ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR

ASIA AND THE FAR EAST

Bangkok, Thailand

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH SYMPOSIUM ON THE

DEVELOPMENT OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES

OF ASIA AND THE FAR EAST

Report of the Symposium; documents on review of progress in the

petroleum industry, and petroleum geology

MINERAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT SERIES

No. 41 (Volume I)

smfoi^wj ;:_;.-..: ..;.iO!.:" k

UB/TIB Hannover 89

122 570 081

UNITED NATIONS

New York, 1972

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume I

Part 1: REPORT OF THE FOURTH SYMPOSIUM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OFPETROLEUM RESOURCES OF ASIA AND THE FAR EAST

PageI. Introduction 1

II. Review of the implementation of the recommendations of the Third Symposium on the

Development of Petroleum Resources of Asia and the Far East 4

III. Assistance by United Nations and ECAFE to member countries of the region in the field of

petroleum and natural gas development 4

IV. Review of the progress made in development of petroleum resources since the third symposium 5

V. Petroleum energy sources in relation to over-all energy and fuel policy, with special reference

countries of the ECAFE region 9

VI. Economics of petroleum exploration, production and distribution 10

VII. Petroleum legislation, with special reference to offshore areas 13

VIII. Pollution of the environment by petroleum raw materials and products 16

IX. Geology of petroleum and natural gas with special reference to the ECAFE region . . . .17

X. Review of modern techniques of exploration for new resources of petroleum 21

XI. Matters relating to offshore prospecting 24

XII. Petroleum production methods and techniques, with special reference to the ECAFE region . . 27

XIII. Utilization of petroleum and natural gas as feedstock for the manufacture of fertilizers, with

special reference to the ECAFE region 29

XIV. Utilization of petroleum and natural gas for the production of single-cell protein for human and

animal consumption 30

XV. Programme of work and priorities in the field of development of petroleum and natural gas

resources 30

XVI. Date and venue of the Fifth Symposium on the Development of Petroleum Resources of Asia

and the Far East 34

Annexes

I. Agenda 35

II. List of documents submitted to the Symposium 36

III. Report of the Working Group on the revision of the ECAFE oil and natural gas map of

Asia and the Far East 49

IV. Report of the Second Special Working Group on Stratigraphic Correlation between the

Sedimentary Basins of the ECAFE region 51

V. Review of progress in the development of petroleum resources since the Third Petroleum

Symposium 53

ix

Part 2: DOCUMENTATION

A. REVIEW OF RECENT PROGRESS IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

a. In countries of the ECAFE region

2 Aa —I

Review of the implementation of recommendations of the Third Symposium

2 Aa —H

Summary of progress made by the Afghan Petroleum Exploration Department since the Third

Symposium

2 Aa—HI

Developments in the Australian petroleum industry since the Third Symposium

Table 1. Expenditure on petroleum exploration, development, and production in Australia

and Papua-New Guinea

Table 2. Production and sales of natural gas from Roma area, Queensland, 1964-1968

Table 3. Status of wells at Barrow Island oilfield as of 30 June 1969

Table 4. Crude oil consumption, production, and imports for Australia, 1964-1975

Table 5. Expenditure on petroleum exploration, development, and production by governmentsand private enterprise in Australia and Papua-New Guinea to end of 1968

Table 6. Analysis of over-all cost per unit of work done for petroleum exploration in Australia

and Papua-New Guinea by private enterprise in 1968

Table 7. Geological and geophysical activity in Australia and Papua-New Guinea by industry,Bureau of Mineral Resources and State Mines Departments, 1959-1968

Table 8. Analysis of petroleum exploration expenditure in Australia and Papua-New Guinea

by private enterprise, 1965-1968

Table 9. Summary of drilling and completions on land in Australia and Papua-New Guinea

to the end of 1968

Table 10. Summary of offshore drilling and completions in Australia and Papua-New Guinea

to the end of 1968

Table 11. Summary of drilling and completions on land and offshore in Australia and

Papua-New Guinea to the end of 1968

Table 12. Location and throughput capacities of refineries in Australia

Table 13. Statistics of refining in Australia, 1965-1968

Table 14. Consumption of petroleum products in Australia, 1965-1968

Table 15. Imports of petroleum into Australia, 1965-1968

Table 16. Cargo exports of petroleum from Australia, 1965-1968

Table 17. Australian petrochemical plants in operation, under construction or planned, 1968

Figure 1. Australia and Papua-New Guinea—sedimentary areas and location of oil and gasfields, significant discoveries and pipelines

Figure 2. Roma area, Queensland — oil and gas fields

Figure 3. Gidgealpa-Moomba-Darlingie area, South Australia — gas gathering and transmission

Figure 4. The offshore Gippsland Basin, Victoria — natural gas and crude oil transmissionand processing layout

Figure 5. Barrow Island oilfield facilities, Western Australia

Figure 6. Australian crude oil consumption, production and import requirements, 1 5

Figure 7. Australia and Papua-New Guinea — private enterprise expenditure and gc it

subsidy, 1962-1968

Pc

x

Page

Figure 8. Australia and Papua-New Guinea— geological and geophysical activity .. .. 90

Figure 9. Australia and Papua-New Guinea— footage of petroleum exploration and develop¬ment drilling 90

Figure 10. Australia and Papua-New Guinea —number and footage of onshore wells drilled

per year, 1961-1968 91

Figure 11. Australia and Papua-New Guinea— number and footage of offshore wells drilled

per year, 1965-1968 92

Figure 12. Australia and Papua-New Guinea — number and footage of wells drilled per year(onshore and offshore combined), 1965-1968 93

Figure 13. Australian consumption of primary fuels.. 94

2 Aa —TV

Progress of the reconnaissance gravity survey of Australia 100

Figure 1. Map showing gravity coverage and station density for mainland Australia.. ..

101

Figure 2. Bouguer anomaly contours for mainland Australia 102

Figure 3. Bouguer anomaly contours for Tasmina 103

Figure 4. Bouguer anomaly contours for the Territory of Papua and New Guinea .. ..

103

Figure 5. Bouguer anomaly features for mainland Australia with province and unit boundaries 104

2 Aa —V

The petroleum industry in Burma, 1965-1969 106

2 Aa —VI

Review of progress in the development of petroleum resources in Taiwan, China since the Third

Symposium 107

2 Aa —VII

Status of oil exploration in the offshore areas adjoining India 112

2 Aa — VHI

Petroleum in Indonesia 114

Table 1. List of foreign oil companies operating in Indonesia as at July 1969 116

Table 2. Petroleum exploration expenditure, 1964-1968 117

Table 3. Petroleum drilling statistics, 1966-1969 117

Table 4. Indonesian oilfields — details of discovery and production 119

Table 5. Statistics of petroleum drilling on land, 1965-1968, including exploration drilling ..120

Table 6. Wells drilled, 1965-1968 121

Table 7. Production on crude oil, 1965-1968 121

Table 8. Oil produced, 1966-1968 121

Table 9. Status of production wells, 1965-1968 122

Table 10. Gravity and sulphur content of crude oils 122

Table 11. Production of crude oil and finished products, 1965-1968 123

Table 12. Refinery intake and output, 1965-1968 124

Table 13. Composition of Indonesian controlled domestic tanker fleet, mid 196f . ..125

Table 14. Oil product sales, 1960-1968 and estimated for 1969 . ..126

Table 15. Natural gas reserves as at January 1969 . •. 126

Table 16. Estimated average usage of natural gas within the petroleum industry, 1965-1968 126

XI

Page

Figure 1. Map showing petroleum exploration activities in Indonesia as at July 1969. . . . 118

Figure 2. Map showing petroleum exploration activities in Indonesia prior to 1966. . . . 118

Figure 3. May showing oilfields, crude oil pipelines, refineries, and ports of export . . . . 123

Figure 4. Map showing distribution routes for finished petroleum products 125

Figure 5. Organizational chart of the Ministry of Mines 129

2 Aa—IX

Progress in the Iranian oil industry, 1964-1968 129

Table 1. Net Iranian crude oil production, 1964-1968 131

Table 2. Internal consumption of petroleum products, 1965-1968 131

Table 3. Gross refinery output and domestic petroleum consumption in Iran, 1964-1968. .

132

Table 4. Iranian natural gas production and consumption, 1964-1968 134

Table 5. Iranian oil exports, 1964-1968 135

Table 6. Destinations of Iranian crude oil and products, 1964-1968 135

Table 7. Iran's oil revenues from the consortium, and their allocation 1954-1968.. .. 136

Table 8. Iran's projected foreign exchange earnings during the fourth development plan,1968-1972 136

Table 9. Percentage share of the major economic sectors in the structure of the grossnational product 137

Table 10. Plan Organization investment under the four development plans 137

Figure 1. Iranian gas trunkline and spur lines 133

2 Aa —X

Recent progress of the petroleum industry in Japan 138

Table 1. Consumption of crude oil in Japan, 1955-1968 138

Table 2. Production of domestic crude oil and natural gas, 1955-1968 138

Table 3. Oil and gas wells drilled, 1965-1968 138

Table 4. Imports of crude oil and petroleum products, 1955-1968 139

Table 5. Geographic source of crude oil imports, 1955-1968 139

Table 6. Average price of imported crude oil, 1965-1968 139

Table 7. Petroleum refining capacity, 1955-1968 139

Table 8. Crude oil production abroad by Japanese interests, 1960-1968 141

Table 9. Overseas activities of petroleum exploration by Japanese interests 141

2 Aa—XI

Petroleum exploration in offshore areas adjoining Japan 142

Table 1. Offshore oil and gas production 142

Table 2. Offshore drilling done by the "Hakuryu" rig 143

Table 3. Offshore geophysical activity 145

Figure 1. Areas of offshore geophysical activity ,..144

2 Aa—XII

Review of development of petroleum resources in Malaysia . . ,146

Table 1. Imports of petroleum and petroleum products into Malaysia, 1965-1968..

..148

xii

2 Aa —XHI PageRecent developments in the petroleum industry of New Zealand 149

Table 1. Wells drilled 1965-1968 inclusive 154

Table 2. Petroleum prospecting licences 154

Table 3. Production and value of petroleum and natural gas, 1964-1968 157

Table 4. Consumption of petroleum products in New Zealand, 1964-1968 160

Table 5. Imports of petroleum products into New Zealand, 1963-1969 161

Table 6. Sources of major petroleum imports, 1969 161

Table 7. Exports of petroleum products from New Zealand, 1963-1969 162

Figure 1. Map of New Zealand showing the seven oil-prospective sedimentary basins. . . .

150

Figure 2. Stratigraphic positions of potential oil formations in New Zealand 151

Figure 3. Petroleum licence areas, North Island 155

Figure 4. Petroleum licence areas, South Island 155

Figure 5. Petroleum licence areas, continental shelf adjoining North Island 156

Figure 6. Petroleum licence areas, continental shelf adjoining South Island 156

2 Aa —XIV

Developments in the petroleum industry in Pakistan — a review of progress since the Third

Symposium c 162

Table 1. Petroleum production in Pakistan since 1947 167

Table 2. Annual production of natural gas in Pakistan since 1955 168

Table 3. Analyses and reserves of natural gas in Pakistan 168

Table 4. Monthly production of oil in Pakistan in 1969 168

Table 5. Monthly production of natural gas in Pakistan in 1969 169

Table 6. Annual consumption of gas from Sui field 169

Table 7. Annual imports and processing of crude oil 169

2 Aa—XV

Developments in the petroleum industry in the Philippines, 1965-1968 171

Table 1. Combined crude oil runs and outputs of the four refineries in the Philippines,1965-1968 173

Table 2. Imports of oil and refined petroleum products into the Philippines, 1965-1968 ..175

Figure 1. Geophysical survey of the Philippines 1965-1968 172

Figure 2. Petroleum concession map of the Philippines, 1969 174

2 Aa—XVI

Progress made in the development of petroleum resources and refining in Thailand 177

2 Aa —XVII

Status of offshore exploration for petroleum in the Gulf of Thailand, with an account of the

methods used and plans for future investigations 178

Figure 1. Map of the Gulf of Thailand showing petroleum concessions 179

b. In countries outside the ECAFE region2 Ab —I

Outline of the progress of exploration for gas in north-western Germany 180

Figure 1. Gas provinces of western Germany — location, production and reserves ....182

Figure 2. Regional-geologic setting of the gasfields of north-western Germany 183

Figure 3. Drilling footage and average depths of gas exploration wells in north-western

Germany 184

xiii

2 Ab — II Page

Oil and natural gas in the Netherlands — a summary 185

Table 1. Holders of prospecting licences in the North Sea 186

2 Ab—IH

Developments in oil and gas production in the USSR, 1965-1968 186

B. PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ECAFE REGION

a. Regional and general2 Ba —I

International geological correlation programme — United Kingdom contribution (title only, issued

elsewhere and at symposium) 191

2 Ba —II

Oil and natural gas prospects of the marine shelves of eastern Asia (title only, publishedelsewhere) 191

2 Ba —III

The origin of oil — recent investigations in the USSR 191

2 Ba—IV

Stress fields as indicated by fracture orientations — potential application to petroleum production 195

Table 1. Correlation of frequency and orientation of micro-defects with point-load-inducedfractures and hydraulically-induced wellbore fractures 199

Figure 1. Mean orientations of surface and subsurface vertical fractures in the Bradford and

Allegany oilfields area of New York and Pennsylvania 196

Figure 2. Composite vertical fracture orientations of the Bradford and Allegany oilfield area

obtained from measurements of aerial photographs, relief maps, and surface surveys 196

Figure 3. Map of eastern Ohio showing joints mapped by Kantrowitz, ver Steeg, Nickelsen

and Hough, and the US Bureau of Mines 197

Figure 4. Rose diagrams comparing surface joint trends with aerial photograph lineaments and

oriented core fractures in Hocking County, Ohio 198

Figure 5. Three types of strain transducers used in overcoring surface outcrops to determine

relative magnitude and orientation of principal horizontal compressive stress .. .. 200

Figure 6. Diagram comparing results of various surface and subsurface orientation studies

conducted in Hocking County, Ohio 201

Figure 7. Map of central and northern Appalachian basin showing inferred orientation of

principal compressive stress and the direction to which induced hydraulic features

should be parallel 202

2 Ba—V

Directional characteristics of reservoir sandstone 203

Figure 1. Test apparatus showing through transmission arrangement of transducers.. ..

205

Figure 2. Pulse display on oscilloscope screen 206

Figure 3. Directional flow cell showing specimen and collection tube arrangement 207

Figure 4. Radiation pattern of ultrasonic pulse at a source diameter-to-wavelength ratio of 2 208

Figure 5. Test results indicating variations in pulse transit time and fluid flow with direction 208

Figure 6. Comparison of directional transit times and directional flow results with oriented

core and borehole fractures 209

Figure 7. Comparison of directional flow results with surface joint measurements and lineamentsfrom aerial photographs 210

Figure 8. Comparison of permeability contours, surface joints, and borehole fractures in the

Bradford oilfield 211

xiv

b. Of countries of the ECAFE region2 Bb — I Page

General geology of Afghanistan 212

2 Bb —II

The sedimentary basins of Australia and the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, and the

stratigraphic occurrence of hydrocarbons 215

Figure 1. Sedimentary basins of Australia and the Territory of Papua and New Guinea.. ..

217

Figure 2. Sedimentary basins and main structural elements of the Territory of Papua and

New Guinea 230

2 Bb —III

A marine geophysical survey of the north-west continental shelf of Australia, 1968 .. ..

234

Figure 1. Traverse locations and two-way seismic reflection times to horizon near base of

the Tertiary .. ..

(

236

Figure 2. Water depth contours, structural unit boundaries and deep water seismic reflection

sections 238

Figure 3. Bouguer anomaly contours and total magnetic intensity contours 240

2 Bb—IV

Recent geophysical results, northern Amadeus Basin, Australia 242

Table 1. Generalized stratigraphic column, northern Amadeus basin 242

Figure 1. Locality map of Amadeus basin 242

Figure 2. Generalized aeromagnetic interpretation 245

Figure 3. Generalized reconnaissance Bouguer anomaly contours 245

Figure 4. Regional seismic depth contours to top of Cambrian, and structures 245

Figure 5. Regional Bouguer anomaly contours, and structures 246

Figure 6. Seismic contours to top of Cambrian, Waterhouse-Orange area 246

Figure 7. North-south seismic section, Waterhouse Anticline 247

Figure 8. North-south seismic section, western nose of Waterhouse Anticline 248

Figure 9. North-south seismic section, Orange Anticline 248

Figure 10. Seismic depth contours to top of Cambrian, Deering Uplift-Tyler area 249

Figure II. Airphoto showing geologic interpretation, Goyder Pass diapir 249

Figure 12. North-south seismic section, Deering Uplift . . . .

250

2 Bb —V

Depositional history and tectonics of South Australian sedimentary basins 251

Figure 1. Map of South Australia showing sedimentary basins and infra-basins and majorcratonic features 253

Figure 2. Lithofacies map of Lower Cambrian sediments of the Arrowie basin 256

Figure 3. Geologic cross-section from the Boorthanna trough (eastern Arckaringa basin) to

to the Copper basin 258

Figure 4. Geologic cross-section through the eastern Officer basin 260

Figure 5. Geologic cross-section through the Cooper basin 261

Figure 6. Geologic cross-section of the Gambier embayment (Otway basin) 263

2 Bb —VI

Petroleum prospects of the Gulf St Vincent region, South Australia 267

Tabe 1. Drilling logs of three wells 273

xv

Page

Figure 1. Index and location map 268

Figure 2. Pre-Quaternary geologic map 269

Figure 3. Aeromagnetic contour map 271

Figure 4. Bouguer anomaly contour map 272

2 Bb —VII

Geological framework of the Great Australian Bight 275

Figure 1. Map showing petroleum exploration titles 276

Figure 2. Map showing aeromagnetic basement depths 277

Figure 3. Map of Tertiary subcrop 277

Figure 4. Geologic section of the Duntroon basin 278

Figure 5. Map showing area of Tertiary deposition 280

Figure 6. Seismic reflection time contours to Mesozoic phantom horizons 282

2 Bb —VIII

The ancestral Great Barrier Reef in the Gulf of Papua 283

Figure 1. Location of the Great Barrier Reef and platform reefs of the western Coral Sea 284

Figure 2. Ancestral Great Barrier Reef in the Gulf of Papua 285

Figure 3. Seismic cross-section across Borabi barrier reef 286

Figure 4. Seismic cross-section across Pasca platform reef 287

2 Bb — IX

Recent investigations into the geology of the Southern Highlands, Papua 288

Table I. Stratigraphic table 291

Figure 1. Map showing areas of recent activity 289

Figure 2. Location map, Southern Highlands basin 290

Figure 3. Schematic structural cross-section 293

2 Bb —X

Comparative study of the gas reservoirs in the Chinshui and Tiehchenshan gasfields, Miaoli,

Taiwan, China 295

Table 1. Stratigraphic sequences, thicknesses of formations, and stratigraphic positions of gasand oil zones 296

Table 2. Porosity and permeability of Zone CS-13 and Zone TT-1 299

Table 3. Analyses of reservoir water from Zone CS-13 and Zone TT-1 301

Table 4. Absolute open flow potential of natural gas from each well, and its net pay sand

thickness, in Zone CS-13 and Zone TT-1 303

Table 5. Analysis of reservoir water from Zone CS-14Z of the CS-60 well in the Chinshui

gasfield 304

Table 6. Lithologic character of gas and potential gas zones in the Chuhuangkeng Formation 305

Table 7. Chemical components and physical properties of the natural gas and oil in the

Chuhuangkeng Formation 306

Table 8. Reservoir water analysis of the gas and potential gas zones in the ChuhuangkengFormation 308

Table 9. Reservoir pressure and temperature in the Chuhuangkeng Formation 308

Table 10. Absolute open flow potential of natural gas in each well from Zones CS-15 to

CS-20

Table 11. Lithologic character of gas and potential gas zones in the lower Miocene formations 310

Table 12. Chemical components and physical properties of the natural gas and oil in the

lower Miocene formations 311

Tabic 13. Analyses of reservoir water from Zones TT-5 to TT-10 311

Table 14. Reservoir pressure and temperature in the lower Miocene formations 312

xvi

PageTable 15. Absolute open flow potential of natural gas in each well from the lower Miocene

formations 313

Figure 1. Geologic map of the Chinshui and Tiehchenshan gasfields 295

Figure 2. Sketch showing the stratigraphic sequence and structural relation between the Tieh¬

chenshan and Chinshui gasfields 297

Figure 3. Map showing the subsurface structure of the protoquartzitic sandstone in the Talu

Shale 297

Figure 4. Chart showing porosity-permeability values of Zone CS-13 300

Figure 5. Chart showing porosity-permeability values of Subzone TT-1A 300

Figure 6. Reservoir water properties of Zone CS-13 and Subzone TT-1A 302

Figure 7. Chart showing relation of the pressure and temperature to the depth in the Chinshui

Tiehchenshan gasfields 303

Figure 8. Reservoir water properties of the gas and potential zones in the ChuhuangkengFormation in the Chinshui and Tiehchenshan gasfields 307

Figure 9. Reservoir water properties of the potential zones in the lower Miocene formations

in the Tiehchenshan gasfields 312

2 Bb —XI

Interpretation and seismic co-ordination of the Bouguer gravity anomalies in south-western

Taiwan, China 313

Figure 1. Bouguer gravity anomalies of south-western Taiwan 315

Figure 2. Residual gravity anomalies of south-western Taiwan 317

Figure 3. Seismic structure contour map of the top of Pliocene formations in south-western

Taiwan 319

Figure 4. Gravity profile and seismic section from Hsinying to Tainan anticline in south-western

Taiwan 321

Figure 5. Gravity profile and seismic section across Tainan anticline. .

325

Figure 6. Gravity profile and seismic section across Chungchou, Panpingshan and Pingtunganticlines 329

2 Bb —XII

A stratigraphic and sedimentary analysis of the protoquartzite in the Miocene Talu Shale

in northern Taiwan, China 331

Table 1. Thicknesses of the Talu Shale and of the lenticular protoquartzite with shale (Zone

TT-1) within it in wells and outcrops in northern Taiwan 335

Table 2. Size analysis of the protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in northern Taiwan.. .. 338

Table 3. Effective porosity and carbonate content of the protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in

northern Taiwan 339

Table 4. Mineralogical composition of the protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in northern Taiwan 341

Table 5. Mineralogical composition of the heavy minerals in the protoquartzite of the Talu

Shale in northern Taiwan 343

Table 6. Chemical composition of the protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in northern Taiwan ..345

Figure 1. Map showing the geographic distribution and petroleum possibility of the lenticular

protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in northern Taiwan 332

Figure 2. Isopach map of the Talu Shale and of the lenticular protoquartzite with shale

(Zone TT-1) in northern Taiwan 333

Figure 3. Stratigraphic section in northern Taiwan, based on lithologic and electric logs of

the Talu Shale and of the lenticular protoquartzite (Zone TT-1) 334

Figure 4. Distribution map showing sandstone percentage variation of the lenticular proto¬quartzite with shale (Zone TT-1) in the Talu Shale in northern Taiwan ..

..336

Figure 5. Distribution map showing carbonate content of the protoquartzite in the Talu Shale

in northern Taiwan 340

xvii

PageFigure 6. Size range of detrital particles of protoquartzite in the Talu Shale in northern

Taiwan .342

Figure 7. Diagrammatic east-west section across the Tiehchenshan gasfield, the Chinshui

gasfield, and the Chuhuangkeng oilfield in the Miaoli region, showing the combination

traps of the lenticular protoquartizite in the Talu Shale formed by both stratigraphicand structural causes . . . . 346

2 Bb —XIII

Study of the physical and chemical properties of the natural gas, condensate and crude oil

produced in Taiwan, China 348

Table 1. Geochemical classification of natural gases 349

Table 2. Paragenesis of the main constituents of natural gas 350

Table 3. Analyses of natural gas produced from different geological formations in the Chinshui

gasfield 351

Table 4. Analyses of natural gas produced from different geological formations in the

Tiehchenshan-Tunghsiao gasfield 351

Table 5. Analyses of natural gas produced from different geological formations in the

Chuhuangkeng oilfield 353

Table 6. Analyses of natural gas produced from various geological formations in miscellaneous

districts in northern Taiwan other than Chinshui, Tiehchenshan-Tunghsiao and

Chuhuangkeng gas or oil fields 353

Table 7. Analyses of natural gas produced from various geological formation in southern

Taiwan 357

Table 8. Analyses of liquid petroleum pro.luced from various districts and fields in Taiwan. . 359

Table 9. Detailed analysis of liquid petroleum produced from 13th Zone (Talu Shale) in

Chinshui gasfield 360

Table 10. Detailed analysis of liquid petroleum produced from TT-1 Zone (Talu Shale) in

Tiehchenshan-Tunghsiao gasfield 361

Table 11. Localities and calorific values of gases produced from the geologic formations of

the last three- Miocene sedimentary cycles in northern Taiwan 362

Figure 1. Locations of gas producing districts in Taiwan 349

Figure 2. Natural gas equicaloric map of the Hopai cycle (Shangfuchi-Tungkeng Formation)in northern Taiwan

, 363

Figure 3. Natural gas equicaloric map of the Chuhuankeng cycle (Chuhuangkeng Formation)in northern Taiwan 364

Figure 4. Natural gas equicaloric map of the Mushan cycle (Mushan Formation) in northern

Taiwan 365

2 Bb—XIV

Surface stratigraphy, tectonic setting, and petroleum prospects of the Jaisalmer area, Rajasthan,India 366

Table 1. Subsurface stratigraphy of the Jaisalmer-Mari arch area 369

Figure 1. Tectonic setting of the Jaisalmer area 368

Figure 2. Correlation of wells drilled on the Jaisalmer-Mari arch 370

2 Bb—XV

The tectonic setting and Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleogeography of the western part of the

Indian subscontinent 371

Figure 1. Tectonic setting and Jurassic-Cretaceous paleoshorelines in the western part of the

Indian subcontinent 372

Figure 2. Generalized stratigraphic columns and their correlation, Zindapir-Pugal-Palana . . 373

Figure 3. Generalized stratigraphic columns and their correlation, Sui-Mari-Kharatar-Jaisalmer 374

Figure 4. Generalized stratigraphic columns and their correlation, Quetta-Bugti Hills-Kharatar-

Jaisalmer 375

xviii

Page

Figure 5. Generalized stratigraphic columns and their correlation, Kirthar Range-Kutch-Viramgam-Kalol-Cambay-Anklesvar 376

Figure 6. Tectonic setting and Paleocene-Oligocene paleoshorelines in the western part of the

Indian subcontinent 380

2 Bb —XVI

Poorly explored sedimentary basins of India 381

Figure 1. Map showing poorly explored basins of India 382

2 Bb —XVII

Status of basin studies in India 406

2 Bb —XVIII

Basement configuration in the South Palembang basinal area, Indonesia-—its significance to

depositional conditions and oil trapping 408

2 Bb —XIX

Geology of the Niigata Plain, Honshu, Japan . .

409

Table 1. Neogene stratigraphy of the Niigata Plain 411

Figure 1. Locality and index map ,410

Figure 2. Aeromagnetic contour map 412

Figure 3. Geologic cross-sections 413

Figure 4. Structure contours of the base of the Teradomari Formation 415

2 Bb —XX

Geological, geophysical and drilling surveys for oil and natural gas in Korea 416

Table 1. Stratigraphic table 416

Table 2. Chemical analysis of methane gas seepage in the Pohang area 433

Table 3. Chemical analysis of water content of gas seepage in the Pohang area .. ..433

Figure 1. Geologic map of the Pohang area 417

Figure 2. Location map of geophysical prospecting in the Pohang-Hunghae area, Korea..

421

Figure 3. Summarized results of geophysical exploration in the Pohang area 423

Figure 4. Tertiary correlation diagram for drilling in the Pohang area 427

Figure 5. Geologic and electric logs of drill-hole PY-1 429

Figure 6. Geologic and electric logs of drill-hole PY-2 ..430

Figure 7. Geologic and electric logs of drill-hole PY-3 432

Figure 8. Traverse plan of offshore geophysical survey, Pohang area 435

Figure 9. Geologic structure map based on offshore geophysical survey, Pohang area .. .. 436

Figure 10. Isopach map of Teritiary sediments, based on offshore geophysical survey, Pohang

area 437

Figure 11. Isopach map of Neogene sediments, based on offshore geophysical survey in the

Yellow Sea and East China Sea; geophysical survey lines are shown .... .. 438

Figure 12. Location map of aeromagnetic survey, 1969 440

2Bb —XXI

Notes on the general character of the gravity field in the Island of Luzon, Philippines .. . . 441

Figure 1. Simplified Bouguer anomaly contour map of Luzon Island, Philippines 443

2 Bb — XXH

Geology and stratigraphy of some sedimentary basins in the Philippines"

..445

2 Bb—XXHI

New developments in the petroleum geology of the Fang and Chiang Mai Basins, northern

Thailand, and of the Gulf of Thailand 452

c. Of countries outside the ECAFE region

2 Be —I Page

Carbon isotope analyses on natural gases in north-western Germany 454

Figure 1. Carbon dioxide and methane contents of gases from north-western Germany ..455

Figure 2. Methane S-values of gases from north-western Germany 456

Figure 3. Carbon isotope ratio of methane in relation to C1/2C11 456

2 Be —H

New oil and gas regions in the epi-Paleozoic platforms of Central Asia, Kazakhstan and

Western Siberia 457

2 Bd. Paper concerning stratigraphy of the ECAFE region

(Published separately as: Stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary basins of the

ECAFE region (Second Volume). Mineral Resources Development Series No. 36.

United Nations, New York, 1970.)

2 Bd —I

Stratigraphic correlation between sedimentary basins of the ECAFE region

2 Bd —II

Contributions towards a stratigraphic scale for the ECAFE region

2 Bd—HI

Paleontology in Australia (including the place of micropaleontology)

2 Bd—IV

A correlation chart for the Cretaceous System in Australia

2 Bd—V

Note on the establishment of principles for standardization of stratigraphic nomenclature in

Taiwan, China

2 Bd—VI

Regional stratigraphic study of the Miocene formations in northern Taiwan, China

2 Bd —VII

Stratigraphic correlation of the subsurface formations in north-western Taiwan, China

2 Bd—VHI

An outline of the stratigraphy and structure of the sedimentary basins in India

2 Bd—IX

A review of recent contributions to the Mesozoic and Cenozoic foraminiferal biostratigraphyof India

2 Bd—X

Contributions on Cretaceous and Cenozoic microfauna, paleoecology, stratigraphic classification

and correlation in India

2 Bd —XI

Steps towards standardization of stratigraptc classification in Indonesia

2 Bd —XH

Neogene Tertiary planktonic foraminiferal zonation in the oil producing provinces of Japan

2 Bd—XHI

Some aspects of the stratigraphy and correlation of the Surma Basin wells, East Pakistan

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