Date: 12 June 2015Page 4 of 26Revision:DRAFT

Processing, Dispensing and Use of Flammable and Combustible Liquids

PS-ST-003

Global Supply ChainPROCESS SAFETY

WARNING If Printed this document becomes an UNCONTROLLED Copy

I. POLICYFlammable & combustible liquid handling procedures that comply with this standard must be established at all Ecolab sites that process flammable or combustible liquids in excess of the quantities listed in Table 1 of this standard. *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***. This is necessary to prevent injuries and property loss/damage due to fire.This standard outlines the Ecolab corporate requirements for the safe storage of flammable and combustible liquids. The standard is based on NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. NFPA 30 provides greater detail and guidance and should be referred to for interpretation of this standard. NFPA 70, EU Directive 94/9/EC ATEX and the National Electric Code should also be referenced for more detailed information.A. Requirements in this document are identified as follows:1. Mandatory requirements are identified by the bolded term must and shall;2. Recommendations, identified by the terms recommended or should, are not mandatory but preferred options. Each site is expected to follow recommendations where possible; and3. Guidance, identified with the terms suggested or may, is given where a specific approach cannot be defined or where multiple options are acceptable. B. The requirements listed above in point A apply to all new construction and modifications to existing facilities.C. These requirements do not apply retroactively to existing situations unless identified in the following manner: *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***. D. It is recognized that standards cannot cover all possible situations and good engineering judgment may dictate alternative arrangements. Alternative arrangements for mandatory requirements must be approved, see PS-PR-003:Process Safety Exception Procedure.E. In the event of a conflict with government or local standards, codes, or regulations, then the more stringent of the two (regulation or the Ecolab standard) must be followed.

II. SCOPEThis standard applies to the processing, dispensing and use of flammable and combustible liquids in excess of the Maximum Allowable Quantities listed in Table 1 at all Ecolab and Nalco Champion manufacturing, processing, blending, distribution, and storage locations globally. These sites will be referred to as Ecolab sites in this document.Table 1 Maximum Allowable Quantities

Storage, processing, handling and use of Class II and Class III liquids heated to within 17 degrees C of their flash point shall be treated as Class I liquids unless an engineering evaluation conducted in accordance with NFPA 30 justifies following the requirements for another liquid class.III. DEFINITIONSA. Flammable Liquids Classification:1. Flammable liquids shall be classified as Class I liquids and further sub classified according to the following:a. Class IA Liquid- Any liquid that has a flash point below 73F (22.8C) and a boiling point below 100F (37.8C)b. Class IB Liquid- Any liquid that has a flash point below 73F (22.8C) and a boiling point above 100F (37.8C)c. Class1C Liquid- any liquid that has a flash point at or above 73F (22.8C) but below 100F (37.8C)2. Combustible liquids shall be classified in accordance with the followinga. Class II liquids- Any liquid having a flash point at or above 100F (37.8C) and below 140F (60C)

b. Class IIIA Liquids- Any liquid having a flash point above 140F (60C) but below 199F (93C)

c. Class IIIB Liquid- Any liquid having a flash point at or above 199F (93C)

3. Class II and Class III liquids heated to within 30 deg F (17 deg C)or above their flash point shall be treated as Class I liquids.B. Bulk Storage Systems: Bulk storage systems are defined as fixed tanks that exceed 60 GAL(230 L) in capacity, portable tanks that exceed 660 GAL(2500 L) in capacity, or intermediate bulk containers that exceed 792 GAL(3000 L).C. Flash Point: The minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid or within the vessel used.D. Boiling Point: The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure.E. Static Electricity:The electric charge or spark that is generated when there is friction between two unlike materials or substances.

F. Bonding: For the purpose of controlling static hazards, the process of connecting two or more conductive objects together (such as a dispensing container and a receiving container) so that they are at the same electrical potential, but not necessarily the same potential as the earth.

G. Grounding: The process of bonding one or more conductive objects to the ground so that all objects are at zero (0) electrical potential also referred to as earthing. Grounding means connecting a conductive object to the earth to dissipate electricity such as accumulated static, lightning strikes, etc. into the ground and away from employees, equipment, and ignitable mixtures.

H. Bonding Wire:Provides an electric pathway directly between a dispensing container and the receiving container.

I. Grounding Wire: Provides an electric pathway from the dispensing container directly to the earth ground.

J. Earth Ground: Any ground source that would be sufficient for protection against static electricity. A ground source that is adequate for power circuits or lightning protection are two examples.

K. Permanent Ground: A copper conductive, solid or braided wire that is attached to a permanent location. That permanent location must be verified as an earth ground. Wires must be attached by using screw type clamps or by welding the wire to the earth ground location.

L. Temporary Ground: Braided copper conductive wire attached to a permanent ground via spring clamps or magnetic clips. Used only when connecting a dispensing container directly to the receiving container and when connecting the dispensing container to the earth ground.M. Unprotected Area: An area not electrically classified and/or not adequately protected for utilizing flammable and/or combustible liquids. Protection included sprinklers, foam, etc. Please note, not all sprinklers are designed for flammable/combustible liquid fires.N. Enclosed Processing Area: An area within walls or a building.O. Enrichment: It is a fuel rich environment. The concentration of the fluid is above the upper flammability limit meaning the fluid cannot ignite; however, this environment is achieved by not allowing introduction of oxygen within the process (this is typical for vent header systems to the flare). P. IncidentalOperations: Operations that utilize flammable and combustible liquids only as a limited activity to the primary purpose for the area. Examples include maintenance shops, print shops and offices.IV. RESPONSIBILITIESLocal management is responsible to prevent fires and establish procedures and training for all processes that utilize flammable and/or combustible liquids. Management must also provide training for all individuals handling flammable and combustible liquids including storage, staging, use, and spill clean-up requirements.

V. REQUIREMENTSA. Electrical Classification

1. Electrical utilization equipment and wiring must not constitute a source of ignition for any ignitable gas or vapor that might be present under normal operation or because of a spill. All Ecolab sites must assess their use of flammable and combustible liquids and utilize the appropriate electrical equipment based on the classifications listed in 3. *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.2. All sites handling flammable and combustible liquids must generate an Electrical Classification Drawing that denotes the Class and Division of the different site areas *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.

3. The site Electrical Classification Drawing must meet the NFPA 70 and NEC or International Electrotechnical Commissions (IEC) definitions. Below are the basic definitions and requirements.a. Class I: Hazardous locations or areas where flammable gases or vapors are or could become present in concentrations suitable to produce explosive andor ignitable mixtures. Class I locations are further divided into 2 divisions and 3 Zones:

1. Class I, Division 1:There are three different situations that could exist to classify an area as a Class I, Division 1 location:a. When the atmosphere of an area or location is expected to contain explosive mixtures of gases, vapors, or liquids during normal working operations. (This is the most common Class I, Div. 1 or Zone 0)b. An area where ignitable concentrations frequently exist because of repair or maintenance operations (Class 1 Div 1, or Zone 1)c. The release of ignitable concentrations of gases or vapors due to equipment breakdown, while at the same time causing electrical equipment failure.

2. Class I, Division 2 or Zone 2:One of the following three situations must exist in order for an area to be considered a Class I, Division 2 or Zone 2 location:a. An area where flammable liquids and gases are handled, but not expected to be in explosive concentrations. However, the possibility for these concentrations to exist might occur if there was an accidental rupture or other unexpected incident.b. An area where ignitable gases or vapors are normally prevented from accumulating by positive mechanical ventilation, yet could exist in ignitable quantities if there was a failure in the ventilation systems.c. Areas adjacent to Class I, Division 1 locations where it is possible for ignitable concentrations of gas/vapors to come into this area because there isn't proper ventilation.

b. Class II: Class II hazardous locations are areas where combustible dust, rather than gases or liquids, may be present in varying hazardous concentrations.

a. Class II, Division 1:The following situations could exist, making an area become a Class II, Division 1 location:1. Where combustible dust is present in the air under normal operating conditions in such a quantity as to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures. This could be on a continuous, intermittent, or periodic basis.2. Where an ignitable and/or explosive mixture could be produced if a mechanical failure or abnormal machinery operation occurs.3. Where electrically conductive dusts in hazardous concentrations are present.

b. Class II, Division 2:Class II, Division 2 locations exist in response to one of the following conditions:1. Where combustible dust is present but not normally in the air in concentrations high enough to be explosive or ignitable.2. If dust becomes suspended in the air due to equipment malfunctions and if dust accumulation may become ignitable by abnormal operation or failure of electronic equipment.

c. Class III: Class III hazardous locations contain easily ignitable fibers or filings, but the concentration of these fibers or filings are not suspended in the air in such quantities that would produce ignitable mixtures.a. Class III, Division 1:These locations are areas where easily ignitable fibers or items that produce ignitable filings are handled, manufactured or used in some kind of a process.

b. Class III, Division 2:These locations are areas where easily ignitable fibers are stored or handled.

4. Below are two examples to use as the basis for declaring electrical classifications in operations using flammable materials or materials at or above their flash point:

The first represents a drum filling operation. Note the area within 3 ft of the vent (labeled below on the top of the drum) will be classified as Class I Division I(Zone 0). The area within 5 ft of the vent and 10 feet at 18 inches of ground level will all be Class I Division II(Zone 1). Also, any sump, drains, or trenches below grade in the Class I Division II area would be Class I Division I(Zone 0).

The second represents a railcar filling operation. Again, the area within 3 ft of the valves around the top of the railcar would be classified as Class I Division I(Zone 0). Note the Class I Division II (Zone 1) area is extended to 15 ftversus 5 ft for drum filling because of the larger volume of liquid in the railcar.

B. Dispensing, Handling, Transfer, and Use of flammable materials and materials handled at or above their flash point

1. Class I liquids must be kept in closed tanks or containers when not in use. Class II and Class III liquids must be kept in closed tanks or containers when ambient or process temperature is within 17 deg C at or above the flash point. *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.

2. Where liquids are used or handled, provisions must be made to promptly and safely clean and dispose of leakage or spills using methods that comply with local regulatory requirements. Spill kits with spark proof tools and non-combustible (metal) containers must be provided for clean-up *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.

3. Load-bearing building supports and load-bearing supports of vessels and equipment (such as pipe racks) capable of releasing liquids that could result in a fire capable of substantial property damage must be protected by one or more of the following:*** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.

a. Drainage to a safe location to prevent liquids from accumulating under vessels, equipment, or load-bearing supports

b. Fire-resistive construction

c. Fire-resistant protective coatings

d. Water spray systems designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection

4. Transfer of liquids among containers, tanks, and piping by air is not allowed. The transfer of liquids with inert gas may be permitted only under all of the following conditions*** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***:a. The containers, tanks, and piping systems shall be designed for such pressurized transfer and must be capable of withstanding the anticipated operating pressure.

b. Safety and operating controls, including pressure-relief devices, must be provided to prevent overpressure of any part of the system and must vent outside the building.

c. Only inert gas shall be used to transfer Class I liquids. Only inert gas shall be used to transfer Class II and Class III liquids that are within 17 deg C or above their flash point.

d. All vessels and equipment that are purged / blanketed with a purge or inert gas must be labeled at all manways to warn of a possible oxygen deficient atmosphere. An example of an appropriate warning label is:

DANGER!Under normal conditions this tank is blanketed with an inerting gas that isImmediately Dangerous to Life and Health

C. Staging of flammable and combustible liquids in containers must be limited to:1. Containers, intermediate bulk containers, and portable tanks that are currently in use;2. Containers, intermediate bulk containers, and portable tanks that were filled during a single shift;3. Containers, intermediate bulk container, and portable tanks needed to supply the process for one continuous 24-hour period;4. All Staging requirements *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.

D.Processing Facilities1. When a process heats a liquid to a temperature within 17 deg C or above its flashpoint, the following shall apply *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.:a. The process vessel shall be closed to the room in which it is located and vented to the outside of the building.b. If the vessel needs to be opened to add ingredients, the room ventilation shall meet the requirements of point 6 below and the process heating controls will be interlocked with the ventilation such that the process heat will shut down if the ventilation fails or is turned off.c. The process vessel shall be equipped with an excess temperature control set to limit excessive heating of the liquid and the subsequent release of vapors.

2. Liquid processing vessels and equipment shall be located in accordance with section 17 of NFPA 30. In general, liquid processing vessels and equipment should not be located closer than 7.6 meters (25 feet) to property lines where the adjoining is or can be built upon or closer than 7.6 meters (25 feet) to the nearest important building on the same property that is not an integral part of the process.

3. Emergency drainage systems shall be provided to direct liquid leakage and fire protection water to a safe location.*** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.

4. Emergency drainage systems, if connected to public sewers or discharged into public waterways, shall be equipped with traps or separators. Vapor traps are needed to prevent gas or vapors from creating a flammable hazard along the entire drainage system.*** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.

5. A facility shall be designed and operated to prevent the discharge of liquids to public waterways, public sewers, or adjoining property.

6. Enclosed processing areas handling or using Class I liquids, or Class II or Class III liquids heated to temperatures within 17 deg C of their flash points, mustbe ventilated at a rate sufficient to maintain the concentration of vapors within the area at or below 25% of the lower flammable limit (LFL) *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***. In addition,a. A ventilation rate of not less than 1 ft3/min/ft2 (0.3 m3/min/m2) of solid floor area shall be considered as meeting the requirements. b. Ventilation shall be accomplished by mechanical or natural means. Exhaust ventilation discharge must be to a safe location outside the building. *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.c. Recirculation of the exhaust air shall be permitted only when it is monitored continuously using a fail-safe system that is designed to automatically sound an alarm, stop recirculation, and provide full exhaust to the outside in the event that vaporair mixtures in concentrations over one-fourth of the lower flammable limit are detected. *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.

7. Only hoses made of a compatible material of construction can be used. Hoses must be inspected prior to each use and repaired or discarded when there is any sign of wear. Where hoses are used for flammable or combustible liquid transfer, the hoses must be constructed with bonding wires within the hose structure and provide continuity from both ends. *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.

8. Means must be provided to minimize generation of static electricity during all methods (gravity, pumping, etc.) of transferring flammable liquids (see section E). *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.9. Where pumps are used for flammable or combustible liquid transfer means should be provided to remotely deactivate liquid transfer in the event of a liquid spill or fire.

10. A written emergency action plan that is consistent with available equipment and personnel shall be established to respond to fires and related emergencies *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***. This plan shall include the following:a. Procedures to be followed in case of fire or release of liquids or vapors, such as sounding the alarm, notifying the fire department, evacuating personnel, and controlling and extinguishing the fire.b. Procedures and schedules for conducting drills of these proceduresc. Appointment and training of personnel to carry out assigned duties, which shall be reviewed at the time of initial assignment, as responsibilities or response actions change, and whenever anticipated duties change.

11. Procedures for the maintenance of the following must be in place and effective *** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***:a. Fire protection equipment and systemsb. Drainage and containment systemsc. Ventilation equipment and systemsd. Procedures for shutting down or isolating equipment to reduce, control, or stop the release of liquid or vapors, including assigning personnel responsible for maintaining critical plant functions or shutdown of plant processes and safe startup following isolation or shutdowne. Alternative measures for the safety of occupants

A. B. C. D.

E. Controlling Static Electricity

1. Ignition hazards from static electricity must be controlled by one or more of the following methods:*** (Applies retroactively at all Ecolab sites)***.a. Relocating the ignitable mixture from the area where static electricity could cause an ignition dischargeb. Reducing charge generation by means of no splash filling (fill pipes must be subsurface), no fine mesh filters and limiting transfer velocities to < 9.8 ft/s (3m/s) for small vessels and