (referred hereafter as “Reference IH”) is a 1-story building (no basement) with a floor area of 100 m2 (10 m x 10 m and an internal ceiling height of 2.7 m net). This model house has a living room, a kitchen with a dining table, two bedrooms, and one corridor and bathroom. The building is thermally uninsulated and has a pitched roof with an unheated attic space, which is not used for residential purposes. A schematic representation of the building floorplan, section of the Reference IH is illustrated in Figure 3.1. The model of the building is shown in Figure 3.2.

The basic parameters (structure materials, surface area, and thermal transmittance) of the building envelope, which consist of external walls, attic floor, and floor to the ground, are presented in Table 3.1.

1 TABULA (Typology Approach to Building Stock Energy Assessment) is a calculation method for energy use for heating and domestic hot water. Available at: www.building-typology.eu. Project calculation sheets are in Annex 1-14.

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Figure 3.1: A schematic illustration of the floorplan (left) and section (right) of the Reference IH

Figure 3.2: A model view of the Reference IH

Table 3.1: Basic construction parameters of the Reference IH

No. Building envelope component Materials

Thickness Area U-value

cm m2 W/m2K

1 Attic floor Lime plaster, “Fert” slab 22.0 100 1.33

2 Wall (area including windows and doors)

Lime plaster, clay block, plaster 29.5 120 1.35

3 Floor Wooden floor, concrete, gravel 22.5 100 1.88

4 Windows Wooden double-paned, each single-glazed

12 3.5

5 Door Wooden framed door 2.5 3.0

The assumed systems in this model house involve a heating system, domestic hot water and lighting. Regarding the space heating of the reference house, the estimated system consists of a single

19

fuelwood stove or electrical heater placed on the main room of the house, without any heating distribution equipment. Two scenarios have been considered: (i) space heating using electricity (electric heaters, with a high energy efficiency of 95%, or expenditure factor of 1.05) and (ii) space heating using biomass (fuelwood stoves, with a low energy efficiency of 50%, or expenditure factor equal 2). The energy demand for space heating is estimated at 274.57 kWh/m2a. The DHW is available via electric boilers and the net delivered energy including distribution loses is estimated at 15 kWh per square meter. The house is assumed to use 10 conventional (incandescent) bulbs of 60 W for two hours daily and the energy demand for this service is estimated at 4.4 kWh/m2.

The Study used the geometry and construction parameters of the Reference IH in order to perform energy-related estimations for the recommended EE measures.

Reference building for the AER IP

The model-building to be used as the reference MAB for the AER IP (noted further as the Reference MAB) is an uninsulated 5-story building with a heated floor area of 967 m2, a total area of 1,230 m2 and a volume of 3,075 m3. The building has an unheated basement used as storage, 3 apartment units on each floor, unused and unheated attic space, and common spaces (entrance and staircase). The geometry of the building is mainly extracted from the Typology2 study (in this study, it is considered as a stand-alone building). A schematic representation of the building floorplan of the typical storey and the vertical section of the Reference MAB is illustrated in Figure 3.3, whereas the model view in Figure 3.4. A general description of the building envelope (structure materials, surface area, and thermal transmittance), which consists of external walls, roof and floors, are presented in Table 3.2.

Figure 3.3: A schematic illustration of the typical floorplan (left) and section (right) of the Reference MAB

2 Typology of residential buildings in Republic of Kosovo, page 278

20

Figure 3.4: A model view of the Reference IH

Table 3.2: Basic construction parameters of the Reference MAB

No. Building envelope

element Materials

Thickness Area Actual U-value

cm m2 W/m2K

1 Attic floor Lime plaster, reinforced concrete slab

22 205 2.11

2 Wall without windows and door

Lime plaster, clay block, plaster

29 655 1.89

3 Basement floor Wooden boards, screed, wood fibre, reinforced concrete slab, and plaster

31.5 205 1.53

4 Windows including common space windows

Double-pane wooden, windows with single glazing 205 3.5

5 Entrance main door Wooden framed door 3.0 3.5

This model MAB involves a heating system, domestic hot water and lighting. The reference MAB is assumed to use electricity for space heating via individual electric stoves installed on each apartment unit (energy efficiency of 95%, or expenditure factor of 1.05). The energy demand for space heating is estimated at 200.94 kWh/m2a. The DHW is available via individual electric boilers and the net delivered energy including distribution loses is estimated at 15 kWh/m2a. A total of 145 conventional (incandescent) bulbs of 60 W have been modelled with assumed use for two hours daily and the resulting annual energy consumption for lighting in the MAB is estimated at 3.09 kWh/m2a.

3.3 CALCULATION PARAMETERS AND USED TERMINOLOGY To analyze the results and calculate the potential for reducing the delivered energy and energy demand as well as investment cost for each EE measure, a terminology has been defined for both demand and supply side.

The terminology used for the demand side:

• Actual energy demand (kWh/m2a). Represents the building energy need for space heating on an annual basis considering comfort conditions (total useful area is heated at 20 °C during the entire heating season and needed hours per day). The calculation is based on the seasonal method of the

21

standard EN 13790 “Energy performance of buildings - calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling”. Initially, the actual energy need is calculated for the reference buildings based on the thermal performance of all building envelope components.

• Energy demand after EE measure (kWh/m2a). Represents energy demand for space heating of the building after the EE measures have been applied meeting comfort conditions.

• Energy-saving potential (kWh/m2a). The difference between the actual energy demand of the reference building and energy demand after EE measure (improved performance).

• Specific cost-saving potential (€/m2a). The amount of energy-saving potential on annual basis multiplied by the energy price (0.08 €/kWh for electricity at high tariff, 0.03 €/kWh for fuelwood, and 0.035 €/kWh for pellets).

• Total cost-saving potential (€/a). Specific cost-saving potential multiplied by the total heated floor area of the building.

• Investment per element area (€/m2). This is a financial offer of supplier and/or installer for the cost divided by the area of the respective building element (wall, floor, roof, window, and door).

• Investment per floor area (€/m2). A financial offer of supplier and/or installer divided by heated area. It is calculated to provide an overview of the cost per square meter of the building.

• Simple Payback Period (year). Calculated as a total EE measures investment cost divided by the total energy-savings on an annual basis. Since the study considered two variants in terms of energy commodities (electricity and biomass) used for space heating in the base-condition of the Reference IH, the PBP was calculated for both scenarios: (i) PBP for the EE investments if the Reference IH uses fuelwood stoves for space heating (referred hereafter as “PBP-FW”) and (ii) PBP for the EE investments if space heating is available via electric heaters (referred hereafter as “PBP-EL”).

The terminology used for the supply side

• Actual delivered energy (kWh/m2a). The annual energy delivered to the heat generator of the heating system to cover energy demand and energy losses, considering comfort conditions. It is calculated as an annual energy demand for heating multiplied by the heat generation expenditure factor3. The expenditure factor depends on the annual energy efficiency of the heating generator. The actual delivered energy for the Reference IH in the Study is calculated for the two assumed scenarios: (i) space heating via fuelwood stoves (50% efficiency marked as FW), and (ii) space heating via electric heaters (95% efficiency marked by EL).

• Energy delivered after measure (kWh/m2a). Delivered energy demand after the application of energy efficiency measure (i.e. replacing of heating generator/system). The new expenditure factors considered are associated with new efficient heating generators/systems (e.g. biomass stoves/boilers, heat pumps).

• Energy-saving potential (kWh/m2a). The difference between actual delivered energy and energy delivered after measure.

• Specific cost-saving potential (€/m2a). The amount of energy-saving potential multiplied by the price of energy (0.08 €/kWh for electricity at high tariff, 0.03 €/ kWh for fuelwood, and 0.035 €/

3 TABULA Calculation Method, Table 11: Heat generation of heating systems

22

kWh for pellets).

• Total cost-saving potential (€/a). Specific cost-saving potential multiplied by the total heated floor area of the building.

• Investment per floor area (€/m2). The financial offer of supplier and installer divided by the heated area. This is to have an overview and reference cost per square meter of the building.

• Payback Period (year). PBP is calculated as the total cost of implementation of EE measures divided by total energy-saving on an annual basis. In the case of the IH, the PBP for measures on the supply side is calculated for both scenarios (PBP-FW and PBP-EL) corresponding to the energy commodity used for space heating (electricity and biomass).

4. MARKET PRICES RESEARCH FOR EE/RES MEASURES IN THE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING STOCK IN KOSOVO

The following sections show the information collected on the market. The collected information is analyzed, structured, and used for performing the energy-related calculations. More specifically, technical turnkey cost parameters for each EE measure for both energy demand (improvement of the building envelope performance) and supply side (introducing the EE products for space heating, DWH, and lighting) are given for both the Reference IH and the Reference MAB, respectively.

4.1 EXTERNAL WALLS – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS The EE measures for the external walls of the reference buildings are defined based on the maximum allowed thermal transmittance (U-value of 0.35 W/m2K) defined by the Regulation MESP No. 04/18 for Minimum Requirements for the Energy ‘Performance of buildings4 and Regulation MESP No.02/18 on National Calculation Methodology for Integrated Energy ‘Performance of Buildings5.

The proposed EE measures include thermal insulation on the external layer of the wall, finished in façade paint (ETICS façade system). The main characteristics of the construction of the external wall in its base-case condition and after introducing the EE measures for the Reference IH are shown in Table 4.1. and for the Reference MAB, in Table 4.2.

As seen in Tables 4.1-4.2, the thermal performance of the walls can be improved if such EE measures would be applied. The thermal transmittance is reduced from 1.35 W/m2K to 0.31 W/m2K for the IH and from 1.89 W/m2K to 0.33 W/m2K for the MAB, which consequently complies with the energy performance requirements.

4 Regulation MESP No. 04/18 for minimum requirements for the energy performance of buildings, page 20 5 Regulation MESP No.02/18 on national calculation methodology for integrated energy performance of buildings, page 92

23

Table 4.1: Construction and U-values information of the Reference IH walls before and after EE measures

Wall base-case condition Wall after implementation of EE measures

Component Thickness U-value


cm W/m2K cm W/m2K

Lime plaster 2

1.35

Lime plaster 2

0.31

Clay block 25 Clay block 25

Plaster 2.5 Plaster 2.5

ETICS system (EPS insulation) 10

Facade plaster 0.15

Table 4.2: Construction and U-values information of the Reference MAB walls before and after EE measures

Wall base case condition Wall after implementation of EE measures



cm W/m2K cm W/m2K

Lime plaster 2

1.89

Lime plaster 2

0.33

Clay block 25 Hollow clay block 25

Plaster 2 Plaster 2

ETICS system (mineral wool insulation) 10

Facade plaster 0.15

The technical eligibility criteria for the thermal insulation are:

• Expanded polystyrene board (EPS), 10 cm thickness, thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) of less or equal to 0.04 W/mK

• Extruded polystyrene board (XPS), λ≤0.032 W/mK • Mineral wool, 10 cm, λ ≤ 0.04 W/mK

Typical technical characteristics given by the suppliers for the EPS boards are width/length: 50/100 cm, board thickness of 1 to 30 cm, density of 15 kg/m3, λ of at least 0.039 W/mK, fire protection class of EN 13501-1: E, water absorption less than 2%, and tensile strength perpendicular to the surface of 150 kPa.

XPS boards are width/length: 50/100 cm, board thickness of 10 cm, density of minimum 30 kg/m3, λ of at least 0.032 W/mK, fire protection class of EN 13501-1: E, water absorption less than 1%.

Mineral wool boards thickness 10 cm, dimensions of lamellas 120x40 cm, coefficient of diffusion resistance to water vapour 3.5, fire protection class A1, tensile strength perpendicular to the surface 10 kPa, λ of at least 0.04 W/mK, and density of 100 kg/m3.

4.1.1 External walls thermal insulation products, turnkey prices and cost breakdown

Information regarding the prices for each required material (including supply, transport and installation work) for implementing the EE measure for the external walls has been provided by several suppliers and companies. The prices include the type (EPS, mineral wool, adhesives, primers,

24

reinforcing bolts, PVC fibers mesh, and angular nets) and the price of the unit as well as the total cost. For the Study, 5 information sources for collected data have been used and the given prices for the Reference IH and the Reference MAB are presented in Tables 4.3-4-4, respectively. As seen in Tables 4.3-4.4, three of the considered suppliers (for the Reference IH: JUB, POFIX and STO, and for the Reference MAB: JUB, URSA and STO) offer complete ETICS façade systems, which may be slightly more expensive but is considerably more convenient to implement since the supplier takes responsibility and guaranties for the whole set of the implemented façade work (i.e. for all façade system components).

Table 4.3: Prices and costs of EE measures for the external walls of the Reference IH

Material Quantity Un. SATSTYRO JUB (ETICS) POFIX(ETICS) RELUX STO(ETICS)

Unit price Total cost Unit price Total cost Unit price Total cost Unit price Total cost Unit price Total cost € € € € € € € € € €

Primer 1 35 kg 0.80 28 2.50 88 1.20 42 0.80 28 0 0

Glue 1 630 kg 0.12 76 0.17 106 0.15 95 0.11 69 2.70 405

EPS 10 cm 120 m2 3.90 468 3.70 555 4.50 540 3.00 360 5.50 660

XPS 20 m2 4.70 94 5.13 103 4.80 96 4.00 80 5.50 110

Mesh 140 m2 0.35 49 0.63 88 0.65 91 0.34 48 0.98 137

Glue 2 770 kg 0.15 116 0.17 129 0.18 139 0.14 108 2.10 315 Primer 2 21 L 0.80 17 1.49 31 1.20 25 0.80 17 0.45 68 Façade plaster 350 kg 0.80 280 0.90 315 1.00 350 0.80 280 3.46 519

Other 140 m2 2.00 280 2.68 300 2.00 280 2.50 350 3.00 420

Installation 140 m2 6.50 910 6.00 840 6.50 910 6.50 910 8.00 1120

Transport 120 m2 0.80 96 1.20 144 1.00 120 1.00 120 1.50 180

TOTAL 2,413 2,699 2,687 2,370 3,934

Table 4.4. Prices and costs of EE measures for the external walls of the Reference MAB

Material Quantity Un. JUB (ETICS) URSA(ETICS) ROCKWOOL STO(ETICS)

Unit price Total cost Unit

price Total cost Unit price Total cost Unit

price Total cost

€ € € € € € € € Primer 1 215 kg 0.28 60 0.2 43 0.25 54 N.A. 0 Glue 8600 kg 0.36 3,096 0.35 3,010 0.4 3,440 0.7 6,020 Rockwool 10 cm 860 m2 15.5 13,330 14 12,040 14.5 12,470 21 18,060

Mesh 946 m2 0.63 542 0.7 602 0.5 430 0.98 843 Anchor PP 5160 m2 0.2 1,032 0.18 929 0.15 774 N.A. 0 Primer 2 137.6 kg 1.5 206 1.3 179 1.8 248 2.5 344. Facade 2150 kg 0.9 1,935 0.8 1,720 1.2 2,580 1.44 3,096 Other 655 m2 3 1,965 3 1,96 3 1,965 3 1,965 Installation 655 m2 7 4,585 7 4,585 8 5,240 9.5 6,223 Transport 655 m2 1.2 786 1 655 0.8 524 0.7 459

TOTAL 27,537 25,728 27,724 37,009

25

The total investment needed for improving the thermal performance of the total surface of the external walls in the IH is shown in Table 4.5. It can be seen that the provided prices of all considered suppliers are more or less the same (competitive) except for one supplier (STO) which provided around 50% higher prices. The cheapest system to be used is 16.93 € per facade area (or 23.70 €/m2 per floor area). The average investment of all considered suppliers is around 20 €/m2 of the façade area or 28 €/m2 of the floor area. The total cost of implementing EE measures ranges from 2,369 € to 3,933 € per building.

Table 4.5: Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of external walls for the Reference IH

It is assumed the thermal insulation of the MAB walls will be done with rockwool panels of 10 cm. Table 4.6 displays the provided prices for the EE measures for improving the thermal insulation of the walls of the Reference MAB, which include the supply, transport, work, and other related non-EE measures necessary to perform the implementation of the work. The investment cost needed to perform this measure is estimated ranging from around 25,000-37,000 €. The average investment cost per floor area is estimated at 34.31 €/m2 or 30.51 €/m2 of the total wall surface.

A significant difference in the costs for insulating the walls (for the element area) of the MAB compared to the IH can be noticed. The reason for this is (i) the thermal insulation material (EPS for IH and Rockwool for MAB), (ii) complexity of the involved works (e.g. scaffolding).

Table 4.6: Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of external walls for the Reference MAB

Supplier/ installer Investment per element

(façade) area Investment per

reference (floor) area Total cost

€/m2 €/m2 Eur

JUB 32.02 28.48 27,537.40

URSA 29.92 26.61 25,727.68

ROCKWOOL 32.26 28.69 27,742.43

STO 43.03 38.27 37,008.80

Average price/costs 34.31 30.51 29,504.08

Supplier Investment per element

(façade) area Investment per reference

(floor) area Total cost

€/m2 €/m2 €

RELUX 16.93 23.70 2,369.50

SATSTYRO 17.24 24.13 2,412.90

JUB 19.28 26.99 2,698.90

POFIX 19.20 26.87 2,687.30

STO 28.10 39.34 3,933.70

Average price/cost 20.15 28.20 2,820.46

26

4.1.2 Energy-related analysis and results for IH and MAB

Reference IH

The energy-saving potential after introducing the EE measures on the external walls is around 62 kWh/m2 (around 20% of total energy demand) and cost-saving potential of 5 €/m2 for the case of electricity use for heating and 1.87 EUR/m2 if the building is heated by fuelwood stoves. The payback period for the biomass scenario is around 15 years, which is significantly higher compared to the scenario in which electricity is used for heating (PBP less than 6 years). This is due to the significantly cheaper price of biomass compared to electricity. Accordingly, implementing such a measure in a house that uses electricity for space heating would result in a very cost-effective measure.

Table 4.7: Energy-related estimations of installing EE measures on the walls of the Reference IH

Description Unit Value

Actual energy need kWh/m2a 274.57

Energy need after measure kWh/m2a 212.25

Energy saving potential kWh/m2a 62.32

Average investment cost € 2,820.46

Cost-saving potential (FW) €/m2a 1.87

Cost-saving potential (EL) €/m2a 4.99

Total cost-saving potential (FW) €/a 186.96

Total cost-saving potential (EL) €/a 498.56

PBP – FW year 15.1

PBP – EL year 5.7

Reference MAB

The actual energy needs6 of the Reference MAB is estimated at 200 kWh/m2 (base-case scenario). By applying the EE measures on the external walls, the energy demand for space heating is assessed at 135 kWh/m2 (see Table 4.8). This results in around 30% of energy-saving potential (or 66 kWh/m2). Since the cost-saving potential is around 5 €/m2 or 5,100 € annually, the average payback is less than 6 years. Applying this EE measure is significantly cost-effective and energy-efficient.

Table 4.8: Energy-related estimations of installing EE measures on the walls of the Reference MAB




Energy-saving potential kWh/m2a 65.95

Cost-saving potential €/m2a 5.28

Total cost-saving potential €/a 5,101.89

Average total investment € 29,504.08

Average PBP years 5.78

6 Annex 2 Calculation of EE measures for IH

27

4.2 ROOF – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS

4.2.1 Eligibility criteria for roof thermal insulation EE measures

In order to achieve the minimum requirement of the U-value for the roof of buildings (0.30 W/m2K), prescribed by the Regulation MESP No. 04/18 for Minimum Requirements for the Energy ‘Performance of buildings7 and Regulation MESP No.02/18 on National Calculation Methodology for Integrated Energy ‘Performance of Buildings8, installing thermal insulation is necessary. Hence, the proposed EE measures for retrofitting the roof component of both reference buildings is thermal insulation of the attic floor in:

• Reference IH: by installing XPS 10 cm and a screed layer of 5 cm, and • Reference MAB: by installing rockwool panels of 10 cm and a screed layer of 5 cm.

In the calculations of U values of roof for both buildings, the unheated attic thermal resistance is considered with the addition of R=0.2 m2K/W.

Types and eligibility criteria for the materials to be used for insulating the roof of the model buildings are as follows:

• Extruded polystyrene board (XPS), 10 cm thickness, thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) less or equal to 0.032 W/mK. The XPS boards are width/length: 50/100 cm, board thickness of 10 cm, density of minimum 30 kg/m3, λ of at least 0.032 W/mK, fire protection class of EN 13501-1: E, water absorption less than 1%.

• Rockwool, 10 cm, λ≤ 0.040 W/mK. Mineral wool boards thickness 10cm, dimensions of lamellas 120x40cm, coefficient of diffusion resistance to water vapour 3.5, fire protection class A1, tensile strength perpendicular to the surface 10 kPa, λ of at least 0.04 W/mK or lower.

The average level of thermal conductivity of the materials from the provided information ranges from 0.037-0.039 W/mK.

The technical specification (thickness and U-values) of the roof component for the base-case and after introducing the EE measure for the Reference IH and the Reference MAB are shown in Tables 4.9- 4.10, respectively. As seen, the thermal performance of the attic floor significantly improves after introducing this EE measure for both buildings. Consequently, this measure complies with the minimum national requirement.

Table 4.9: Construction and U-values information of the Reference IH roof before and after EE measures

Roof base-case condition Roof after implementation of EE measures



Cm W/m2K cm W/m2K

Lime plaster 2

1.33

Lime plaster 2

0.26

“Fert” system 20 “Fert” system 20

Attic convection resistance Thermal insulation XPS 10

Screed 5

Attic convection

resistance

7 Regulation MESP No. 04/18 for minimum requirements for the energy performance of buildings, page 20 8 Regulation MESP No.02/18 on national calculation methodology for integrated energy performance of buildings, page 92

28

Table 4.10: Construction and U-values information of the Reference MAB roof before and after EE measures

Roof base-case condition Roof after implementation of EE measures



cm W/m2K cm W/m2K

Lime plaster 2

2.11

Lime plaster 2

0.28

Reinforced concrete (RC) slab 20 RC slab 20

Attic convection resistance Rock wool 10

Screed 5

Attic convection resistance

4.2.2 Roof thermal insulation products, turnkey prices and cost breakdown

The prices provided by suppliers differ for the two types of reference buildings. The collected prices, which include the materials, installation and related preparation and additional works, are shown for the Reference IH and the Reference MAB in Table 4.11 and Table 4.12, respectively.

Table 4.11 The EE measure prices for the roof of the Reference IH

Material Quantity Un.

SATSTYRO POFIX JUB STO

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

€ € € € € € € € XPS 10 cm 100 m2 9.2 920 9 900 10 1000 10 1000 Screed 5 m3 70 350 50 250 50 250 80 400 Foil PVC 100 m2 0.12 12 0.15 15 0.2 20 0 0 Other 100 m2 1.2 120 1.2 120 1.5 150 1.5 150 Installation 100 m2 2.5 250 2.5 250 4 400 3.5 350 Transport 100 m2 0.8 80 1 100 0 0 1.5 150

TOTAL 1,732 1,635 1,820 2,050

Table 4.12 The EE measure prices for the roof of the Reference MAB

Material Quantity Un. ROCKWOOL URSA JUB STO

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

€ € € € € € € € Rockwool 10 cm 205 m2 14.5 2972.5 14 2870 15.5 3177.5 21 4305 Screed 5 cm 10.25 m3 70 717.5 60 615 50 512.5 80 820 Foil PVC 205 m2 0.12 24.6 0.15 30.75 0.2 41 0 0 Other 205 m2 1.5 307.5 1.5 307.5 1.5 307.5 1.5 307.5 Installation 205 m2 2.5 512.5 2.5 512.5 4 820 3.5 717.5 Transport 205 m2 0.25 51.25 0.25 51.25 0 0 1 224

TOTAL 4,586 4,387 4,859 6,374

Table 4.13 (for IH) and Table 4.14 (for MAB) show the total investment needed for improving the thermal performance of the total surface of the roof, in terms of total roof area. It can be observed

29

that the provided prices of all considered suppliers are more or less the same except for one supplier (STO) which provided higher prices. In the case of the IH, the cheapest system to be used is 16.35 €/m2

of the floor area. The average investment of all considered suppliers is 18 €/m2 of the floor area. The total cost of implementing EE measures ranges from 1,635 € to 2,050 € per Reference IH building.

Regarding the MAB, the investment cost needed to perform this measure is estimated ranging from 4,387 € to 6,374 €. The calculated average investment cost is 24.64 €/m2 per roof area, respectively 5.22 €/m2 per reference floor area of the MAB.

Table 4.13: Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of roof for the Reference IH


(roof) area Investment per floor

area Investment cost

€/m2 €/m2 €

POFIX 16.35 16.35 1,635.00

SATSTYRO 17.32 17.32 1,732.00

JUB 18.2 18.2 1,820.00

STO 20.5 20.5 2,050.00

Average 18.09 18.09 1,809.25

Table 4.14: Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of roof for the Reference MAB


(roof) area Investment per floor

area Investment cost

€/m2 €/m2 €

ROCKWOOL 22.37 4.74 4,585.85

URSA 21.40 4.54 4,387.00

JUB 23.70 5.02 4,858.50

STO 31.09 6.59 6,374.00

Average 24.64 5.22 5,051.34


Reference IH

The Energy demand after EE measure9 for the scenario that involves the implementation of the EE measures on the roof for the Reference IH is estimated at 215 kWh/m2 (see Table 4.15). Compared to the actual energy need, this results in energy-saving potential of around 60 kWh/m2 (22%) and cost-saving potential of 4.75 €/m2 if electric heaters are used and 1.78 €/m2 if heating is provided by fuelwood stoves. The investments for this EE measure demonstrate to be very cost-effective, especially if the IH is heated by electricity (PBP-EL is 3.8 years).


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Table 4.15: Energy and cost-saving potential of EE measures on the roof of the Reference IH










Average PBP - FW year 10.16

Average PBP - EL year 3.81

Reference MAB

The energy demand for space heating for the base-condition of the Reference MAB is estimated at 200 kWh per square meter, whereas for the scenario after introducing EE measures at 176.7 kWh/m2 (see Table 4.16). This results in energy-saving potential of around 24 kWh/m2 (12%) and cost-saving potential of 1.94€/m2 or 1,872€ per building per year. This EE measure can be considered as very cost-effective since the investments can be paid back in less than 3 years.

Table 4.16. Energy and cost-saving potential of EE measures on the roof/attic of the Reference MAB

Description Unit Value (Roof)







Average PBP year 2.7

4.3 BASEMENT FLOOR – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS

4.3.1 Eligibility criteria for basement floor thermal insulation

The thermal insulation of the individual house floor will involve the installation of XPS boards of 5 cm, placement of PVC foil above the XPS and laying and levelling a cement floor screed of 5 cm on the top of the floor to the ground. This estimations for this measure include also the removal and subsequent installation of the existing finishing floor layers (wooden floor, laminate, etc.). In case the existing floor cover can’t be used, the cost of the new floor finishing will be borne by the HH. Products to be used for thermal insulation of IH floor should fulfil eligibility criteria as follows:

• Extruded polystyrene board (XPS), 5 cm thickness, thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) less or equal to 0.032 W/mK. XPS boards are width/length: 50/100 cm, board thickness of 5 cm,

31

density of minimum 30 kg/m3, λ of at least 0.032 W/mK, fire protection class of EN 13501-1: E, water absorption less than 1%.

The thermal insulation of the MAB floor to the basement will be done either on the basement ceiling or ground floor. In case of application on the ceiling, which is favoured, it will include:

• placement of 5 cm thick rockwool panels on the basement ceiling, PVC foil above the rockwool layer and installation of 1.25 cm thick gypsum cardboard boards.

Products to be used for thermal insulation of the MAB floor should fulfil eligibility criteria as follows:

• Rockwool, 5 cm, λ≤ 0.040 W/mK. Mineral wool boards thickness 5 cm, dimensions of lamellas 120x40cm, coefficient of diffusion resistance to water vapour 3.5, fire protection class A1, tensile strength perpendicular to the surface 10 kPa, λ of at least 0.04 W/mK or less.

The main characteristics of the retrofitting of the floor to the ground in its base-case condition and after introducing the EE measures for the Reference IH are given in Table 4.17. Upon implementing the measure, an evident improvement of the U value from 1.88 W/m2K to 0.47 W/m2K can be observed. Consequently, the thermal transmittance of the improved building component complies with the energy performance requirements (U-value of 0.50 W/m2K). It must be noted that the introduction of this measure will result in decreasing the height of the living space and that additional actions such as adjustment of the doors will be necessary. Therefore, insulation of the basement ceiling should be preferred (same measure as for MAB).

Table 4.17: Construction parameters and U-value of the Reference IH basement floor before and after EE measures

Ceiling base-case condition Ceiling after implementation of EE measures



cm W/m2K cm W/m2K

Wooden floor 2,5

1.88

Wooden floor 2,5

0.47

Concrete 10 Screed 5

Gravel 10 Thermal insulation XPS 5

Concrete 10

Gravel 10

The technical specification of the basement ceiling and U-values before and after introducing the energy efficiency measures in the Reference MAB are shown in Table 4.18. As seen in the table, adding thermal insulation to the floor will significantly decrease the thermal transmittance of the building component (U-value dropping from 1.56 to 0.43 W/m2K).

Table 4.18: Construction parameters and U-value of the Reference MAB floor before and after EE measures

Floor base-case condition Floor after implementation of EE measures



cm W/m2K cm W/m2K Wooden boards 2.5

1.56

Wooden boards 2.5

0.43 Concrete screed 5 Concrete screed 5

Wood fibre 2 Wood fibre 2

RC slab 20 RC slab 20

32

Floor base-case condition Floor after implementation of EE measures



cm W/m2K cm W/m2K Plaster 2 Plaster 2

Thermal insulation

rockwool 5

Gypsum cardboard

boards 1.25

4.3.2 Floor thermal insulation products, turnkey prices, and cost breakdown

The prices (including material supply, transport and installation) for the EE measures involving the floor to the ground for the Reference IH and MAB are given in Table 4.19 and Table 4.20, respectively. The provided prices for the IH include material supply, removal works of existing floor layers (wooden floor/laminate, screed etc.), as well as installing the EPS boards of 5 cm, PVC foil above the EPS, laying and levelling a cement floor screed of 5 cm and also installation of the existing finishing floor layer.

The thermal insulation of MAB floor will include placement of 5 cm thick rockwool panels on the basement ceiling of MAB, PVC foil above the rockwool layer and installation of 1.25 cm thick gypsum cardboard slabs.

Table 4.19: The EE measure prices for the floor of the Reference IH

Material Quantity Un. POFIX SATSTYRO JUB STO

Unit price Total cost Unit price Total cost Unit price Total cost Unit price Total cost € € € € € € € €

XPS 5 cm 100 m2 5.00 500 4.70 470 4.90 490 4.90 55.00 0.25

490 275 25

Screed 5 cm 5 m3 50.00 250 60.00 300 50.00 250 Foil PVC 100 m2 0.12 12 0.13 13 0.20 20 Other 100 m2 1.20 120 1.20 120 1.20 120 1.30 130 Installation 100 m2 4.50 450 4.00 400 6.00 600 5.50 550 Demolition 100 m2 2.80 280 3.00 300 2.30 230 2.80 280 Transport 100 m2 1.00 100 0.80 80 1.20 120 1.50 150

TOTAL 1,712 1,683 1,830 1,900

Table 4.20: The EE measure prices for the floor of the Reference MAB

Material Quantity Un. URSA JUB STO

Unit price Total cost Unit

price Total cost Unit price Total cost

€ € € € € € Rockwool 5 cm 205 m2 6.50 1,333 7.75 1,589 10.00 2,050 Gypsum cardboard 1.25 cm 205 m2 10.50 2,153 12.00 2,460 12.00 2,460 Foil PVC 205 m2 0.28 57 0.30 62 0.98 201 Other 205 m2 1.00 205 1.00 205 1.00 205 Installation 205 m2 6.50 1,333 6.00 1,230 8.00 1,640 Transport 205 m2 1.00 205 1.20 246 0.70 70

TOTAL 5,285 5,791 6,626

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Tables 4.21-4.22 show the total investment needed for improving the thermal performance of the total surface of the ground floor, in terms of floor area. It is obvious that that the provided prices of all considered suppliers are more or less the same for the Reference IH but not for the Reference MAB. The average investment cost of all considered suppliers is approximately 18 €/m2 for the IH and 28.78 €/m2 for the MAB. The total cost of implementing EE measures ranges from 1,683 € to 1,900 € for the IH and 5,284-6,625€ per MAB. The average investment cost needed to perform this measure is estimated to be around 1,300 € (IH) and 5,900 € (MAB).

Table 4.21: Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of floor for the Reference IH


area Investment per reference

area Total price

€/m2 €/m2

POFIX 17.12 17.12 1,712.00

SATSTYRO 16.83 16.83 1,683.00

JUB 18.30 18.30 1,830.00

STO 19.00 19.00 1,900.00

Average 17.81 17.81 1,781.25

Table 4.22: Estimated investment costs for thermal insulation of floor for the Reference MAB

Supplier/ installer Investment per element area

Investment per referent area Total cost

€/m2 €/m2

URSA 25.78 5.47 5,284.90

JUB 28.25 5.99 5,791.25

STO 32.32 6.85 6,625.90

Average 28.78 6.81 5,900.68


Reference IH

The actual energy needs10 for the Reference IH are estimated at 274.57 kWh/m2a for the base-case scenario and at 235.45 kWh/m2a basis for the scenario that involves the implementation of the EE measures on the floor (see Table 4.23). This results in energy-saving potential on an annual basis of around 39 kWh/m2; whereas, the payback period is estimated over 15 years if fuelwood stoves are used and approximately 6 years if the IH is heated by electricity.

Table 4.23: Energy-related estimations of installing EE measures on the floor of the Reference IH

Description Unit Floor





34







Average PBP-FW year 15.18

Average PBP-EL year 5.69

Reference MAB

The actual energy need for the Reference MAB is estimated at 200 kWh per square meter of the floor on annual basis for the base-case scenario and 194 kWh/m2a for the scenario that involves the implementation of the EE measures (see Table 4.24). This measure results in estimated energy-saving potential around 6.82 kWh/m2 y and, consequently, the payback of such investment can be expected after 11 years.

Table 4.24. Energy-related estimations of installing EE measures on the floor of the Reference MAB





Average investment cost € 5.900.68


Total cost-saving potential €/a 527.60


4.4 WINDOWS – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS

4.4.3 Eligibility criteria for EE windows measures

As described in Section 3.2 (Tables 3.1-3.2), it was assumed that the windows in the reference buildings for the IH and MAB are double-paned wooden frame with single glazing with a U-value of 3.5 W/m2K. The criteria for selecting new windows that would replace the old ones are the following:

• Double-glazing (PVC framing) type windows with the thermal transmittance (U-value) of less or equal to 1.6 W/m2K

Typical technical characteristics of windows provided by suppliers in order to fulfil criteria set include U value of 1.6 W/m2K, low-emissivity (Low-E) glass to minimize the amount of infrared and ultraviolet light that comes through the glass, without minimizing the amount of light that enters in and have a microscopically thin coating that is transparent and reflects heat and also keeps the heat inside during the winter, glass panes of 4 mm, space between glass panes: 16 mm (4 mm + 16 mm + 4 mm). The space between glass panes filled with 16 mm argon gas, which has higher insulation properties than air. The main profiles have gaskets inserted inside the frame. The frames have factory inserted gaskets

35

that help to normalize the heat. Windows have vertical and horizontal opening options and equipped with roto NT/K mechanism enabling an easier and safer opening of windows.

4.4.4 EE windows products, turnkey prices, and cost breakdown

The prices provided by suppliers for implementing the EE windows measure in the IH (12 m2 of windows area) are given in Table 4.25 and the MAB (205 m2) in Table 4.26. The provided prices include material supply, transport, demolition of old windows, installing the new windows as well as additional works (if needed).

Table 4.25. Windows EE measure prices for the Reference IH

Type Dimensions

Quantity

LESNA ETEM ROPLASTO ALUPLAST SALAMANDER

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Piece € € € € € € € € € €

One side

60x60 1 63 63 46.8 46.8 50 50 60 60 50 50

80x140 9 111 999 145.6 1310 90 810 120 1080 90 810

100x140 0 182 0 110 0 140 0 0

120x140 0 218.4 0 120 0 0 0

Two side

140x140 211 0 254.8 0 140 0 0 175 0

140x210 283 0 0 0 270 0 0

160x140 0 291.2 0 180 0 220 0 180 0

180x140 0 327.6 0 190 0 240 0 220 0

200x140 0 382.2 0 220 0 0 270 0

Terrace door 80x210 1 159 159 218.4 218.4 150 150 180 180 140 140

Installation 11 15 165 22 242 15 165 5 55 10 110

Demolition 11 10 110 20 220 10 110 10 110 10 110

Transport km 100 0.2 20 0.2 20 0.2 20 0.2 20 0.2 20

TOTAL 1,516 2,058 1,305 1,505 1,240

Table 4.26: Windows EE measure prices for the Reference MAB

Type Dimensions Quantity LESNA ETEM ROPLASTO ALUPLAST SALAMANDER

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

piece € € € € € € € € € €

One side

60x60 10 63 630 46.8 468 50 500 60 600 50 500 80x140 25 111 2,775 145 3,640 90 2,250 120 3,000 110 2,750 80x200 0 0 120 0 0 0 100x140 0 182 0 110 0 140 0 0 120x140 0 218. 0 120 0 0 0

Two side 140x140 20 211 4,220 254 5,096 160 3,200 200 4,000 175 3,500 140x210 20 283 5,660 300 6,000 260 5,200 270 5,400 280 5,600 160x140 0 291 0 180 0 220 0 0

36

Type Dimensions Quantity LESNA ETEM ROPLASTO ALUPLAST SALAMANDER

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

piece € € € € € € € € € € 180x140 0 327 0 190 0 240 0 0 200x140 10 350 3,500 382 3,822 220 2,200 300 3,000 230 2,300

Terrace door 80x210 25 159 3,975 218 5,460 150 3,750 180 4,500 140 3,500 Installation 110 15 1,650 22 2,420 15 1,650 5 550 17 1,870 Demolition 110 10 1,100 20 2,200 10 1,100 10 1,100 12 1,320 Transport 150 0.2 30 0.2 30 0.2 30 0.2 30 0.2 30

TOTAL 23,540 29,136 19,880 22,180 21,370

The average investment needed to replace the windows of the reference IH (see Table 4.27) is 127 €/m2 per windows area or around 15 €/m2 per floor area. The total cost of implementing EE measures ranges from 1,240 € to 2,058 € per IH.

Table 4.27 displays the provided prices for the EE measures involving EE windows for the MAB, in terms of floor and element area. The average investment to perform this measure is estimated 115.76€ per square meter of windows or 24.54 € per square meter of the total floor area.

Table 4.27: Estimated investment costs of windows replacement for the Reference IH

Supplier

Investment per element area

Investment per floor area

Total price

€/m2 €/m2 €

LESNA 126.33 15.16 1,516.00

ETEM 171.50 20.58 2,058.00

ROPLASTO 108.75 13.05 1,305.00

ALUPLAST 125.42 15.05 1,505.00

SALAMANDER 103.33 12.40 1,240.00

Average 127.07 15.25 1,524.80

Table 4.28: Estimated investment costs of windows installation for the Reference MAB

Supplier Investment per element area

Investment per referent area Total price

€/m2 €/m2

LESNA 117.85 24.98 24,160.00

ETEM 143.48 30.42 29,414.00

ROPLASTO 100.15 21.23 20,530.00

SALAMANDER 106.93 22.67 21,920.00

ALUPLAST 110.39 23.40 22,630.00

Average 115.76 24.54 23,730.80

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Implementing such an EE measure the thermal transmittance of the windows would significantly decrease, from 3.5 W/m2K to 1.6W/m2K. Therefore, energy-saving potential is expected to be promising for both IH and MAB.

Reference IH

By replacing all old-house windows with new EE windows, the energy demand for space heating is expected to be reduced from 274.57 kWh/m2a to 246.64 kWh/m2a (see Table 4.29). Hence, the potential for saving the energy would be around 28 kWh/m2 on an annual basis. Total energy cost saved by implementation of this EE measure for Reference IH is 223.44 € annually respectively 83.79 € annually. The average payback period is 18 years if fuelwood stoves are used or around 7 years if the house is heated by electric heaters. Obviously, this EE measure is less cost-effective, especially if fuelwood is the heating source.

Table 4.29: Energy-related estimations of installing EE windows in the Reference IH

Description Unit Window









Average PBP-FW Year 18.20

Average PBP-EL Year 6.82

Reference MAB

After implementation of this measure energy needs are expected to be reduced from 200 kWh/m2 to 159 kWh/m2on an annual basis. Consequently, energy saving potential per square meter will be 41.69 kWh. The investment cost for implementing this measure is estimated to be repaid by energy costs saving in around 7 years.

Table 4.30: Energy-related estimations of installing EE windows in the Reference MAB

Description Unit Window








38

4.5 EXTERNAL DOORS – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS

4.5.1 Eligibility criteria for external doors

The assumed outdoor entrance doors in the reference house is a wooden-framed door with a U-value of 3.0 W/m2K and in the reference MAB. the U-value of 3.5 W/m2K. Since this type of doors are not energy-efficient and do not fulfil national requirements, new EE doors need to be introduced to the buildings. The new doors eligible for the Project should follow the below criteria. Frame profiles of PVC, wood, or aluminium, of at least 70 mm thickness and with thermal transmittance (U-value) lower than 2.2 W/m2K.

Typical technical specifications of the external doors provided by suppliers for IH are:

• PVC framed door with dimensions of 110 x 210 cm thickness of 70 mm, equipped with Low-E glass of 4 mm thick with argon filling in the space between glass panes on request, fully reinforced sash using galvanised steel, safety glass which meets BS 6262, 18.5 mm glazing bead, 40x40 reinforcement, universal frame profile, door T chamfered, available in open-in and open-out styles for a variety of installations.

Typical technical specifications of the external doors provided by suppliers for MAB are:

• PVC framed door with dimensions of 140 x 210 cm thickness of 70 mm, equipped with Low-E glass of 4 mm thick with argon filling in the space between glass panes on request, fully reinforced sash using galvanised steel, safety glass which meets BS 6262, 18.5 mm glazing bead, 40x40 reinforcement, universal frame profile, door T chamfered, available in open-in and open-out styles for a variety of installations.

4.5.2 EE external doors, turnkey prices and cost breakdown

The prices provided by suppliers for IH are given in Table 4.31 and for the Reference MAB in Table 4.32. The provided prices include material supply, transport, demolition, installing the new door and additional works. The selected door for the study is a PVC door of 110 x 210 cm and frame thickness of 70mm for IH and 140x210cm and frame thickness of 70 mm for MAB. The average price for the IH is around 674 €, whereas for the MAB is 900 €.

Table 4.31: Doors EE measure prices for the Reference IH

Type Dimensions Quantity LESNA ETEM SALAMANDER ALUPLAST

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost Unit price Total

cost Unit price

Total cost

piece € € € € € € € €

Ext. door 110x210 1 642 642 700 700 500 500 550 550

Installation 1 35 35 50 50 30 30 30 30

Demolition 1 20 20 30 30 20 20 10 10

Transport Km 100 0.2 20 0.2 20 0.2 20 0.2 20 TOTAL 717 800 570 610

39

Table 4.32: Doors EE measure prices for the Reference MAB

Type Dimensions Quantity LESNA ETEM SALAMANDER ALUPLAST

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

piece € € € € € € € € External door 140x210 1 963 963 950 950 650 650 700 700 Installation 1 35 35 50 50 30 30 30 30 Demolition 1 20 20 30 30 20 20 10 10 Transport km 150 0.2 30 0.2 30 0.2 30 0.2 30

TOTAL 1,048 1,060 730 770

The average investment needed to replace the old external door with a new one in the IH is estimated at around 270 €/m2 (see Table 4.33) per door area and 300.67 €/m2 (see Table 4.34) per door area of the MAB.

Table 4.33: Estimated investment costs of doors installation for the Reference IH

Supplier/installer Investment per element

area Investment per floor

area Total price (€)

€/m2 €/m2

LESNA 286.80 7.17 717.00

ETEM 320.00 8.00 800.00

SALAMANDER 228.00 5.70 570.00

ALUPLAST 244.00 6.10 610.00

Average 269.70 6.74 674.25

Table 4.34: Estimated investment costs of doors installation for the Reference MAB

Supplier Investment per element area

Investment per referent area Total price

(€) €/m2 €/m2

LESNA 349.33 1.08 1,048.00

ETEM 353.33 1.10 1.060.00

SALAMANDER 243.33 0.75 730.00

ALUPLAST 256.67 0.80 770.00

Average 300.67 0.93 902.00


Reference IH

The energy need will be reduced from 274.57 to 273.46 kWh per square meter on an annual basis, hence energy-saving potential after the implementation of this measure per square meter is 1.11 kWh annually. The total cost saved by implementation of this measure for Reference IH is 3.33 € respectively 8.88 € annually. As expected, due to the high investment cost and relatively low energy-saving potential, the payback periods for both scenarios are extremely large. Consequently, this measure is not cost-effective since it exceeds a reasonable amount of payback period. Moreover, the resulted PBP is far greater than the lifetime duration of such building component.

40

Table 4.35: Energy-related estimations of installing EE external doors in the Reference IH

Description Unit Door






Average investment cost € 674.25



PBP - FW year 202.48

PBP - EL year 75.93

Reference MAB

As expected, (see Table 4.36), the potential for saving energy by applying this EE measure is quite low (only 0.25 kWh/m2a). The total cost saved by the implementation of this measure is 20.11 € annually. Similarly, to the IH, the payback period for this measure in the MAB is very long (49 years), which makes such a EE measure unattractive from the EE point of view.

Table 4.36: Energy-related estimations of installing EE external doors in the Reference MAB

Description Unit Door








4.6 CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM WITH BIOMASS BOILER – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS

4.6.1 Eligibility criteria for central heating system with biomass boiler

Since the assumed existing heating system in the IH is based on a single fuelwood stove or electrical heater without any distribution system, the provided service is expected to be low in quality and will not satisfy the energy need nor achieve the comfort level. In order to improve the energy performance of such a system, it is recommended to install a central heating system, consisting of the EE biomass boiler, radiators, and a DHW tank. The eligibility criteria of the system are listed below.

• Biomass boiler with energy efficiency equal to or greater than 80%

Typical technical characteristics of biomass boilers provided by suppliers/installers for the IH are:

41

• nominal heating output of 30 kW, energy efficiency of 80 %, the pellet reservoir minimally 45 kg, water content of 46 litters, preferably to be connected to a room thermostat that allows daily and weekly programming. Hot water tank 200 L of C class. The number of radiators for reference IH is not less than 6 pieces.

Radiators to be installed should be produced in accordance with the EN 442-1,2,3, Maximal operating temperature 110 0C, Caloric and power values depending from the room size (e.g. L=1000 mm, 90/70 0C 2124 W or in 75/65 0C 1677 W for the room temperature dT = 20 0C).

Technical characteristics of biomass boilers provided by suppliers/installers for the MAB are:

• nominal heating output of 110 kW, efficiency 80 %, pellet reservoir, preferably to be connected to a room thermostat that allows daily and weekly programming. The assumed number of radiators for reference MAB is 65 pieces.

Due to the impact on energy saving, radiators should be equipped with the thermostatic radiator valves (TRV) as a self-regulating valve depending on the room temperature. For the latter, the prices associated with space where the boiler and the fuel supply system shall be placed has been partially considered within the boiler prices.

4.6.2 Biomass boiler product, turnkey prices and cost breakdown

The turnkey prices including the cost breakdown according to the main components of the central heating system with EE biomass boiler are presented in this section.

The total cost of the central heating system is calculated based on provided prices of relevant equipment (type and quantity), needed materials and installation works) by each supplier for the Reference IH (Table 4.37) and the Reference MAB (Table 4.38).

Table 4.37. The prices for the central heating system with biomass boiler for the Reference IH

Material Mat.

quantity

Unit Burnit Termoflux ENRAD TOPLING, Weber

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Boiler 30 kW, pellet 1.00 1,549.00 1,549.00 1,842.00 1,842.00 1,499.00 1,499.00 2,100.00 2,100.00 Radiator 600x950 1.00 piece 34.90 34.90 37.08 37.08 36.61 36.61 33.00 33.00 Radiator 600x800 piece 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.00 45.00 Radiator 600x1000 1.00 piece 49.50 49.50 45.00 45.00 49.64 49.64 52.00 104.00 Radiator 600x1200 3.00 piece 59.00 177.00 55.00 165.00 59.56 178.68 0.00 0.00 Radiator 600x1400 1.00 piece 69.90 69.90 0.00 0.00 70.78 70.78 73.50 220.50 Radiator 600x1800 piece 89.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Radiator 600x2000 piece 104.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Pipes Fi 16 54.00 m 0.65 35.10 0.55 29.70 2.50 112.50 2.60 62.40 Pipes Fi 18 36.00 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.19 114.84 3.30 79.20 Pipes Fi 22 9.00 m 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.78 34.02 4.00 48.00 Pipes Fi 26 18.00 m 2.85 51.30 1.75 31.50 5.91 106.38 6.50 117.00 Collector 2.00 piece 13.00 26.00 12.50 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Valves 6.00 piece 10.00 60.00 8.00 48.00 4.00 24.00 7.00 42.00 Expanding vessels 1.00 piece 28.00 28.00 26.00 26.00 32.61 32.61 44.50 44.50 Cassette 1.00 piece 15.00 15.00 19.65 19.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 Flue 1.00 piece 99.00 99.00 110.00 110.00 135.00 135.00 75.00 75.00 Insulation Fi 16 0.00 m 0.50 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

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Material Mat.

quantity

Unit Burnit Termoflux ENRAD TOPLING, Weber

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Pump 1.00 piece 85.00 85.00 84.75 84.75 128.22 128.22 95.50 95.50 Cupper fitting 1.00 piece 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 183.87 183.87 194.00 148.00 Water tank 200 L 1.00 piece 350.00 350.00 340.00 340.00 328.00 328.00 590.00 590.00 Thermostatic valves 6.00 piece 26.56 159.36 26.48 158.88 11.80 70.80 25.00 150.00 Installation boiler 1.00 piece 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 150.00 150.00 200.00 200.00 Installation system 6.00 radiator 60.00 360.00 55.00 330.00 450.00 450.00 50.00 300.00 Other 1.00 piece 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 250.00 250.00

TOTAL 3,549 3,693 3,905 4,704

Table 4.38: The prices for the central heating system with biomass boiler for the Reference MAB

Material Mat. quantity Unit

Burnit Termoflux ENRAD Topling, Weber Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

€ € € € € € € € Boiler 110 kW, pellet 1 piece 6,800 6,800 7,200 7,200 6,380 6,380 5,150 5,150 Rad. 600x950 15 piece 34.90 524 37.08 556 36.61 549 33.00 495 Rad.600x1000 25 piece 49.50 1,238 45.00 1,125 49.64 1,241 52.00 1,300 Radiator 600x1200 25 piece 59.00 1,475 55.00 1,375 59.56 1,489 65.00 1,625 System material per dwelling 15 piece 450. 6,750 550.00 8,250 590.00 8,850 647.00 9,705

Heat meter 15 piece 350 5,250 350. 5,250 350.00 5,250 350.00 5,250 Other 15 piece 100 1,500 100. 1,500 100.00 1,500 100.00 1,500 Installation system 65 radiator 60.00 3,900 55.00 3,575 70.00 4,550 50.00 3,250

Installation boiler 1 piece 1,800 1,800 1,850.00 1,850 2,000 2,000 1,900 1,900

TOTAL 29,236 30,681 31,809 30,175

The least expensive cost provided for installing a central heating system for the IH is 35.49 €/m2 and the most expensive one is 47.04 €/m2 (see Table 4.39). The average investment is approximately 39.63 € per square meter of the building. Regarding MAB, the average investment for providing and installing an EE biomass central heating system is estimated at 31.52 €/m2 per total building area (Table 4.40).

Table 4.39: Estimated investment cost for installing a biomass central heating system for the Reference IH

Supplier Investment per floor area PBP (FW) PBP (EL) Total price

€/m2 Year year €

BURNIT 35.49 17.92 8.83 3,549.06

TERMOFLUX 36.93 18.65 9.19 3,692.56

ENRAD 39.05 19.72 9.71 3,904.95

TOPLING, WEBER 47.04 23.76 11.70 4,704.10

Average 39.63 20.01 9.86 3,962.67

The measures provided for the multi-apartment building includes the installation of the common efficient biomass boiler and heating system of dwellings including the heat meters for each of them.

43

The boiler for Reference MAB will be biomass boiler with the thermal efficiency equal to or greater than 80%, with the thermal power of 110kW.

Table 4.40: Estimated investment costs of heating system installation for the Reference MAB

Supplier/ Investment per square meter PBP Total price

€/m2 Year €

Burnit 30.23 11.58 29,236.00

Termoflux 31.73 12.16 30,681.00

Enrad 32.89 12.60 31,809.00

Topling, Weber 31.20 11.96 30,175.00

Average 31.52 12.61 30,475.25


Reference IH

As described in Section 3.3, intervening in the supply side of the buildings in the Project will be allowed only if the selected buildings have EE building envelope (i.e. all EE measures on the demand side have been applied). Therefore, the energy calculations for the supply side are based on such an assumption. Regarding the IH, the actual delivered energy is calculated for the two heating-based scenarios and the following information have been considered:

• IH using fuelwood stoves with the low energy efficiency 50% or expenditure factor equal to 2,

• IH using electric heaters with high energy efficiency 95% or expenditure factor equal to 1.05,

• electric boilers for DHW with an efficiency of 95%, 15 kWh/m2.

Actual delivered energy for space heating and DHW is estimated at 185.19 kWh/m2a (scenario with fuelwood stove and electric DHW boiler) or 104.71 kWh/m2a (scenario of electricity used for space heating and DHW).

The calculated energy delivered after the EE measure (installation of central heating system with biomass boiler, efficiency 80% or expenditure factor 1.25) is 124.65 kWh/m2a. Of note is that if the electrical heaters are used in the house, the actual delivered energy is lower compared to the delivered energy after implementing this EE measure. The explanation for this occurrence is the fact that the electrical heaters are 95% energy-efficient, whereas the biomass boilers are only 80% (see Table 4.41). However, since biomass is much cheaper than electricity, this measure is cost-effective even in this scenario. Specific energy cost-saving potential after introducing this EE measure would be 1.98 €/m2 if replacing the fuelwood stove and 4.02€/m2 if replacing the electric heaters, all on an annual basis.

The average payback period is 20 years if the central heating with the biomass boiler replaces the existing fuelwood stoves, and if it replaces the electric heaters it is lower (9.86 years).

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Table 4.41: Energy-related estimations of installing biomass central heating system in the Reference IH

Description Unit Value (FW) Value (EL)

Actual delivered energy kWh/m2a 185.19 104.71

Energy delivered after measure kWh/m2a 124.65

Energy-saving potential kWh/m2a 60.54 -19.94

Cost-saving potential €/m2a 1.98 4.02


Total cost-saving potential €/a 198.00 402.00

Average PBP Year 20.01 9.86

Reference MAB

It is obvious that delivered energy after the EE measure is higher (77.51 kWh/m2a, biomass boiler with expenditure coefficient 1.25) than for the base-case scenario (65.11 kWh/m2a, electric stove with expenditure coefficient 1.05) and resulting the energy-saving potential is negative (see Table 4.42). Nevertheless, the cost-saving potential is 2.5 € per square meter on an annual basis, due to far more expensive electric kWh than biomass kWh. The payback period for introducing this EE measure is around 13 years.

Table 4.42: Energy-related estimations of installing biomass central heating system in the Reference MAB


Actual delivered energy kWh/m2a 65.11


Energy-saving potential kWh/m2a -12.40





4.7 BIOMASS STOVES – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS

4.7.1 Eligibility criteria for biomass efficient stoves

Another EE measure on the supply side suggested to be used within the Project is EE biomass stove. In other words, replacing the old space heating equipment (fuelwood stove or electrical heaters) with a new EE stove based on pellets. The eligibility criterion for biomass stove is:

• Thermal efficiency equal to or greater than 80%

The most common technical characteristics of the biomass (pellet) stoves provided by suppliers and installers for the heating area 80-100 m2 (same for IH and MAB) include: efficiency 80%, the nominal heating output of 11 kW, pellet reservoir minimally 25 kg. The stoves allow daily and weekly programming.

45

4.7.2 Biomass efficient stoves, turnkey prices and cost breakdown

The prices provided by the suppliers for implementing this EE measure (biomass stoves) for the Reference IH and the Reference MAB are presented in Table 4.43 and Table 4.44, respectively. The given prices include all products, materials, and installation and additional works needed to implement the measure. For implementing this measure in the IH and MAB, the investment cost would be around 900 € and 13,500 €, respectively. In terms of floor area, this measure would account to 9€/m2 for the IH and around 14€/m2 for the MAB (see Table 4.45 and 4.46).

Table 4.43. Heating system with biomass stove prices for the Reference IH

Equipment/material Unit ENRAD MILKUZ BURNIT

€ € € Stove 11 kW, pellet piece 700.00 750.00 665.00

Stovepipe piece 140.00 150.00 150.00

Other piece 50.00 50.00 50.00

TOTAL 890.00 950.00 865.00

Table 4.44. Heating system with biomass stove prices for the Reference MAB

Equipment/material Unit Quantity

ENRAD MILKUZ BURNIT

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

€ € € € € €

Stove 11 kW, pellet piece 15 700.00 10,500 750.00 11,250 665.00 9,975

Stovepipe piece 15 140.00 2,100 150.00 2,250 150.00 2,250 Other piece 15 50 750 50 750 50 750

TOTAL 13,350 14,250 12,975

Table 4.45: Estimated investment costs of biomass stoves for the Reference IH

Supplier Investment per square meter Total price

€/m2 €

ENRAD 8.90 890.00

MILKUZ 9.50 950.00

BURNIT 8.65 865.00

Average 9.02 901.67

Table 4.46: Estimated investment costs of biomass stoves for the Reference MAB

Supplier/ installer Investment per square meter Total price

€/m2 €

ENRAD 13.81 13,350.00

MILKUZ 14.74 14,250.00

BURNIT 13.42 12,975.00

Average 13.99 13,525.00

46


Reference IH

Actual delivered energy for space heating 169.44 kWh/m2a (fuelwood stove) respectively 88.96 (electric heater). The energy delivered after the measure is 118.61 kWh per square meter annually (see Table 4.47). The total cost-saving potential is 93 € for the first scenario (fuelwood stove) and 297 € for the second scenario (electrical heaters) As it can be seen in the tables, the average payback period for installation of biomass stoves in IH is around 9 and 3 years, depending on the base scenario.

Table 4.47: Energy-related estimations of installing biomass stove in the Reference IH




Energy-saving potential kWh/m2a 50.83 -29.65




Average PBP 9.70 3.04

Reference MAB

Actual delivered energy for space heating 65.11 kWh/m2a, whereas the energy delivered after replacing the old electric heaters with new biomass stoves is estimated at 86.81 kWh/m2a (see Table 4.48). The total energy saving potential is 2.17€/m2a. As can be seen in the tables, the invested cost of this measure in the MAB would result in a payback period of around 6,5 years.

Table 4.48: Energy-related estimations of installing biomass stove in the Reference MAB




Energy-saving potential kWh/m2a -21.27





4.8 CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM WITH HEAT PUMP – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS

4.8.1 Eligibility criteria for the EE central heating system with heat pump

In order to use available advanced energy-efficient equipment such as heat pumps, installing a new central heating system via heat pump and distribution system is one of the suggested EE measures in

47

the Project for both IH and MAB. The eligibility criteria for introducing heat pumps to the project are listed as follows:

• Air to water heat pumps electricity-driven with a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to or greater than 3.8

• Air to air heat pumps electricity-driven with a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to or greater than 3.8

• Water to water heat pumps electricity-driven with a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to 4.0

Technical specification of heat pumps for the IH provided by the suppliers include: air to water heat pumps up to 10 kW thermal capacity and up to 3 kW electric energy consumption, min COP 3.8, integrated unit to be connected with the underfloor heating system or radiators, heating period from -25 0C to +35 0C, cooling period from +15 0C to +46 0C, and hot water tank 200 L of C class.

According to the energy need for the MAB, it is estimated that the thermal power of the heat pump should be at least 120 kW, air to water heat pumps electricity driven with a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to or greater than 3.8.

Radiators to be installed should be produced in accordance with the EN 442-1,2,3; maximal operating temperature 110 °C; caloric values for L=1000 mm, 90/70 °C, 2124 W or in 75/65 °C, 1677 W for the room temperature dT = 20 °C. Due to the impact on energy saving and thermal comfort, radiators should be equipped with the thermostatic radiator valves (TRV) as a self-regulating valve depending from room temperature.

4.8.2 EE heat pump systems, turnkey prices and cost breakdown

Several suppliers provided information on the type (heat pump, heat distribution system material, hot water tank), quantity and cost (per unit and total cost) for each required material as part of the proposed EE measure involving central heating system with heat pump. The prices for the Reference IH are given in Table 4.49 and for the Reference MAB in Table 4.50. The provided prices include the product and materials supply and installation of the entire system (heat pumps air-to-water, distribution system, radiators, etc.).

Table 4.49: Prices of the central heating system with heat pumps for the Reference IH

Material

Quantity

Unit

LG DIMPLEX TOSHIBA DAIKIN HITACHI Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

€ € € € € € € € € € Heat pump 10 kW 1 piece 4,960 4,960 8,263 8,263 6,266 6,266 6,500 6,500 5,500 5,500 Hot water tank 200L 1 piece 600 600 0 380 380 500 500 400 400

Heating system material 1 piece 2,000 2,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,800

Installation system 1 piece 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 Installation HP 1 piece 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,500 1,500 900 900 Other 1 piece 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500

TOTAL 9,510 12,013 10,396 11,250 9,550

48

Table 4.50: Prices of the central heating system with heat pumps for the Reference MAB

Material Quantity Unit

GREE DAIKIN HITACHI

Unit price Total cost Unit price Total cost Unit price Total cost

€ € € € € €

Heat pump 120 kW 1 piece 22,900 22,900 31,000 31,000 23,500 23,500 Material heating system 1 m 19,100 19,100 19,100 19,100 19,100 19,100 Installation HP 1 m 2,300 2,300 4,000 4,000 2,500 2,500 Installation heating system 1 m 4,500 4,500 4,600 4,600 4,600 4,600 Other 1 piece 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

TOTAL 49,800 59,700 50,700

Table 4.51 and Table 4.52 show the total investment needed for installing the central heating system with heat pumps in IH and MAB, respectively. According to the prices provided by suppliers, the average investment for providing and installing such measure is 105.44 €/m2 for the IH and 55.22 €/m2

for the MAB.

Table 4.51: Estimated investment costs for the central heating system with heat pumps of the Reference IH

Suppliers Investment per floor area Total cost

€/m2 €

LG 95.10 9,510.00

DIMPLEX 120.13 12,013.00

TOSHIBA 103.96 10,396.00

DAIKIN 112.50 11,250.00

HITACHI 95.50 9,550.00

Average 105.44 10,543.80

Table 4.52: Estimated investment costs for the central heating system with heat pumps of the Reference MAB


€/m2 €

GREE 51.50 49,800.00

DAIKIN 61.74 59,700.00

HITACHI 52.43 50,700.00

Average 55.22 53,400.00


Reference IH

Upon implementing the EE measure involving central heating with heat pump, delivered energy after measure for the IH is 31.56 kWh/m2a (see Table 4.53). The energy-saving potential is estimated at 3.85 €/m2a in the IH that uses fuelwood for space heating and 5.9 €/m2a in IH in which electricity is used for heating. Since the investment cost is considerably high, this EE measure resulted as not that cost-effective.

49

Table 4.53: Energy-related estimations of installing the central heating system with heat pump in the Reference IH

Description Unit Value - FW Value - EL



Energy-saving potential kWh/m2a 153.63 73.15




Average PBP year 27.39 17.87

Reference MAB

Actual delivered energy for the Reference MAB is estimated at 65.11 kWh/m2a and at 23 kWh/m2a for the scenario that involves the installation of a heating system with heat pumps (see Table 4.54). This results in energy-saving potential of around 42 kWh/m2a and energy cost-saving potential of 3.37 €/m2 or 3,262 € per building in each year. The payback period for this EE measure is estimated at around 16 years.

Table 4.54: Energy-related estimations of installing the central heating system with heat pump in the Reference MAB









4.9 HEAT PUMP – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS

4.9.1 Eligibility criteria for EE heat pump

The eligibility criteria for the heating system with heat pump are the same as in Section 4.8.1. The only difference is that it is assumed that there is an existing hot water distribution system and therefore the costs of implementation of such a system are lower. This EE measure applies only when IH or MAB have central heating systems in place and heat pumps replace boilers with lower efficiency (fuelwood, coal, etc.).

50

4.9.2 EE heat pump systems, turnkey prices and cost breakdown

The quantity and cost of equipment (per unit and total cost) for each required material as part of the proposed EE measures for heat pump have been provided by several suppliers. The prices for the Reference IH are given in Table 4.55 and for the Reference MAB in Table 4.56.

Table 4.55: Heat pumps prices for the Reference IH

Material

Quantity

Unit

LG DIMPLEX TOSHIBA DAIKIN HITACHI Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Tot cost

Unit price

Tot cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Tot cost

€ € € € € € € € € € Heat pump 10 kW 1 piece 4,960 4,960 8,263 8,263 6,266 6,266 6,500 6,500 5,500 5,500 Hot water tank 200 L 1 piece 600 600 0 380 380 500 500 400 400 Installation HP 1 piece 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,500 1,500 900 900 Other 1 piece 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300

TOTAL 6,860 9,563 7,946 8,800 7,100

Table 4.56: Heat pumps prices for the Reference MAB

Material Quantity Unit

GREE DAIKIN HITACHI

Unit price Total cost Unit price Total cost Unit price Total

cost

€ € € € € €

Heat pump 120 kW 1 piece 22,900 22,900 31,000 31,000 23,500 23,500 Installation HP 1 m 2,300 2,300 4,000 4,000 2,500 2,500 Other 1 piece 500 500 500 500 500 500

TOTAL 25,700 35,500 26,500

Table 4.57 shows the total investment needed for improving the thermal performance of the total surface with heat pumps. According to the prices provided by suppliers, the average investment for providing and installing a heat pump is 80.54€/m2 per total reference area.

Table 4.57: Estimated investment costs of heat pumps for the Reference IH

Supplier/installer Investment per floor area Total price

€/m2 €

LG 68.60 6,860.00

DIMPLEX 95.63 9,563.00

TOSHIBA 79.46 7,946.00

DAIKIN 88.00 8,800.00

HITACHI 71.00 7,100.00

Average 80.54 8,053.80

Table 4.58 displays the provided prices for the EE measures for installation of heat pumps for Reference MAB, which include the supply, transport, work, and other related non-EE measures necessary to perform the implementation of the work. According to the prices provided the average investment is 30.23 €/m2 per total reference area.

51

Table 4.58: Estimated investment costs of heat pumps for the Reference MAB

Supplier/installer Investment per square meter Total price

€/m2 €

GREE 26.58 25,700.00

DAIKIN 36.71 35,500.00

HITACHI 27.40 26,500.00

Average 30.23 29,233.33


Reference IH

The actual delivered energy for the Reference IH is estimated at 142.83 kWh/m2 (of which 127.08 kWh/m2a for space heating with biomass boiler and 15.75 kWh/m2a for DHW water tanks using electrical energy) per square meter for the base-case scenario and 31.35 kWh/m2 on annual basis for the scenario that involves the implementation of the EE measures (see Table 4.59). This results in energy-saving potential of around 111.48 kWh/m2 and cost-saving potential of 2.56 €/m2 or 256 € per building in each year.

The higher PBP when compared to the scenario when the heat pump is introduced together with a heat distribution system, which at first seems illogical, can be explained with the assumptions used. In other words, it was assumed that in case the distribution system is already used a biomass boiler with higher efficiency is the base case, and since it would have an expenditure factor of 1.5 this was already cost-effective heating. On the other hand, the base case for the installation of the whole system is heating by biomass stoves with expenditure factor 2.

Still, there could be reasons that HH would replace the biomass boiler with a heat pump, for instance to avoid the hassle and loss of time with dealing with fuelwood or other types of fuel. The same applies to MAB, too.

Table 4.59: Energy and cost-saving potential of heat pumps for the Reference IH









Reference MAB

Actual delivered energy for the Reference MAB is estimated at 93 kWh/m2 for the base-case scenario and around 23 kWh/m2 on an annual basis for the scenario that involves the implementation of the EE measures installation of heat pumps (see Table 4.60). This results in energy-saving potential of 70 kWh/m2 and cost-saving potential of 0.95 €/m2 or 918 € per building in each year.

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Table 4.60: Energy and cost-saving potential of heat pumps for the Reference MAB

Description Unit Delivered Energy




Cost saving potential €/m2a 0.95




4.10 LIGHTING SYSTEM – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS

4.10.1 Eligibility criteria for efficient lighting systems

The lighting system upgrade presents a great opportunity for the application of energy efficiency measures and energy saving. The application of LED lamps which are already well represented in the Kosovo market is proposed as an energy efficiency measure. The eligibility criteria for LED lamps are:

• LED lights luminous efficacy equal to or greater than 80 lumens per watt.

During the selection of LED lamp, lifetime declared by the producer should be also considered.

To calculate and analyse the costs and savings of a lighting system, it is assumed that an electric lamp is used on average 2 hours per day. The number of lamps for an individual house is assumed to be 10 pieces. If we consider that the incandescent lamps with 60 W capacity can be replaced by LEDs with 9 W, the energy saving is obvious.

4.10.2 Efficient lighting systems, turnkey prices and cost breakdown

Prices provided by suppliers for LED lighting lamps are given in Table 4.61 for Reference IH and the Reference MAB in Table 4.62. The prices include both LED bulbs and LED light fixtures in certain parts of the building premises.

Table 4.61: Lighting system prices for the Reference IH

Material Mat.

quantity

Unit

Commel Juxy Beghler, Lambario Wellmax Philips

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

€ € € € € € € € € € LED bulb 9-10 W 7 piece 2.00 14.0 1.30 9 1.00 7 2.50 18 2.20 15 LED fixture 24 W 3 piece 6.50 19.5 4.00 12 4.50 14 5.00 15 4.00 12 Installation 3 piece 3.00 9.00 3.00 9 3.00 9 3.00 9 3.00 9

TOTAL 42.50 30.10 29.50 41.50 36.40

53

Table 4.62: Lighting system prices for the Reference MAB

Material Mat. quantity

Unit Commel Juxy Beghler,

Lambario Wellmax Philips

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

€ € € € € € € € € € Light lamp 9 W 135 piece 2.00 270 1.30 176 1.00 135 2.50 338 2.20 297 Led panel 24 W 10 piece 6.50 65 4.00 40 4.50 45 5.00 50 4.00 40 Installation 10 piece 3.00 30 3.00 30 3.00 30 3.00 30 3.00 30

TOTAL 365.00 245.50 210.00 417.50 367.00

Table 4.63 shows the total investment needed for improving the lighting system of the individual IH. According to the prices provided the average investment for providing and installing the LED lamps is 0.36 €/m2 per total reference area.

Table 4.63: Estimated investment costs of lighting system for the Reference IH


€/m2 €

COMMEL 0.43 42.5

JUXY 0.30 30.1

BEGHLER, LAMBARIO 0.30 29.5

WELLMAX 0.42 41.5

PHILIPS 0.36 36.4

Average 0.36 36.00

Table 4.64 displays the provided prices for the EE measures for improving the lighting system of the Reference MAB, which include the supply and installation works in demand of LED panel lamps especially in common spaces of MAB. The average investment cost needed to perform this measure is estimated at 0.33 €/m2.

Table 4.64: Estimated investment costs of lighting system for the Reference MAB


€/m2 €

Commel 0.38 365.00

Juxy 0.25 245.00

Beghler, Lambario 0.22 210.00

Wellmax 0.43 417.00

Philips 0.38 367.00

Average 0.33 320.80


Reference IH

Actual delivered energy for lighting system (incandescent lamps) is 4.4 kWh (see Table 4.65) and after installation of LED lamps is 1.31 kWh per square meter annually. The energy-saving potential will be

54

3.09 kWh/m2a, and when multiplying with electrical energy price of 0.08 €/kWh we get specific cost saving of 0.25 €/m2 annually. The total cost-saving potential on an annual basis for Reference IH is 24.72 €.

Table 4.65: Energy and cost-saving potential of lighting system for the Reference IH

Description Unit Delivered Energy








Reference MAB

The energy-saving potential after the installation of LED lamps is around 3 kWh/m2a (see Table 4.66) and cost-saving potential is 0.25€ per square meter annually. The total cost-saving potential for the Reference MAB is 239 € annually.

Table 4.66: Energy and cost-saving potential of lighting system for the Reference MAB





Cost saving potential Eur/m2a 0.25

Total cost-saving potential Eur/a 239.04



4.11 SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS

4.11.1 Eligibility criteria for solar domestic hot water systems

In order to apply renewable energy sources for domestic hot water preparation, installation of a thermal solar water system for the Reference IH and MAB is evaluated. The energy efficiency eligibility criteria for solar hot water systems are as follows:

• Solar collectors with vacuum tubes (suitable for cold weather like it is present in Kosovo) including control system thermal efficiency equal to or greater than 75%;

• The energy efficiency of hot water storage tanks class C.

Technical specification of solar hot water systems for reference IH is:

55

• Solar collector up to 3m2, metal construction, water storage tank 200 L, expanding vessels and other material and works needed for installation are given in suppliers offers. It is assumed that net delivered energy for domestic hot water including loses to the distribution system will be 15 kWh per square meter annually for IH11.

Technical specification of solar hot water systems for reference MAB is:

• solar collector with vacuum tubes up to 30 m2 thermal efficiency equal to or greater than 75%, metal construction, water storage tank no less than 2000 L with energy efficiency class C.

4.11.2 Solar hot water system turnkey prices and cost breakdown

Prices provided by suppliers for solar domestic hot water system are shown in Table 4.67 for IH and in tTable 4.68 for MAB. This includes material supply and installation of:

• metal construction on the roof, solar collectors, solar storage tank, expanding vessels, piping system and pump, controls including thermostats and sensors.

Table 4.67: Solar water system prices for the Reference IH

Material Mat.

quantity

Unit Sonenkraft Bauherr Sunsystem BOSCH

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

€ € € € € € € € Solar collector 1 piece 679.68 680 460.00 460 2,450 2,450 2,000 2,000 Construction 1 piece 212.40 212 60.00 60 0.00 0 0.00 0 Water storage tank 200L 1 piece 1,418 1,419 590.00 590 0.00 0 0.00 0 Expanding vessels 1 piece 49.00 49 45.00 45 0.00 0 0.00 0 Antifreeze 1 l 10 L 5.00 50 14.50 145 0.00 0 0.00 0 Straps 1 piece 73.00 73 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 Sensors for solar 1 piece 18.23 18 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 Sensor for water tank 2 piece 14.13 28 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 Pipes 15 m 17.00 255 4.20 63 12.80 192 0.00 0 Pump 1 piece 0.00 0 260.00 260 0.00 0 0.00 0 Thermostat 1 piece 0.00 0 200.00 200 0.00 0 0.00 0 Other 1 piece 150.00 150 600.00 600 150.00 150 150. 150 Installation 1 piece 295.00 295 200.00 200 350.00 350 500. 500 TOTAL 3,229 2,623 3,142 2,650

Table 4.68: Solar water system prices for the Reference MAB

Material Mat. quantity Unit

Sunsystem BOSCH Unit price Total cost Unit price Total cost

€ € € € Solar collector filed and equipment 1 piece 15,400 15,400 14,000 14,000 Installation 1 piece 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Other 1 piece 500 500 500 500

TOTAL 18,900 17,500

11 TABULA Calculation Method, (8), Table 1

56

Table 4.69 shows the total investment needed for improving the DHW system for Reference IH. The estimated average investment is around 29 € per IH’s square meter. The total cost of implementing EE measures ranges from 2,623 € to 3,229 € per IH.

Table 4.69: Estimated investment costs of solar water for the Reference IH


€/m2 €

SONENKRAFT 32.29 3,229.00

SUNSYSTEM 31.42 3,142.00

BAUHERR 26.23 2,623.00

BOSCH 26.50 2,650.00

Average 29.11 2,911.00

Table 4.70 shows the total investment needed for improving the DHW system for Reference MAB. The estimated average investment is around 18.82 €/m2 per MAB. The average total cost of implementing EE measures 18,200 € for the whole MAB.

Table 4.70: Estimated investment costs of solar water for the Reference MAB


€/m2 €

BOSCH 18.10 17,500.00

SUNSYSTEM 19.54 18,900.00

Average 18.82 18,200.00


Reference IH

As mentioned above, delivered energy for domestic hot water including loses in the distribution and storage system will be 15 kWh per square meter on an annual basis. After the installation of the solar domestic hot water system, the cost-saving potential resulted in 1.2 €/m2 or 120 €/yeary for Reference IH.

Table 4.71: Energy and cost-saving potential of solar water system for the Reference IH



Energy-saving potential kWh/m2a 15





Reference MAB

After the installation of a solar hot water system, the cost-saving potential is 1.2 € (see Table 4.72) per square meter annually. The total cost saved per Reference MAB is 1,160 € annually.

57

Table 4.72: Energy and cost-saving potential of solar water system for the Reference MAB



Energy-saving potential kWh/m2a 15





4.12 HEAT PUMP (SPLIT SYSTEM) – TECHNICAL AND TURNKEY COST PARAMETERS

4.12.1 Eligibility criteria for EE heat pump (split system) measures

As substitution of individual heating systems (such as biomass stoves, electrical heaters etc.) heat pumps with a split system can be used. The energy efficiency eligibility criteria are as follows:

• Electricity driven Air-to-Air heat pumps with a coefficient of performance (COP) equal to or greater than 3.8

Technical specifications of heat pumps provided by suppliers/installers for a typical household are:

• one external unit- up to 12 kW output thermal power and 4 indoor units - for heating and cooling: wall mounted, heating capacity of each indoor unit 3.2-3.6 kW, cooling capacity 2.5-3.3 kW.

It is expected that each apartment within MAB will install the heat pump split system with the same characteristics as the one for IH.

4.12.2 Heat pump split system turnkey prices and cost breakdown

The quantity and cost of equipment (per unit and total cost) for each required material as part of the proposed EE measures for heat pump split system have been provided by several suppliers. The prices for the Reference IH are given in Table 4.73 and for the Reference MAB in Table 4.74. The prices provided include the equipment supply and installation of heat pumps split system for Reference IH and MAB.

58

Table 4.73: Heat pump split system EE measure prices for the Reference IH

Material Quantity Unit GREE BOSCH TOSHIBA

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

€ € € € € € Split system outdoor unit 12 kW 1 Piece 1,600 1,600 2,000 2,000 2,257 2,257

Split system indoor unit 3.5 kW 4 Piece 300 1,200 400 1,600 271 1,084

Pipes 4 piece 150 600 150 600 112 448 Other 1 piece 200 200 250 250 250 250 Installation 1 piece 400 400 1,000 1,000 600 600

TOTAL 4,000 5,450 4,639

Table 4.74: Heat pump split system EE measure prices for the Reference MAB

Material Quantity Unit GREE BOSCH TOSHIBA

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

Unit price

Total cost

€ € € € € €

Split system outdoor unit 12 kW 15 piece 1,600 24,000 2,000 30,000 2,257 33,855

Split system indoor unit 3.5 kW 45 piece 300 13,500 400 18,000 271 12,195

Pipes 45 150 6,750 150 6,750 112 5,040 Installation 15 400 6,000 800 12,000 500 7,500

TOTAL 50,250 66,750 58,590

Table 4.75 shows the total investment for heat pump split system in IH. According to the prices provided by suppliers, the average investment for installing a heat pump split system is around 47 €/m2 for IH reference area.

Table 4.75: Estimated investment costs of a heat pump split system for the Reference IH


€/m2 €

GREE 40.00 4,000.00

BOSCH 54.50 5,450.00

TOSHIBA 46.39 4,639.00

Average 46.96 4,696.33

Table 4.76 displays the provided prices for the EE measures for installation of heat pump split system for Reference MAB, which include the supply, transport, work, and other related non-EE measures necessary for installation. According to the prices provided the average investment is 60.53 €/m2 per total reference area.

59

Table 4.76: Estimated investment costs of a heat pump split system for the Reference MAB


€/m2 €

GREE 51.96 50,250.00

BOSCH 69.03 66,750.00

TOSHIBA 60.59 58,590.00

Average 60.53 58,530.00


Reference IH

The Table 4.77 shows that actual delivered energy for space heating is 169.44 kWh/m2a if space heating is done with fuelwood stove (energy need after measures 84.72 multiplied with FW stove with expenditure factor of 2), or 88.96 kWh/m2a if space heating is done with electric heaters(energy need after measures 84.72 multiplied with EL stove with expenditure factor of 1.05). The energy delivered after installation of an efficient heat pump split system is 31.56 kWh per square meter annually. The cost-saving potential after this measure is 2.58 € and 4.61 € per square meter annually respectively.

Table 4.77: Energy and cost-saving potential of heat pump split system for the Reference IH




Energy-saving potential kWh/m2a 137.88 57.40




Average PBP year 18.20 10.19

Reference MAB The actual delivered energy for the Reference MAB is estimated at 65.11 kWh/m2 annually base-case scenario and around 23kWh/m2 for the scenario that involves the implementation of heat pump split system (see Table 4.78). This results in energy-saving potential of around 42 kWh/m2 and cost-saving potential of 3.37 €/m2 or 3,262 € for the whole MAB annually.

Table 4.78: Energy and cost-saving potential of heat pump split system for the Reference MAB








Average PBP Year 17.94

60

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 RETROFIT OF INDIVIDUAL HOUSES

The Study results provide a general overview of energy-saving potential, energy (cost) savings, investment costs and cost-effectiveness (expressed by PBP), all per square meter (m2), of applied EEMs applicable for implementation of EE-retrofits in IHs. These results will be used as a reference for the Project design and activities related to his in the HER IP.

It is worth stressing that calculations in the Study were done under certain unavoidable assumptions, where a choice of the Reference IH was used as a model. Based on that, benchmarks for application of “standard” EE measures in the Project were obtained. However, a full understanding of the applied methodology and cautious interpretation of the results is required to understand the specificities of the results.

Demand side of the Reference IH

It is evident that the EE measure with the greatest energy-saving potential on the demand-side is thermal insulation of walls, but at the same time, this is also the measure with the highest investment cost (see Table 5.1). The shortest payback period (PBP) is for thermal insulation of the roof (of the attic floor) which is quite a usual case. Average payback periods of the insulation of walls, roof and floor are favourable especially under the assumption that electricity is used for heating. For windows and doors, the PBPs are longer, particularly for doors. It is recognised that the replacement of doors does not have an economic sense from the EE point of view but a HH may decide for this intervention due to other reasons (e.g. security, appearance, convenience, etc.).

In Tables 5.1-5.2 below, the average specific investments are presented with VAT included, while the PBPs are calculated and presented both with VAT and without VAT: However, it is clear that at least the grant part of the investment covered by MFK will be exempted from VAT.

Table 5.1: Summary of results on (i) energy cost-saving potential, (ii) average investment costs and (iii) PBP of EE measures on the demand side of the Reference IH

Description Unit Roof Wall Floor Window Door TOTAL*

Energy demand before EEMs kWh/m2a 274.57 274.57 274.57 274.57 274.57 274.57

Energy demand after EEMs kWh/m2a 215.2 212.25 235.45 246.64 273.46 84.72

Energy-saving potential kWh/m2a 59.37 62.32 39.12 27.93 1.11 189.85

Specific energy cost saving (FW) €/m2a 1.78 1.87 1.17 0.84 0.03 5.7

Specific energy cost saving (EL) €/m2a 4.75 4.99 3.13 2.23 0.09 15.19

Average specific investment per element (e.g. façade) area €/m2 18.09 20.14 17.81 127.06 269.70 N/A

Average specific investment per reference (floor) area €/m2 18.09 28.20 17.81 15.25 6.74 81.34

Average PBP (FW) year 10.15 15.08 15.18 18.20 224.67 14.27

Average PBP (EL) year 3.80 5.65 5.69 6.82 74.89 5.35

Average PBP (FW) w/o VAT year 8.60 12.78 12.86 15.42 190.40 12.09

Average PBP (EL) w/o VAT year 3.22 4.79 4.82 5.78 64.35 4.54

* The total represents the result of the implementation of all demand side measure

61

Supply side of the Reference IH

On the supply side, the EEM with the highest energy cost-saving potential is the installation of heat pumps and HP split systems but these are quite expensive measures.

The biomass central heating application has reasonable investment cost and the payback period.

It is obvious that the installation of efficient biomass stoves represents a very efficient measure, but it should be kept in mind that full thermal comfort conditions for the entire floor area will not be achieved by this measure. The heat will be distributed by radiation from the stove and free convection of heated air; therefore, the same temperature will not be reached in all spaces of IH, i.e. the room with the stove will likely be overheated and some of the other rooms could be under-heated.

Related to the installation of heat pump systems, it is evident that split systems (air-air) are the most economical solutions since there is no additional cost associated with the heat distribution system with radiators/calorifiers.

Installation of Solar DHW systems is the least economical EEM since the resulting saving of electricity does not justify the investment in a fairly complicated and expensive technical system.

Finally, the LED lighting is the most cost-efficient measure with PBP close to no more than just one year. (see Table 5.2)

Table 5.2: Summary of results on (i) energy cost-saving potential, (ii) average investment costs and (iii) PBP of EEMs on the supply side of the Reference IH

Description Unit Biomass

cent. heating

Biomass stove

HP w/ cent.

heating HP

HP split

Solar DHW Lighting

Delivered energy before EEMs (FW) kWh/m2a 185.19 169.44 185.19 142.83 169.44 N/A N/A

Delivered energy before EEMs (EL) kWh/m2a 104.71 88.96 104.71 N/A 88.96 15 4.40

Delivered energy after EEMs kWh/m2a 124.65 118.61 31.56 31.35 31.56 0 1.31

Energy saving potential (FW) kWh/m2a 60.54 50.83 153.63 111.48 137.88 N/A N/A

Energy saving potential (EL) kWh/m2a -19.94 -29.65 73.15 N/A 57.40 15 3.09

Specific energy cost saving (FW) €/m2a 1.98 0.93 3.85 2.56 2.58 N/A N/A

Specific energy cost saving (EL) €/m2a 4.02 2.97 5.90 N/A 4.61 1.20 0.25

Average specific investment per reference (floor) area

€/m2 39.62 9.02 105.43 80.54 46.95 29.11 0.37

Average PBP (FW) year 20.01 9.69 27.39 31.46 18.21 0.00 0.00

Average PBP (EL) year 9.85 3.03 17.87 N/A 10.18 24.26 1.45

Average PBP (FW) w/o VAT year 16.96 8.21 23.21 26.66 15.43 N/A N/A

Average PBP (EL) w/o VAT year 8.35 2.57 15.14 N/A 8.63 20.56 1.23

62

5.2 RETROFIT OF MULTI-APARTMENT BUILDING

As for IHs, the Study results provide energy-saving potential, energy (cost) savings, investment costs and cost-effectiveness (expressed by PBP), all per square meter (m2), of applied EEMs applicable for implementation of EE-retrofits in MABs. following data provides a general overview of payback period, cost saved and the investment cost per square meter for each EE measure. These results will be used as a reference for the Project design and activities related to MABs. Alike IHs, it must be emphasized that calculations were done under certain assumption, therefore, the interpretation of the results should be made and only with a full understanding of the methodology used.

Demand side of the Reference MAB

For the Reference MAB, like for the Reference IH, the EEM with the greatest saving potential on the energy demand-side is thermal insulation of walls (see Table 5.3). The installation of windows represents more expensive EEM, together with doors. Installation of new doors does not make economic sense from the EE point of view, but similarly with IHs, doors could be changed for other reasons (e.g. security, appearance, convenience, etc.). The average payback period for the roof is quite short due to the favourable ratio between relatively low investment and high energy saving potential that is typical for MABs.

In Tables 5.3-5.4 below, the average specific investments are presented with VAT included, while the PBPs are calculated and presented both with VAT and without VAT: However, it is clear that at least the grant part of the investment covered by MFK will be exempted from VAT.

Table 5.3: Summary of results on (i) energy cost-saving potential, (ii) average investment costs and (iii) PBP of EE measures on the demand side of the Reference MAB

Description Unit Roof Wall Floor Window Door TOTAL

Energy demand before EEMs kWh/m2a 200.94 200.94 200.94 200.94 200.94 200.94

Energy demand after EEMs kWh/m2a 176.73 134.99 194.12 159.25 200.68 62.01

Energy saving potential kWh/m2a 24.21 65.95 6.82 41.69 0.26 138.93

Specific energy cost saving (EL) €/m2a 1.94 5.28 0.55 3.34 0.02 11.13

Average specific investment per element (e.g. façade) area

€/m2 24.64 34.30 *28.79 115.76 300.66 N/A

Average PBP (EL) year 2.70 5.78 11.19 7.36 44.84

Average PBP (EL) w/o VAT year 2.29 4.90 9.48 6.24 38.00

Supply side of the Reference MAB

On the supply side, the EE measure with the highest energy cost-saving potential is the installation of heat pumps and HP split systems but these are the most expensive measures, too. (See Table 5.4).

The central heating installation including the common biomass heating boiler has reasonable investment costs as well as the payback period.

63

Similarly, as for IHs, the installation of efficient biomass stoves represents considerably efficient measure, but without full thermal comfort (same as described for IH) and with additional difficulties relating to a pellet storage area and possible smokestack issues.

Installation of HP in MABs is the least economical measure particularly if a complete system of heat distribution with radiators and calorifiers need to be installed.

Installation of Solar DHW systems is MABs appears to be slightly more favourable than in IHs because of the common elements (e.g. DHW tank), but it is still an EEM with very high PBP.

The LED lighting remains the most cost-efficient measure with PBP close to one year.

Table 5.4: Summary of results on (i) energy cost-saving potential, (ii) average investment costs and (iii) PBP of EEMs on the supply side of the Reference MAB

Description Unit Central heating

Biomass stove

HP w/ cent.

heating HP

HP split

Solar DHW Lighting

Delivered energy before EEMs kWh/m2a 65.11 65.11 65.11 93.02 65.11 15 4.4

Delivered energy after EEMs kWh/m2a 77.51 86.81 22.94 22.94 22.94 0 1.31

Energy saving potential kWh/m2a -12.4 -21.70 42.17 70.8 42.17 15 3.09

Specific energy cost saved €/m2a 2.50 2.17 3.37 0.95 3.53 1.2 0.25

Average specific investment per reference (floor) area

€/m2 26.71 11.85 46.79 25.61 51.29 15.95 0.28

Average PBP (EL) year 10.68 5.46 13.87 26.97 14.52 13.29 1.14

5.3 CONCLUSIONS

The conclusions are derived based on the following main assumptions:

the principal goal of RELP project and consequently, of the SEEK project is the reduction of electricity consumption for heating;

the SEEK project needs to assure inclusion of special (vulnerable) target groups; calculations were based on full-comfort conditions after the EE retrofit which are usually not

met at present, particularly in lower-income strata of society; calculations were based on a methodology that initially considered energy savings by the

introduction of the EEM on the demand side and only afterwards the EEM on the supply side. lower-income strata use fuelwood as their main energy commodity for heating.

The important side benefit of EE retrofit is the effect of introducing EEMs on the value of the property. Based on the market research with real-estate agencies12 implemented by the SEEK project, the perceived increase of sales value of retrofitted houses is estimated at a considerable 30%.

The calculated PBPs of demand side EEMs are very long if fuelwood (FW) base scenario is considered, and even more so on the supply side EEMs. It must be mentioned that in HHs that use fuelwood a significant amount of fuel is also from self-collection (at low or no cost), which makes this EEM in such

12 SEEK project, BC&O survey conducted with Real Estate Agencies in Kosovo

64

cases even less attractive (longer PBPs). However, such self-collection and illegal woodcutting cannot last forever. When the fuelwood providers are properly regulated and obliged to pay all applicable taxes, this unsustainable practice will phase out, leading to higher fuelwood prices and consequently, considerably shorter PBPs of fuelwood related EEMs.

Another phenomenon is electricity prices in Kosovo that are the lowest in the region and for the magnitude of 2-3 times lower than in the EU. This is a result of a still not performing electricity market in Kosovo. Due to the likely increasing gap between electricity demand and supply due to power generation uncertainties, Kosovo will have to import electricity from regional markets in larger volumes compared to today. This is likely to result in higher electricity prices and conditions of vulnerable power imports. Under such assumptions and consequently changed conditions, there shall be an increasing opportunity for EEMs in Kosovo, as higher energy costs savings and shorter PBPs will prevail.

If heating by electricity (EL) is considered as base case scenario; the PBPs of EEMs both on the demand and the supply side become more acceptable, particularly if it is considered that full use of electrical heating is generally connected to higher income strata of society.

The prices for implementing EEM are determined based on received offers for the purpose of the Study and differentiate in certain cases significantly. In general, the price levels are quite high particularly for imported products (heat-pumps, solar thermal systems, etc.) which can be attributed to the prevailed insufficient market development for such products and services at present. Consequently, it can be concluded that the importers and suppliers in Kosovo have relatively high price margins. If a “small” buyer, such as an individual household, is requesting an offer; the “list” prices are usually given. This would not be the case if the same product was purchased by a “partnering supplier or installer” when the price margins can be significantly reduced. Finally, in the case of the households buying products or works on their own, these circumstances will probably result in the selection of products/materials with lower prices and potentially inferior quality.

In February 2020, a “Public Call for Request for Information for Producers, Suppliers and Installers of products and materials for energy efficiency (EE) measures” was published by the SEEK Project. The Call was open for two weeks and finally, 64 applications were received. This significant response proofs that there is great interest in cooperation with the Project. It can be assumed that potential suppliers and installers may offer prices reductions well above the typical 10%.

5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS

The following recommendations are given for the development of the SEEK project incentive schemes:

Proper understanding of EEM benefits at customers: The trade-off between the indoor comfort and energy cost savings must be explained to the households that currently have low indoor comfort conditions during winter.

Adequate selection / prioritization of target groups: In order to comply with one of the Project main goals, HHs which are not using electricity for heating (e.g. heated by fuelwood) should be excluded as potential beneficiaries. Nevertheless, HH from special (vulnerable) target groups should be an exception to this criterion. In order to make EEM economically acceptable to such HHs the grant levels must be determined considering the base case scenario of fuelwood use, i.e. grant levels must be higher.

Adequacy of grant level in reflection of current energy supply pattern: For the electricity-heated houses, the economy of introducing EEM is proportionate to the level of electricity use; the more electricity HHs are currently using for heating the more sense it makes to invest in EEMs. Therefore, since the project’s main target group are such houses, the required grant level for them does not have to be very high.

65

Additional stimulus for combined demand-supply EEMs from scratch: The calculated PBPs of supply side EEMs are generally higher than those of demand side EE measures. In order to stimulate HHs to invest in supply side measures besides investing in demand side EEMs, additional incentives are therefore necessary and recommended. Additional “bonus” grant percentage should be introduced for the supply side part of the project if the HH is ready to invest in both the priority (demand side) EEMs and the supply side EEMs at the same time (as one investment project).

In case the HH already has an adequately insulated envelope, it can be assumed that it belongs to the medium or higher income strata, therefore, additional “bonus” for the supply side measures is not necessary.

Mandatory implementation of LED lighting systems: Due to its favourable economics the use of LED lighting measure should be mandatory (where applicable) for all the HHs participating in the Project.

Competitive procurement of products / materials and related works: The Project should use the potential of competitive purchase (such as public procurement) of product/materials with or without installation works in order to get the “best” price. Still, the procurement approach should be well defined and prepared, since only then the real market competition will result in price reduction, benefiting both MFK and HHs.

Maximum endeavours to explore possibilities to exempt the non-MFK share from VAT: To make the best use of funds; the VAT reduction should be applied to the donor part and if possible, also to HH contribution.

Additional criteria in the selection of suppliers / installers: During the purchase of products/materials and related works additional elements besides eligibility criteria could be observed such as quality (proven by corresponding certificates), experience (references for similar works), technical capacity and personal capacities, delivery/installation time, warranty conditions and period, availability of service network, etc.

Importance of BC: Given the high PBPs of EEMs, beside the purely economic viewpoint, other benefits such as increased wellbeing of HH members, house appearance, house sales value, etc. should be strongly emphasized in the Project promotion.

66

Annex 1: Calculation sheet of energy need for IH in existing conditions

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 100 m²

Uoriginal,i U after Uactual,i Aenv,i btr,i Htr,iW/(m²K) W/(m²K) m² W/K

0.26 Add x x = 133.0x x = 0.0

0.31 Add x x = 145.8Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.47 0 x x = 94.0

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 42.0

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 7.5

∆Utb Σ Aenv ,i Htr,tb

× × = 32.3

454.6

cp,air nair,use nair,infiltration AC,ref hroomWh/(m³K) 1/h 1/h m² m W/K

x ( + ) × × = 82.6

82.62

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred

W/K W/K (htr= 1.13 W/(m²K)) kKh/a kWh/aTotal heat transfer Qht ( + ) × × = 29803.4

29803.4

window

windoworientation m² kWh/(m²a) kWh/a

1. Horizontal × ( 1 ) × × × × 398 = 0.02. East × ( 1 ) × × × × 310 = 140.63. South × ( 1 ) × × × × 455 = 722.44. West × ( 1 ) × × × × 310 = 246.15. North × ( 1 ) × × × × 145 = 82.2

1191.3

ϕι dhs AC,ref

kh/d W/m² d/a m² kWh/a

Internal heat sources Qint × × × = 1332.0

1332.0

internal heat capacity per m² AC ,ref cm Wh/(m²K)

= 0.085= h

parameter = = 0.93

kWh/a

Energy need for heating QH,nd Qht – ηh,gn × (Qsol + Qint) = 27456.8

Energy need for heating QH,nd 27456.8

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

274.57

13.32

11.91

298.03

0.28

4.55

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

8

1.08

0.024 3.00 185 100.0

Internal heat sources Qint

45

027

3.52.5

Solar heat load during heating season Qsol sum

0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3

Total heat transfer Qht

20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a

0.5 100.0 2.7Heat transfer coefficientby ventilation Hve

454.6 82.6 0.800 69.4

1

1thermal bridging: surcharge on the U-values

sum

Heat transfer coefficient by ventilation Hve

0.34 0.4

322.5

2.5

x0.024

0.1

Heat transfer coefficient by transmission Htr

3.00Door 1 Replacement of doors0

Replacement of windows (U=1,4) 12.0 11

Additional roof insulation (10 cm)

Additional wall insulation (10 cm)

00

108.00.0

1.33

1.350.00

1.88Floor 1Floor 2Window 1Window 2

1.33

1.350.00

1.88

3.50

Roof 1Roof 2Wall 1Wall 2Wall 3

0

reference area

100.0

0.03.500.003.00

10111

0.50

100.0

code construction element

originalU-value

actualU-value

area (basis: external dimensions)

adjustment factor soilmeasure type

applied refurbishment measure

volume-specific heat capacity air

air change rateby use by infiltration

room height(standard value)

solar global radiation

Isol,i

reduction factors window area

Aw indow ,iexternal

shading Fshframe area fraction FF

non-perpen-dicular FW

solar energy transmittance

ggl,n

internal heat sources heating days

Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––

heat balance ratio for the heating mode

cm · AC,refHtr + Hv e

τ = ––––––––time constant of the building

ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1

gain utilisation factor for heating

accumulated differences between internal and external temperature

internal temp. external temp. heating days

temperature reduction factor

67

Annex 2: Calculation of saving potential – roof insulation of IH

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 100 m²


0.26 Add x x = 26.0x x = 0.0

0.31 Add x x = 145.8Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.47 0 x x = 94.0

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 42.0

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 7.5


× × = 32.3

347.6


x ( + ) × × = 82.6

82.62

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


23866.8

window



1191.3

ϕι dhs AC,ref



1332.0


= 0.106= h

parameter = = 0.93

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

215.20

13.32

11.91

238.67

0.28

3.48

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

10

1.15

0.024 3.00 185 100.0


45

027

3.52.5


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


347.6 82.6 0.800 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

322.5

2.5

x0.024

0.1






00

108.00.0

0.26

1.350.00


1.33

1.350.00

1.88

3.50


0

reference area

100.0

0.03.500.003.00

10111

0.50

100.0


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





68

Annex 3: Calculation of saving potential – wall insulation of IH

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 100 m²


0.26 Add x x = 133.0x x = 0.0

0.31 Add x x = 33.5Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.47 0 x x = 94.0

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 42.0

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 7.5


× × = 32.3

342.2


x ( + ) × × = 82.6

82.62

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


23571.6

window



1191.3

ϕι dhs AC,ref



1332.0


= 0.107= h

parameter = = 0.93

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

212.25

13.32

11.91

235.72

0.28

3.42

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

11

1.15

0.024 3.00 185 100.0


45

027

3.52.5


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


342.2 82.6 0.800 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

322.5

2.5

x0.024

0.1






00

108.00.0

1.33

0.310.00


1.33

1.350.00

1.88

3.50


0

reference area

100.0

0.03.500.003.00

10111

0.50

100.0


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





69

Annex 4: Calculation of saving potential – floor insulation of IH

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 100 m²


0.26 Add x x = 133.0x x = 0.0

0.31 Add x x = 145.8Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.47 0 x x = 23.5

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 42.0

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 7.5


× × = 32.3

384.1


x ( + ) × × = 82.6

82.62

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


25891.9

window



1191.3

ϕι dhs AC,ref



1332.0


= 0.097= h

parameter = = 0.93

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

235.45

13.32

11.91

258.92

0.28

3.84

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

10

1.12

0.024 3.00 185 100.0


45

027

3.52.5


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


384.1 82.6 0.800 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

322.5

2.5

x0.024

0.1






00

108.00.0

1.33

1.350.00


1.33

1.350.00

1.88

3.50


0

reference area

100.0

0.03.500.003.00

10111

0.50

100.0


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





70

Annex 5: Calculation of saving potential – windows replacement of IH

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 100 m²


0.26 Add x x = 133.0x x = 0.0

0.31 Add x x = 145.8Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.47 0 x x = 94.0

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 19.2

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 7.5


× × = 32.3

431.8


x ( + ) × × = 55.1

55.08

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


27010.4

window



1191.3

ϕι dhs AC,ref



1332.0


= 0.093= h

parameter = = 0.93

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

246.64

13.32

11.91

270.10

0.18

4.32

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

9

1.11

0.024 3.00 185 100.0


45

027

3.52.5


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


431.8 55.1 0.800 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

322.5

2.5

x0.024

0.1






00

108.00.0

1.33

1.350.00


1.33

1.350.00

1.88

3.50


0

reference area

100.0

0.01.600.003.00

10111

0.50

100.0


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





71

Annex 6: Calculation of saving potential – door replacement of IH

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 100 m²


0.26 Add x x = 133.0x x = 0.0

0.31 Add x x = 145.8Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.47 0 x x = 94.0

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 42.0

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 5.5


× × = 32.3

452.6


x ( + ) × × = 82.6

82.62

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


29692.4

window



1191.3

ϕι dhs AC,ref



1332.0


= 0.085= h

parameter = = 0.93

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

273.46

13.32

11.91

296.92

0.28

4.53

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

8

1.08

0.024 3.00 185 100.0


45

027

3.52.5


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


452.6 82.6 0.800 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

322.5

2.5

x0.024

0.1






00

108.00.0

1.33

1.350.00


1.33

1.350.00

1.88

3.50


0

reference area

100.0

0.03.500.002.20

10111

0.50

100.0


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





72

Annex 7: Calculation sheet of energy need for IH after the implementation of all measures

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 100 m²


0.26 Add x x = 26.0x x = 0.0

0.31 Add x x = 33.5Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.47 0 x x = 23.5

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 19.2

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 5.5


× × = 32.3

139.9


x ( + ) × × = 55.1

55.08

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


10819.6

window



1191.3

ϕι dhs AC,ref



1332.0


= 0.233= h

parameter = = 0.93

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

84.73

13.32

11.91

108.20

0.18

1.40

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

23

1.57

0.024 3.00 185 100.0


45

027

3.52.5


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


139.9 55.1 0.800 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

322.5

2.5

x0.024

0.1






00

108.00.0

0.26

0.310.00


1.33

1.350.00

1.88

3.50


0

reference area

100.0

0.01.600.002.20

10111

0.50

100.0


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





73

Annex 8: Calculation sheet of energy need for MAB in existing conditions

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 967 m²

U-originaU-After Uactual,i Aenv,i btr,i Htr,iW/(m²K) W/(m²K) m² W/K

0.28 Add x x = 432.6x x = 0.0

0.33 Add x x = 1,238.0Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.50 0 x x = 157.0

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 717.5

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 10.5


× × = 191.0

2746


x ( + ) × × = 769.5

770

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


219458

window


1. Horizontal × ( 1 ) × × × × 398 = 02. East × ( 1 ) × × × × 310 = 87893. South × ( 1 ) × × × × 455 = 04. West × ( 1 ) × × × × 310 = 56255. North × ( 1 ) × × × × 145 = 0

14413

ϕι dhs AC,ref



12883


= 0.124= h

parameter = = 0.92

kWh/a


Energy need for heating QH,nd 194345

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

200.94

13.32

14.90

226.90

2.57

2.84

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

12

1.21

0.024 3.00 185 967.2


45

0125

0800


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


2746 770 0.900 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

1273.2

3.0

x0.024x 0.6

0.15






00

655.00.0

2.11

1.890.00


2.11

1.890.00

1.53

3.50


0

reference area

205.0

0.03.500.003.50

10111

0.50

205.2


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





74

Annex 9: Calculation of saving potential – roof insulation of MAB

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 967 m²


0.28 Add x x = 57.4x x = 0.0

0.33 Add x x = 1,238.0Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.50 0 x x = 157.0

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 717.5

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 10.5


× × = 191.0

2371


x ( + ) × × = 769.5

770

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


196042

window



14413

ϕι dhs AC,ref



12883


= 0.139= h

parameter = = 0.92

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

176.73

13.32

14.90

202.69

2.57

2.45

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

14

1.26

0.024 3.00 185 967.2


45

0125

0800


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


2371 770 0.900 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

1273.2

3.0

x0.024x 0.6

0.15






00

655.00.0

0.28

1.890.00


2.11

1.890.00

1.53

3.50


0

reference area

205.0

0.03.500.003.50

10111

0.50

205.2


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





75

Annex 10: Calculation of saving potential – wall insulation of MAB

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 967 m²


0.28 Add x x = 432.6x x = 0.0

0.33 Add x x = 216.2Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.50 0 x x = 157.0

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 717.5

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 10.5


× × = 191.0

1725


x ( + ) × × = 769.5

770

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


155679

window



14413

ϕι dhs AC,ref



12883


= 0.175= h

parameter = = 0.92

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

134.99

13.32

14.90

160.96

2.57

1.78

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

17

1.38

0.024 3.00 185 967.2


45

0125

0800


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


1725 770 0.900 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

1273.2

3.0

x0.024x 0.6

0.15






00

655.00.0

2.11

0.330.00


2.11

1.890.00

1.53

3.50


0

reference area

205.0

0.03.500.003.50

10111

0.50

205.2


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





76

Annex 11: Calculation of saving potential – floor insulation of MAB

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 967 m²


0.28 Add x x = 432.6x x = 0.0

0.33 Add x x = 1,238.0Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.50 0 x x = 51.3

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 717.5

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 10.5


× × = 191.0

2641


x ( + ) × × = 769.5

770

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


212861

window



14413

ϕι dhs AC,ref



12883


= 0.128= h

parameter = = 0.92

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

194.12

13.32

14.90

220.08

2.57

2.73

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

13

1.23

0.024 3.00 185 967.2


45

0125

0800


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


2641 770 0.900 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

1273.2

3.0

x0.024x 0.6

0.15






00

655.00.0

2.11

1.890.00


2.11

1.890.00

1.53

3.50


0

reference area

205.0

0.03.500.003.50

10111

0.50

205.2


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





77

Annex 12: Calculation of saving potential – windows replacement of MAB

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 967 m²


0.28 Add x x = 432.6x x = 0.0

0.33 Add x x = 1,238.0Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.50 0 x x = 157.0

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 328.0

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 10.5


× × = 191.0

2357


x ( + ) × × = 513.0

513

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


179136

window



14413

ϕι dhs AC,ref



12883


= 0.152= h

parameter = = 0.92

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

159.25

13.32

14.90

185.21

1.71

2.44

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

15

1.31

0.024 3.00 185 967.2


45

0125

0800


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


2357 513 0.900 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

1273.2

3.0

x0.024x 0.6

0.15






00

655.00.0

2.11

1.890.00


2.11

1.890.00

1.53

3.50


0

reference area

205.0

0.01.600.003.50

10111

0.50

205.2


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





78

Annex 13: Calculation of saving potential – door replacement of MAB

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 967 m²


0.28 Add x x = 432.6x x = 0.0

0.33 Add x x = 1,238.0Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.50 0 x x = 157.0

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 717.5

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 6.6


× × = 191.0

2743


x ( + ) × × = 769.5

770

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


219214

window



14413

ϕι dhs AC,ref



12883


= 0.125= h

parameter = = 0.92

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

200.68

13.32

14.90

226.65

2.57

2.84

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

12

1.21

0.024 3.00 185 967.2


45

0125

0800


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


2743 770 0.900 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

1273.2

3.0

x0.024x 0.6

0.15






00

655.00.0

2.11

1.890.00


2.11

1.890.00

1.53

3.50


0

reference area

205.0

0.03.500.002.20

10111

0.50

205.2


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





79

Annex 14: Calculation sheet of energy need for MAB after the implementation of all measures

Ac 300 20 AC,ref 967 m²


0.28 Add x x = 57.4x x = 0.0

0.33 Add x x = 216.2Add x x = 0.0

0 x x = 0.00.50 0 x x = 51.3

x x = 0.01.60 Repl x x = 328.0

0 x x = 0.02.20 Repl x x = 6.6


× × = 191.0

850


x ( + ) × × = 513.0

513

ϑ i ϑe dhs

°C °C d/a( – ) × =

Htr Hv e Fred


85102

window



14413

ϕι dhs AC,ref



12883


= 0.321= h

parameter = = 0.92

kWh/a



kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

62.02

13.32

14.90

87.99

1.71

0.88

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

kWh/(m²a)

32

1.86

0.024 3.00 185 967.2


45

0125

0800


0.90.90.90.90.9

0.60.60.60.60.6

0.800.600.600.600.60

0.30.30.30.30.3


20 4.38 185 2889.7Kd/a


850 513 0.900 69.4

1


sum


0.34 0.4

1273.2

3.0

x0.024x 0.6

0.15






00

655.00.0

0.28

0.330.00


2.11

1.890.00

1.53

3.50


0

reference area

205.0

0.01.600.002.20

10111

0.50

205.2


originalU-value

actualU-value








Isol,i


Aw indow ,iexternal




ggl,n


Qsol+QintQht

γh,gn = –––––––




ττH,0

aH = aH,0 + ––– ηh,gn = ––––––– 1 – γaH

1 – γaH+1





80

Annex 15: List of additional works

OTHER WORKS

1.0

Demolation of existing and installation of new marble tiles at the entrance of the building including concrete, reinforcement and finishing of granite m2

2.0

Renovation of plinth walls in including the removal of existing plastering, removal of exposed parts, masonry, concrete and plastering m'

3.0Painting the ceilings in every area where lighting is proposed to be changed. m²

4.0Painting the walls in every area where windows is proposed to be changed m²

5.0 Supply and install hydroinsulation m²6.0 Supply and install snow barriers m'7.0 Remove of existing and supply and install fascia and soffit m2

8.0 Renovation of the existing chimneys pcs / copë9.0 Cleaning the roof area from the debris m2

10.0 Removal of existing horizontal gutters, downspouts

11.0Supply and install horizontal gutters, downspouts , install edge dripping, roof ridge covers and valley and cover

12.0 properly dispose off at an approved site/landfill for all materials

13.0Demolition of ventilation caps in the façade walls. After façade works are done, pcs / copë

14.0 Clean façade walls m2

15.0 Fix the cracks m2

16.0

Opening channels in the wall for inserting AC unit tubes and wiring for the reflectors and cable. Also works should include removal of existing AC units, and reinstalling them again psc / copë

17.0 Supply and install exterior window sills m'18.0 Supply and install interior marble sill m'19.0 Remove existing windows and exterior window sills pcs / copë

20.0Perform internal plastering and painting around windows painting.

m'21.0 PREPARATION WORKS - Site ls22.0 Constructing sidewalks in the building m2

23.0 Supply and construct balcony slab as in the detail design m2

24.0

Removal of the existing balcony rails and upgrade them by: shortening,painting (two layers anti-corrosive paint and two layers paint for metal) m'

25.0Demolation of existing cover from entracy conopy. In price include cover and metal column m2

26.0

Removal of window bars from existing windows and replacing again after windows are in place. Price to include removal, adjustment to the new size, painting and installing again. pcs

27.0 Cleaning of sidewalks and removal of grass. m'28.0 Supply and install external granit above balcony parapets m2

29.0 LIGHTNING AND INSTALLATION FOR EARTHING m'

30.0

Renovation walls including the removal of existing plastering, removal of exposed partse and plastering again with same color

m'

PROCUREMENT OF IMPLEMENTER FOR PILOT INCENTIVES FOR … · 2021. 7. 9. · Eduard Lir 10, Arbëri ....

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Transcript of PROCUREMENT OF IMPLEMENTER FOR PILOT INCENTIVES FOR … · 2021. 7. 9. · Eduard Lir 10, Arbëri ....