Process to Product and Product to Process - Professor Gareth Stratton
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Transcript of Process to Product and Product to Process - Professor Gareth Stratton
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Professor Gareth StrattonChair, NICE Physical activity and Children PDG
Research Institute for Sports and Exercise SciencesLiverpool John Moores University
Producing Public Health Guidance the “NICE” Way
Process to Productand
Product to Process
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How can NICE help?• NICE is an independent organisation
responsible for standards to promote good health and prevent or treat ill health, based on best value for money
• NICE recommendations can help organisationsmeet public health targets (NIs, PSAs etc)
• NICE offers advice to organisations who have a role in promoting health and wellbeing
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How can NICE help?Public Health ProblemLow Physical Activity
Where is the problem?Young People
Can PA be changed?Evidence
Effectiveness:Cost
Use EvidenceRecommendations
Use RecommendationsPolicy, Strategy, Practice
Monitor Evaluate
Product
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The issues• Physical inactivity in England is estimated to
cost £8.2 billion a year and is predicted to rise
• Physical activity is important for children’s healthy growth and development
• Physical activity contributes to general health and wellbeing and can reduce the risk of several chronic conditions
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Assessing Cost Effectiveness
Probability of rejection
Cost per QALY (£K)
x XX XX
10 20 30 40 50
0
1
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Promoting physical activity for children and young
people
Schools and colleges
Implementing NICE guidance2009
NICE public health guidance 17
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Health Survey for England (2003) www.heartstats.org
Percentage of children participating in at least 60 minutes of physical activity daily, 2002, England
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Age
%Boys
Girls
Decrease in Physical Activity in School Age Children
Physical activityOverestimated
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EYHS Physical Activity and Metabolic Risk
Odds ratios for Clustered Risk in Children and Adolescents
01234
1 2 3 4 5
Quintile
Od
ds
ra
tio
Increased riskSD>1
Andersen LB, Lancet. 2006 Jul 22;368(9532):299-304
>2000 cpm116 min 9y olds88 min 15y olds
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Mapping the obesity epidemic in Liverpool 9-10 year olds
Taylor, Stratton, and Hackett, Health Educ Res (2004).Dummer, Hackett, Stratton, Taylor PHN (2004).
Stratton, Hackett, Boddy, Taylor, Buchan and Canoy IJO (2007)
30000 children 1998-2004Fitness, fatness, parents activity, diet, sports preference.
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- 0.5
- 0.4
- 0.3
- 0.2
- 0.1
0
0.1
0.2
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98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04
Year
z s
core Fitness
BMI
Data from G Stratton, Liverpool Sportlinx
Rise in BMI and fall in cardio-respiratory endurance of Liverpool 10 year olds from 1998 to 2004
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Scope•The recommendations are for: •all children and young people up to 18
•specifically:- children aged 11 and under - girls aged 11 to 18
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What is evidence?
• How much evidence do you need to make recommendations?
• How good does the evidence need to be?
• What type of evidence should you use?
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Searching for Evidence for Programme EffectivenessReview 1: Descriptive epidemiologyReview 2: Correlates of physical activity in children: a review of quantitative
systematic reviewsReview 3: The views of children on the barriers and facilitators to
participation in physical activity: a review of qualitative studiesReview 4: Intervention review: under eightsReview 5: Intervention review: children and active travelReview 6: Intervention review: adolescent girlsReview 7: Intervention review: family and communityReview 8: Review of learning from practice: children and active playReview of economic evaluations:Cost effectiveness analysis: Fieldwork
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What does evidence tell you?• Quantity• Quality
– Different question– Different
population group– Different
comparator– Different outcome– Different context– Different
intervention…• Diversity
Lay Members
ProfessionalsPractitioners
Academics
ChairNICEPACC
Reading
Understanding
SHOKK®
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ProductChildren’s Physical Activity Guidelines (draft)
Study Type
Authors Study Quality
Physical activity change?
RCT Prochaska & Sallis (2004)Patrick et al. (2006)
++++
No changeNo change
CRCT Simon et al. (2004)Schofield et al. (2005)Haerens et al. (2006)Murphy et al. (2006)Robbins et al. (2006)
+++++
PositivePositive
No changePositive
No change
CNRT Baxter et al. (1997)Metzker (1999)Moon et al. (1999)Winett et al. (1999)
----
No changePositive
No changePositive
RNCT Marks et al. (2006) + Positive
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Adolescent Girls Review
.
• There is evidence from one controlled non-randomised trial in the USA [-], that a counselling intervention can lead to an increase in physical activity in adolescent girls. A characteristic of this intervention is that it is was short (8 weeks) and included older girls (>14 y) only.
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• Who is the target population?
Focus, related to the scope
• Who should take action?
Be as specific as possible
• What action should they take?
Be precise and realistic
Targeted and Specific
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Recommendation 14
• Who is the target population?• Girls and young women aged 11–18.• Who should take action?• Practitioners who lead physical activities, including youth
leaders, teachers, coaches and volunteers.• What action should they take?• Ensure all physical activity opportunities emphasise
participation, enjoyment and personal development. Support participants of all abilities in a non-judgemental way which is sensitive to cultural and religious issues. Encourage those who initially choose not to participate in physical activity to observe. Help them move gradually from observation to full participation.
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Key Principles• Young people at the centre• Involving staff and parents• Effective community links• Space, facilities and equipment• Developing a physical activity policy• Providing structured and unstructured
opportunities• Monitoring and evaluation• Cost:Benefit
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Recommendations : Audience• NHS – hospital,community• Local authority• Education• Third Sector• Individual• Public• Government• Private/Commercial
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ProductChildren’s Physical Activity Guidelines (draft)
Sections
• Key priorities • Public health need and practice• Children and young people’s activity levels• National policy• Non-government initiatives • Considerations• Value of physical activity • Children and young people’s needs• Factors that encourage or hinder physical activity
• Limitations
• Recommendations
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How the Recommendations Fit Together
Local Practitioners Delivery
Local OrganisationsPlanning, Delivery, Training
Local Strategic Planning
High Level PolicyAnd Strategy
National Policy
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Ordering of Recommendations
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“Between the thought and the action lies the shadow”
(Mark Twain)
www.nice.org.uk/PH17
Using NICE Public Health Guidance