PROCUREMENT AND SUPPLY MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 5

MATERIAL MANAGEMENT

Materials management is the planning and control of the flow of materials that are part of the inbound logistics system.

Materials Management Activities Procurement Importance of Item and Service Purchased The Special Case of Procurement Price Other Materials Management Activities

Materials Management:Procurement Importance

Contributes to the competitive advantage of the firm

Significant portion of the logistics costs

Definition of Procurement Activities Identify or reevaluate needs Define and evaluate user requirements Decide whether to make or buy Identify the type of purchase Conduct a market analysis Identify all possible suppliers Prescreen all possible source Evaluate the remaining supplier base Choose a supplier Receive delivery of the product or service Make a post purchase performance evaluation

PROCUREMENT PROCESS

Materials Management: Importanceof Item and Service Purchased Products and services purchased by a

company are not all the same. Some are more important than others

and require greater procurement attention.

The quadrant technique enables the supply chain manager to assess the relative importance of each item based on the degree of perceived value and risk.

There are four possible combinations in the quadrant techniques model: Generics --- low risk, low value Commodities --- low risk, high value Distinctives --- high risk, low value Criticals --- high risk, high value

Figure 4-3 illustrates the relationships in the quadrant technique model.

Figure 4-3Item Procurement Importance Matrix

Materials Management: Managingthe Procurement Process in 4 Steps1. Determine the type of purchase

New Straight rebuy Modified rebuy

2. Identify the type of purchase Determine the necessary levels of

investment of time and information. The more complex the purchase, the more

time needs to be spent and more information needs to be gathered to get it right the first time.

3. Perform the procurement process Do those activities that are necessary to

effectively make a purchase and satisfy the user’s requirements.

4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the procurement process Were the user’s needs satisfied? Was the investment necessary?

Materials Management: Managing

the Procurement Process Supplier/Vendor Evaluation and

Relationships Maintaining a healthy vendor relationship is

a critical part of a successful supply chain. Developing a true partnership relationship

with a firm’s vendors grows more important as the number of vendors shrinks and/or the vendors are being sought by other competing supply chains.

TQM begins with the vendors.

Vendor Selection Criteria Quality Reliability Capability Financial Miscellaneous Other Qualities Vendor Location Factor Importance Will Vary

Overview of Vendor Selection Criteria

Materials Management: TheSpecial Case of Procurement

Price Sources of Price

Commodity markets Price lists Price quotations Negotiation

Hierarchy of PriceMeasurement Approaches

Types of Costs Traditional basic input costs – primary

product price Direct transaction costs - all other related

costs of detecting and transmitting information to suppliers (e.g., EDI)

Supply relational costs - costs of maintaining relationships with suppliers

Total Procurement Price

Other types of Costs Landed costs - actual transport costs +

sales terms Quality costs/factors - do the goods

conform to standard?

Overview of Production Planning and Control

Other types of Costs Operations/logistics costs Receiving and make-ready costs Lot size costs Production costs Other logistics costs affected by product’s

size, weight, density and shape

Materials Management: OtherMaterials Management

Activities

Warehousing Type of facilities

required Production

Planning and Control Coordinating

product supply with product demand

Transportation Vendor control Modal choice Rush shipments Inspection Damage claims

Quality Control Quality standards

did customer receive what was ordered? Quality implications

GIGO concept Sample inspection

statistical QC from vendor to assure 100% quality

Salvage and Scrap Disposal Value of scrap may be income to the firm. Disposal must adhere to environmental

regulations.

Electronic Procurement

Common uses of E-commerce Research vendor and product information Electronic check of available stock Price negotiation Order products or services Check on the status of an order Issue invoice and receive payment

Advantages of Electronic Procurement

Disadvantages Security of electronic messages Lack of face-to-face contact Other technological concerns

Standard protocols System reliability

Four Basic Types of E-commerce

Models Sell-side system

Administered by the seller Usually free to the buyer

Electronic marketplace Administered by a third party Collection of electronic catalogs One-stop sourcing for buyers

Buy-side system Administered by the buyer Pre-approves vendor access Expensive and usually the domain of large

companies On-line trading community

Maintained by a third party Used by multiple buyers and sellers