Proceedings of the International Conferenceon Recent Cognizance in Wireless Communication& Image Processing

Nitin Afzalpulkar • Vishnu SrivastavaGhanshyam Singh • Deepak BhatnagarEditors

Proceedingsof the InternationalConference on RecentCognizance in WirelessCommunication & ImageProcessingICRCWIP-2014

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EditorsNitin AfzalpulkarAsian Institute of TechnologyBangkokThailand

Vishnu SrivastavaMicrowave Tubes DivisionCentral Electronics Engineering ResearchInstitute

Pilani, RajasthanIndia

Ghanshyam SinghDepartment of Electronics and TechnologyMalaviya National Institute of TechnologyJaipurIndia

Deepak BhatnagarDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of RajasthanJaipurIndia

ISBN 978-81-322-2636-9 ISBN 978-81-322-2638-3 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2638-3

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016930278

© Springer India 2016This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or partof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionor information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt fromthe relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in thisbook are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor theauthors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein orfor any errors or omissions that may have been made.

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Preface

The 1st International Conference on Recent Cognizance in WirelessCommunication & Image Processing (ICRCWIP-2014) was held in the campus ofPoornima Institute of Engineering & Technology Jaipur during 16–17 January2015. A total of 400 participants, 175 of whom were students, attended the con-ference. The participants had fruitful scientific and technical discussions andexchanges that made the conference a complete success.

The overall response to the conference was quite encouraging. A large numberof papers were received. After careful review, 173 papers were chosen for pre-sentation during the conference. After the conference, an additional round of reviewwas carried out. Among the presented papers, 110 papers were selected forinclusion in the conference proceedings. A very informative panel discussion wasalso organized during the conference. The aim of the panel discussion was todiscuss the advancements in wireless communication, optical communication, cir-cuit design and image processing, and their effects on humans. The discussion wasplanned to give faculty, academicians, delegates, and students a platform wherethey can discuss issues and share problems and solutions with each other in ahealthy and knowledgeful environment.

The papers appearing in the proceedings belong to these major clusters:

CLUSTER-I Image processing and its applicationCLUSTER-II Wireless and microwave communicationCLUSTER-III Nanoelectronics and industry applicationCLUSTER-IV Optoelectronics and photonic devicesCLUSTER-V Analog circuit design and its application

These papers represent the most recent research on the respective subject areas.The editors would like to thank all the authors, reviewers, panelists, local orga-nizers, and the session chairs for paying attention to the quality of the publications.Partial financial support for publishing the conference proceedings is received fromDRDO.

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The contents of this proceedings reveal the breadth of current activities in dif-ferent themes related to wireless communications and image processing. We hopethese will form a useful starting point for beginners as well as practitioners in thisdiscipline.

Nitin AfzalpulkarVishnu SrivastavaGhanshyam SinghDeepak Bhatnagar

vi Preface

About the Conference

The International Conference on Recent Cognizance in Wireless Communication &Image Processing-ICRCWIP-2015 was organized by the Department of Electronics& Communication and Department of Electrical Engineering, Poornima Institute ofEngineering and Technology, Jaipur, India. The conference was held during Jan16–17, 2015 in Jaipur, India. ICRCWIP-2015 aims at bringing together researchers,engineers, and students to review the latest development in the area of wirelesscommunication and image processing. The conference comprised of technicalsessions and plenary lectures by invited experts. The core vision of ICRCWIP is todisseminate new knowledge about technology for the benefit of everyone in thecommunity ranging from the academic and professional research communities toindustry practitioners. The conference covers a range of topics in electronics andcommunication engineering, including electrical and communication security,mobile and wireless networking, and wireless communication systems. It alsoprovided a venue for high-caliber researchers, Ph.D. students, and professionals tosubmit ongoing research and developments in these areas. Another goal of theconference was to promote exchange of scientific information between researchers,developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working across the globe. Theconference was intended to be an annual event to provide a distinct platform forpeople to share views and experiences in the areas of information, telecommuni-cation, computing, mobile techniques, and related areas.

vii

Committee

Steering Committee

Chief PatronDr. S.M. Seth, Chairman, Poornima Foundation, Chairperson, Poornima University,Jaipur, Former Director, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India

PatronShri Shashikant Singhi, Director General, Poornima Foundation, Jaipur, India

General ChairDr. Ghanshyam Singh, Associate Professor, MNIT, Jaipur, India

Conference ChairDr. Ajay Kumar Bansal, Director, Poornima Institute of Engineering andTechnology, Jaipur, India

ConvenerMr. Sachin Chauhan, Head of Department, Department of ECE, Poornima Instituteof Engineering and Technology, Jaipur, IndiaMr. Anil Boyal, Head of Department, Department of EE, Poornima Institute ofEngineering and Technology, Jaipur, India

Co-convenerMr. Ankur Saharia, Associate Professor, Department of ECE, Poornima Institute ofEngineering and Technology, Jaipur, India

Section Oversight Committee

Dr. Naomi Chavez, Senior Director, Optical Society, Washington, DC, USADr. Michael Anthony Elliott, Division Assistant, Optical Society, Washington, DC,USA

ix

Technical Program Committee

ChairsTrack-1: (CS/IT) Dr. Lalit Kr. Awasthi, Dean, Himachal Pradesh TechnicalUniversity, Hamirpur, IndiaTrack-2: (ECE) Dr. R.P. Yadav, MNIT, Jaipur, IndiaTrack-3: (EE) Dr. Rajesh Kumar, MNIT, Jaipur, India

MembersDr. Ajeet Kumar, Delhi Technical UniversityDr. Annelise E. Barron, University of Texas, USADr. Annie Vilcot, Institute of Technology, FranceDr. Anshuman Kalla, JNU, JaipurDr. Balaji S. Prabhakar, Stanford University, USADr. Bernd Girod, Professsor, University of TexasDr. Blandin Jean, Grenoble Institute of Technology, FranceDr. D. Bhatnagar, University of Rajasthan, JaipurDr. D.K. Raghuwanshi, NIT, BhopalDr. Dheerendra Mathur, GEC, AjmerDr. Dheerendra Singh, BITS, PilaniDr. Fox, California Technical University, USADr. Ghanshyam Singh, Jaypee University of Information Technology, SolanDr. Ghanshyam Singh, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. H.D. Mathur, BITS, PilaniDr. Jitender Kumar Chhabra, National Institute of Technology, KurukshetraDr. Jitendra Kumar Deegwal, CEG, Government of IndiaDr. K.K. Sharma, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Lokesh Tharani, RTU, KotaDr. M.C. Govil, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. M.M. Sharma, Principal, GEC, AjmerDr. Mantosh Biswas, National Institute of Technology, KurukshetraDr. Michael Anthony Elliott, Optical Society, Washington, DC, USADr. Mithlesh Kumar, RTU, KotaDr. Mohammad Salim, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Naomi Chavez, Optical Society, Washington, DC, USADr. Nick W McKeown, Stanford University, USADr. Nitin Afzalpulkar, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, ThailandDr. O.P. Vyas, JIET, JodhpurDr. O.P. Meena, NIT, BhopalDr. P.K. Singhal, MITS, GwaliorDr. R.L. Yadav, Galgotia University, NoidaDr. R. Nath, Department of Physics, IIT, RoorkeeDr. R.K. Sarin, NIT, JalandharDr. R.P. Yadav, Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur

x Committee

Dr. R.P. Tiwari, ISTE, JaipurDr. Rajeev Gupta, RTU, KotaDr. Rajesh Kumar, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Ritu Sharma, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. R.S. Saxena, PWD, JaipurDr. Samar Ansari, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Sandeep Sancheti, Manipal University, JaipurDr. Sanjay Kumar, IETE, JaipurSh. Sanjeev Agarwal, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Sarabjeet Singh, NIT, JalandharDr. Shashi B. Rana, Guru Nanak Dev University, GurdaspurDr. Sheila K. Shull, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California TechnicalUniversity, USADr. Sumit Srivastava, Manipal UniversitySh. Tarun Verma, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Trilok Mathur, BITS, PilaniDr. U.S. Modani, Government College, AjmerDr. Veron Muriel, Grenoble Institute of Technology, FranceDr. Vijay Janyani, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Vineet Sahula, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Vipul Rastogi, Associate Professor, Department of Physics, IIT, RoorkeeDr. Virender Ranga, National Institute of Technology, KurukshetraDr. Seema Verma, Banasthali University, Jaipur, IndiaDr. Buta Singh, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityDr. Harjit Pal Singh, CT Institute of Engineering, Management and TechnologyDr. Suyeb Ahmed Khan, Shiv Shankar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyDr. Subir Sarkar, University of KolkataDr. Preetam Kumar, IIT, PatnaDr. Kalpana Dhaka, IIT, GawhatiDr. Seema Verma, Banasthali University, JaipurDr. Manish Tiwari, REC, Jaipur

Review Panel

MembersDr. Ajay Kr. Bansal, Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, JaipurDr. Ajeet Kumar, Delhi Technical UniversityDr. Archana Agrawal, Institute of Technology and Management, BhilwaraDr. Avinash Sharma, Advait Vedanta Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. C. Periasamy, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. C.K. Babulal, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, MaduraiDr. Deepak Bhatnagar, University of Rajasthan, JaipurDr. Deepak Jhanwar, Government Engineering College, Ajmer

Committee xi

Dr. Devesh Kumar, Manipal University, JaipurDr. Dheeraj Palwelia, Rajasthan Technical University, KotaDr. Dhirendra Mathur, Government Engineering College, AjmerDr. E.S. Pilli, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Ghanshyam Singh, JUIT, SolanDr. H.S. Parihar, Central University, KishangarhDr. Harjeet Singh, NIT, JalandharDr. Jayashri Vajpai, MBM, JodhpurDr. Jitendra Chhabra, NIT, KurukshetraDr. Jitendra Kr. Tripathi, Rajarshi Rananjay Sinh Institute of Management andTechnology, Amethi (UP)Dr. Kumud Ranjan Jha, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, KatraDr. Lokesh Tharani, Rajasthan Technical University, KotaDr. Mahesh Bundele, Poornima University, JaipurDr. Manoj Gupta, Poornima University, JaipurDr. Manoj Kuri, Engineering College, BikanerDr. Mantosh Bishwas, NIT, KurukshetraDr. Mushtaq Ahmed, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Narendra Singh Yadav, Balaji CollegeDr. Neeta Nain, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. O.P. Sharma, Poornima College of Engineering, JaipurDr. O.P. Vyas, JIET, JodhpurDr. Om Prakash Rishi, Central University, KishangarhDr. P.K.Singhal, MITS, GwaliorDr. Poonam Saini, PEC University of Technology, ChandigarhDr. R.C. Poonia, Amity, NoidaDr. R.P. Yadav, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Ravi Kr. Madilla, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Renu Kumawat, Manipal University, JaipurDr. Ritu Sharma, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. S.K. Bishnoi, Engineering College, BikanerDr. Sajaivir Singh, Jaypee, NoidaDr. Samar Ansari, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Sandeep JoshiDr. Sanjeev Methya, Rajasthan College of Engineering for Women, JaipurDr. Satyasai J. Nanda, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurDr. Seema Verma, Banasthali VidyapithDr. Shashi B. Rana, Guru Nanak Dev University, GurdaspurDr. Shruti Jain, JUIT, SolanDr. Sujata Pandey, Amity, NoidaDr. Sumit Srivastava, Manipal University, JaipurDr. Suyeb Ahmed Khan, NIT, JalandharDr. Uma Shankar Modani, Government Engineering College, AjmerDr. Umesh Kr. Dwivedi, Amity University, JaipurDr. Vineet Khanna, Rajasthan College of Engineering for Women, Jaipur

xii Committee

Dr. Vinod Yadav, Maharana Pratap University, UdaipurDr. Viranjay Srivastava, South AfricaDr. Virendra Sangtani, Anand International College of Engineering, JaipurDr. Vivekanand Tiwari, Manipal University, JaipurMr. Aditya, Jaipur National University, JaipurMr. Ajay Khunteta, Poornima College of Engineering, JaipurMr. Alok Jhaldiyal, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, ISRO, DehradunMr. Anshuman Kalla, Jaipur National University, JaipurMr. Arvind Kr. Upadhyay, Jaipur National University, JaipurMr. Devendra Soni, Arya Institute of Engineering and Technology, JaipurMr. Kalyan Acharjya, Jaipur National University, JaipurMr. Manish Singhal, Poornima College of Engineering, JaipurMr. Manish Tiwari, Rajdhani Engineering College, JaipurMr. Navneet Kumar Verma, Jaipur National University, JaipurMr. Rahul Mishra, Galgotia College of Engineering and Technology, Greater NoidaMr. Rahul Srivastava, Arya Institute of Engineering and Technology, JaipurMr. Rajesh Sangla, NIT, JalandharMr. Ritu Raj, Government Engineering College, BikanerMr. Santosh Kumar Vipparthi, Malviya National Institute of Technology, JaipurMr. Tanuj Chauhan, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, NoidaMs. Jasmin Saini, Jaypee, NoidaMs. Rekha Mehra, Government Engineering College, AjmerProf. Dr. Mithilesh Kumar, Rajasthan Technical University, KotaProf. Dr. R.L. Yadava, Galgotia College of Engineering and Technology, GreaterNoida

Committee xiii

Acknowledgments

The editors wish to extend their heartfelt acknowledgment to the authors,peer-reviewers, committee members, and production staff whose diligent work putshape to the ICRCWIP-2014 proceedings. We especially thank our dedicated teamof peer-reviewers who volunteered for the arduous and tedious step of qualitychecking and critiquing on submitted manuscripts. We congratulate campusDirector Dr. Ajay Kumar Bansal and the faculty team at the Department of EC &Electrical Engineering, PIET, Jaipur especially to Mr. Sachin Chauhan, Mr. AnilBoyal, and Mr. Ankur Saharia for extending their enormous assistance during thereviewing and editing process of the conference documentation. The time spent byall of them and midnight oil burnt is greatly appreciated. Lastly, we would like tothank Springer for publishing the ICRCWIP-2014 conference proceedings.Especially the efforts of Swati Meherishi, Senior Editor, Applied Sciences andEngineering and Aparajita Singh, Editorial Assistant, for their help in the pub-lishing process are worth mentioning.

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Contents

A Novel Image Zooming Technique Using Wavelet Coefficients . . . . . . . 1Himanshu Jindal, Singara Singh Kasana and Sharad Saxena

Analysis of Operational Transformation Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Santosh Kumawat and Ajay Khunteta

A Digital Image Watermarking Technique Using Cascadingof DCT and Biorthogonal Wavelet Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Arvind Kumar, Pragya Agarwal and Ankur Choudhary

Multi-domain Image Enhancement of Foggy Images Using ContrastLimited Adaptive Histogram Equalization Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Garima Yadav, Saurabh Maheshwari and Anjali Agarwal

Comparison of Various Reliability Measures of a ComputerSystem with the Provision of Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Ashish Kumar and Monika Saini

Dual-Band Filter Using DGS for X-Band Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Suman Kumari, Amit Singh Bhadouria and Mithilesh Kumar

A Review on Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocolsin MANET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Shruti Thapar and Anshuman Kalla

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Analysis in Digital Fundus Images:Application to Early Glaucoma Diagnosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Dharmanna Lamani, T.C. Manjunath, M. Mahesh and Y.S. Nijagunarya

Design, Development of MC-CDMA, and Reduction of ISIfor Different Modulation Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Arun Kumar and Manisha Gupta

xvii

A Compact Dual Wide Band Patch Antenna with ModifiedGround Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Priyanka Jain, Shagun Maheshwari and Archana Agarwal

Contention Sensitive Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. . . . . . . . . . 99Richa Sharma, Neha Janu and Chhagan Doot

An Analytical Approach for Accurate Design of MSPAUsing Dielectric Constant Engineering (DCE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Monika Mathur, Ghanshyam Singh and S.K. Bhatnagar

Design of CAN-Based Enhanced Event Data Recorderand Evidence Collecting System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Pankaj H. Chandankhede and M.M. Khanapurkar

Detection of Brain Tumor in MRI Images, Using Fuzzy C-MeansSegmented Images and Artificial Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Parveen and Amritpal Singh

Multiple Inputs Combinational Logic Minimizationby Minterms Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Sahadev Roy, Rajesh Saha and Chandan Tilak Bhunia

Design and Simulation of 16 × 8 Synchronous SRAMin 90 nm CMOS Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Vipul Bhatnagar, Pradeep Kumar and Sujata Pandey

A Voltage-Mode Nonlinear-Synapse Neural Circuitfor Bi-partitioning of Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Mohd Samar Ansari

CNFET-Based Resistive Sensor Interfacewith Voltage/Current-Mode Readouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Mohd Samar Ansari and S.K. Tripathi

Design of CMOS Ring Oscillators with Low Phase Noiseand Power Dissipation for Data Transmission in RF Range . . . . . . . . . 167Dhruba Ghosh, Malay Ranjan Tripathy and Sujata Pandey

A Novel Hybrid Method for Segmentation of Ultrasound Images . . . . . 175Yogendra Singh Poonia, Ramesh Kumar Sunkaria, Deepti Mittaland Dipesh Kumar Patidar

Temperature Sensor Using a SMF-PCF-SMF Heterostructure. . . . . . . . 187Rekha Mehra and Heena Shahani

Investigation of Channel Drop Filter Based on Two DimensionalPhotonic Crystal Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Ritu Sharma, Mayur Kumar Chhipa and Lalit Kumar Dusad

xviii Contents

Design and Analysis of a Nano-Fiber with All-Normal and FlatDispersion for Supercontinuum Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201Than Singh Saini, Ajeet Kumar and Ravindra Kumar Sinha

Investigation of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier for DWDMSystem with 50 GHz Channel Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Aruna Rani and Sanjeev Dewra

Automatic License Plate Recognition System Using Raspberry Pi . . . . . 217Vijayaraghavan Sundararaman, T.G. Vijayalakshmi, G.V. Swathiand Sambit Mohapatra

Multiple Sink Data Aggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Krishna Joshi, T.P. Sharma, Shadab Siddiqui and Shahin Fatima

Handwritten Devnagari Script Database Developmentfor Off-Line Hindi Character with Matra (Modifiers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233Maninder Singh Nehra, Neeta Nain and Mushtaq Ahmed

Part-of-Speech Tagging of Hindi Corpus Using Rule-Based Method . . . 241Deepa Modi and Neeta Nain

A Survey on Security Analysis in Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Suryambika, Abhishek Bajpai and Shruti Singh

Copper Nanofilm Antenna Design and Development:For X-Band Wireless Sensor Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263Rajendra R. Patil, R.M. Vani and P.V. Hunagund

Vein Biometric Template Security Using Overlapped SharesAccounting for Minimum Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271Ruchika Solanki, Saurabh Maheshwari, Vineet Khannaand Kalpana Sharma

Miniaturization of MEMs-Based Smart Patch Antennasfor Biomedical Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279Shankar Bhattacharjee and Santanu Maity

Authentication of Primary User at Physical LayerThrough Approximation in Cognitive Radio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Muzzammil Hussain and Suditi Choudhary

Data-Based Correlation Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297Krishna Joshi, Shadab Siddiqui and Shahin Fatima

A Comparative Analysis of Different LFSR-Based Ciphersand Parallel Computing Platforms for Development of GenericCipher Compatible on both Hardware and Software Platforms . . . . . . . 305Trishla Shah, Darshana Upadhyay and Priyanka Sharma

Contents xix

Generation of Automatic Variable Key to Make SecureCommunication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317Bishal Kumar Singh, Subhasish Banerjee, Manash P. Duttaand C.T. Bhunia

Vector Evaluated Genetic Algorithm-Based DistributedQuery Plan Generation in Distributed Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325Vikash Mishra and Vikram Singh

A Novel MEMS-Based Frequency Tunable RectangularPatch Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Rajesh Saha, Santanu Maity and Lipi Sarkar

Design and Optimization of Band-Stop Filter Using MetamaterialStructures for K-Band Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347Ngasepam Monica Devi and Santanu Maity

Low-Cost Crash Protection System for Heavy Motor Vehicles. . . . . . . . 353Vishwajit Nandi, Rijita Poddar, Rajesh Saha and Sahadev Roy

Effect of Parasitic Elements on Non-inverting Buck-BoostConverter Used in PV System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Subramanya Bhat and H.N. Nagaraja

Effective Medium Approximation for Defining the UnavoidableResistance of Solar Cell Front Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367S. Maity, P. Chakraborty, R. Raushan, C.T. Bhunia and P.P. Sahu

A Novel Low-Power Design Approach to Exploit the PowerUsage of AMBA APB Bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Kiran Rawat, Kanika Sahni, Sujata Pandey and Ziauddin Ahmad

Solar Wind and Diesel Hybrid Energy System: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . 381R.A. Gupta, Bhim Singh and Bharat Bhushan Jain

Analysis and Optimization of Stability for 6T SRAM CellUsing 180 nm Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Nidhi Tiwari, Srishti Gusain, Surabhi Chakravorty, Ankita Nirankariand Apoorva Khandelwal

Harvesting Electric Field Energy for Powering WirelessSensors of Smart Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399Anil Boyal, Akanksha Deo, Amit Kr. Pandey and Amit Limba

Chalcogenide (LiGaSe2, LiGISe, LiGaS2): A Perfect Materialto Design Highly Nonlinear PCFs for Supercontinuum Generation . . . . 409Sandeep Vyas, Manish Tiwari, Takasumi Tanabe and Ghanshyam Singh

xx Contents

Mach–Zehnder Interferometer: A Review of a Perfect All-OpticalSwitching Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415A.I. Stanley, Ghanshyam Singh, James Eke and Hiroyuki Tsuda

Design and Analysis of Different Decoders for SAC-OCDMASystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427Soma Kumawat and M. Ravi Kumar

An Efficient Trust-Based Routing Scheme by Max-MinComposition of Fuzzy Logic for MANET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435Joydeep Kundu, Koushik Majumder and Debashis De

Modified D-Latch Enabled BEC1 Carry-Select Adderwith Low Power-Delay Product and Area Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441Sakshi Bhatnagar, Harsh Gupta and Swapnil Jain

Identification of Devanagari Script from Bilingual PrintedText Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451Ranjana S. Zinjore and R.J. Ramteke

Ultra-Wideband Equal Power Divider Using Stepped-ImpedanceTechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463Atul Kumar Agrawal and Deepak Bhatia

Implementation and Performance Analysis of Enhanced SHA-192. . . . . 471Harshita and Sarvesh Tanwar

Human Object Detection in Images Using Shift-InvariantStationary Wavelet Transform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481Om Prakash, Manish Khare, Nguyen Thanh Binh and Ashish Khare

A Novel Framework for Extracting GeoSpatial InformationUsing SPARQL Query and Multiple Header Extraction Sources . . . . . . 489Poonam Malpani, Paras Bassi, Mehul Mahrishi and Vipin Jain

Secure Data Sharing with Data Integrity in Public CloudsUsing Mediated Certificate-Less Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501Atesh Kumar, Saurabh Mishra, Priyank Dubey and Niraj Kumar

K-N Secrete Sharing Scheme of Visual Cryptographyfor Hiding Image Using 2 × 2 Blocks Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511Ashish Sharma and Devesh Kumar Srivastava

Stepping Stone Detection Techniques: Classificationand State-of-the-Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523Rahul Kumar and B.B. Gupta

CBIR Feature Extraction Using Neuro-Fuzzy Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . 535Ajay Kumar Bansal and Swati Mathur

Contents xxi

Multiband and Wideband Antenna for Wi-Fi, WLAN,X-Band and Space Research Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543Goswami Siddhant Arun, Deepak C. Karia and Bhushan Dhengale

Triple Band Slotted Antenna for Wireless Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . 559Ankur Dalmiya and Om Prakash Sharma

A Compact Design of Modified E-shaped Ground PlanePatch Antenna for Broadband Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567Sanjay Sharma and Sanyog Rawat

Frequency Switching in Coupled Microstrip Line Loadedwith Split-Ring Resonator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573Gurwinder Singh, Rajni and Anupma Marwaha

A New Compact Dual Band Microstrip BPF for GSM (1.8GHz)and WiMAX Using Asymmetric Stepped Impedance Resonators . . . . . . 581Tasher Ali Sheikh, Janmoni Borah, Sahadev Royand Abhishek Kumar Pandey

Performance Analysis of ZigBee Mesh Networks UnderNodes Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589Jashan Preet Kaur, Rajdeep Kaur and Gurpreet Singh Mann

Probabilistic-Based Energy Efficient Dynamic Route Discoveryin MANET’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599Madan Mohan Agarwal, M.C. Govil and Anuj Kumar Jhankal

A Survey Paper on Computational Intelligence Approaches . . . . . . . . . 609S. Taruna and Nidhi Bhartiya

Simulation of p-GaN/i-InαGa(1-α)N/n-GaN Solar Cellfor Maximum Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619Manoj Thosar, R.K. Khanna and Ashwini Joshi Thosar

Assessing the Severity of Attacks in Wireless Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . 627Jeril Kuriakose, V. Amruth, R. Jaya Krishna and Devesh Kumar Srivastava

SD and TCH Blocking KPI Improvement Without AddingTRX Unit in BTS in GSM Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635Jitendra Vaswani and Gaurav Sharma

Design and Analysis of Right-Angled EBG Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645Ajay Yadav, Dinesh Sethi, Priyanka Rahi and R.K. Khanna

High-Speed Packet Encoded Error Correction Techniquefor Wireless HD Video Streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657C.P. Latha, M.B. Manjunatha and A. Mohsin Khan

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Review of Circular Polarization Techniques for Designof Microstrip Patch Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663Madhuri Sahal and V.N. Tiwari

A Proposed Modification Over Learning Vector Quantizationand K-Means Algorithms for Performance Enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . 671Shirish Nagar and Ajay Khunteta

Taxonomy of Recent DDoS Attack Prevention, Detection, andResponse Schemes in Cloud Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683Omkar P. Badve and B.B. Gupta

Design of Compact Concentric Circular Ring Patch Antennawith Defected Ground Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695Neelam Choudhary, Ajay Tiwari, Brajraj Sharma, J.S. Sainiand D. Bhatnagar

On the Bandwidth Enhancement of Modified Star-TriangularFractal Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703Simarpreet Kaur, Rajni and Gurwinder Singh

A Simple Miniaturized Dual Band Antenna for WiMAX/WLANApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711Nirma Kumawat and Krishna Rathore

Fault Detection for the Cluster-Based System in WirelessSensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719Rimpi Goyal and Sukhwinder Singh Sran

Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of Single-Layered SlottedTriangular-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna with Stubfor WLAN Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729Dheeraj Bhardwaj, Gitansh Gulati, Lakshit Bhardwaj and Komal Sharma

Design of Dual Resonator Broadband Multilayer ElectromagneticallyCoupled Microstrip Antenna for X-Band Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741Dheeraj Bhardwaj, Aayush Dwivedi, Nidhi Jain and Komal Sharma

An Environment Aware Frequency Selective Headset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751Sambit Mohapatra, G.V. Swathi and Vijayaraghavan Sundararaman

Performance Analysis and Optimization of 40 Gbps TransmissionSystem over 4000 km with FBG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759Mukesh Kumar Gupta, Jyoti Agarwal, Anila Dhingraand Ghanshyam Singh

Broadband Modified U-Shaped Patch Antenna for WirelessCommunication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767Devendra Mehra and Sanyog Rawat

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Performance Improvement of Epidemic Routing Protocol of DelayTolerant Networks Using Improved Buffer Management. . . . . . . . . . . . 773Harminder Singh Bindra

Elliptically Slotted Self-affine 8-Shaped Fractal Multiband Antenna. . . . 783Rohit Gurjar, Ravi Singh and Saurabh Kumar

Design of Compact Triangular Patch Antenna for WiMaxApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791Manisha Gupta and Vinita Mathur

Post-accident Assistance Using On-Board Diagnosticsand Smartphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797Arghya Biswas and Abhishek Pal

Digital Image Forensics and Counter Anti-forensics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805Neha Singh and Sandeep Joshi

Can We Use Mass-Based Similarity Measure in Classification? . . . . . . . 813Ashish Kumar, Roheet Bhatnagar and Sumit Srivastava

CNT-Based Biomedical Sensor for Cancer Detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821Argha Sarkar, B. Madhuri, Shivam Kumar and Santanu Maity

Effective Role of Thrashing in Load Balancing DuringVM Live Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829Pradeep Kumar Tiwari and Sandeep Joshi

Real-Time Abandoned Object Detection Using Video Surveillance . . . . . 837Aditya Gupta, V.R. Stapute, K.D. Kulat and Neeraj Bokde

Request Allocation and Resource Management Techniquesin Cloud Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845Swati Khemka and Mehul Mahrishi

Blind Image Watermarking of Variable Block Sizefor Copyright Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853Amit M. Joshi, Monica Bapna and Manisha Meena

Compact Goblet-Shaped Single Band-Notched UWB Antenna . . . . . . . . 861Rajesh Kumar Raj, Krishna Rathore, Bhavana Peswani,Roopkishor Sharma and H.R. Chaudhary

An Application of Firefly Algorithm for Clusteringin Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869Arshad Nadeem, T. Shankar, Rakesh Kumar Sharmaand Sourabh K. Roy

Microstrip Antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS)for Multiband Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879Vinay Sharma and Rajesh Kumar Vishwakarma

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Design of a Compact Novel Planar Dual Band-NotchedUWB Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889Sanjiv Tomar and Ajay Kumar

X-Band and Ku-Band Patch Antenna for RadioLocation Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897Amit Singh Bhadouria, Suman Kumari and Mithilesh Kumar

Procuring Wireless Sensor Actuator Network Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905Jasminder Kaur Sandhu and Sharad Saxena

Performance Analysis of VoIP over WiMAX NetworksUnder Nodes Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917Jinia and Jarnail Singh

Design of Reduced Order Controller for Mechanical System . . . . . . . . . 925Jyoti Kataria, Manish Kumar Madhav and Sunny Kumar Verma

A Survey on Black Hole Attack in MANET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933Shruti Singh, Abhishek Bajpai and Suryambika

Area-Efficient FPGA Model of LMS Filtering Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . 943Devendra Goyal and Manish Singhal

An Efficient Hybrid-Cascaded Framework for Emission ComputedTomography Using OSEM Image Reconstruction Algorithm. . . . . . . . . 953Shailendra Tiwari and Rajeev Srivastava

A Review of Energy-Efficient Routing Protocolsin Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963Simerjeet Kaur, Rajni and Barinder Paul Singh

A Study of Phase Shifting Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973Neha Singh and Kamal Kishor Choure

Review on Student Attendance Maintenance System:A Discontentment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987Anshuman Kalla and Dileep Kumar Tiwari

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999

Contents xxv

About the Editors

Dr. Nitin Afzalpulkar started his research in the late80s focusing on robotics, especially parallel roboticarchitectures and their implementations on transputernetworks. He published several journal papers in thisarea and received a best conference paper award in1989 in New Zealand. In the mid-90s his researchinterests turned to computer vision and its applicationfor robotics. Here his initial work was on stereo visionalgorithms and its implementation on robotic plat-forms. Currently, one main area of his research is stillcomputer vision with focus on tracking and identifi-cation of human, emotion and gesture recognition,

application of machine vision for electronics industry. He has published extensivelyin international journals and conferences with two international best paper awards(Germany and Croatia) and has received three US patents in this area. In early 2000,he started research on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) which forms amajor area of his current research. He has published several papers in top journals inMEMS area and his book titled “Microfluidics and BioMEMS: Design, Fabricationand Applications” was published in 2009.

Dr. Vishnu Srivastava is presently working as ChiefScientist and Head of the Microwave Tubes Division,CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering ResearchInstitute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani (Rajasthan), India, andas Professor of Ac-SIR (Academy for Scientific andInnovative Research, New Delhi). He received theM.Sc. degree in Physics from Rajasthan University,Jaipur, in 1975, and the Ph.D. degree in Engineeringfrom Lancaster University, UK in 1987. He was acommonwealth scholar from 1984 to 1987 in the UK,and was Junior Research Fellow at Rajasthan

xxvii

University during 1975. He joined CSIR-CEERI, Pilani, in January 1976.At CEERI, he was involved with the design and development of various types ofhigh power vacuum microwave devices for communication and radars. He devel-oped X-band 200 kW tunable coaxial magnetron for ECCM radars. He developedspace-qualified C-band 60 W TWT and Ku-band 140 W TWT for satellite com-munication. He developed SUNRAY-codes for small-signal and large signalanalysis of beam–wave interaction in TWTs. His successfully developedSUNRAY-1D software code for multi-signal analysis of beam–wave interaction inTWTs, was exported to UK., and was also purchased by MTRDC (DRDO),Bangalore. He developed technologies for the successful development of highefficiency vacuum microwave amplifiers (Space TWTs) for satellite communica-tion. Presently, he is associated with the design and development of vacuummicroelectronic devices for THz communication—requiring innovations in MEMStechnologies (UV LIGA processes) for such devices. He has more than 120research publications in different national and international journals, and hasalready guided 8 Ph.D. students and more than 60 ME/MTech students. Hereceived IETE—JC Bose memorial awards for best engineering paper and bestproject team . He is a fellow of IETE and VEDA Society, and senior member ofIEEE, CSI, IPA, IVS, PSI, and IFTA. Recently, he was awarded HonoraryFellowship of Society for Education & Research Development (SERD), New Delhi.His present interests are in the design and development of high efficiency, highpower vacuum microelectronic devices for mm- and sub-mm-wave frequencies.

Dr. Ghanshyam Singh has more than 15 years ofteaching and research experience and is currentlyAssociate Professor in the Department of Electronics& Communication Engineering at Malaviya NationalInstitute of Technology, Jaipur, India. He obtained hisBachelor’s degree in Electronics & CommunicationEngineering from National Institute of Technology,Silchar, Assam, India and his Master’s and Ph.D.degrees in Electronics & Communication Engineeringfrom Malaviya National Institute of Technology,Jaipur, India. He has guided more than 20 master’stheses and is presently guiding 6 Ph.D. research

scholars. His areas of research interest include optical communication engineering,optical switches, optical logic gates & circuits, photonic crystal fibers,nano-photonics, nano-optical structures, RF & microwave devices, microstrip andsmart antennas. He has worked with the Optics group at the Department of Physics,Herriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK, under the research grant from TEQIP,Government of India. He had also been a recipient of CIMO fellowship fromGovernment of Finland to work with photonics groups at NanofabricationLaboratory, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of EasternFinland, Joensuu, Finland. He has been a Visiting Professor at Tsuda Labs,

xxviii About the Editors

Department of EEE, KEIO University, Hiyoshi Campus, Japan and participated inIKSS, Krutyn Poland. He is presently engaged in a DST-JSPS sponsored researchproject with Prof. Hiroyuki Tsuda & Group, KEIO University, Japan (Period:2014–2016). He is presently a member of IEEE Photonic Society, SPIE, OpticalSociety of America (OSA), Optical Society of India (OSI), Indian Laser Society(ILA), Broadcast Engineering Society of India (BESI), IETE India, Institute ofEngineers India, and Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE).

Dr. Deepak Bhatnagar He obtained his Master’sand Ph.D. degrees from university of Rajasthan Jaipurin 1981 and 1986 respectively. Presently he isworking as Professor in Department of Physics,University of Rajasthan and Director, Center forConverging Technologies. He is heading Microwaveand Communication Group in Department of Physics,University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. His main area ofresearch interest is design of antennas for mobile,wireless and satellite communication systems. Tilldate 20 students have obtained their Ph.D. degreeunder his supervision. He has produced nearly 200

research papers in international and national journals and proceedings of variousinternational and national conferences. He is author of six books for under graduatestudents of Rajasthan state. He has successfully completed five major researchprojects sanctioned by ISRO, Bangalore, UGC, New Delhi, DST, New Delhi andDIT, New Delhi. He is senior member of IEEE, USA and Fellow of IETE (India).

About the Editors xxix