Process Technology Presentation
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Transcript of Process Technology Presentation
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PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES
by:Ms. Jerielyn V. Reyes
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Operations management and Process Technology
• What does the technology do which is different from other similar technologies?
• How does it do it? That is, what particular characteristics of the technology are used to perform its function?
• What benefits does using the technology give to the operation?
• What constraints does using the technology place on the operation?
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Learning Objectives
• Identify the process technology used in any operation
• Describe the significant materials-processing technologies.
• Describe the significant information-processing technologies.
• Describe the significant customer-process technologies.
• Understand how process technologies are chosen.
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What is Process technology
• the machines, equipment and devices that help operations to create or deliver products and services.
• direct process technologies• indirect process technologies
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Direct Process Technologies
Hospital body scanner
Disney World use flight-simulation technologies
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Indirect Process Technologies – help to facilitate the direct creation of products and services.
Accounting System Stock Control
System
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Integrating Technologies
• The distinction between material, information and customer processing technologies is for convenience only because many newer technologies with greater information-processing capability process combinations of materials, people and customer
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Electronic point of sale (EPOS)• processes shoppers, products and information• provides information for operations control systems
and financial systems, such as information on slow-moving items, out-of-stock items, cashier speed and store turnover and profitability.
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Types of Process Technologies
•Material • Information• Customer
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Material Processing Technologies
• Technologies which have had a particular impact include numerically controlled machine tools, robots, automated guided vehicles, flexible manufacturing systems and computer-integrated manufacturing systems.
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• Computer numerically controlled machine tools (CNC). Performs the same types of metal-cutting and forming operations which have always been done, but with control provided by a computer
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• Robots are ‘automatic position-controlled reprogrammable multi-function manipulators having several degrees of freedom capable of handling materials, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks’.
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• Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are small, independently powered vehicles which move materials to and from value-adding operations
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• Flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) are ‘computer-controlled configurations of semi independent workstations connected by automated material handling and machine loading’.
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• Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the integration of computer-based monitoring and control of all aspects of the manufacturing process, drawing on a common database and communicating via some form of computer network.
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YO! Sushi• YO! Sushi are sushi
restaurants with an accent on style.
• They employ technology to create their unique atmosphere.
• Prepared dishes are circulated around the sitting area on a moving conveyor.
• Customers simply take what they want as they pass by.
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Information-Processing Technology
• Information-processing technology, or just information technology (IT), includes any device which collects, manipulates, stores or distributes information.
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IT Methods• A local area network- allows decentralized information
processors such as personal computers to communicate with each other and with shared devices over a limited distance
• The internet - allows access to the World Wide Web, the distributed hypermedia/hypertext system. (information overload )
• Extranets - allowing customers, suppliers and banks to exchange trading information
• E-business - the use of internet-based technology, either to support existing business processes or to create entirely new business opportunities
• M-business - the phrase now frequently used to cover applications that combine broadband internet and mobile telephony devices
• Decision support systems (DSSs) - Uses data storage, models and presentation formats to structure information and present consequences of decisions
• Automatic identification technologies
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Customer-Processing Technology
• The way we classify technologies is through the nature of the interaction between customers, staff and the technology itself.
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• Active interaction technology the customer takes control of the technologyExample: Mobile phone service, internet-based ordering, e-mail, cash machines
Classification of Customer-Processing Technology
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• Passive Interactive Technology Customers are guided and thus interacting with the technology, but the technology ‘processes’ the customers and controls them by constraining their actions in some way.
Examples: being a ‘passenger’ in an aircraft, mass transport systems, moving walkways and lifts, cinemas and theme parks
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• Hidden interaction with the technologyfor staff to track customers’ movements or transactions in an unobtrusive way Examples: security cameras, retail scanners, credit card tracking
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• Interaction through an IntermediaryThe benefits to the customer are a more flexible serviceExample: Call centre technology, travel shop’s booking system
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Characteristics of Process Technology
• The degree of automation of the technology - the ratio of technological to human effort it employs is sometimes called the capital intensity of the process technology
• The scale or scalability of the technology - the ability to shift to a different level of useful capacity quickly and cost effectively
• The degree of coupling or connectivity of the technology - linking together of separate activities within a single piece of process technology to form an interconnected processing system
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Choice of Technology• Market requirements evaluation includes
assessing the impact that the process technology will have on the operation’s performance objectives:– Quality– Speed– Dependability– Flexibility– Cost
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• Operations Resource Evaluation - an assessment of the potential that the organization is acquiring through its process technology
• Constraints - the things it will find difficult to do because of the acquisition of the technology.
• Capabilities - the things which the operation can now do because of the technology.
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• Financial evaluation involves the use of some of the more common evaluation approaches, such as net present value.Morgan Company is considering a capital investment of $180,000 in additional productive facilities. The new machinery is expected to have a useful life of 6 years with no salvage value. Depreciation is by the straight line method. During the life of the investment, annual net income and net annual cash flows are expected to be $20,000 and $50,000 respectively. Morgan has a 15% cost of capital rate which is the required rate of return on the investment.Present Value at 15% Discount factor for 6 periods 3.78448 Present value of net cash flows: $50,000 x 3.78448 $189,224.00 Capital Investment 180,000.00 Net present Value $9,224.00
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One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men. No machine can do the work of one extraordinary man.
Elbert Hubbard The Roycroft Dictionary
and Book of Epigrams, 1923
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Thank you !!