Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on ...

(ICSET20)

Proceedings of the

3rd International Conference on

Sustainable Engineering Techniques

May 2-3rd, 2020

Baghdad, Iraq,

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS

Peer review statementTo cite this article: 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 881 011002

View the article online for updates and enhancements.

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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

3rd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET 2020)

IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 881 (2020) 011002

IOP Publishing

doi:10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/011002

1

Peer review statement

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have

been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted

by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published

by IOP Publishing.

Scientific Committee

Prof.Dr.Abed Al-Mohsen N. Almohasin Prof.Dr.Nabil J.Yasin

Prof.Dr.Mufid S.Alhadithi Prof.Dr.Sabah K..Hussein

Prof.Dr.Abdulhadi N.Khalifa

.Dr.Mohammed M.Rasheed

Prof.Dr.Hani A.Amin

Prof.Dr.Mahmoud F.Musleh

Prof.Dr.Manoun U.Mohammed

.Prof.Dr.Fayez Ahmed

Prof.Dr.Ahmed A. Moosa

(Chairman)

To: Dear Prof. Aladdin Abdul Rahman….

We Never Forget You

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

PAPER • OPEN ACCESS

PrefaceTo cite this article: 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 881 011001

View the article online for updates and enhancements.

This content was downloaded from IP address 37.236.63.73 on 12/09/2020 at 08:44

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Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distributionof this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd



IOP Publishing

doi:10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/011001

1

Middle Technical University and Technical Engineering

College

The 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques

(ICSET20)

Baghdad, Iraq, May 2-3rd

, 2020

Organizers:

Supported by

Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research, Iraq



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Professor Dr. Abdulmohsin Naji Mohaisen The Middle Technical University Chancellor

Editorial Preface

Developing sustainable engineering projects has been receiving a growing interest both globally and

here in Iraq. Consequently, Middle Technical University has put a sustainable energy projects as one of its

priorities. Following the success of the second conference, the university will hold the third International

Conference on sustainable engineering techniques under the auspices of the Iraqi Ministry of Higher

Education and Scientific Researches. The conference provides a great opportunity for researchers, and

stakeholders to share knowledge and experience in the field of sustainable and renewable energy issues and

to stimulate scientific discussions.

ICSET20 in holding with these conditions is a challenge to what Iraq and the world are witnessing in the

spread of the Corona epidemic, which has disrupted much of the course of life, but that did not prevent

researchers at the university to accept the challenge, establish the conference and do all other tasks that lead

to its success.

This series receipt of 352 researches, all of which were evaluated from inside and outside Iraq, where 193

researches were accepted after the scientific evaluators agreed to their approval to deliver at the conference

with reference to the existence of 6 researches From outside Iraq, researchers from countries such as

Germany and Vietnam. The Scientific Committee worked hard to ensure that all submissions were checked

and reviewed before the deadline. A strict peer review by two to three referees, chosen according to their

scientific specialization. All accepted papers published in this edition of ICSET revised and approved by

the scientific committee.

The ICSET 2020 is the 3rd Conference for sustainable engineering research took place in Baghdad, on May

2-3rd, 2020 at the Middle Technical University, College of Technical Engineering (Iraq Republic)

Virtualy.



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The ICSET20 program also includes an opening session lectures started by Professor Shimas Carvey from

the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom, Dr. Qusay Hatim Jabr, visiting professor in the United

Kingdom, Dr. Atef Ali Hamed Al-Kharabsheh from Al-Balqa University in Jordan and finally Professor

Ahmed Ali Musa from the College of Technical Engineering of Baghdad.

After that, Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Shaker Al-Mulla Khalaf, the permanent representative of Iraq to UNESCO,

delivered a speech in which he explained the goals of sustainable engineering, including good education,

eliminating hunger, gender equality and clean energy, stressing that UNESCO seeks, through sustainable

engineering, to emphasize the importance of the technical education strategy and find opportunities Work

for graduates.

Finally, a sincere thanks to the Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (Iraq), we would

also like to extend our thanks to all authors for their precious research papers and presentations. All

reviewers are also thanked for their professional assistance in reviewing. Thanks are finally given to IOP

Publication as well for producing this volume.

Asst. Prof. Dr.Baydaa Maula

Middle Technical University

On behalf of ICSET20 Organizing& Scientific Committee



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Conference Photograph

The second day of the 3rd

ICSET20

[Virtual Conference using ZOOM Cloud meetings]

The opening of the third international scientific conference on sustainable engineering at the Middle

Technical University / College of Technical Engineering ,Baghdad

Sessions of Architecture, Civil, Mechanical, Roads,

Transportation, Electronic, and Renewable Energy https://toc.edu.iq/2020/05/05/2ndday/



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Conference Photograph

The second day of the 3rd

ICSET20

[Virtual Conference]



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Invited speakers

3rd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET 2020) 15 April

2020, Baghdad, Iraq

i

Contents 1 Architecture / urban and planning Engineering ....................................................................... 1

1.1 The Role of Sustainable Development Approaches in Addressing Urban Tensions in

Cities 1

1.2 Urban Acupuncture, a Strategy for Development: Case Study of Al-Rusafa, Baghdad .. 1

1.3 Coexistance of form and structure in contemporary architecture .................................... 2

1.4 The effect of cooperative learning strategy on the engagement in architectural education

2

1.5 Functional transparency in digital architecture ................................................................ 3

1.6 Impact of Façade Material of Mass Housing on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Hot-arid

Climate ........................................................................................................................................ 3

1.7 The Sustainable Design Technologies in Babylonian Architecture ................................. 4

1.8 Self-sufficiency and its role in the sustainability of exhibition buildings ........................ 4

1.9 The effect of parking lots distribution arrangements on environmental noise level for the

universities campuses.................................................................................................................. 5

1.10 Adaptive reuse as an approach to sustainability ........................................................... 5

1.11 The Role Of Addition In Leftover Places In The Sustainability Of Historical Buildings

6

1.12 Economic revitalization of historical paths, Analytical study of the tourist attraction

property 6

1.13 Manifestations of Growing in Contemporary Architecture .......................................... 7

1.14 Nature Simulation in Iterative Systems of Contemporary Structures .......................... 7

1.15 Semi-alive architecture "from healing to self-healing in architecture" ........................ 8

1.16 The effect of the characteristics formation of urban open space on thermal comfort for

pedestrian .................................................................................................................................... 9

1.17 The Effect of Smart Low Emission Glass Material on Reducing Energy Consumption

for Office Building in Hot Arid Climate..................................................................................... 9

1.18 The Role of Brick in Determining Features of Iraqi Architecture ............................... 9

1.19 Studying Flexibility and Adaptability as Key Sustainable Measures for Spaces in

Dwelling Units: A Case Study in Baghdad............................................................................... 10

1.20 The Challenges of Smart Development in Future Iraqi Cities: Achieving Techno-

Sustainability............................................................................................................................. 10

1.21 The spatial organization strategies of productive cities .............................................. 11

1.22 The Role of Landscape in Achieving (Ageing in Place) within Multi-Story Housing

Projects 11


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1.23 Comparative Analysis of land use and urban growth modeling using geomatics

technology (city of Najaf-Iraq) ................................................................................................. 12

1.24 Automation of the spatial indicators and the sustainability of regional planning ...... 12

1.25 Automation in architecture and its effect on the regeneration of traditional buildings:

Al-Shawi House as a case study ............................................................................................... 13

1.26 Resilience Strategies in Neighborhoods ..................................................................... 13

1.27 Investigate the Sustainable Efficient Spaces in Islamic Inheritance Houses .............. 14

1.28 The impact of a frozen architectural heritage power on a local architecture ............. 14

1.29 Predicting the future growth depending on GIS and IDRISI program, city of Najaf-Iraq

15

1.30 Evaluation of curriculum quality in Architectural Academic Program, Case Study -

Outcomes of Architectural Academic Program – (graduates Architects) ................................ 15

1.31 Sustainability of Sovereign Buildings in Mesopotamian Civilization ....................... 15

1.32 Studying Sustainable Actions of Syntactic Structures of Historic Hit Citadel: A

Morphological Approach .......................................................................................................... 16

1.33 Sustainable Environment in Interior Design: Design by Choosing Sustainable

Materials ................................................................................................................................... 16

1.34 The role of social sustainability in reviving heritage buildings in the city of Baghdad

after crises ................................................................................................................................. 17

1.35 Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow over Submerged Dams ........................................ 18

1.36 Performance of Thermally Insulated Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with

Near-Surface Mounted-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strips under Elevated Temperature

18

2 Structural, Geotechnical Engineering .................................................................................... 19

2.1 Analysis of Steel Multi-storey Building Subjected to Halabja Earthquake Loading ..... 19

2.2 Structural Performance of Slender RC Columns with Cross and Square-Shaped under

Compression Load .................................................................................................................... 19

2.3 Experimental Comparative Study of Effect of Different Additive Materials on Concrete

Mix Alkalinity and Heat Generation ......................................................................................... 20

2.4 Numerical Study of Specially Shaped Slender RC Columns under Compressive Load 20

2.5 Effects of Opening on Load Carrying Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Slabs: Analytical

Study 21

2.6 Estimation and Analysis of Costs for Electrical Power Transmission Lines in Iraqi

Projects ...................................................................................................................................... 21

2.7 Experimental and finite element analysis study of die geometrical affect the forming load

during extrusion process ........................................................................................................... 22

2.8 Crashworthiness behavior of aircraft sandwich structure with honeycomb core under

bending load. ............................................................................................................................. 22


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iii

3 Mechanical Engineering ........................................................................................................ 23

3.1 Path Planning Optimization of a Mobile Robot based on Intelligence Algorithm ........ 23

3.2 Numerical and experimental study for assessment the effect of baffles in a grooved cavity

23

3.3 Novel Wall-Climbing Robot Capable of Transitioning and Perching ........................... 23

3.4 Experimental and numerical investigations for turbulent air flow characteristics of

circular orifice plate .................................................................................................................. 24

3.5 Four Earing's Prediction in Deep Drawing of AISI 1008 Steel Sheet Conical Product 24

3.6 Design and Implementation of Asymmetric Extrusion Die Using Bezier Technique ... 25

3.7 Forming of Aluminum Foam Sandwich Panels ............................................................. 25

3.8 Effect of the Location of Draw Bead and Its Profile in Cylindrical Cup Forming ........ 26

3.9 Analysis of Forming Complex Cup by Drawing Process .............................................. 26

3.10 Evaluation of Using the Ceiling and Wall Spots Ventilation System on Indoor Thermal

Environment .............................................................................................................................. 27

3.11 Microstructure and phase analysis of brazing bonds for stainless steel (AISI 316L and

431) to carbon steel (A516 G70) using a Ni–Si–B filler metal alloy ....................................... 27

3.12 Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Shot-Peening and Solidification Effects

on the Endurance Limit of Composite Material ....................................................................... 27

3.13 Fatigue behavior and fractography in friction stir welding zones of dissimilar

aluminum alloys (AA5086-H32 with AA6061-T6) ................................................................. 28

3.14 Effect of sliver filler metal alloy on bonding structure for brazing Ni270 to Ductile cast

iron 28

3.15 Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties development with Ti, Cr,

or Ni addition for low carbon steel butt joints .......................................................................... 29

3.16 Joining of Double Pre-Holed Aluminum Alloy AA6061-T6 to Polyamide PA using

Hot Press Technique ................................................................................................................. 29

3.17 Gait Cycle Ground Reaction Force Measurement Using Piezoelectric Sensor Attached

to Shoe-Insole System............................................................................................................... 30

3.18 Building A Computerize System for Controlling and Monitoring Manufacturing

Operations Based on Statistical Quality Control ...................................................................... 30

3.19 Iraqi gasoline performance at low engine speeds ....................................................... 30

3.20 Joining of Aluminium Alloy AA6061-T6 to PVC Polymer by Friction Stir Lap joining

Process 31

3.21 Strength of resistance spot welding of aluminum alloy AA6061 to carbon steel using

different filler materials ............................................................................................................ 31

3.22 Improvement of Corrosion and Erosion Resistance Properties for Cast Iron ............ 32


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3.23 Effect of Heat Treatment on Toughness and Fatigue Behavior Strength of Steel CK45

32

3.24 Numerical stress analysis for single-lap adhesive joint under thermo-mechanical load

using non-linear material .......................................................................................................... 33

3.25 Experimental Investigation of Hold Time Effect on Springback in V-Bending Sheet

Metal Forming Process ............................................................................................................. 33

3.26 The effects of frequency and amplitude of vibration on the mixing and segregation

processes in granular materials ................................................................................................. 33

3.27 Improving the Specifications of Floor Coating by adding nanoclay .......................... 34

3.28 Investigation of Friction Stir Welding of AA2024-T4 Thin Sheets for Industrial

Applications .............................................................................................................................. 34

3.29 Experimental and Numerical Study of Radiant Floor Heating Panels Performance at

Different Conditions ................................................................................................................. 35

3.30 The crack displacement prediction of a composite sample by modelling the mixed

mode bending test ..................................................................................................................... 35

3.31 Experimental Study on Electrodes Types in Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of

High-Speedd Steel .................................................................................................................... 35

3.32 Investigating affecting parameters on surface roughness and metal removal rate in wire

electrical discharge machining process ..................................................................................... 36

3.33 Triple Solutions of Nanoparticle plus Polymer-Surfactant compound for Enhancing the

Drag Reduction Using a Rotational Disk Apparatus ................................................................ 36

3.34 Control of vibration by using dynamic vibration absorber......................................... 37

3.35 Influence of Al2O3 Nanoparticles Addition to AA6082-T6 on Mechanical Properties

by Stir Casting Technique ......................................................................................................... 37

3.36 Surface segmentation and reconstruction in reverse engineering .............................. 37

3.37 Mixed Convection Enhancement in a Rectangular Cavity by Triangular Obstacle ... 38

3.38 Design of Sliding Mode Control for Overhead Crane Systems ................................. 38

3.39 Evaluation of Green Supply Chain Management Practices Under Uncertainty

Environment: Case Study in The Company for Batteries Industry .......................................... 39

3.40 Effect of Sliding Speed on the Thermal Fields and Frictional Behaviours of Asbestos-

free Frictional Materials Used for Dry Clutch System ............................................................. 39

3.41 A Simplified Algorithm for Detecting Power Recirculation within 1-Dof Multi-Entity

Planetary Gear Trains ............................................................................................................... 40

3.42 Synthesis and characterization of porous zirconia parts by nonaqueous electrophoretic

deposition technique ................................................................................................................. 40

3.43 Removal of Precious Metals from Electronic-Waste by Using Composite Material . 40

4 Materials Engineering ............................................................................................................ 41


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

v

4.1 Modification and Refinement of Al-23Si Alloy Processed by Addition of Nano-Metal-

Phosphate .................................................................................................................................. 41

4.2 Investigation the Effect of Titanium on Adhesive Wear and Hardness of NiAl-Y2O3

Composite Material ................................................................................................................... 41

4.3 Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polymer/Nickel Composites ............................ 41

4.4 Improving the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys 6061-T6 Friction Stir

Welding Joints Using Ultrasonic Peening ................................................................................ 42

4.5 Applying Carbon Nanotubes for Enhancing Fluid Flow ............................................... 42

4.6 The Role of ZnO Nano-fluids on Heat Treatments of Medium Carbon Steel ............... 43

4.7 Extraction of high purity amorphous silica from rice husk by chemical process .......... 43

4.8 Effect of Mold Vibration on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si Eutectic

Alloy 43

4.9 Derivation of a new multiscale model: II. Deriving a modified Hall-Petch relation from

the multiscale model and testing it for nano, micro, and macro materials ............................... 44

4.10 Synthesis of iron oxide (β-fe2o3) nanoparticles from Iraqi grapes extract and its

biomedical application .............................................................................................................. 44

4.11 Erosive Wear Behavior of Jute Fiber / Polyester resin with Biowaste Materials ....... 45

4.12 Monitoring and evaluation of the water pollution ...................................................... 45

4.13 POX Controller and Open Flow Performance Evaluation in Software Defined

Networks (SDN) Using Mininet Emulator ............................................................................... 45

5 Electronic Engineering .......................................................................................................... 47

5.1 UWB Elliptical Antenna Using Fractal Geometry For Wireless Capsule Endoscopy .. 47

5.2 Wavelet Packet VS Backpropagation for localization and Classification PCG Signals 47

5.3 Design of smart power meter for local electrical power generators in Baghdad city .... 47

5.4 High Empirical Study of Edge Detection-Based Image Denoising Corrupted by the

Additive White Gaussian Noise (WGN)................................................................................... 48

5.5 Reference measurement channel RMC parameters of LTE downlink waveforms ........ 48

5.6 Key Exchange Protocols for Parallel Network File Systems Using Optimized

Cryptography ............................................................................................................................ 49

5.7 Modulation and RS-CC rate specifications in WiMAX IEEE 802.16 Standard with

MATLAB Simulink model ....................................................................................................... 49

5.8 A Smart Biomedical Assisted System for Alzheimer Patients ...................................... 49

5.9 Design of Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Tumor Detection ..................... 50

5.10 Design of Ultra-Wideband Microwave Antenna Array for Detection Breast Cancer

Tumours .................................................................................................................................... 50

5.11 Design of Mobile Healthcare Monitoring System Using IoT Technology and Cloud

Computing................................................................................................................................. 50


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5.12 Analytical Model of a Holmium-doped Fiber Laser Including Up-conversion

Transition .................................................................................................................................. 51

5.13 Enhancement Mechanism of the Channel for Wireless Sensor Network ................... 51

5.14 Investigating the Access Point height for an indoor IOT services ............................. 52

5.15 Instant messaging security and privacy secure instant messenger design .................. 52

5.16 Performance of the adaptive sliding mode control scheme for output voltage control of

the DC/DC buck converter system ........................................................................................... 52

5.17 Real measurement of optimal access point localizations ........................................... 53

5.18 Based on IoT Healthcare Application for Medical Data Authentication: Towards A

New Secure Framework Using Steganography ........................................................................ 53

5.19 Based on Competitive Marketing: A New Framework mechanism in Social Media 54

5.20 Fuzzy Logic Power Flow Control in divide Full Bridge Three-Port Converter ......... 54

5.21 Modified inverse neural controller using adaptive gain factor for DC motor ............ 55

5.22 Design and Implementation of a Modified Luo Converter with Higher–Voltage Ratio

Gain 55

5.23 Hand Gesture Recognition Using Mechanomyography Signal Based on LDA Classifier

55

5.24 Virtual private network impacts on the computer network performance with different

traffic generators ....................................................................................................................... 56

5.25 Implementation of Phase Shifted Carrier Modulation Technique for Cascaded Five-

Level Inverter Using FPGA ...................................................................................................... 56

5.26 Design and optimization of backstepping controller applied to autonomous quadrotor

57

6 Electric Engineering .............................................................................................................. 58

6.1 Optimal location of UPFC devices for minimizing Losses in Transmission Line......... 58

6.2 Reduced pole to pole voltage deviations through stopping MMC blockading loss of

terminals below DC faults ........................................................................................................ 58

6.3 Using of Genetic algorithm to obtain proper Coordination of Directional overcurrent

relays. 59

6.4 A New Proposed Pendulum-Like with Attraction-Repulsion mechanism Algorithm for

Solving Optimization Problems ................................................................................................ 59

6.5 Modeling and Anlysis for Diagnosis Skin Lesions using Modern Artificial Swarm

Intelligence Techniques (MASITs) ........................................................................................... 59

6.6 Design Low Power Detection QPSK-Transceiver for UWB Techniques...................... 60

6.7 Interval type-2 and type-1 Fuzzy Logic Controllers for congestion avoidance in internet

routers ....................................................................................................................................... 60


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

vii

6.8 An integral sliding mode control for the magnetic levitation system based on

backstepping approach .............................................................................................................. 60

6.9 Performance Evaluation of a Campus HotSpot Network in Baghdad ........................... 61

6.10 Design and Implementation of Intelligent MPPT Based on FPGA for PV System ... 61

6.11 Modeling and simulation of 1kw single phase grid tied inverter for solar photovoltaic

system 62

6.12 Design and Software Implementation of Multilevel Diode Clamped Converter ....... 62

6.13 Improvement the Performance of MIMO Channel Employing Concatenation (BCH –

STBC) Codes. ........................................................................................................................... 62

6.14 Design and Implementation a New Real Time Overcurrent Relay Based on Arduino

MEGA 63

6.15 Analysis of Interference and Signal Quality in Cellular Wireless Networks ............. 63

6.16 Implementation of the GPS microstrip circular patch antenna ................................... 63

6.17 Low Complexity Rate Compatible Puncturing For Future Communication network 64

6.18 VoIP Performance Evaluation and Capacity Estimation Using different QoS

Mechanisms .............................................................................................................................. 64

6.19 Photonic Antenna Design for Long Term Evolution Application .............................. 64

6.20 Compact 3x1 Elements Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Cognitive Radio

Applications .............................................................................................................................. 65

6.21 Texture Analysis of Mammogram Using Histogram of Oriented Gradients Method 65

6.22 Design of Multi-band Slotted mmWave Antenna for 5G Mobile Applications......... 65

6.23 Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Hybrid, Active Power Filters, for Harmonic

Mitigation .................................................................................................................................. 66

6.24 Modeling and Simulation of A Low Cost Perturb& Observe and Incremental

Conductance MPPT Techniques In Proteus Software Based on Flyback Converter ............... 66

6.25 Evaluate the effectiveness of cylindrical cooling holes embedded in arc trench over flat

plate surface using infra-red technology ................................................................................... 67

6.26 Blade Shape Optimization of Savonius Wind Turbine at Low Wind Energy by

Artificial Neural network .......................................................................................................... 67

7 Renewable Energy ................................................................................................................. 68

7.1 The effect of aspect ratio on heat transfer in a square cavity filled with a porous medium

68

7.2 Experimental Evaluation of Fresnel's lens solar concentrator in Iraq ............................ 68

7.3 Fabrication of magnetic water system for drip irrigation by using solar energy ........... 68

7.4 Design of a Smart Energy Management System for Photovoltaic Stand-Alone Building

69


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viii

7.5 The Optimum Theoretical Design of Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube by using a Technique

of Multiple Attribute Decision Making .................................................................................... 69

7.6 Numerical Investigation of 2D Turbulent Flow past a Circular Cylinder at Lower

Subcritical Reynolds Number ................................................................................................... 69

7.7 Determination of Wind Shear Coefficients and Conditions of Atmospheric Stability for

Three Iraqi Sites ........................................................................................................................ 70

7.8 Numerical Modelling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of (TiO2-Water) Nanofluids in

Wavy duct ................................................................................................................................. 70

7.9 A Smart Embedded System for Humid Air Condensation and Water Harvesting ........ 71

7.10 Numerical study for the ventilation with solar chimney under effect of different

location and the shape of the section opening window............................................................. 71

7.11 Compressive strength and shrinkage of concrete containing calcium oxide (CaO)

powder 71

7.12 Effect of calcium carbonate treated crumb rubber and oil palm fruit fibre on the

mechanical properties of mortar ............................................................................................... 72

8 Civil Engineering ................................................................................................................... 73

8.1 Stress-strain behaviour and flexural strength of silica fume polymer-modified concrete

73

8.2 The application of six sigma - supported expert system in construction projects.......... 73

8.3 Characteristics of Selected Off-Street Parking in AL-Mansour Neighborhood / Baghdad

74

8.4 Locating Site Selection for Rainwater Harvesting Structure using Remote Sensing and

GIS 74

8.5 Developing a pavement maintenance management system of multi-lane highway in Iraq

74

8.6 The reasons and proposed treatments for the housing problem in Iraq ......................... 75

8.7 Calculating the Vertical Displacement using the Method of Least Squares Adjustment

and 3D Objects Fitting .............................................................................................................. 75

8.8 Mechanical and sustainability assessment of induction heatable asphalt tiles and asphalt

pellets in road maintenance ....................................................................................................... 76

8.9 Change in land-uses of Ramadi city and its influence on public transportation

sustainability ............................................................................................................................. 76

8.10 Effect of Palm Fibers on Asphalt Pavement Properties ............................................. 76

9 Transportation Engineering, Ocean and Marine Engineering ............................................... 78

9.1 Influence of Compaction Method on Rutting Resistance of Hot Mix Asphalt .............. 78

9.2 Enhanced asphalt mixture behavior by using khawa clay to resist deformation ........... 78

9.3 Optimization of Eco-friendly Pavement Concrete Mixture Using Response Surface

Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 78


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9.4 Prediction the Strength of Fibered Reinforced Concrete Pavement Using Response

Surface Methodology: Parametric Study .................................................................................. 79

9.5 Management of Natural Iraqi Water Resources, Aims And Challenges........................ 79

9.6 Municipal Waste Water Treatment Using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) ............... 80

10 Water Management ............................................................................................................ 81

10.1 Selection of water harvesting sites in Horan valley ................................................... 81

10.2 Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using Correlation Matrix in Humaydat-Region,

Mosul, Iraq ................................................................................................................................ 81

10.3 Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Water Quality Index Technique: A Case

Study of Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq. .......................................................................................... 81

10.4 Recycling of Agriculture Wastes for Efficient Removal of Methyl Orange Dye Using

Batch Adsorption Unit .............................................................................................................. 82

10.5 Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Pomegranate Peel ..................... 82

11 Pollution Control ................................................................................................................ 84

11.1 Using The Glass and Rubber waste as Sustainable Materials to Prepare Foamed

Concrete with Improved Properties .......................................................................................... 84

11.2 Performance of Oil on Bio-Methane Creation under Anaerobic Co-Fermentation

Condition. Review .................................................................................................................... 84

11.3 Determination the effect of gamma radiation on CR-39 detector by analysis of

photoelasticity images using MATLAB software .................................................................... 85

11.4 The Influence of Process Parameters on Anthocyanin Content in Ipomoea Batatas

Extract 85


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

1

1 Architecture / urban and planning Engineering

1.1 The Role of Sustainable Development Approaches in Addressing Urban

Tensions in Cities

Z. F. Al-Khafagy and W. Sh. Al-Hinkawi

Abstract: In the stages of their development, cities become a grouping of different urban contexts

as a result of development projects of all kinds, which generates, over time, spatial tensions at

different levels and dimensions within cities in their different contexts.

Previous literature have pointed out the phenomenon of urban tension, between the existing

systems and the process of withdrawing them towards sustainability, or as a result of globalization

and rapid urbanization that brought with it many tensions and contradictions in urban environments.

The research has classified these tensions into: economic, such as the effects of the recent global

financial crisis; social tensions that have been exacerbated by persistent poverty and discrimination

worldwide; migration pressures and social disintegration as a result of economic restructuring; and

environmental tensions due to ecosystems threatened by uncontrolled flows of energy and waste.

The research indicated the tension between any two entities during the development process, where

the tension occurs between what is added and what is existing of urban systems. The research aims

to clarify and explain the urban tension, its causes and manifestations, and to present global

experiences to reach a comprehensive theoretical framework for sustainable development

approaches and ways to activate them to address urban tension in local contexts to achieve

sustainable, safe, and livable cities.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012001

1.2 Urban Acupuncture, a Strategy for Development: Case Study of Al-Rusafa,

Baghdad

W. Sh. Al-Hinkawi and S. M. Al-Saadi

Abstract: City centres face many social and environmental challenges, such as environmental

pollution, narrowing or lacking green spaces, low urban quality of life and loss of vitality. These

challenges have brought calls for sustainable development. The strategy of urban acupuncture has

emerged as a model and approach for developing third-generation cities. It combines the principles

of urban design with the traditional medical theory of acupuncture: catalytic and energy-intensive

interventions in the urban fabric regulate so-called "energy flows" (environmental, social, cultural

and informational) within the city. The strategy transforms the scope of acupuncture into the larger

urban context, as needles refresh the whole patient's body through the healing of parts. Our

research problem is the lack of a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms of acupuncture

theory and its benefits in the context of city centres. To address the research problem, we built a

comprehensive theoretical framework for the concept of acupuncture and the levels of intervention

in general. We propose an acupuncture theory for revitalizing city centres in particular, which we

then test and apply in a part of the historical Rusafa Center in Baghdad City.

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1.3 Coexistance of form and structure in contemporary architecture

Ahmed Hashim Hameed El-Eqapy and Marwa Mohamed Kassid Al-Zaidy

Absract: The reality of contemporary architecture refers that the architectural form may not always

reflect the structure of the structure. There are two different models in the relationship between the

form and the structure: one contradicts the form with the structure while they work separately, and

the other in which the form stems from the structure, overlaps and is compatible with it.

Developments in structural engineering have profoundly influenced architecture, where the use of

new structural materials and new structural systems to define the formal characteristics of

contemporary architecture, the emergence of digital programming and parametric design enabled

a return to historical tectonic symbols and self-modulation in the natural structures and materials

science and analysis to create a contemporary architectural structures. From here came the desire

to explore the nature of this coexistance relationship. The main objective of this study was to

clarify the relationship of form with the structure by giving a clear vision about one of the types

of form correlation with the structure, which is the relationship of coexistance in which the form

stems from the structure that the structure reads the form and be the source of its creation. The

problem of research is the lack of clarity of the formal and structural harmonic relationship and

the ways for achieving this harmony in contemporary architectural products. The main elements

are derived from the concepts related to research and analysis of the set of architectural

applications that achieved the case of coexistance and the practical application, and then come up

with the results and conclusions that related to the case of formal-structural harmony in

contemporary architecture which is achieved through a combination of intellectual, symbolic and

material factors with digital techniques.

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1.4 The effect of cooperative learning strategy on the engagement in architectural

education

Mayyadah L Abdulwahhab and Basim H. Hashim

Abstract: Cooperative learning is one of the important educational strategies that have been

adopted in the student-centered curricula, and an important step in learning and education is the

development and enhancement of student learning and their interaction with improving the

effectiveness of teaching. The aim of this research is to study the impact of the use of cooperative

learning strategy and its impact on academic engagement and its reflection on student performance

achievement and results of their learning process for a sample of students from the Department of

Architecture in the College of Engineering at Mustansiriyah University. The results showed a

strong correlation between cooperative learning strategy and academic engagement in the

educational process with high impact factor between the two variables, so the result was positive,

which enhanced the academic achievement results for the stage as well as an increase in technical

and academic skills for students by helping them meet the design requirements and enhancing their

social skills, so they became more motivating and willing to learn and strengthen social relations

between students and the faculty as well as the influence of time factor where teamwork

significantly reduced time at the level of achievement, in addition to the time devoted to criticism

for five groups compared to (15) individuals. The experiment demonstrated the effect of

cooperative learning strategy on the level of student engagement in terms of its four characteristics:

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• Behavioral engagement through effective engagement into group work.

• An increase in the desire to work and an improvement in social relations, and hence, increase in

the rates of emotional engagement.

• Cognitive merger by noting an improvement in academic performance in general compared to

individual performance.

• The individual effort may not be apparent to some students due to the interlock of joints of work

at the group level.

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1.5 Functional transparency in digital architecture

Basim Hasan Al-Majidi and Sara Raed Majeed

Abstract: Digital architecture plays an important role within the relationship of form to function or

in terms of thought and philosophy where it was able to participate in presenting a new knowledge

structure for the limits that the designer formulates in the architectural space, with providing

modern technology updates such as smart materials and transparent materials. The transparent

materials and transparency became important parts of the formal and functional application,

providing new solutions for architectural construction and a feature of contemporary production.

Many previous studies and research focused on the role of transparency in formal design but

neglected its reflection on the transparency of the function itself, as well as its functional

importance to digital architecture and this is the main research problem, the research was divided

into two main axes: building a cognitive base by reviewing previous studies that dealt with the

concept of transparency in order to extract the theoretical framework indicators, applying them,

and choosing the research hypothesis by studying a group of global buildings using modern

techniques in the functional solutions, leading to a set of conclusions and recommendations that

could make it clear that seek a number of designs that affected the creativity of transparent

architectural components by imparting a new concept of transparency, as it repreented a model for

the borders that the human drew in the place and the human relationship with those boundaries,

the transparency stands out as one of the challenges that has imposed itself on the entire

architectural scene by achieving flexibility and responsiveness with the support of humanitarian

activities to meet the career program and achieving flexibility through the use of space for multiple

functions by manipulating spaces using transparent space to create creative and dynamic borders

and thresholds.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012005

1.6 Impact of Façade Material of Mass Housing on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in

Hot-arid Climate

Samah A. Abrahem, Susan Abed Hassan and Wurood Adeeb Khamees

Abstract: Recent decades witnessed global climate change that effect negatively in all the cities of

the world. Many researchers studied the effect of this phenomenon on thermal comfort for cities

and buildings in its different sides. But the study of residential projects building's façade materials

effects on thermal comfort in Iraq Hot-aired climate didn't examined statically. This article

comparatively analyzed the impact of five types of the most commonly used materials for building

facades for residential projects in Baghdad on outdoor thermal comfort. These materials included,

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burnt clay bricks, thermo-stone, hollow concrete blocks, glazed panels, and granite panels. The

methodological approach relied on ENVI-met software to analyze five factors associated with

thermal comfort, temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind speed, specific humidity, and

predicted mean vote. The results indicated that façade material of high-rise building had a

significant impact on thermal comfort, whilst in the case of low-rise buildings, the impact was

minor.

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012007

1.7 The Sustainable Design Technologies in Babylonian Architecture

Enas Salim Abdulahaad

Absract: The sustainability as a concept does not require a change in the quality of life as much as

it requires a change in ideas and rationality towards ways of living that are less consumed and

continuous for the longest possible period, which has made sustainability the most prominent

evidence of sustainability in real terms. In it as a concept it has successfully implemented and in

its various functional patterns (houses - temples and ziggurat - palaces, castles and forts), the

study's goal is Distinguishing sustainability indicators in Babylonian architecture to reveal their

operational indicators that made them continue successfully For centuries, archaeological

discoveries have also confirmed. To achieve the goal, the research developed a methodology that

was adopted clarifying the implementation indicators for sustainability in Babylonian architecture,

which has emerged at the level of the environmental context to confront the environment and

interact with it and preserve its resources. It singled out a vocabulary group that represented

operational indicators that the ancient Babylonians worked and continued to develop, through

selected models were analysed after the historical analytical survey of Babylonian architecture and

its various functional patterns, research concluded that implementation of sustainability has been

linked to several stages, starting from the planning to the smallest details, which have always

produced positive results and as little as possible from the failures that are negligible compared to

the gains obtained from them environmentally, economically and socially. Research determined

detail indicators to build theoretical framework of Babylonian architecture sustainability for

developed recommendations to improve the application of Sustainable concept in contemporary

architecture.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012007

1.8 Self-sufficiency and its role in the sustainability of exhibition buildings

Zainab Saad Mahdi

Abstract: The exhibition buildings are characterized by a great functional importance due to the

profitable results they obtain through marketing, cultural exchanges, and other activities. Throught

out the increase in competition, which accompanied by promotional and innovative methods to

achieve greater revenue, it was found that the exhibition design began to be affected architecturally.

Many attempts was made to reduce the consumption and operational cost of the exhibition, and

environmental impacts to create an interactive environment through advanced technologies as an

advanced method of presentation. As a result of sustainable exhibitions, the previous knowledge

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touched on the dimensions of sustainability and how to achieve them for the self-sufficiency of

the exhibition buildings, nonetheless, the insufficiency of comprehensive knowledge emerged

about the relationship of the concept of self-sufficiency with the sustainability of the exhibition

buildings, so the research problem focused on " the need to clarify the role of self-sufficiency in

achieving sustainability within the exhibition buildings", and focuses on the goal of searching to

clarify that relationship, which requires a three-stage approach. The first is to build a theoretical

framework on the concept of self-sufficiency and its indicators within the exhibition buildings and

explore the dimensions and concepts of sustainability associated with self-sufficiency, including

(off-grid building, pre-manufacturing, interactive technologies and virtual reality, etc...) and the

second examines the vocabulary extracted within selected samples of sustainable exhibitions, to

be a third discussion the findings and conclusions that enhance the theoretical framework for the

concept of self-sufficiency.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012008

1.9 The effect of parking lots distribution arrangements on environmental noise

level for the universities campuses

Susan Abed Hassan and Shatha AJ. Ibrahim

Abstract: Recent years witnessed wide increased in private car numbers in Baghdad city. Cause of

the lack of public transportations. That leads to increase of demands for car parking, which caused

many environmental problems. Recent studies focused on the field of environmental noise levels

reduction in cities and educational buildings. This research problem is that there were no obvious

studies about the effect of parking lots distribution on environmental noise levels for the

universities campuses. The aim of this research is to explore the environmental noise levels

resulting from parking lots distribution arrangements within the southern complex at Al-Nahrain

University in Baghdad. Software program had been adopted to measure the levels of

environmental noise for the educational complex to determine the levels of environmental noise

with the future prediction of environmental noise levels in the event of an increase in the number

of car parking spaces.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012009

1.10 Adaptive reuse as an approach to sustainability

Zahraa Adil Abdulameer and Sana Sati' Abbas

Abstract: Adaptive reuse of buildings serves well the needs of the local community and leads to

sustainable economic, social and environmental development; therefore, it is necessary to search

the role that adaptive reuse plays in the sustainability of the heritage buildings. The research

problem is represented by a knowledge gap about the impact of the determinants of adaptive reuse

and its benefits that leads to the sustainability of the reused buildings. The aim of the research is

to build a theoretical framework that helps to determine this impact. The research adopts the

descriptive analytical approach to some of global, Arabian and local samples elected on the basis

of the difference in the new function compared to the old one, the difference in the benefits of

reuse achieved in the samples, the difference in the culture and nature of society in the chosen

areas of the projects and the fact that the projects are carefully designed to preserve the originality

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of the architectural heritage. Finally, the research has reached some conclusions and proposed a

number of recommendations based on the results of a practical study aimed at achieving the

sustainability of local heritage buildings by reusing them again.

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1.11 The Role Of Addition In Leftover Places In The Sustainability Of Historical

Buildings

Sarah Silan Hussain and Asmaa Muhamad Hussain

Abstract: Leftover places are one of the phenomena faced by the built environment, which is

subject to continuous renewal and development. These leftover are returned as empty spaces,

sometimes positively exploited as green areas, and sometimes negative, to appear neglected. These

leftover are distributed in different parts of the built environment. As for buildings, they are

distributed around them - forward, backward, or lower, and sometimes above or between two

buildings. Interference with these places appears as additions or as an expansion of existing

buildings. The previous knowledge dealt with the nature of these additions from different aspects,

especially in the historical buildings in terms of controls and determinants, but the need appears to

clarify the effect of adding on these buildings and the sustainability of their functional and formal

performance, so the research problem stipulated the "need to explore the role of the addition within

the leftover places of historical buildings in its functional and formal sustainability". The research

methodology was based on three phases: the first is to build a conceptual framework on the concept

of sustainability and its dimensions, the concept of sustainable preservation of historical buildings,

its policies and levels, and its relation to the concept of leftover places, their types, objectives, and

characteristics. Secondly, building a theoretical framework, which is the first step in solving the

research problem, which addresses the concept of addition, its justifications, and types, as well as

the policies and criteria for adding to historical buildings, and thirdly, conducting an applied study

on selected samples from historical buildings, "local and global", which were exposed to addition

interventions, which were divided into two groups according to the functional and site diversity,

finally, analyze the results and determine the conclusions. The most important findings of the

research are despite the existence of a conflict between changing needs and between values and

intellectual and architectural meanings of historical buildings, but this conflict represents the

starting point for contemporary additions that achieve sustainability by embracing the past with all

its values, the present with all its appearance and the future with all its manifestations.

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1.12 Economic revitalization of historical paths, Analytical study of the tourist

attraction property

R A Khalaf and S S Abbas

Abstract: Historical Paths suffer from negligence for a long time as a result of inappropriate

interventions, the miss use of unsuitable activities and the loss of public space, which took away

their tourist attraction. The research problem is represented by "the absence of obvious vision

about the role of economic revitalization mechanisms as a type of sustainable revitalization in

tourist attraction for the historical paths". The aim of this paper is to revitalize the historical paths

and makes them tourist hubs, while these paths suffer from a physical and economic obsolescence.

As well as building a theoretical framework about economic revitalization and its relation to tourist

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attraction property. The research hypothesis is that "the mechanisms of economic revitalization

have a role in achieving the tourist attraction of historical paths, preparing and activating them to

become effective and attractive historical tourist paths". The current study adopted the descriptive

analytic methodology in describing and analyzing a selected sample (the path of Suq Al-Safafeer).

The research finds that the mechanisms of economic revitalization (such as the density of lands

using, functional diversity, functional regeneration and redirecting cultural and artistic activities)

played a role in achieving tourist attraction for the historical paths. The research emphasized that

economic revitalization can lead to activate these paths if it was invested in sustainable way.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012012

1.13 Manifestations of Growing in Contemporary Architecture

Saif K Saleh and Ali M Jaafar

Abstract: The concept of employing bioinspired, eco-friendly architecture has attracted the interest

of architects, material scientists, as well as researchers in the field of Biomimetics. Inspiration of

nature is carried out as a guiding spirit and it creates an advanced field by (direct and indirect)

mimicking and observing or Biomimicry, as a tradition of lifestyle. In the field of architecture,

looking at nature and living beings and seeking solutions in them is of great value, which is useful

in reducing design problems to a minimum, and choosing the most appropriate materials for it.

Nature is a great permanent factory with aesthetic aspects. For all of that, it was possible to find

solutions for the design by mimicking the growth characteristics of living beings, as one of the

solutions that can be adopted to maintain context and access to the community, thus achieving

sustainability.

Moreover, architecture inspired by living beings has the characteristic of livelihood (bio-

architecture) and has the ability to provide good job spaces at a reasonable cost in an ecofriendly

way. However, the methods of transportation from the organism as (growth) to architecture are

still less reliable since the architects do not realize the real possibilities of these methods. Still, the

problem of the current research from that emerged represented by "the unclear of the role of growth

characteristics in achieving functional and environmental sustainability in contemporary

architecture". The aim of the research is to "reveal the role of these characteristics in achieving

functional development and environmental sustainability of contemporary architecture" depending

on what the technician provided of digital for transferring these properties to architecture and

finding different solutions according to changing needs over time and to produce sustainable

(bio)architecture. The first step to answer this problem was building a theoretical framework for

the aspects of growth and the methods for transferring it to architecture. Then the applying it to

two selected projects to touch on the results and conclusions of the study.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012013

1.14 Nature Simulation in Iterative Systems of Contemporary Structures

Tahreer M. S. Al-Ansari and Asmaa.M.H. Al-Moqaram

Abstract: Contemporary architectural structure characterized by some features that have a

similarity with the structures of the past periods, one of these features is Iteration. The sources of

this concept, its strategies, and its generated system differed from contemporary to traditional

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architecture in previous studies, especially between the building structure and its skin. One of these

strategies called Nature simulation or" Biotic Structures". The research problem stipulated the"

The need to clarify the relationship of Iteration system within nature simulation strategy between

architectural form and its structure". To solve the problem, three steps were conducted, - after

identifying the definition of Iteration and Iteration systems and critique of previse studies -: First,

Establish a theoretical framework about Iteration systems indicators within this strategy, second,

investigating the nature of relationship levels of these systems between the outer skin and the

structure created through an practical study on selected samples that fall into three different

functional types, and third: analyze the results and determine the conclusions.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012014

1.15 Semi-alive architecture "from healing to self-healing in architecture"

Ghassan Ibrahim Kadhom and Ali Mohsen Jaafar

Abstract: Buildings are exposed to external factors, time factor, and usage during their operational

life that their sustainability, toughness, and shape get affected negatively. Those factors also reduce

the reliability of building materials and technologies used in them since buildings are lifeless being

and they don't possess the properties of living beings. For decades, scientists tried to transform the

properties of living beings to various science fields such as computing, architecture, and others.

One of the most important properties is the ability of living beings to heal from damage and to

resist external factors. The concept of healing in architecture refers to developing maintenance and

preservation techniques but they remain traditional and don't evolve to the concept of sustainability.

Therefore, more attention has been given to making buildings possess self-healing property and

making them sustainable so that they last for the most possible period while reducing maintenance

costs and preserving them. Hence, this study is concerned with "the problem of the absence of a

complete knowledgeable vision of the self-healing concept in architecture and that of transferring

the properties of this concept from living beings to architecture", while the object of the study "is

to transform buildings from being dead to being semi-alive those can specify and fix damage by

themselves, so they can renew themselves or resist external factors". In order to achieve its

objective, this study have taken the concept of healing in general and particularity in architecture

form various angles, from the effects of healing on the user or the environment and also the effect

on the building itself, to recommending traditional methods of maintenance, renovation, and

rehabilitation to achieve healing. Also, the study was concerned with self-healing concept in

general and how to achieve it in architecture with the aid of technological advancements via

surveillance systems of the structural health, developments in building materials, self-assembly,

and renewal and how it affected the designers' design strategy and philosophy. A comparison was

also made between healing and self-healing methodologies in order to achieve sustainability in

architecture before finishing the study with conclusions.

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1.16 The effect of the characteristics formation of urban open space on thermal

comfort for pedestrian

Samer Qais Ibraheem and Susan Abed Hassan

Abstract: Urban spaces are prominent urban configurations for the cities, its important came from

its role on encourage human daily social communication and activities. During last decades several

studies searched on achieving thermal comfort in cities and urban spaces, the importance of

providing thermal comfort at the urban scale in the city had emerged because of its importance to

pedestrian daily activities. However, the study of the characteristics formation of open spaces and

their effect on providing thermal comfort in the city of Baghdad as an example of hot dry areas

was not addressed previously, and this is what represents the research problem. This research aims

to analyze the reality of the situation of (Al Ghurery Square) in Al Rashid Street and study the

effect of its formal properties on thermal comfort Using Envi-Met Software. The results showed

that the Predicted mean vote, Mean radiant temperature near the arcade surrounding the

semicircular building achieved better results as compare to street space. While the wind speeds in

the street space was higher.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012016

1.17 The Effect of Smart Low Emission Glass Material on Reducing Energy

Consumption for Office Building in Hot Arid Climate

Hiyam Siham Taha and Susan Abed Hassan

Abstract: There were massive innovations in the field of buildings materials at the beginning of

the new millennium especially in the field of smart materials. There were many literatures that

searched on the role of the smart materials on reduce energy consumption for buildings. This

research problem that there was no obvious studies about the effect of smart low emission glass

material on reducing energy consumption for office buildings in Baghdad city as an example for

hot aired climate cities. Software simulations were used to comparatively estimate the energy

performance model for an office building (Baghdad University office tower) after replace the glass

of windows with low emission glass. The results showed that reduce of energy consumption

reached to 11% as compared to typical type of glass materials.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012017

1.18 The Role of Brick in Determining Features of Iraqi Architecture

Fawzia Irhayyim Al-Assadi and Mumtaz Hazim Al-Dewachi

Abstract: The issue of local architectural identity remains an urgent need especially in the era of

globalization. Factors that have significant contribution in determining identity include the

potentiality of local building materials due to their influence on architectural works through ages

based on the fact that building materials were produced from natural resources which are highly

related to locational and environmental circumstances.

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The brick was the most dominant material in Iraqi architecture since the ancient Mesopotamian

achievements. This came from brick's aesthetic and expressive aspects inherent in its content. The

brick, with its regular structure and measurements, was the main means of creating a variety of

Iraqi buildings that were established to attend the bricks and made it a global building material.

In spite of the fact that brick showed high structural, environmental and aesthetic potentialities,

which proved their success through various experiments in Iraq, no adequate studies are carried

on to explore this. The objective of this paper is to highlight the potentiality of brick as the

dominant building material in Iraq for ages. A sample of modern and contemporary architectural

works are selected to assess the Iraqi brick work aesthetic, environmental and structural aspects as

an identity features.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012018

1.19 Studying Flexibility and Adaptability as Key Sustainable Measures for Spaces

in Dwelling Units: A Case Study in Baghdad

Sura S. Aziz, Dhirgham Alobaydi and Amna BM Salih

Abstract: This paper studies the functional flexibility as a sustainable design option used in housing.

Family medium size has been grown and their needs of social and economic conditions have

changed. In order to satisfy these needs, spatial layouts of their housing have developed or

modified. Flexibility that is the capacity of spatial adaptation of development has considered as a

useful sustainable option in the existing design. Since 2003, there is still a clear problem of

covering the rapidly escalating demand on dwellings in Baghdad, the existing housing has been

suffered from the densification, although the small capacity of spaces and fixed-designs. In

addition to that, a trend of building dwelling units based on the retail sales of lands has been widely

adopted from people to meet their dwelling needs. This paper thus answers the question: how can

Iraqi dwelling occupants evaluate the flexibility and adaptability as key sustainable measures in

their own homes? Methodology used a case study approach, Baghdad, Iraq has been selected for

the case study, cooperated with the questionnaire technique to examine a set of apartments and

homes. Results have shown that dwellers preferred the functional modification based on the inner

space to meet the flexibility, but they have never relied on the flexibility as a sustainable tool of

design.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012019

1.20 The Challenges of Smart Development in Future Iraqi Cities: Achieving

Techno-Sustainability

Maryam Mohammed Hasen and Zaynab Radi Abaas

Abstract: Many of the technological concepts of contemporary cities have expanded within smart

development frameworks. Baghdad represents a global challenge that requires comprehensive

changes at all levels to become a sustainable smart city. This study highlights the most important

challenges facing contemporary cities in general and Baghdad city in particular in respect to

creating techno-sustainability. In doing so, future cities will provide citizens with various lifestyles

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according to multiple development possibilities. Extant research suggests that technological cities

actively deploy the latest technologies in order to ensure the best quality of life and facilitate access

to all economic, social, and environmental levels. This model of technologies can be applied to

Baghdad in a manner commensurate with the city's social reality. Using the inductive analytical

method, this study compare theories of smart development with the most important local

challenges, thereby identifying areas of focus for achieving techno-sustainability in an Iraqi city.

This study concludes that smart governance and smart movement followed by a digital learning

platform and community participation are among the most influential factors for techno-

sustainability. In turn, these factors strengthen research capacity and measure the turning points in

the pathways of Iraqi cities.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012020

1.21 The spatial organization strategies of productive cities

N A Hasan

Abstract: The cities provide the possibility of achieving gains and production opportunities, and

the productive city has been explored as an important advantage of sustainable development, as

productivity and sustainability challenges and opportunities are part of an interconnected

relationship and dynamically system. Studies have focused on the way in which places are

designed at the local level as a major – enabler factor to productivity, and that strategic design

interventions can drive evolutions towards a higher level of aspirant. Accordingly, the problem of

the research was identified as "the absence of a theoretical framework for the spatial

organization strategies and its role in productive cities development."

To address the research problem, a theoretical framework has been built for the spatial organization

strategies of productive cities and depend on its derived vocabulary to analyze a number of

contemporary urban elected models that have adopted intervention and treatment procedures for

the vocabulary and indicators of the subject of the research, which reflects the design strategies

embodying what was presented by contemporary urban trends. The research reached a set of

theoretical and practical conclusions concerning formulas that achieve the spatial organization

strategies of productive cities.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012021

1.22 The Role of Landscape in Achieving (Ageing in Place) within Multi-Story

Housing Projects

Neda K Ibrahim and Rawaa F N Abbawi

Abstract: The world is experiencing an increase in population leading to an increase in the

percentage of people over the age of 65 years, so the aging of the population will not be confine

to developed countries only, but also to developing countries. During the next five decades, more

than 80% of the elderly will live in civilized cities and regions, due to the direct impact of urban

areas on the quality of life for older people to spend most of their time in their local neighborhoods,

and therefore they are sensitive to aspects related to the urban environment surrounding them. In

order to assist the elderly to practice their daily lives in an appropriate way and support their aging

in the place, the research will focus on the elderly in multi-story housing projects and how to work

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on, connecting them with nature within these complexes and help them in the successful

completion of their daily activities. To achieve this the concept of (aging in place), will be

addressed and given the role of landscape that can play in support of aging in place for the elderly.

So the research came to study the possibility of achieving this concept in multi-story housing

projects, where the concept of (aging in place), and the possibility of achieving it by landscape. It

will be studied through an extensive literature review for addressing a holistic theoretical

framework for indicators related to landscape and how they contribute to achieve aging in the place

at the level of multi-story housing projects. Finally, the research reach the locally possibility of

benefiting from that framework and diagnosing the obstacles to achieve those possibilities to

provide landscape that can assist the elderly in multi-story housing projects achieve ageing well in

a convenient and comfortable place for this important segment of the society.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012022

1.23 Comparative Analysis of land use and urban growth modeling using

geomatics technology (city of Najaf-Iraq)

A Kh. Amany and Mustafa A Ebraheem

Abstract: The assessment of changes in land use and land cover in the city of Najaf is important

because of changes in government structures, wars, the economic blockade over the past decades,

migration and increased population growth at the present time and the historical and religious

importance it possesses, where this study aims to simulate the spatial temporal changes of the city

of Najaf by applying the Land Change Modeler (LCM) model IDRISI program, For the time period

(1986-2016). The results indicated a change in the use of land by increasing the area of residential

use and services and the expansion of the city to the north and northwest, with a small increase in

agricultural land at the expense of vacant land. The model also outlines future land uses for the

year 2036, Knowing the direction of future growth helps decision-makers to amend and develop

new plans to achieve sustainable urban development and protect historical sites.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012023

1.24 Automation of the spatial indicators and the sustainability of regional

planning

Ammar Khalil Ebraheem

Abstract: They are many changes have been done in the spatial analysis work, by developing

techniques and mathematical models, especially after rapid development in spatial information

technologies, like GIS, GPS, an Remote Sensing, all previous discussing gives planners new

capabilities through controlling on space and place variables, and how they can interpretation these

variables as systems with relationship among them, with its huge numbers of elements. These

technologies developed new kinds of indicators related to spatial dimension; these indicators take

in it is values the weight value of location, so it represented more actual calculated value for

location.

Research are selecting Holy Najaf Governorate to be it is case study, and to get spatial indictors

can help to directed spatial development strategy for making spatial structural plan for governorate.

We use cells analysis through potentiality analysis as one of simple spatial techniques can give us

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012022

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012023


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

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interesting spatial results, also the case study having variety and separated assets and resources, so

the applying technique give us important results, like, there are no important or leader elements

for developing process, but these will be done through actual exist for spatial potentiality, also,

according to adapted policy by local governorate, in this case we are can putting different priorities

depending on spatial capabilities for spatial development.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012025

1.25 Automation in architecture and its effect on the regeneration of traditional

buildings: Al-Shawi House as a case study

Osamah Abdulmunem Al-Tameemi and Tara A. Toma

Abstract: The increased applications of technology in the field of architecture, especially digital

technology and aspects of automation, have made a major impact on various aspects of local

architecture, especially the traditional ones. As these technologies have succeeded in integrating

many technological applications in many traditional and heritage buildings and taking them to

more complex uses. And included in it characteristics that were not contained, therefore the

research problem was concentrated in the absence of a holistic view of the role of the aspects of

automation as a technological and design effect and its mutual effects on traditional buildings

(especially the traditional Baghdadi houses), in terms of their foundations, indicators and use

aspects, where the research aims to apply the characteristics of automation from Through the

complementarity of its features, and an attempt to formulate new traditional local architectural text

strategically rooted by the technology. This contributes to the advancement of the declining reality

of selected models of Baghdadi houses and the attempt to elevate the architecture and use of them

through the use of the effects of automation in them. Communication between the past, present

and future towards creating a building with a new spirit.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012027

012028

1.26 Resilience Strategies in Neighborhoods

Ban Jalil Tahir and Sana' Sati' Abbas

Abstract: Today, cities and neighborhoods are subjected to unexpected events and crises that reach

the neighborhood or the city to a limit with which it is difficult to return. The research addresses

the resilience aspect in neighborhoods considering the measurement of the neighborhood is the

effective measurement to build the resilience. The research problem about the emerged from the

cognitive need to discover resilience strategies in neighborhood.

Several previous literatures are shown and resilience strategies in neighborhood were reached in a

general manner. Crises affect neighborhoods in various methods, and the response of

neighborhoods to these crises depends on their especial abilities. The research assumed that the

Iraqi neighborhoods have their own strategies that where verified through previous studies that

addressed the changes and the alterations of Iraqi neighborhoods after year 2003. Where a

theoretical frame that illustrated the most distinguished items and indexes of resilience strategies

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012025

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012027


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

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in the Iraqi neighborhoods, they are represented with three strategies: the response strategy, the

adaptation strategy through the changes by adding exterior spaces for the housing unit or dividing

them into smaller units, or perform functional changes on them. And the third strategy is

transformation through bigger changes by destruction and reconstruction.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012028

1.27 Investigate the Sustainable Efficient Spaces in Islamic Inheritance Houses

Wasan Maki Mohammed and Saad Fawzi Tuama Al Nuaimi

Abstract: Due to the changes are generally happened in the architecture and the architectural design

process, and especially in the inheritance houses design fields. Because of the large increase in the

demands for houses in the world. In Addition to that, the imported concepts and shapes from the

foreign architecture in the Islamic Arabic architecture. The Islamic inheritance houses had suffered

from the problem of contemporary transformations and threat urban structure. For the previous

reasons this research will discuss the research problem which is; what are the characteristics of

sustainable efficient spaces in Islamic inheritance houses. The research objective is to explore the

sustainable traditional efficient elements to use it in the contemporary hosing; to sustain the Islamic

traditional heritage and Islamic identity. This Study has a try to investigate the pheno-type and

geno-type of the sustainable efficient spaces of Islamic inheritance houses (tradition inheritance

houses). Research methodology will be inductive method through making surveying for the

efficient spaces in selected traditional cases study in Arabian cities. Five distinguished inheritance

houses in Bahrain as cases study have been selected: "Sheikh Issa Ibin ali Inheritance houses",

"Seiady Inheritance houses in Moharaq", "the inheritance houses of Sheikh Salmaan", "the

inheritance houses of Ahmed Khalaf" and "the inheritance houses of Yusuf Redha in Manama".

These five inheritance houses are similar to many Islamic inheritance houses in Arabian cities and

they are the most Islamic traditional reputed inheritance houses in the Gulf area. The study has try

to investigate pheno-type, geno-type for the efficient spaces in Islamic inheritance houses. The

study finds number of pheno-types, genotypes and another characteristic for sustainable efficient

elements. The research finds that; the genetic features in the Islamic selected inheritance houses

have three efficient spaces. The efficient spaces are "specific, specific-general and general". Those

spaces are opened to a certain courtyard, or they are sharing the same one. And probably one of

the previous spaces has more than one courtyard. So; there are clear separation for these efficient

spaces in the Islamic inheritance houses, through the concept of the hierarchy from (Specific

spaces) then (Specific-General spaces) then to the (General spaces). All selected inheritance

houses have another characteristic; they have the fact that the privacies in the ground floor is less

than the privacy in the first floor.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012029

1.28 The impact of a frozen architectural heritage power on a local architecture

Adil Al-Saidi, Haitham Al-shamari and Mohammed Kassid

Abstract: The frozen architectural heritage products refer to the products that cannot be repeated

or continued for more time. This phenomenon caused by many factors such as inability to use,

inadaptability, unrepeatability, collapsibility and the products classified as masterpiece. This paper

adresses this phenomenon as a negative power inside the traditional urban fabrics. The main

question is how the impact of this negative power could be reduced. This paper conducted a

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012028

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012029


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

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questionnaire to evaluate the architectural heritage products in Alkadhemiaa city in Baghdad. A

large part of its fabric has been removed and the local architecture of Alkadhemiaa city has been

affected negatively. The results obtained showed that the loss of this heritage fabric could have

been avoided.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012030

1.29 Predicting the future growth depending on GIS and IDRISI program, city of

Najaf-Iraq

Amna Hussain Sabree Ali, A. Kh Amany and Mustafa.Abdul. Jalil

Abstract: This study aims to employ modern spatial simulation models to predict the future growth

of Al-Najaf city for the year 2036 by studying the change in land use for the time period (1986-

2016) because of its importance in shaping future policy for the planning process and decision-

making process and ensuring a sustainable urban future, using Geographical information software

programs and remote sensing (GIS, IDRISI Selva) as they are appropriate tools for exploring

spatial temporal changes from the local level to the global scale. The application of the Markov

chain model, which is a popular model that calculates the probability of future change based on

the past, and the Cellular Automata (CA) model determines the spatial location of the change. CA-

Markov is known as a more effective way to model simulation of temporal and spatial change.

Space images have been relied upon by applying models for the information they provide on the

reality of the state of land uses, which can help in understanding the engines and dynamics of land

transformation and forecasting future economic and environmental impacts.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012031

1.30 Evaluation of curriculum quality in Architectural Academic Program, Case

Study - Outcomes of Architectural Academic Program – (graduates Architects)

Nawfal Josef Rizco and Sajjad Yaqoob Yousif

Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the course of the Academic Program Architect

of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Nahrain in light of international quality standards

and your failure by revealing the availability of international quality standards in the architectural

academic curriculum. The problem of the study was the extent to which the academic curriculum

included international quality standards. In order to achieve the objectives, the researcher used the

descriptive analytical method to evaluate the quality of the academic curricula and their vocabulary

(knowledge - skill - ability) for developing the efficiency of the academic director. This is done by

acquiring a characterization that meets the requirements of the reality of the architectural practice.

In addition, the graduate architect through the learning outcomes targeted to the Department of

Architecture at the University of Nahrain. A range Results and conclusions have been reached.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012032

1.31 Sustainability of Sovereign Buildings in Mesopotamian Civilization

Elaf Hasan Al Yaseen, Ammar S Ashour and Hoda A. S. Al-Alwan

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012030

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012031

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012032


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

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Abstract: The pattern of sovereign buildings has emerged within the course of the history of

architecture around the world and through the succession of civilizations since ancient times. The

planning and designing foundations of these buildings were mainly affected by the diverse ruling

authorities and differed according to the successive systems of government. The main thing that

distinguishes most of the designs of this style of building is their sustainability through the

materials used in its construction as a means of perpetuation throughout the ages, constantly

marking the eternity of its rulers. The lack of knowledge in previous literature in the field of

Architecture about the role of materials and technologies in achieving sustainable sovereign

buildings in Mesopotamian civilization, constitutes the main research problem. The aim of the

present paper is thus defined as arriving at the establishment of a theoretical framework by which

are determined the main principles and mechanisms of materials' choice and techniques utilized in

different eras of ancient Iraqi architecture, to finally benefit from the past experiences to attain

sustainable sovereign buildings today and in the future.

The research results confirm the role of the ruling authority (priests and rulers) in the choice of

materials and techniques, as a prominent contribution in achieving sustainability and eternity in

sovereign buildings of Mesopotamian civilization.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012033

1.32 Studying Sustainable Actions of Syntactic Structures of Historic Hit Citadel:

A Morphological Approach

Lina Raad Mohammed and Dhirgham Alobaydi

Abstract: This paper examines the morphological changes of Historic Citadel in Hit, Iraq, in

relation to the changes in syntactic properties of street networks and land use distribution during

the last century. Founded before 1600 BC, Historic Hit Citadel (HHC) has been considered as one

of the most important fortified cores in Iraq. It consists of a rich variety of urban structures

representing different historic periods of the city history. However, HHC was continuously

deteriorated by a lack of urban development programs and maintenance processes since 1900s.

The study thus covers the three remarkable changes of HHC in order to find proper sustainable

actions for developing this historic site and to promote programs of economic diversity as a

sustainable agenda. Methods use space syntax techniques and measures to describe the

accessibility and connectivity of street networks based on syntactic properties of the built

environment. Generated maps of syntactic structures helped to identify the integration and

segregation urban areas on the city map. A discussion of the implications of integration areas,

needed to be improved, and segregation areas, required to be developed, was conducted. Results

have shown where the integrated and segregated cores were located and so helped to provide

general improvements by adopting new activities, developing the existing spatial quality of the

built environm.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012034

1.33 Sustainable Environment in Interior Design: Design by Choosing Sustainable

Materials

Ali Basim Alfuraty

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012033

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012034


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

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Abstract: The process of designing interior environments has witnessed in recent years a shift in

design strategies that have adopted the provision of healthy and sustainable environments, relying

on choosing eco-friendly building materials and appropriate design solutions in interior spaces,

creating environmentally responsible architecture and interior design.

Many studies showed that despite the development of the concept of sustainability, many architects,

designers, and even users do not adopt sustainable design strategies, especially concerning the

choice of sustainable materials in the processes of design, construction and even furnishing. The

most important criteria in the choice of such materials and products are the low footprint and

environmental impact, the high and easy maintenance, as well as durability, budget, comfort,

safety, and flexibility.

The present paper aims to explore the role of the interior designers and the users in promoting the

concepts of sustainability in interior spaces, by the proper choice of materials and design solutions

to preserve the environment and achieve the users' optimal interaction with their surrounding

spaces.

The results show that the process of promoting and enhancing the interior environments with

sustainable materials is a shared responsibility of both interior designers and users. Interior

designers should develop solutions to raise the aesthetic and performance level of sustainable

materials, as well as encouraging the concerned parties (users) to provide materials and furniture

that comply with the concepts of reuse and recycling, to finally raise the level of environmental

sustainability of interior spaces, and achieve the health and wellbeing of occupants, building a

better and more sustainable future.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012035

1.34 The role of social sustainability in reviving heritage buildings in the city of

Baghdad after crises

Halah Issa Fadhil and Ammar Salih Ashour

Abstract: Heritage buildings are an important part of human achievement and city memory, as well

as being a cornerstone of the cultural heritage of societies. The City of Baghdad has a rich legacy

of heritage buildings that represent various historical periods, which the city has gone through and

reflect a place identity and its local communities. These buildings have suffered from cognitive

negligence, their importance and poor maintenance during the past decades, as well as the

demolitions of many parts of them and their exposure to various types of deterioration, especially

during and after the conflicts and crises that the city of Baghdad has gone through. This research

explains the role of social sustainability in reviving the heritage of the existing buildings in the

City of Baghdad, in particular after crises times. It also discusses the role of social sustainability,

based on activities, in revitalising the heritage of buildings by generating new human activities in

and around these buildings; this can improve the communication between the social groups and

influence their spatial distribution and interaction around the buildings and thus explore buildings'

identity. The aim of this study is to identify appropriate strategies of social sustainability relied on

creative new human activities achieved the revival and restoration local cultural identities of the

buildings' heritage. Methods were included the study case approach, Lynch building in Al-Rashid

Street, and applying a set of new creative human activities to meet the revitalization. Findings have

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012035


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

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concluded a clear development for urban development, based on sustainable social patterns of

human activities, that enhance the physical, spatial, and cultural identities of buildings' heritage.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012036

1.35 Hydraulic Characteristics of Flow over Submerged Dams

Fatin Mahmoud Shehab and Sulaiman Dawood Jasim

Abstract: This study investigates the hydraulic characteristics of two types of submerged dams,

where a standard submerged dam and another one supported by an oblique plane with an angle of

(16°) constructed with the channel surface. A total of 30 experiments were carried out and 5

discharges for each of the above models were tested. The changes in Froude number (Fr), the

length of the hydraulic jump, the distance of the hydraulic jump away from the origin (Dj) in

addition to the comparison of the percentage of flow dissipation of energy for the two cases have

been studied. The results showed have been indicate a significant changes in the length values of

the hydraulic jump (Lj), the distance of the hydraulic jump from the origin (Dj), in addition an

increase in the percentage of flow dissipation (E%) when adding the oblique plane to the

submerged dam. The two models have been verified based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics

to evaluate values for the required variables(E%, Lj, Dj,...) then theoretical and practical results

are compared to show the agreement between them. the obtained results exhibit a good

compatibility for most cases, especially for the first model where the compatibility ratio of the

discharge and the rate of flow dissipation is up to 95% for the standard submerged dam. A

compatibility of 97% also has been obtained for the relation between Froude number (Fr) and

percentage of flow dissipation E (%) between theoretical and practical laboratory calculations of

the above model.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012037

1.36 Performance of Thermally Insulated Reinforced Concrete Beams

Strengthened with Near-Surface Mounted-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Strips under Elevated Temperature

Ikram Ameen Saeed, Tareq. S. Al-Attar, Basil. S. Al-Shathr and Riadh. Al-Mahaidi

Abstract: This paper investigated the performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with

near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) smooth and rough strips

using cement based adhesive and insulated with plasterboards for protection the beams subjected

to high temperature. An experimental work was carried out on ten large scale RC strengthened

beams and strengthened insulated beams. The experimental program subject the strengthened

beams to high temperature degrees up to 600 °C in electric furnace and observe changes after

beams been heated. Results showed that the plasterboards provided excellent protection and

decreased the CFRP temperature of about 42-24%. The insulated beams behaved as good as that

of strengthened beams prior to expose to 600°C.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012038

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012036

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012037

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012038


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

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2 Structural, Geotechnical Engineering

2.1 Analysis of Steel Multi-storey Building Subjected to Halabja Earthquake

Loading

Aymen R. Mohammed, Ghusoon S. Al-Qaisee and Bushra Rashid

Abstract: The multi-storey steel building widely used due to its light gravity loads that is very

useful for regions of low soil bearing capacity. Also easy of manufacturing and erecting make it a

right choice comparing with other structures. In the last years, the Halabja earthquake may

classifieds as the largest base excitation that causes a rapid change in the Iraqi seismic map.

Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the steel building behaviour under Halabja

earthquake loading using a non-linear time history analysis and comparing the results with those

obtained from linear static analysis depending to the ISC 1997 and the modern seismic standard

ISC 2017. A non-linear analysis using a time history approach was carried out for varied steel

multi-storey building models. These models were analysed and designed under dead, live, wind

and seismic loads using Staad Pro V8i Software. Results shows that the Iraqi Seismic Code (ISC)

2017 is a good approach to predicting the base shear and the story drift comparing with time history

analysis under Halabja earthquake loading, while the Iraqi Seismic Code (ISC) 1997 seems to be

very conservative approach.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012039

2.2 Structural Performance of Slender RC Columns with Cross and Square-Shaped

under Compression Load

Safaa Qays Abdualrahman and Alaa Hussein Al-Zuhairi

Abstract: The idea of using slender Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns with cross-shaped (+-

shaped) instead of columns with square-shaped was discussed in this paper. The use of +-shaped

columns provides many architectural and structural advantages, such as avoiding prominent

columns edges and improved the structural response of member. Therefore, this study explores the

structural response of slender +-shaped columns experimentally and numerically by nonlinear

finite element analysis using Abaqus simulation tools. The results showed an excellent

convergence in strength between numerical and test results with an average standard deviation of

0.05 and 0.07. Besides that, the use of +-shaped columns led to improve the ultimate strength and

reduce deflections in all stages of loading, especially with the slenderness ratio more than 40, as

compared with square-shaped column. Two design approaches were suggested to evaluate the

ultimate strength of +-shaped columns with different slenderness ratios. Briefly, the results showed

good structural response of +-shaped columns as compared with square-shaped columns, but

further studies are needed to establish the behavior of this type of column, particularly with varying

states of loading.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012040

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012039

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012040


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

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2.3 Experimental Comparative Study of Effect of Different Additive Materials on

Concrete Mix Alkalinity and Heat Generation

Omer Khalid Fayadh, Ola Adel Qasim and Omar Shamal Farhan

Abstract: There are different methods to minimize the evolution of heat in concrete. Since the

cement is the main component that generates heat, the first procedure may be to reduce its

quantities by replacing cement with fine materials that do not release heat during its reaction. This

paper studies the influence of different additives (fly ash, silica fume, and metakaolin) to the

concrete mixture with different ratios of (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30%) by weight of cement, with

different parameters study, were presented, including impact of additives on (compressive strength,

alkalinity, heat of hydration with fixed w/c ratio of 0.35, initial setting time, final setting time and

impact of w/c ratio on heat of hydration with three w/c ratio of (0.3, 0.35 and 0.4)). The water

cementations materials ratio was kept steady at (0.35). The heat of hydration measurement was

carried out under isothermal constrain(25±0.1C°). Thermocouples were utilized to evaluate the

heat of hydration of concrete by stating time from 0 to 24 hours and measured by a thermoelectric

device. Concrete cubes with dimensions 100×100×100 mm for compressive strength test were

used and examined at the time of 28 days, using different mix proportions resulted from different

percentages of cement additives, to perform the compressive strength test. The results revealed

that the Portland cement heat of hydration is retarded in the presence of additives. The decrease in

pH of the concrete mix before casting and molding affects the early hydration and strength but

improves the later age concrete properties.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012041

2.4 Numerical Study of Specially Shaped Slender RC Columns under Compressive

Load

Safaa Qays Abdualrahman and Alaa Hussein Al-Zuhairi

Abstract: In most Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings, the cross-section size of rectangular

columns that conventionally used in these structures is larger than the thickness of their partitions.

Consequently, a part of the column is protruded out of the wall which has some architectural

disadvantages. Reducing the column size by using high strength concrete will result in slender

column, thus the stability problem may be occurred. The stability problem is difficult to be

overcome with rectangular columns. This paper study the effectiveness of using new types of

columns called Specially Shaped Reinforced Concrete (SSRC) columns. Besides, the use of SSRC

columns provides many structural advantages when compared with traditional rectangular

columns. This research was conducted to study the structural behavior of slender SSRC columns

via nonlinear finite element analysis using Abaqus program. The study based on twenty-four RC

column specimens of the same cross-sectional area and different shapes and Slenderness Ratios

(SR). The results showed that the use of SSRC columns led to improve the strength by about 12%

and reduce deformations as compared with the square-shaped specimen. However, the columns

individually exhibited almost the same trend of decreasing the strength with increasing in SR. In

general, a maximum loss in strength of about 10% was found when the SR increased to 40 and 35%

for columns with SR of 80. Two design approaches were proposed to evaluate the strength of

SSRC columns under concentric loading. The results obtained show a good structural response of

SSRC columns as compared with square-shaped columns.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012041


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

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https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012042

2.5 Effects of Opening on Load Carrying Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Slabs:

Analytical Study

Waleed Khalid Hadi and Majid Muttashar

Abstract: Most often cut an opening/s in existing concrete slab is essential because of late design

requirements. The shape and size of the openings should be chose carefully. While experimental

investigation and finite element analysis are difficult to conduct by field engineers, developing a

simplified analytical method is important. This study presents an analytical method to examine the

effect of opening on the area load capacity of square and rectangular slabs. Two factors were

involved in the analysis to take in the account the shape of the slab and the opening. The aspect

ratio between the long and short dimensions of slab mentioned by the variable (β), while the aspect

ratio between the dimensions of opening is mentioned by the variable (α). The results show that

openings have a significant effect on the area load capacity of concrete slabs. In addition, square

openings have less effect on the load capacity of rectangular slabs, whereas, rectangular openings

have a significant effect on the area load capacity of square slabs. Field engineers can use the

presented equations in this study easily and effectively where an opening is required in an existing

slab.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012043

2.6 Estimation and Analysis of Costs for Electrical Power Transmission Lines in

Iraqi Projects

Wadhah A. Hatem and Kadhim R. Erzaij

Abstract: With the increased demand for energy and lack of organised strategies in the generation

sector, the challenges in this sector in Iraq still negatively affect macro-economic aspects. It is

necessary to support the infrastructure of the electrical industry to cover any rising energy demands

and the required related transfer process to reliably meet consumer demands. In this paper, the cost

of energy-line transfer elements was considered with the aim to optimise the cost of capital. As

the majority of economic energy studies have found, power transmission lines that use project

management methodologies and scientific predictions for cost achieved reasonable financial

savings in capital costs. Improving the process of designing and planning electrical power

transmission lines is a complex issue due to diverse factors affecting the established costs. The

primary goal of this study is to prepare a cost model of electrical Iraqi projects, including the local

required factors related to the implementation costs based on the intensive review of the design

areas of power transmission lines and the challenges of erecting and operating these lines. The

possible steps and computation model are established to overcome the calculation challenges,

where procedures are suitable to the terrain and the local requirements for economic transportation

lines.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012044

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012042

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012043

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012044


2020, Baghdad, Iraq

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2.7 Experimental and finite element analysis study of die geometrical affect the

forming load during extrusion process

Jalil J. Shukur and Adil Sh. Jaber

Abstract: The effect of extrusion parameters on the extrusion of A1100 pure aluminum was

investigated with the aid of numerical methods. With this regard, the process parameters, three die

angles (15°,30°, 45°), and three forming velocities (1,2,3 mm/min) were studied. Besides, the

experimental results were analyzed using the finite element analysis (FEA) using ANSYS 16. All

the experimental and numerical results were compared to each other and it was concluded from

the results that the effect of die geometry on the forming load is more dominant than forming

velocity. In addition, it was observed that the increase in the extrusion speed causes a significant

increase in the forming load for all die angles.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012045

2.8 Crashworthiness behavior of aircraft sandwich structure with honeycomb core

under bending load.

S E Sadiq, S H Bakhy and M J Jweeg

Abstract: Sandwich structures have been widely used as lightweight composite parts in the

aerospace and shipbuilding engineering for their high capacity of stiffness, strength and energy

absorption. There are three different criteria in bending crashworthiness for sandwich structure,

namely peak bending load, maximum deflection and energy absorption. In this paper, the

crashworthiness criteria of sandwich structure were evaluated theoretically and numerically based

on failure mode maps. A failure mode map for the loading under three-point bending was

constructed, depicting the reliance of the failure mode and the load upon the ratio of the skin

thickness to the span length and the relative density of honeycomb. The finite element models for

the sandwich panel with a honeycomb core were developed and analyzed via Ansys soft-ware

package. The obtained result elucidated a good agreement between these models and the

theoretical solution, where the error ratio was not exceeded 5%.To explore the effect of honeycomb

parameters on the crashworthiness criteria of sandwich structure, several parameters have been

selected, including the core height, the size of cell and the thickness of cell wall. In order to obtain

the optimum solution of crashworthiness, Design of Experiment (DOE) software with the

technique of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used. Results showed that the optimum

value of peak bending load (25310 N) as maximum, deflection as minimum (0.8976 mm) and

energy absorption as maximum (9.9949 J) were found at 29.2424 mm core height, 5 mm cell size

and 1 mm cell wall thickness. Finally, the present study provides a new basis for more studies

upon the optimization of the crashworthiness of sandwich structures.

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3 Mechanical Engineering

3.1 Path Planning Optimization of a Mobile Robot based on Intelligence Algorithm

Tahseen Fadhel Abaas and Alaa Hassan Shabeeb

Abstract: Motion planning is an important topic for researchers working in the field of autonomous

robots, it finds an optimal feasible path from start to target point with avoiding the collision, this

paper aims to improve motion planning of mobile robot by particle swarm optimization as a

method for finding the collision-free optimal path. The objectives considered in this research for

optimization are optimal static navigation path with taking into consideration the affect population

size on performance for the algorithm to find the optimal path through various environments with

population sizes 100, 80, 40, 20. The simulate and evaluate the proposed algorithm proved no

strong affected to population size parameter on the optimal path length and its points, hence we

can use a small population size for the minimum time in finding the optimal path between start

point to goal point with colliding avoidance.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012047

3.2 Numerical and experimental study for assessment the effect of baffles in a

grooved cavity

Aya H. Yasin and Nabil J. Yasin

Abstract: The present study is concentrated on the effect of using baffles (as abstraction means) in

a cavity to enhance the heat transfer. For this purpose, an experimental and numerical study was

carried out. In the experimental study, a test rig consists of a groove rectangular duct and square

baffle at three different positions at the top wall with a constant heat flux applied at the bottom

wall was built up and used. In the numerical study, mesh generation and finite volume analysis

were performed using Ansys. 18 with (k-ε Relazabel) turbulent model to calculate the pressure

drop, temperature, and heat transfer rate. The study was concentrated on the effect of baffle

position, and number for the range of Reynolds number (4000-16000) and Grashof's number

between (107-108) using air with (Pr=0.7) as a working fluid. The results show that inserting a

square baffle at the right position of the cavity leads to increasing of Nusselt number by (73%)

comparing to that cavity with no baffles and (60%), (67%) with that at left and center position for

the baffle. Comparing numerical and experimental shows a good agreement between them with a

maximum deviation (12%), also a close agreement notice when comparing the present results with

some of the previous works.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012048

3.3 Novel Wall-Climbing Robot Capable of Transitioning and Perching

S K Mahmood, S H Bakhy and M A Tawfik

Abstract: The main restriction facing wall climbing robots WCRs during travelling is the

adaptation to specific type of surfaces. In general, the applications of climbing robots have been

grown with their ability to deal with various surfaces. Motivated by this realization, this paper

presents an innovative design of propeller-type climbing robot, where it can work on different

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types of surfaces. Also this work includes a comprehensive survey of propeller-type wall climbing

PRWCR, where the robots of related works are analyzed in order to provide the required

background to evaluate the major advantages and shortcomings of the current work. The proposed

robot has two ground navigation modes; these modes supported two different ground-wall

transitioning scenarios. To overcome the limitation on power source, the mission life was extended

by proposing perching mechanism. The real climbing robot is manufactured, and the experiments

are conducted in this research in order to check the robot performance.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012049

3.4 Experimental and numerical investigations for turbulent air flow characteristics

of circular orifice plate

N Abed, H F Hassan, Amer Al-Damook and W H Khalil

Abstract: The present work describes the airflow characteristics upstream and downstream of the

circular orifice numerically using the standard k-ε model and RSM and experimentally employing

hot-wire and Pitot tube devices to measure the flow velocities through a tube. An expectation has

to bear in mind; the RSM performed well and predicted results in a good level of agreement against

the experimental measurements found in preceding studies and the present experimental data as

well. In terms of flow physics point of view, velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distribution are

presented. Moreover, turbulent viscosity, Reynolds stresses (u2, v2, w2) are also considered.

Furthermore, the contours of velocity, static pressure and turbulent kinetic energy are presented

beside the wall shear stress and y+ profiles are illustrated to show the flow physics as well as to

compare the results of two different turbulence models considered in this study employing

Reynolds of 30000 and the ratio of orifice diameter to the pipe diameter of 0.5.

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012051

3.5 Four Earing's Prediction in Deep Drawing of AISI 1008 Steel Sheet Conical

Product

Muhsin J. Jweeg, Adnan I. Mohammed and Mohammed S. Jabbar

Abstract: Earing is a phenomenon that appears in deep drawing of parts produced using this

process because of the anisotropic material properties. Most of, recent theories didn't fully employ

the mechanical materials properties, and ears number achieved depends on the FE simulation

approaches. To anticipate the ears form issue in conical parts of AISI 1008 steel sheet deep drawing,

in this work a new method is used to predict the earing formation during deep drawing. This

method proposed combines the yielding limits and anisotropy r-values of the material to determine

Hill48 yield criterion variables using several conical angles with several punch velocities. Equation

for the value of yielding and anisotropy index for different orientation is used. AISI 1008 steel

sheet is used as a case in this work, the zone of deformation or blank is partitioned radially to equal

parts according to the anisotropic behavior. Hill48 yield function constants solved based on the

material yielding point and anisotropy index together for the parallel deformed regions. A

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simulation using FE software for the process on the base of this method is executed to compare it

results of lab work. and it noticed that Increasing speed may contribute slightly in decreasing the

severity of anisotropy effect and this can be explained the process propagate the material need time

to flow and if the speed increase this lead to increasing in strain hardening of the material[m].

Increasing die angle shows that the different between the highest point to lowest point in the cup

edge may increase. This work produces a conductive and dependable way to anticipate the forms

of earing during cup drawing, which will have positive effective in manufacturing implementations

and numerical outcomes and shows high agreement with lab work.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012051

3.6 Design and Implementation of Asymmetric Extrusion Die Using Bezier

Technique

Aqeel Sabree Bedan, Khalida kadhim Mansor, Kany Kamaran Anwer and Hanan Hikmat Kadhim

Abstract: Extrusion is a process that used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile. A

material is pushed through a die of the desired cross-section. The main advantage of this process

with respect to other manufacturing processes is its ability to create very complex cross-sections,

while the limitation of extrusion process is used to produced just a symmetric profile so this paper

proposed an adopted algorithm that used to design and implementation the Asymmetric extrusion

die that used to prevent the twisting that caused in metal when used to produce the Asymmetric

product, and in other wise reduce the total extrusion power and die pressure distribution on metal

during extrusion process. This adopted design was implemented in this work using Teflon material

in both symmetric and asymmetric profile using CNC milling machine to demonstration the

success of this algorithm.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012052

3.7 Forming of Aluminum Foam Sandwich Panels

Weaam Adil Hassan, Hani Aziz Ameen and Haidar Akram Alsabti

Abstract: In this study, aluminum foam was fabricated using sintering and dissolution process

(SDP). Aluminum powder with a particle size (2.88μm) prepared as a raw material was mixed

with NaCl with a particle size between (150-800μm) used as a space holder at different ratio (30,

40, 50 and 60) wt. % and compacted at 200 MPa followed by sintering at 650° C for 2 hrs. The

sintered samples were placed into hot water for 10 hrs to dissolve NaCl particles. Uniaxial

compression test was carried out to determine the foam structure influence on plastic deformation

and the damage in the Al foam. It has been using optical microscope, Energy Dispersive

Spectrometry (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) to investigate the pores. The

properties of Al-foam were improved by extrusion process. The foam porosity is increased from

(35%) to (41%).It was found that the extrusion process formed isolated pores with thicker walls

than cell walls with interconnected pores to expand the use of foamed aluminum for application.

EDS investigated that the ratio of NaCl is decreased after extrusion process for the Al-foam. SEM

observed the distance between the pores of Al-foam is decreased after extrusion process.

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3.8 Effect of the Location of Draw Bead and Its Profile in Cylindrical Cup Forming

Narmeen Zuhair Hussein, Hani Aziz Ameen and Ali Hassan Saleh

Abstract: The effect of draw bead on the production of cylindrical cup in deep drawing process

three metal (aluminum, brass, steel). The draw bead is designed by Bezier curve's equation that

play an important role in prevent occurrence of wrinkling especially with improved aluminum,

because that's only lubricant is passed with aluminum, when compared it with without draw bead,

it is noticed that the maximum drawing force will increase due to lubricant. It can be concluded

that in deep drawing with draw bead the wax has used us a lubricant, be better compared to without

draw bead for AL, good agreement is evident between ANSYS(18) and experimental work.

comparing between deep drawing with draw bead and without the energy required to complete

drawn when using draw bead is more than without draw bead, The aims of this paper to predict

the wrinkling and thinning (necking) and to study the influence of using draw bead on the thickness

distribution along the cup, so the hoop strain distribution along the blank is more uniform for using

draw bead and thickness strain with & without using draw bead, is about 0.17% in thinning for

brass with it and 0.20% in thickening to steel without it.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012054

3.9 Analysis of Forming Complex Cup by Drawing Process

Adnan I. Mohammed

Abstract: This paper aims to design and construct a deep drawing dies to produce a complex cup

with eight vertices with the major diameter (41.5 mm) and the minor diameter (34.96 mm) and

length (30 mm) using numerical simulation and experimental. Also, intended to study the influence

of forming method on drawing load, distribution of thickness, and distribution of stress and strain

along the wall of the cup were investigated. Two forming methods were used to accomplish this

research. The first forming method, which is called the direct forming method in which the

complex shape is performed by drawing the circular blank metal. The second forming method is

called the converting method, in which the cylindrical cup is redrawn into a complex cup. The low

carbon steel sheets (1008-AISI) of the thickness (0.7 mm) and diameter (80 mm) were utilized in

this research. ANSYS Workbench 18.0 software in 3-D modeling was utilized to simulate the

drawing processes. The results appear that the maximum punch load was with the first forming

method (the complex cup is done by drawing the circular blank metal) and higher than the

maximum punch load that occurred with the second forming method. The maximum thinning at

cup curvature was subjected to the complex cup produced by the first method, especially in areas

of convex and concave and more than the complex cups produced by the second forming method.

The second forming method is the best method to produce a complex cup with the less thinning at

cup curvature and more regular thickness, stress, and strains distribution.

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3.10 Evaluation of Using the Ceiling and Wall Spots Ventilation System on Indoor

Thermal Environment

Wisam A. M. Al-Shohani, Ahmed Qasim Ahmed, Ahmed Jawad Khaleel, Hassan J. Dakkama and Tareq Hamid

Fayyad

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to enhance the local comfortable zone for the occupants in a

small office room. The ceiling spot ventilation (CSV) system and the wall spot ventilation (WSV)

system are proposed and investigated numerically to show the influence of these systems on the

local thermal comfort and energy demand. Three different amounts of airflow rate are used in this

investigation. A CFD model is employed to explain the behavior of indoor airflow and temperature

distribution in each case study. The results show that, when using these systems as a main

ventilation system will reduced the demand on fresh air and this will reduce the required load on

cooling coil and saving more energy. Also, the results revealed that the wall spot ventilation (WSV)

was provided a required local indoor thermal environment air for the occupant zone. Therefore,

using this system will provide a comfortable local environment and enhance the air velocity

distribution as well as saving more energy.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012056

3.11 Microstructure and phase analysis of brazing bonds for stainless steel (AISI

316L and 431) to carbon steel (A516 G70) using a Ni–Si–B filler metal alloy

Moussa A. Ahmed, Fadhil A. Hashim and Abdul Mohsin N. Al-Mohaisen

Abstract: Investigation the mechanism of brazing stainless steels (Austenitic stainless steel type

316L and martensitic stainless steel type 431) similar and dissimilar and also brazing them with

carbon steel type A516 grade 70 to see the difference in bonding phases, the five specimen were

brazed with Ni base filler metal with (4.5% Si and 3.2% B) using a furnace with protected gas

(pure Argon) at constant holding time 10 min. The optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

are used to study the joint microstructure, also the interdiffusion of the elements was examined by

energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDS). While the reaction phases are identified by x-ray

diffraction (XRD). The brazed joints showed continuous bonding between the filler alloy and the

substrate, indicating to good wetting between the surfaces. EDS line and mapping scan shows The

Nickel element which it's at the filler metal alloy will be goes into the interface almost, because

the stainless steels sides can handle it, also Cr element. While Si element will concentrate at the

bond zone, finally Fe element Transfer through brazing zones easy. XRD test reveals that the

bonding zone of the five specimen shows more the six types of phases which are Ni-Cr-Fe, Cr-Ni-

Fe-C, SiC, Fe2B, Cr2B, and Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012057

3.12 Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Shot-Peening and Solidification

Effects on the Endurance Limit of Composite Material

Fadhel Abbas Abdulla

Abstract: This work studied experimentally and numerically the effect of the shot-peening on the

properties of fatigue of composite materials during the solidification period of composite material.

Different two type of composite material have been investigated, woven (matt) reinforcement E-

fiber glass with matrix epoxy resin, the second type made from random reinforcement E-fiber glass

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with matrix epoxy resin. Different shot peening times and also different times of solidification

have been studied in this work. The experimental work includes calculating the mechanical

properties (modulus of elasticity and the ultimate tensile stress) using the tensile test, also

calculating the fatigue stress using the fatigue test. The numerical verification was done using

ANSIS\ Workbench.15 to obtain the S-N curves of the composite material. The result shows, the

best enhancement in fatigue strength had been 95% and 33.78% for matt reinforcement material

and random reinforcement material respectively, both types have the best improvement at 6

minutes shot peening time (SPT) and on two days of solidification. The numerical verification

shows an agreement with the experimental results of the S-N curves, in which the maximum

percentage error between the experimental and numerical results does not exceed 12 % and 15.12%

for the matt reinforced material and for the random reinforced material respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012058

3.13 Fatigue behavior and fractography in friction stir welding zones of dissimilar

aluminum alloys (AA5086-H32 with AA6061-T6)

Ahmed B Mousa, Muna K Abbass and S K Hussein

Abstract: Dissimilar aluminum alloys of AA5086-H32 with AA6061-T6 were welded by friction

stir welding method using three different values of linear and rotating speed; V = 50, 75 and 90

mm/min., N = 680, 920 and 1500RPM. Tensile test was used to determine the efficiency of welded

samples. The microstructure, hardness, XRD analysis and fatigue tests were studied for the welded

sample with the highest tensile strength. The fatigue test was studied in the welding and the nearby

region at a distance of x=5, 10 and 15 mm from the welding line. The fractured fatigue surface

was analyzed using SEM. The welding speed used has an effect on the efficiency of the welded

samples where the maximum welding efficiency (82%) was obtained at N = 680 and V = 75

mm/min. The microstructural analysis indicated that there is a significant elongation and bending

in the grains of the thermo-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) in the advance side (AA5086-H32)

of the weld compared to the retreating side (AA6061-T6). The results of XRD and EDS indicated

that there is no transition of phases between the two alloys. The maximum value of hardness was

at the weld line and started to decrease away from it, hence the values of hardness at the advance

side was higher compared to the retreating side. Fatigue strength of the welded samples was less

than the wrought alloys.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012059

3.14 Effect of sliver filler metal alloy on bonding structure for brazing Ni270 to

Ductile cast iron

Abbas F. Looty, Fadhil A. Hashim and S K Hussein

Abstract: Diffusion brazing mechanism of two dissimilar alloys Ni 270 and Ductile cast iron(DCI)

by BAg-5 and BAg-7 filler metal with bonding time of 10 min was investigated. Shear strength

test was performed to evaluate mechanical properties. The bonding phase for joining side nickel

by using the two type of filler metal alloy BAg-5 and BAg-7 is the NiCu phase with shear strength

about 70 Mpa, and the bonding phase for joining side ductile cast iron by using the two type of

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filler metal alloy BAg-5 and BAg-7 is the Fe3Si and SiC phase with shear strength about 40 Mpa.

The joining of nickel 270 plate and ductile cast iron by using BAg-5 filler metal alloy shows an

Eutectic structure at the middle of filler zone, which lead to great affinity between nickel element

with copper. The optimum shear strength of 43 MPa was achieved for the bond made by BAg-7

filler metal.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012060

3.15 Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties development with

Ti, Cr, or Ni addition for low carbon steel butt joints

Naseer M Abbas, Ayad Khudhair Al-Nadawi and Kharia S Hassan

Abstract: Welding is one of the most important industrial process, therefore many practical

techniques are developed to obtain an efficient and cost effective welding for different kind of

metals. In this research, the microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of welded

joints using TIG welding were studied for 1020 AISI low carbon steel. Titanium, Chromium, or

Nickel powder were added to the welded joint one at a time by paste it with paraffin wax in the

form of a thin layer. The welds were conducted and tested, then results were compared with and

without adding Ti, Cr, or Ni metal powder. The welding process was done at a constant DC current

(200 Amps. and 20 Volts) using weld filler metal type ER70S-3. Tests results showed that the

tensile strength of the welded joint without adding metal powders was approximately 2% higher

than the tensile strength of the base metal. Additionally, the tensile strength enhanced by

approximately 27%, 21%, and 2% for Titanium, Nickel, and Chromium metal powder addition to

the welded joints respectively. The bending strength values for all welded joints were also higher

than the base metal. Furthermore, the hardness values were increased in the welded zone for all

specimens. This can be attributed to the difference in the behavior of each metal powder at high

temperature. The obtained results provide an experimental reference for the development of a new

welding technique. It can be used in practical welding applications to obtain the desired properties

using a suitable metal powder or a combination of them.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012061

3.16 Joining of Double Pre-Holed Aluminum Alloy AA6061-T6 to Polyamide PA

using Hot Press Technique

Osamah Sabah Barrak, Mursal Luaibi Saad, Marwan T. Mezher, Sabah Khammass Hussein and Mahmood

Mohammed Hamzah

Abstract: The objective of this work is using a hot press technique to join a hybrid structure of

aluminum alloy AA6061-T6 sheet of 1mm thickness together with polyamide PA sheet of 2mm

thickness. The aluminum alloy specimen was pre-holed with two holes of 5mm diameter. The

joining process was carried out with a lap joint configuration. Three different process parameters

of the joining process were used: temperature (164, 172 and180°C), pressure (4, 7 and 10 bar) and

time (1, 2.5 and 4 min.). The joints were tested by a shear test, macrostructure and scanning

electron microscope (SEM) inspection. The design of the experiments (DOE) method was used to

analysis the effect of the process parameters on the joint shear force. The DOE optimized the shear

force of the joint with a maximum value of 1565 N at 177.5°C 4bar and 3.5min. The SEM

examination indicated that the joining mechanism occurred by re-solidified the PA through the

internal surface of the aluminum hole.

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https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012062

3.17 Gait Cycle Ground Reaction Force Measurement Using Piezoelectric Sensor

Attached to Shoe-Insole System

Ammar I Kubba and Ahmed A Ameen

Abstract: This study presents a wearable system that mainly consisted of piezoelectric sensors,

filter circuit and data logger in order to measure the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and

study its profile. The proposed system establishes base information to improve the portable gait

analysis systems and make them easier in use also to be able to get more outdoor data. The

experiments were done by a young healthy person without physical disabilities or nervous

disorders and the experimental protocol was explained to the participant before the performing.

The experiment involved the walking with self-selected speed along 15 meter track of paved

ground. The system was set on (200 Hertz) sampling rate in order to achieve the required data

resolution. The produced information was about the events of the gait cycle (Heel-Strike, Stance,

Heel-Off and Swing) and their durations also for the VGRF profile of each step and stride which

compared with the VGRF profile of force plate. The results of VGRF of sensorinsole system

clarified a high similarity with the VGRF produced by force plate system. Despite the system

having many features, there are some limitations which can be avoided after improving the system.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012063

3.18 Building A Computerize System for Controlling and Monitoring

Manufacturing Operations Based on Statistical Quality Control

Omar Hashim Hassoon, Batool Ibrahim and Baraa Albaghdadi

Abstract: Statistical process control techniques are extensively used to describe statistics dada to

monitor and satisfy the specifications of product and process. This approach capable to decide the

amount of the variations in the case of frequent mistakes of the production process. Consequently,

this approach can be monitored the production process and keep sure that the production locates

inside this acceptable range and indicate directly that the process became under control. This

means that the SPC considered an active method to monitor, examine and control variation in

processes. In this paper, a computerized system is constructed to determine the manipulate charts

and process capability which representing the predominant tool to monitor the rotational

mechanical parts product machined by turning machine. A critical quality characteristic (variables)

used in the work is dimensions to be measure and examining this process.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012064

012065

3.19 Iraqi gasoline performance at low engine speeds

Mohammed Kadhim Allawi, Mohanad Kadhim Mejbel and Mahmood Hasan Oudah

Abstract: Four grades of gasoline fuel – obtained from Iraqi oil refineries – are used in this research

to investigate their performance in spark-ignition (SI) engines. These grades are RON 77, RON

82, RON 87, and RON 93. We used a four-stroke, four-cylinder SI engine laboratory rig to conduct

the experiments and calculate the engine performance for each gasoline grade. We compared the

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experimental results with the predicted numerical simulations carried out using a well-known

commercial software called Lotus Engine Simulation (LES). The numerical results obtained using

LES show good agreement with experimental findings. A higher gasoline grade shows better

engine performance than lower grades owing to its superior quality and purity, better combustion

characteristics and performance, and lower amount of gasoline inclusions. Gasoline fuel RON 93

provided the best engine performance in comparison to the remaining grades. The variation

between the numerical and experimental results in all tested conditions was below 3%.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012065

3.20 Joining of Aluminium Alloy AA6061-T6 to PVC Polymer by Friction Stir

Lap joining Process

K A Mohammed, S K Hussein and A H Khuder

Abstract: The aim of this research is to join sheets of aluminium alloy AA6061-T6 of 1.5 mm

thickness with polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) of 4 mm thickness by a friction lap technique.

Drill holes of 3, 4 and 5 mm were produced in the AA6061 specimens and a lap joint arrangement

was set up with the PVC sheet. Six parameters were used in this technique: hole diameter, tool

diameter, number of holes, rotating speed, linear speed, and tool plunging depth. The shear test

results at the holes were analyzed by a Minitab program with the aid of the Taguchi method. IR

thermometer was used to measure the temperature distribution at the joint. The results indicated

that all the samples failed with shearing the PVC at the aluminium hole without dislocation the

polymer. The maximum shear force is 1850N. The joint shear force increased by increasing the

plunging depth and rotation speed of the tool and decreased by increasing the hole numbers and

diameter of the aluminium specimen. The hole diameter beside the rotating and the linear speed

exhibited the highest effect on the joint shear strength. The developed temperature during the

joining process was an effective parameter on the joints quality. The SEM tests indicated that the

joining between the aluminium and polymers occurred by a mechanical interlocking at the

common surfaces.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012066

3.21 Strength of resistance spot welding of aluminum alloy AA6061 to carbon steel

using different filler materials

A A Al-Filfily, A S Al-Adili and M H Sar

Abstract: Resistance spot welding is a process in where contacting metal surfaces for similar or

dissimilar materials are joined by heat generated from resistance to electric current. Carbon steel

and aluminum alloy A6061 sheets were welded by using resistance spot welding method in two

stages with and without filler materials where copper and zinc were implemented as fillers, where

those two materials, particularly the former, has acceptable affinity, therefor better wettability, to

both welded metals. The characteristics of weld joint were investigated by measuring the effect of

welding current and time on the nugget size and tensile shear strength of the weldment. The results

showed that the welding current has an incremental influence on both the nugget size and tensile

shear strength for the two cases studied. Also, the results revealed that the copper filler increases

the strength of the weldments more than the zinc filler, which is attributed of higher affinity of the

copper to both metals. The joint with the maximum tensile shear strength of 47 kN/m2 is obtained

at the condition of 15 kA welding current for copper filler and 40 kN/m2 is obtained at the condition

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of 13 kA. The thickness of interfacial reaction layer decreased from central joints region to the

surrounding area.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012067

3.22 Improvement of Corrosion and Erosion Resistance Properties for Cast Iron

Muslim Ali, Iqbal Alshalal, Faten N. Al Zubaidi and Ali R. Yousif

Abstract: Cast iron is considered a very common material for manufacturing applications due to

its low cost, easy casting and high stress compression sustains. One of the obstacles in the

application of cast iron are the corrosion and erosion phenomena which limits using the cast iron

in certain applications. To improve the resistance rate of cast iron to corrosion and erosion.

Chromium material had been added to the gray cast iron as a function of weight with different

ratios to check which ratio is perfect to increase its resistance. The effect of corrosion and erosion

on cast iron was investigated experimentally with and without chromium additives on the

resistance of gray cast iron with and without chromium additive. Results showed that the

mechanical properties increased with the increase of the chromium ratio in the four cases in general

to minimize the risk of material destruction from erosion-corrosion.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012068

3.23 Effect of Heat Treatment on Toughness and Fatigue Behavior Strength of

Steel CK45

Haitham M Ibrahim Al-Zuhairi, Asaad Khudhair Hamza, Bahaa Sami Mahdi and Hussain J M Al-Alkawi

Abstract: The function of the axle drive shaft is to transfer the engine torque from the gearbox or

differential gear to the wheels. It must also endure for all dynamic loads resulted from variations

in angle or length during driving from contact the vehicle tire with road. Most problems with the

axle drive shaft manifest themselves in the form of knocking noises when driving around tight

corners, accelerating, or when the suspension is being compressed and extended where the drive

shaft becomes weakened and more subject to stress failure due to dynamic torsion, tensile, shear,

and compression. This work consists of effect of heat treatment type applied to the steels CK45 on

the resulted behavior of the fatigue and toughness and study of these heat treatments on the

microstructure and micro-hardness across the specimens depth. Where this heat treatable alloy

usually used in drive-shafts in vehicles which exposed to a dynamic loads and the goal is to

investigate the best relation between heat treatment and the service conditions. However,

microstructural characterization and microhardness measurements revealed that the shaft belongs

to medium carbon steel contains ferrite and pearlite, measuring the toughness for four heat

treatments to obtain the best case and measuring the fatigue life of quenching case has better life

compared to other cases. The oil quenching gives best toughness value of 30 Kj/m2 and the worst

value obtained for as received one giving 7 Kj/m2 and the maximum fatigue life under stress of

375 MPa belonged to oil quenching treatment and it was 75000 cycles to failure while the as-

received alloy reported 2000 cycles at failure. The S-N curve of the four cases based on Basquin

formula with correlation factor (R2) close to one. And the water quenching steel alloy recorded

higher curve component to other cases.

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3.24 Numerical stress analysis for single-lap adhesive joint under thermo-

mechanical load using non-linear material

Nawres J Al-Ramahi, Roberts Joffe and Janis Varna

Abstract: A comprehensive stress analysis by means of Finite Element Method (FEM) for single-

lap joint subjected to thermal and mechanical loads is presented in this paper. Simulation is used

to predict the effect of residual thermal stresses (caused by difference of temperature of use and

elevated temperature during the assembly of the joint) on stress distribution within adhesive layer.

The residual thermal stresses are assigned to joint members as initial condition before the

mechanical load is applied. The FEM model employs linear and nonlinear material model and

accounts for geometrical nonlinearity. It is confirmed that the difference between the

manufacturing and the ambient temperature results in high residual thermal stresses, especially in

axial and lateral directions of the joint. The calculation of total stress as superposition of thermal

and mechanical stresses works only for linear materials. Moreover, simultaneous application of

temperature and mechanical load (applied strain in case of displacement controlled test) in FEM

produces inaccurate results, since in real situation the strain is applied to already thermally loaded

structure. It is also found that the residual thermal stresses may reduce the peel and shear stress

concentration in the adhesive at the ends of overlap and the shear stress within the overlap.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012070

3.25 Experimental Investigation of Hold Time Effect on Springback in V-Bending

Sheet Metal Forming Process

Ali Abbar Khleif, Lujain H Kashkool and O H Hassoon

Abstract: Springback is considering as one of the most common problems in metal forming

processes, which poses an inaccuracy of product angle during assembling of parts. The estimation

of the springback is difficult to predict for formed parts, since it depends on many factors such as

the mechanical properties, the sheet thickness and the die angle. In this work, experimental

investigation for different thickness and holding time have been studied and analysed. Samples of

(Aluminium, brass, and C1004 Steel) specimens with 80 mm length, 50 mm width and 2, 3 and

6mm of thickness selected in this study. Using bending die with angle value (730 and 900) pulled

three pieces of each different holding times. Three pieces for each metals were hold with three

times (2, 4, 6 minutes). The results show that in a given thickness configuration, the springback

reduced with increasing of the punch hold time for all thicknesses selected.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012071

3.26 The effects of frequency and amplitude of vibration on the mixing and

segregation processes in granular materials

Bahaulddin D Mahdi and Nadhim M Faleh

Abstract: The mixing and segregation process of almost identical size binary steel-glass mixture

within a vertically vibrated container are investigated in this study. The container is designed to

allow only one layer of granules inside. In this study, the image processing techniques and particles

tracking methods are employed to track the convection flow of granular materials. Six different

amounts of frequency (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 50 Hz) for certain amplitudes are used to study the

effects of miscellaneous vibration conditions on the velocity fields of moving beads. The granular

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bed was divided into three horizontal parts and a separate study was provided for each one. The

discrete-element method and EDEM software are employed for simulating the response of steel

beads under 2D vertical vibration. Good agreements between simulated and experimental results

have been presented in the current work. There are one or two convection cells generated in the

vibrated bed for all tests, and the amount of amplitude was the most important factor in determining

the number of these cells. The heavier particles tend to move toward the convection cells centers

within the container unlike the lighter particles. The average velocity of steel beads increased with

amplitude, while it decreased by increasing the frequency of vibration. In addition, the steel beads

concentration in the middle region of the container increased with the vibration time.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012072

012073

3.27 Improving the Specifications of Floor Coating by adding nanoclay

Seenaa I Hussein

Abstract: In the present study the effect of weight percentage of nanoclay with epoxy resin coating

on mechanical properties (impact strength, hardness, and wear rate), Adhesion test and thermal

properties (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermal expansion coefficient (CTE), the weight

percentage of nano clay at (0,1,3,5,7) wt%, has been investigated. Results indicated, that when

increase the weight ratio of nano clay the value of impact strength increased, hardness and

decreasing wear rate up 5wt%, and at 7 wt% that the impact strength, hardness would be decreased

and wear rate increase due to agglomeration of nano clay. The strength adhesion pull off of the

epoxy coating was 1.76 Mpa, when adding nano clay, improve the adhesion properties of the epoxy

coating at the ratio of 5%. The improved the thermal stability of the nanoclay filled with epoxy

coating. Thermal stability is very important for coating materials.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012073

3.28 Investigation of Friction Stir Welding of AA2024-T4 Thin Sheets for

Industrial Applications

Munaf Hashim Ridha, Sohaib Khlil Alkhazraji and Isam Tareq Abdullah

Abstract: The welding of aluminum alloys thin sheets is a complicated process no matter what the

technology used. A 2024-T4 AL sheets of 1.2mm thickness were welded using stir welding method

and then examined for their mechanical and microstructure characteristics. The process included

the use of specifically designed fixture along with cylindrical tool. Thin sheets welding of

aluminum alloy is a complicated process either in conventional or newly developed methods. In

this approach the friction stirs welding (FSW) is used. Tensile test and microstructure test were

conducted to analyze final product properties. The cylindrical rotating tool was used to create a

joint which is specifically useful in the welding of aluminum alloys in particular. It was found that

All tested samples were defects free. Mechanical properties show that ultimate tensile strength of

samples is below the base metal. Two rotational speed were applied (900 and 1400) rpm with

welding feed rate of (20, 40 and 80) mm/min respectively. The tool has a 1.2mm diameter pin of

1 mm height and 8mm shoulder diameter. A rotation speed of (900) rpm and feed rate of (40)

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mm/min gave the best quality product in which an increase of (72%) in ultimate tensile strength

was observed.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012074

3.29 Experimental and Numerical Study of Radiant Floor Heating Panels

Performance at Different Conditions

Muna S. Kassim, Israa A. Abdulghafor and Husam H. Kadhim

Abstract: Experimental and Numerical Study of Radiant Floor Heating Panels Performance at

Different Conditions View article, Experimental and Numerical Study of Radiant Floor Heating

Panels Performance at Different Conditions PDF, Experimental and Numerical Study of Radiant

Floor Heating Panels Performance at Different Conditions

The performance of radiant floor heating panels with different arrangements in room and different

room air temperatures are investigated experimentally and numerically. In addition to study the

effect of radiant floor heating arrangement on thermal comfort conditions in occupied zone. The

room air and panels temperatures are measured at different heights and locations. The temperature

of supplying hot water fluctuates from 35 to40 °C. The results present that the different radiant

floor heating arrangements effect on thermal comfort while the performance of radiant floor

heating panel is little affected by arrangements. Experimental results appear good agreement with

numerical results.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012075

012076

3.30 The crack displacement prediction of a composite sample by modelling the

mixed mode bending test

Isam Jabbar Ibrahim, Affaan Uthman Moosa and Ali Adel Battawi

Abstract: One of the main failure modes of laminate structures is interfacial failure by interlaminar

failure or debonding. Interlaminar failure can be simulated with a model called cohesive zone

approach A key ingredient of a cohesive zone approach is a traction-separation law that describes

the softening in the crack zone near the tip of interlaminar failure. This simulation utilized the

implementation of a cohesive zone approach with traction-separation laws, which implemented

within the thin elastic layer feature of the Solid Mechanics interface in a COMSOL Multiphysics

analysis software's on a sample of composite material APC-2/AS-4. The capabilities of the

cohesive zone approach to predict mixed mode effect in the beginning and propagation of the crack

are demonstrated in a model of mixed-mode bending test. Both load and displacement are

measured at the crack interface. The maximum load that carried by the sample used was 257.8 N.

Whereas the maximum displacement was 6 mm as a load-displacement curve was shown.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012076

3.31 Experimental Study on Electrodes Types in Electrical Discharge Machining

(EDM) of High-Speedd Steel

Shukry H. Aghdeab, Waqass S. Khudhier and Rasha R. Elias

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Abstract: Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is widespread Nontraditional machining (NTM)

Processes for manufacturing complicated geometry or very hard metals parts that are difficult to

machine by traditional machining operations. Electrical discharge machining is a material removal

rate (MRR) process characterized by using electrical discharge erosion. This paper discusses the

optimal parameters of EDM on high-speed steel (HSS) AISI M2 as a workpiece using copper and

brass as an electrode. The input parameters used for experimental work are Current (10, 24 and 42

A), Pulse duration (100, 150 and 200 µs), and Pulse pause-Time (4,12, and 25 µs) that effect on

the material removal rate (MRR), and Electrode Wear Rate(EWR). A Minitab (17) software

environment to adopt the Full Factorial Method method to analyze the effect of input on the

response of EDM. The results showed that the higher value of MRR and the lower value of EWR

offered via the copper electrode. The most influential factor that effect the process response (MRR,

and EWR) is pulse current.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012077

3.32 Investigating affecting parameters on surface roughness and metal removal

rate in wire electrical discharge machining process

Saad K. Shather and Qussay S. Mahdi

Abstract: This article presents an approach to study the role of cutting factors on surface quality

and material removal rate in (Wire Electrical Discharge Machining) process of O1tool steel. Pulse

duration, pulse pause time and working current were adopted as process parameters while surface

roughness and metal removal rate were the outputs. Three levels of pulse on time have been used

10, 20 and 30 μ sec. while pulse off time was 10, 15 and 20 μ sec. and finally the current was 6, 8

and 10 A while the other parameters kept constant. The experiments showed that increasing pulse

on time will increases metal removal rate and surface roughness, in addition increasing pulse off

time will reduce metal removal rate but improving surface finish. Finally increasing the current

will increase metal removal rate and reduce surface roughness.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012078

3.33 Triple Solutions of Nanoparticle plus Polymer-Surfactant compound for

Enhancing the Drag Reduction Using a Rotational Disk Apparatus

Sajda S Alsaedi, Zainab Y. Shnain, Musaab K. Rashed and P Filip

Abstract: In this paper, the ability of three types of drag reduction agents (DRAs) has been

investigated to assess the impact of adding a small amount part per million (ppm) of polymer and

surfactant, as well as nanoparticle substances, as drag improvers of internal flow via a pipeline

network. The selected DRAs have been tested in the rotating disk apparatus (RDA) at various

concentrations in the range of (50-1200) ppm and various rotating disk velocities in the range of

(50-3000) rpm. Multiple trials have been done to figure out the best substance for enhancing drag

force reduction. Impacts of the shear rate on viscosity (μ) at various concentrations of polymer and

surfactant solutions have been analyzed with rheologic tests. The results detect that all selected

substances have proved to be effective drag improvers in internal flow. Torque values were

decreased with increased DRA concentrations, which caused a significant increase in drag

reduction percentage (%DR). The drag reduction percentage of complex solutions at the highest

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concentration of 1200 ppm, results in around (44-47) % DR. In contrast, the results of the

individual solutions at the same concentration results in around (32-38) % DR.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012079

3.34 Control of vibration by using dynamic vibration absorber

R S Ahmed, K A. Atiyah and I A. Abdulsahib

Abstract: Vibration is one of the most important problems that engineering systems and suspension

systems which negatively affected the performance of the system as it leads to energy loss,

equipment damage, mechanical parts erosion, low product cost and quality. Therefore, many

methods have been studied to reduce the vibrations, and the most important of these methods is

the use of a vibration absorbent. Several different technologies have been used to improve the

performance of adaptation, and the important one from these technologies is the use of smart

materials. The present invention relates to a vibration absorber which an absorber end mass is

coupled to a primary mass from two degrees of freedom, with shape memory alloy (SMA) springs.

Preferably, the end mass is coupled to the primary mass with several discrete SMA springs, which

may be individually heated. When each of the SMA spring is heat above a predetermined

temperature, the SMA material undergoes a phase change that results in a change in the stiffness

of the SMA spring. Experimental and theoretical results have shown that the SMA-based dynamic

vibration absorption is more effective in reducing the vibration amplitude for a wider frequency

range. The range of error does not exceed 20% approximately. Therefore, good agreements

between theoretical and experimental results in 2DOF system are obtained.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012080

3.35 Influence of Al2O3 Nanoparticles Addition to AA6082-T6 on Mechanical

Properties by Stir Casting Technique

Abdullah Dhayea Assi

Abstract: The work aims at investigating the effects of the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticle as an

enhancer on the mechanical characteristics of AA6082-T6 Metal Matrix Nano Composites

(MMNCs) compounds. During the experiment, different weight fractions of Al2O3 nanoparticles

(5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 %) were added to molten AA6082-T6 using stir casting technique (SCT).

Samples were formed at solidification and tested for mechanical properties, including the ultimate

tensile strength (UTS), hardness (BHN), and density (ρ). Furthermore, the samples were evaluated

for Yung's coefficient (E) and yield strength (YS). From the results of the investigations, the

developed method was found successful in ensuring the homogenous dispersion of the

nanoparticles in the MMNCs. Increases in the proportion of the nanoparticles were found to

increase the hardness (18.48%), density (15.89%), UTS (22.95%), Youngs modulus (27%), and

YS (19.86%) while decreased were observed in the ductility (57.14%) as the proportion of the

nanoparticles increases. Finally, Nano Al2O3 molecules were found to be a good material for the

promotion of AA6082-T6 compounds.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012081

3.36 Surface segmentation and reconstruction in reverse engineering

R J Marzoog, A A Alduroobi and S S Al-Zubaidy

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Abstract: Reverse Engineering (RE) is the process by which the geometry of a physical part is

recreated digitally by digitizing and data modification. RE main difficulty is surface reconstruction.

This difficulty increases by increasing part complexity. In this research, a developed reverse

engineering approach has been adopted to create a 3D CAD model for power stern. The approach

begins from the existing and goes through three main steps (scanning, data pre-processing, and

part segmentation and surface reconstruction) and finalize to a readable CAD model. A

mathematical representation for the NURB curve has been created to formalize the edges of

segments then reconstructing plan and tabulated surfaces according to the segment geometry.

Algorithms and computer programs using MATLAB programs have been built to implement the

proposed approach and save the data.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012082

3.37 Mixed Convection Enhancement in a Rectangular Cavity by Triangular

Obstacle

Shaalan Ghanam Afluq, Mohamed Abed Al Abas Siba and Kadhum Audaa Jehhef

Abstract: Numerical modeling analysis of mixed convection heat transfer for air flow in a cavity

with bottom local heat source and top inlet and outlet sections is studied. Also, the cavity equipped

by vertical triangular obstacle on the top wall in order to enhancement the convection inside the

cavity are researched. System of dimensionless stationary Navier-Stokes equations is solved

numerically by discretizing the compositional domain into small grids. Mixed convection regimes

are the viscous incompressible Newtonian fluid with Reynolds number range (800-1400) and the

Grashof number ranged (105-108) and at fixed Prandtl number at (7.1). The pressure, temperature

and velocity distributions characterizing the basic laws of viewed process. The results showed that

the main circulating currents in different zones of the cavity is due to the effect of number of blocks

and the presence vertical triangular obstacle on the top boundary of the cavity. The formation of

thermal conditions in the region under study and the effect of low temperatures above the heated

bottom wall on the circulation fluid flow in a cavity. Distribution pattern established velocity and

temperature profile in centered sections depending on the height of vertical triangular obstacle.

Also, the results showed that the Nusselt number increased by about 26% when increasing the

height ratio of triangular obstacle to (h/H=0.5) with three blocks.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012083

3.38 Design of Sliding Mode Control for Overhead Crane Systems

Emad. Q. Hussein, Ayad Q. Al-Dujaili and Ahmed R. Ajel

Abstract: Overhead cranes are large used structures for lifting and conveying weighty loads. The

design and modelling of imperceptible controllers based on the uncertainty and disturbance

estimator for crane system. In this work, a SMC (Sliding Mode Control) of a crane system is

proposed. The asymptotically stability system is ensured by Lyapunov functions. For validation

of the proposed controller, a comparative study with LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) results

show that both the controllers give satisfactory performance, but the SMC provides better overall

performance. The proposed sliding mode control approach for overhead cranes system has shown

to be more effective, robust and realistic than a LQR controller, and to be able to move cargo safely

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to a destination even in harsh environment. Simulation results of the study prove the favourable of

the proposed controller during the transport of a crane system.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012084

3.39 Evaluation of Green Supply Chain Management Practices Under Uncertainty

Environment: Case Study in The Company for Batteries Industry

Hiam Muhammad Faris and Harith Yarub Maan

Abstract: This work used a model of integrated the fuzzy set theory and Decision-Making Trial

and Evaluation Laboratory to evaluate the green practices that can affect the green supply chain

implementation in battery industry. The integrated fuzzy MCDM model is used to assess the

GSCM performance in company based on green terms: green purchasing, green manufacturing,

reverse logistic. Therefore, using fuzzy DEMATEL method to exploring the relationship between

criteria and factors which affect other factors in GSCM. The hybrid approach presented an

empirical analysis under linguistic preferences for the firm to find the critical practices that affected

the GSCM performance and green practice implementation. The results showed that the economic

performance and the revers logistic are the cause of the low environmental performance of the

company and located in the cause group.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012085

3.40 Effect of Sliding Speed on the Thermal Fields and Frictional Behaviours of

Asbestos-free Frictional Materials Used for Dry Clutch System

Salah Al-Zubaidi, Adolfo Senatore, Oday I. Abdullah and Nicola Scuotto

Abstract: Friction materials are utilized in systems that require explicit contact interaction between

at least two components. The requirement to obtain successful frictions materials (high resistance

for thermal and wear) is very difficult to such an extent that the market for friction devices is about

seven billion dollars for each year. Common applications of the friction materials are automotive

clutches and brakes systems where frictional materials play a significant role in these systems. In

clutch systems, the tribological contact under sliding condition during the engagement maneuver

is strongly affected by the frictional heat generated occurring in the system. Owing to the sliding

between the contacting parts, this will lead to produce the mechanical energy losses, which are

converted in heat with ensuing temperature increase. The magnitude of temperature rise depends

on the complex interaction between frictional characteristics of materials, contact pressure, sliding

speed, thermal properties of contacting materials. During the early stage of engagement of friction

clutch, high energy is dissipated due to slipping between the contact surfaces. Hence, the surface

temperature of the clutch elements is increased due to generated frictional heat. In turn, non-

uniform deformation is produced which influence the pressure distribution and thermal field. In

other word, the contact pressure and high temperatures will be concentrated in small area of the

contact zone that accelerates premature failure of the clutch system. Unfortunately, only few

literature works explore through experiments the influence of temperature and other influent

variables on the frictional behaviour of the clutch facing materials. In this study, the effect of

sliding speed on temperature field and frictional behaviour of ceramic clutch pad was investigated

to find out the safely working zone of dry friction clutch systems.

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3.41 A Simplified Algorithm for Detecting Power Recirculation within 1-Dof

Multi-Entity Planetary Gear Trains

Hamed A. Hussen, Rahman A. Hussain and Essam L. Esmail

Abstract: Because there is power recirculation around internal loops in many transmissions, an

undesirable increase in tooth meshing loss can arise in the system which results in lower efficiency.

A single graph is used to illustrate the power flow magnitudes and directions. A simple formula

for detecting power circulation in one degree of freedom multi-entity parallel-connected planetary

gear trains is developed. In the absence of friction, power recirculation mainly depends on the

speed ratios of the individual entities that constitute the PGT. The main novelty of the current

method is in its extreme simplicity.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012087

3.42 Synthesis and characterization of porous zirconia parts by nonaqueous

electrophoretic deposition technique

A J Salman

Abstract: The technological effect of porous implants in biomedical applications has stepped up

the look for advanced shaping tools. The present work was mostly concerned on create and control

on porosity and surface roughness of zirconia structures that production by electrophoretic

deposition (EPD) technique. Distilled water is utilized in this study to help to create the porosity

and increase the surface roughness by its addition in little amounts to ethanol suspension. The

obtained porous structures were investigated using SEM and AFM analyses. The addition of water

affected the properties of the alcohol suspension, reducing the pH and increasing the dielectric

constant. The results show that even adding a small amount of water to an electrolytic suspension

leads to gas release on the electrode. The resulted zirconia structures showed the 1 ml water

addition was the ultimate value to create uniform pores on the deposited part in the case of 0.5 g

zirconia powder volume.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012088

3.43 Removal of Precious Metals from Electronic-Waste by Using Composite

Material

Raghad Hamid Hilal

Abstract: In this research, in-situ polymerization is used to prepare composite material at the same

ratio of (polyacrylic acid to bentonite) and (10ml) aquaregia (1:3 HNO3: HCl), accurately about

(5g) of the electronic waste (e-waste) powder is dissolved. Adsorption efficiency of (Polyacrylic

acid - bentonite) composite to precious metals from neutral (e-waste) solution via forth flotation

method, taking various weights (2.5, 5, 10 g.l−1) of adsorbent material (polyacrylic acid - bentonite)

composite at different temperatures (25, 35 and 45) °C. Results show that adsorption efficiency of

Au+1 is higher than Ag+1 from adsorbent material and the highest value is (53.238%, 43.3904%),

(51.778%, 41.99%) and (51.278%, 39.595%) for (Au+1, Ag+1) at (25, 35 and 45)°C respectively.

But it is decreased slightly with increasing temperature.

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4 Materials Engineering

4.1 Modification and Refinement of Al-23Si Alloy Processed by Addition of Nano-

Metal-Phosphate

H A Hussein, M j kahdim and A A Atiyah

Abstract: This research investigates the effect of Nano-Metal-Phosphate on Si particles through

solidification in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. Which means the merge of modification and

refinement with the addition (0.01-0.03) % of Nano-Metal-Phosphate produced by a stir casting.

The process synchronizing effects of Nano-Metal-Phosphate that relates to the AlP and

Al2O3 formation. These include the following, the effect of Al2O3 at the interfaced between the Al

phase and Si particles for obstacle the growth and enhance the refinement of the primary Si and

the impact of AlP act as sites of heterogeneous nucleation for eutectic Si. Microstructures analysis

revealed that both the fundamental and eutectic Si particles were significantly modified and refined.

The primary Si grains were refined from star frames to polygon forms, and their edges were more

regular. The platelet eutectic Si grains were also modified into the delicate fibrous forms. Resulting

in significant ductility enhancement that could have great potential for numerous applications.

Besides, studies microstructure and corrosion behaviour by optical and scanning electron

microscopy, XRD and electrochemical cyclic polarization.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012090

4.2 Investigation the Effect of Titanium on Adhesive Wear and Hardness of NiAl-

Y2O3 Composite Material

Haydar Al-Ethari, Ali Hubi Haleem and Kawthar Y. Al-Dulaimi

Abstract: In the present study, the nickel aluminide NiAl-based composite, reinforced with yttrium

oxide Y2O3 with addition of titanium, was prepared by sintering at 1350 °C for one and a half hours

under argon gas atmosphere. Brinell hardness test was carried out according to (ASTM E140 –

12b). Titanium addition leads to an increase in hardness of (NiAl-Y2O3) composite. The increase

in hardness is mainly due to increased NiAl-Y2O3 mechanical resistance when titanium is added

by the solid-state solution strengthening, as well as by the high density (5.7514 g/cm3) and very

low porosity (1.93%) of the final samples. The addition of 2 wt % Ti to the NiAl compound

increases the hardness of the compound material (90NiAl-10Y2O3) to 295 HB and then increases

to 330 HB by adding 2.5 wt. % Ti and continues to increase to 378 HB by adding (3 wt. % Ti).

Wear test is carried out to find the wear characteristics of the composites developed by powder

metallurgy route. The results revealed that the addition of titanium leads to a decrease in the wear-

rate of NiAl-Y2O3. Addition of 2 wt. % Ti to (70NiAl-30Y2O3) leads to a reduction in adhesion-

wear rate from (7.611 * 10−6 g/cm) to (5.81* 10−6 g/cm) and to (5.47*10−6 g/cm) by adding 2.5 wt. %

Ti. The adhesion-wear ratio continues to decrease to 4.77 * 10−6 g/cm by adding 3 wt. % Ti.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012091

4.3 Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polymer/Nickel Composites

L S Faeq

Abstract: This paper investigates the metal particles effect on the mechanical and thermal

properties of polyester matrix composites. Nickel (Ni) particles were chosen as reinforcing

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constituents due to their well characterized mechanical and energetic properties. The effects of

spatial distribution and volume fractions of the nickel particles on the mechanical behavior of

polyester matrix castings has been examined by of reinforcing the polyester by 2,4,6,8,10 vol.%

Ni which have been prepared using hand lay-out molding. Mechanical characteristics were the

tensile properties; bending modulus of elasticity, shear stress and impact properties (fracture

toughness and impact strength) has been studied. The results of the experimental work show an

increase in the volume fraction of nickel particles to 10% led to increase in mechanical properties.

While the thermal properties such thermal diffusivity, thermal diffusivity conductivity and specific

heat capacity also affected by the incorporation of nickel powder to the matrix that increases

slightly as the nickel content increases.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012092

4.4 Improving the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys 6061-T6 Friction Stir

Welding Joints Using Ultrasonic Peening

Abdul Mohsin Naji Almohaisen and Kharia Salman Hassan

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of joining plates from aluminum alloy

6061-T6 by friction stir welding method. Plates were prepared to dimensions (200 × 60 × 6) mm

by using (CNC) milling machines. The FSW was then applied to join the operated plates by a

vertical milling machine using different rotation welding speed of 1000,1200,1400, rpm and linear

welding speed of 30 mm/min for the production of many weld joints. Microstructure and micro

hardness, tensile, bending, temperature distribution testing were implemented. The results

observed that the effect of the increasing of rotating speed for friction stir welding leads to increase

the mechanical properties due to the increase of heat input. The best result was obtained at

rotational speeds (1400) rpm, the specimens that are welded at 1000 rpm and had decreases in

mechanical properties are subjected to ultrasonic peened surface treatment at 1,2,3 passes to

improve the mechanical properties of welded joint, Compared to the non-peening weld joint, the

mechanical properties increased when the number of ultrasonic peened passes increased due to the

surface hardening and compressive residual stresses produced by the ultrasonic peening process.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012093

4.5 Applying Carbon Nanotubes for Enhancing Fluid Flow

Zainab Y. Shnain, Asawer A. Alwasiti and Musaab K. Rashed

Abstract: One of the economical important challenges in pipeline transportation is reducing the

drag; e.g reducing the pressure drop along the pipe as much as possible. Although many efforts

have been made, a universal mechanism and environmentally friendly approach to reduce the drag

is still setbacks. The present work introduces an environmentally friendly method to reduce drag

using microbubble, polyethylene oxide (PEO) with concentrations (100, 400,1100,1900 and 2500

ppm) and nanopaticles (carbon nano tube CNT) with concentrations (100, 400,1100,1900 and 2500

ppm). The pipeline loop was used to individually study the materials, their complexes as well as

the combination of either of these with micro bubbles. The experiments were conducted in a

pipeline loop to mimic the practice in the petroleum industries. The result showed that the drag

reduction increases as flow and additive concentraons increases and the maximum reduction was

40% for PEO and 58% for CNT. The results also show that the use of blend additives has greater

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effect than the individual materials and combining the polymer, CNT suspended, and the

microbubbles gave 80% drag reduction.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012094

4.6 The Role of ZnO Nano-fluids on Heat Treatments of Medium Carbon Steel

Safaa M. Hassoni, Qasim M. Azpen, Abdullah Dhayea Assi and Mustafa K. Ismael

Abstract: Conventional quenching versus ZnO-NP emulsion and heat treatments for medium

carbon steel (CK45) has been carried out in laboratory environment condition. For comparison,

the mechanical properties of CK45 and microstructure were examined. The main parameter

focused in this work was the concentration of ZnO-NP in deionized water. Thus, emulsion

represents a quenching medium for CK45 specimens. Optical microscope analysis for CK45

microstructure, hardness and tensile test for all specimens were done to evaluate the role of nano

ZnO additives as quenching media at different concentration. Experimental results reveal that the

addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid (water) astonishingly enhanced some mechanical

properties as tensile strength and yield stress. 2wt.% of ZnO-NP raised the yield 14.8% and the

UTS by 16.9%.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012095

4.7 Extraction of high purity amorphous silica from rice husk by chemical process

Sami abualnoun Ajeel, Khalid A. Sukkar and Naser Korde Zedin

Abstract: High purity amorphous silica (SiO2) is extracted from agriculture waste (rice husk) that

supplied from Al-Najaf province, Iraq. Silica is the major inorganic constituent of the rice husk. It

is prepared with using acid pretreatment of (3N HCl), then burned it at (700°C) for 4 hrs, and

followed with leaching process by 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3N NaOH. The extracted results are high-surface

area of amorphous silica particles. Extracted results are silica particles were high surface area of

amorphous silica particles. These particles were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and

X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. High pure

amorphous silica observed from rice husk ash was confirmed by XRD diffraction. The silica purity

results measured by X-Ray fluorescence was 99.714% for leaching at 3N NaOH. Results from

(AFM) of silica with nanoscale sizes and microparticles with diameters ranging from (87-114) nm.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012096

4.8 Effect of Mold Vibration on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si

Eutectic Alloy

Haydar Al-Ethari, Ali Hubi Haleem and Muhanad Hamid Hassan

Abstract: Aluminum-silicon foundry alloys at eutectic region have small range of freezing, good

castability and good properties. Such alloys are used in many engineering applications like

automobile, aeronautical and aerospace industries. In present work, aluminum-silicon eutectic

samples with silicon of 12-13wt.% were prepared using stir casting method. The microstructure,

hardness, porosity, dendrite grain size, tensile strength, and elongation were studied to see the

effect of mechanical mold vibration on this eutectic alloy. An amplitude of 0.5 mm and frequency

of 5,10,15,20 and 25 Hz were used for casting the samples with mechanical mold vibration. The

results showed that the values of the amplitude and frequencies have significant effect on the

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studied properties. A decrease in dendrite grain size by used mechanical mold vibration, at

frequencies(5,10,15,20 and 25)Hz the decreased by 15%, 26%, 32%, 42%, and 53%. The hardness

was increased by used mechanical mold vibration, at frequencies(5,10,15,20 and 25)Hz the

hardness increased by 7%, 16%, 25%, 33%, and 40%. Also, a decrease in porosity by used

mechanical mold vibration, at frequencies(5,10,15,20 and 25)Hz the porosity decreased by 35%,

46%, 58%, 69%, and 77%. The increase in tensile strength by used mechanical mold vibration, at

frequencies(5,10,15,20 and 25)Hz the increased by 12%, 18%, 25%, 29%, and 36%; and increase

in elongation percentage by used mechanical mold vibration, at frequencies(5,10,15,20 and 25)Hz

the increased by 14%, 29%, 38%, 52% and 71% respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012097

4.9 Derivation of a new multiscale model: II. Deriving a modified Hall-Petch

relation from the multiscale model and testing it for nano, micro, and macro

materials

Sadeem Abbas Fadhil, Mohsen A. Hassan, Jazeel H. Azeez and Munaf S. Majeed

Abstract: In the present work, a multiscale Hall-Petch relation is derived from a new multiscale

model and applied for all ranges of grain sizes. The derived multiscale Hall-Petch relation has a

superior over the previous models represented by its direct applicability on any material without

the need for prior knowledge of grain size distribution. The new multiscale relation applicability

is tested with three elements Mg, Zn, and Fe due to their importance in industrial applications. The

comparison among the coefficients of different materials suggested a criterion to predict the

reverse Hall-Petch relation.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012098

4.10 Synthesis of iron oxide (β-fe2o3) nanoparticles from Iraqi grapes extract and

its biomedical application

Wisam J. Aziz, Muslim A. Abid, Duha A. Kadhim and Mohanad Kadhim Mejbel

Abstract: A synthesis of iron oxide (β-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) made using a simple chemical

method from a mixture of iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) solution and Iraqi grape extract has

applications in the biomedical field. Iraqi grape extract was used to reduce iron (III) chloride salt

to iron oxide (β-Fe2O3) NPs. The green synthesis method was cheap, non-toxic, safe, and eco-

friendly. The iron oxide (β-Fe2O3) NPs were diagnosed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier

transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), and

scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV-VIS spectrophotometry analysis showed the energy

gap (Eg) was 2.9 eV. The peak of strong absorption at 526 cm−1 indicated that a Fe-O vibration

band was reported on the FT-IR spectrum. The XRD showed the highest peaks at 102 and 222,

with average crystallize sizes between 29–37 nm. Besides, XRD spectrum analysis revealed a

cubic structure. The surface morphology of the sample, which was identified using the SEM

analysis, found the average grain size was from 49 to 50 nm with a cubic shape. After investigating

the inhibition of zones, the synthesized (β-Fe2O3) NPs showed antibacterial activity of 18 mm for

positive-gram aureus staphylococcus bacteria and 19 mm for negative-gram Escherichia coli

baceria.

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4.11 Erosive Wear Behavior of Jute Fiber / Polyester resin with Biowaste Materials

R A Mohammed, M S Attallah and A Q Hadi

Abstract: The improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of hybrid composite

materials plays a huge role in many different engineering applications. In this article, the hybrid

composites were prepared using the hand lay up method from polyester resin with 4% wt. jute

fibers and reinforcement with different weight fractions of (3%, 6%, 9%, and 11%wt. egg shells

powder / rice husk powder) to investigate the resistance of these hybrid polymeric composites to

the test erosive wear. The median particle size of the eggshell and rice husk powder used in this

research was (15.2 µm, 53.7 µm) respectively. The parameters that were studied during the erosion

test (weight fractions of the fillers, impingement angle (30°, 60°, 90°), size silica sand (450, 600,

750µm) at the time constant (15 hours). Erosive wear behavior results for all samples hybrid

composites were analyzed and discussed by using the experimental design of Taguchi (L9)

(MINITAB 16). We note from the results that the samples (polyester + 4 wt%. Jute fibers + 11%

wt. Eggshell powder) and (polyester + 4 wt%. Jute fibers + 11 wt%. rice husk powder) give the

best erosive rate (0.00010g, 0.00027 g)respectively at variables (angle 60°, size silica sand 450

µm). Through the results of the ANOVA analysis, it was found that all variables (filler content,

angle impingement, and silica sand size) had a significant effect on the erosive test.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012100

4.12 Monitoring and evaluation of the water pollution

Ibtihaj A. Abdulrazzak, Hussain Bierk and Ali Abdulwahhab Abdulrazzaq

Abstract: The main purpose of this research is to control the water pollution through focusing on

monitoring and evaluating of the water pollution. The components such as electronic device

contains Arduino, sensors (total dissolved solids (TDS), temperature, and turbidity), liquid crystal

display LCD, and electronic arm with servo motor have been employed to control the water quality.

The evaluation of the water quality is paramount to the investigation and use of water and aiming

to progress the realization of the phenomena which take place in the water environments. It is

important to know the variables which affect the water bodies. This evaluation participates to the

improvement of water quality and contribute to the fast and effective method for monitoring and

displaying the water quality.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012101

4.13 POX Controller and Open Flow Performance Evaluation in Software Defined

Networks (SDN) Using Mininet Emulator

Haeeder Munther Noman and Mahdi Nsaif Jasim

Abstract: Growing popularity of Internet demands for the agility as well as the flexibility of

computer networks. Traditional networking system is unable to satisfy recent computing needs.

Proprietary devices configured manually create an error-prone situation in addition they are

incapable to fully utilize the capability of physical network infrastructure. This has resulted in the

paradigm shift in the networking industry and it is known as Software defined networking.

Advantages such as programmability, task virtualization and easy management of the network can

be provided by employing SDN platform, on the other hand POX is defined as a Python based

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open source OpenFlow SDN Controller mainly used for faster development and prototyping of

new network applications basically comes pre-installed with the mininet virtual machine. POX

controller can turn dumb OpenFlow devices into hub, switch, load balancer and firewall devices.

In this paper Performance metrics such as service Delay, utilized bandwidth, received packets and

bytes were measured and recorded using network monitoring tools like iperf and D-ITG in order

to analyze the functionality of the POX controller as well as to evaluate the operation performance

of POX controller for SDN environment. The results of this research were the recommendation of

using POX controller in for rapid development and prototyping of network control systems as well

as being the framework for the interaction with Open Flow switches.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012102

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5 Electronic Engineering

5.1 UWB Elliptical Antenna Using Fractal Geometry For Wireless Capsule

Endoscopy

Mayss Alreem N. Hammed and Rashid A. Fayadh

Abstract: In this paper, wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has been studied and its components

and method of work. This small device is very important because it has a significant role in

facilitating the process of imaging the digestive system. Since the capsule is a pictorial device, the

most important part of it is the transmitter. It has been suggested to use the microstrip antenna due

to its many advantages such as small size and easy design and others. The microstrip antenna was

designed with ultra-wideband technology (UWB) by using fractal geometry. The proposed antenna

has a return loss of - 1.1 at 5.78 GHz. Also, the radiation patterns are Omni-directional radiations

over the UWB bandwidth.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012103

5.2 Wavelet Packet VS Backpropagation for localization and Classification PCG

Signals

Wasam Samer Abed and Rashid Ali Fayadh

Abstract: Phonocardiography signals (PCG) show the enrolment of sounds and distortions

generated from cardiac auscultation. Cardiac signal analysis is crucial for the diagnosis of various

diseases. In previous years, there are several groups and different techniques, freshness, and

methods have been proposed to analyze the cardiac signal. Auscultation is a manner in which a

stethoscope is used to hearken to the cardiac sound. Structural trouble of the heart is often reflected

in the cardiac sound created and Listening to the heart's sound helped doctors diagnose and predict

diseases. Whilst a cardiac sound examine via Listening is appropriate as a scientific tool, it is tough

to analysis PCG signals in the time(T) or frequency(F) scale. The PCG signals have many benefits

over conventional Listening, in that they may be rebuilt and analyzed for time(T) and frequency(F)

information. Using a wavelet packet transform(WPT). Where the signal is decomposed and rebuild

without the first-rate loss of data within the signal content. Reconstruction mistakes can be

thoughtfulness an important piece of information in classifying the pathological severity of

phonocardiography signals. In this paper we will focus on how to choose the level and the mother

wave of the wave to cry out so that it is appropriate to analyze the cardiac signal in good

mathematical and analytical ways to train the neural network (error backpropagation) on it. It will

be explained in the following details.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012104

5.3 Design of smart power meter for local electrical power generators in Baghdad

city

Bushra Mahmoud Waheib, Ihsan Jabbar Hasan, Nahla Abdul Jalil Salih and Nadhir Ibrahim Abdulkhaleq

Abstract: The shortage in electrical power generation in Iraq due to several wars, forced the people

to use an alternative solution. One of such solutions is the local power generators that distributed

rapidly in Iraqi cities. The investors whom owning these generators make the prices for delivering

the power to the consumers without power meters. In this paper, a smart power meter for such

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generators can be used in each customer place. The smart power meter simply is composed of an

Arduino Pro Mini microcontroller with an ACS712 current sensor and DS3231 Real Time Clock.

The sensed data is proceed using simple algorithm to calculate the required bill according to the

consumed average amperes multiplied by the ampere price setting by the provider during the

delivery period. The proposed meter with its low cost and fair bill calculations can be used at each

end-user location for local generators.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012105

5.4 High Empirical Study of Edge Detection-Based Image Denoising Corrupted by

the Additive White Gaussian Noise (WGN)

Alaa K Al-azzawi

Abstract: Denoising of images is one of the Sparky subjects in image manipulating. The goal

behind new design approaches to the denoising of image chains is to alleviation the superinduced

noise into minimal rate after adopting spatial and temporal areas. However, eliciting edges from

denoising images consider the largest trouble that facing many of researchers. Many wavelet-based

images denoising methods been proposed to elicit edges from the corrupted images. In this paper,

denoising images can be actualized by thresholding the wavelets coefficients at

the low — low — subbands. In addition, a new technique approach to the edge detection of images

corrupted by the "White-Gaussian Noise" been proposed. This technique comprises two treads:

First, all likely edge points elicited with the applying of the first and second partial derivatives.

Second, edge detection based-gradients which, relying on the two-dimensional convolution-based

on the theory of the finite impulse response (FIR) filter been attained. Here, the histograms of

the V/H image gradients can be exploited to create the essential threshold. This will facilitate the

access to the convincing simulations in the process of image gradients detection. Experimental

results show that the performance efficiency of our proposed technique was best comparing with

the classical detection method in terms of blurriness and artifacts specifically, with areas that

contain the edges.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012106

5.5 Reference measurement channel RMC parameters of LTE downlink waveforms

Fatima Faydh Al Azzawi, Zainab Faydhe Al Azzawi, Sada Faydhe Al Azzawi and Faeza Abbas Abid

Abstract: Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard for high speed wireless communication for

mobile devices and data terminals, It increases the capacity and speed using a different radio

interface together with core network improvements. LTE employs SC-FDMA for uplink UL

transmission and OFDM for downlink DL data transmission, in this paper LTE DL implemented

with MATLAB programing and Simulink, Reference measurement channel RMC on DL

waveform illustrated in different Transmission scheme of single, 4 antenna and cyclic delay

diversity scheme CDD, duplexing mode, resources blocks and modulation approaches leadings to

a various number of total information per frame, QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAM modulation

approaches used in the proposed system are tested under AWGN Rayleigh fading channels.

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5.6 Key Exchange Protocols for Parallel Network File Systems Using Optimized

Cryptography

Inam Abdullah Lafta, Ruaa Ali Khamees and Rana Alauldeen Abdalrahman

Abstract: The utilization of parallel file system is expanding quickly nowadays; security moves

toward becoming are significant worry about inside this work is to structure capable and secure

affirmed key trade conventions that meet explicit necessities of pNFS. The current techniques

neglected to achieve alluring properties, for instance, scalability, viability, escrow free and forward

mystery. A large portion of existing techniques either has not been alluringly practiced or are not

reachable by the current Kerberos-based arrangement. These issues overwhelmed by a late

technique which is utilizing an assortment of authenticated key trade conventions that are intended

to address the above issues. This technique utilized AES calculation for security. In this

undertaking, It is giving that a new AES calculation objective of accomplishing speed and security.

This new AES is called as IAES (improved AES). The proposed security technique will

accomplish better execution as far as speed, security, and correspondence overhead when

contrasted with existing strategies.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012108

5.7 Modulation and RS-CC rate specifications in WiMAX IEEE 802.16 Standard

with MATLAB Simulink model

Fatima Faydhe Al-Azzawi, Zainab Faydhe Al-Azzawi, Shereen Shandal and Faeza Abas Abid

Abstract: The intensive use of broadband system leading to focusing of telecommunication

development industries, which are characterized by high quality features. Forthisissue, high

transmission abilities in a new technologies systems have been designed. the WiMAX concept

were proposed where a wireless transmission infrastructure that allows a fast deployment as well

as low maintenance costs. Based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 standard, in this paper an end-to-end

baseband model of the physical layer of a wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) have been

implemented using MATALB Simulink, according to the IEEE® 802.16-2004 standard.

Supporting all of the mandatory coding and modulation options. It also illustrates Space-Time

Block Coding (STBC), an optional transmit diversity scheme specified for use on the downlink. it

illustrates the use of digital pre-distortion, a technique for extending the linear range of a nonlinear

amplifier. Also modulation sets have been changed and tested in the model to reduce running time

and power consumption. Finally, measurements of Error vector magnitude EVM and modulation

error ratio MER were performed.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012109

5.8 A Smart Biomedical Assisted System for Alzheimer Patients

Qayssar A. Ahmed and Auns Q. H. Al-Neami

Abstract: A Smart Biomedical Assisted System for Alzheimer Patients View article, A Smart

Biomedical Assisted System for Alzheimer Patients PDF, A Smart Biomedical Assisted System

for Alzheimer Patients

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In the last decades the health care developments highly rise the level of ages of world population.

This improvement was accompanied by increasing the diseases related with elder like Dementia,

which Alzheimer's disease represent the most common form. The present study aims to design and

implementation a medical system for improving the life of Alzheimer's disease persons and ease

the burden of their caregivers. A Smart Biomedical Assistance is an electronic device that provide

around the clock monitoring the stability state of the Alzheimer's patient, showing their location

on the map, automatically reminders for medication times, and a call button for an emergency

cases that the patient may pass through during the day. The device designed with two units one

worn by the patient while the other is an internet of things technology (IoT) platform application

used by the caregiver. The wearable unit was implemented by using a motion processing unit

sensor, global positioning sensor module (GPS), heart rate sensor with microcontrollers and LCD

display. This unit is supported by an (IoT) platform for communication with the patient from

anywhere by the caregiver.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012110

5.9 Design of Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Tumor Detection

A B Muhajr, J f Mahdi and M A Khadhim

Abstract: The breast tumor is rarely detected early; early detection helps to quickly and effectively

treat. A number of methods are used to detect breast tumors, with mammography being the most

popular breast screening method. Mammography is the X-ray tumor in the breast that has some

limitation and is quite painful. Microwave imagery provides an enticing mammography alteration

by detecting breast tumor using micro strip transmitter at microwave frequency. A fractal shaped

UWB MIMO circular ring transmitter has a total size of 60 to 100 mm2 and has a range of

frequencies from 3.1 until 12.0 GHZ. The transmitter is designed using (CST) Studio Suite 3D EM

simulation and analysis software.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012111

5.10 Design of Ultra-Wideband Microwave Antenna Array for Detection Breast

Cancer Tumours

S S Ahmed, J F Mahdi and M A. Kadhim

Abstract: Microwave imagery for identification of Breast cancer is based on the electrical contrast

between fatty breast tissues. We implemented a simple fractal antenna in this paper (peano patch

antenna) in the Ultra-Wideband frequency (6.744) GHZ as low as (-42.657 dB). For breast imaging

on a microwave system, the option of antenna is made of an antenna array consisting of 18 antennas.

For better detection of tumors, the antenna is positioned in a circular design so that it can be faced

directly to the phantom of the breast. This choice is made by positioning the array antennas on the

breast skin to test the magnetic, electrical fields and current density in healthy tissue of breast

phantom built and simulated in the studio simulator CST Microwave.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012112

5.11 Design of Mobile Healthcare Monitoring System Using IoT Technology and

Cloud Computing

Mustafa A Al-Sheikh and Ibrahim A Ameen

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012110

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012111

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Abstract: This project presents an implementation of wearable, portable, low power consumption,

real-time remote bio-signals monitoring system based on the internet of thing technology. This

implementation provides an improved step-in remote health monitoring field. Numbers of people,

who require health care increase year by year and the conventional bio-signals monitoring systems

require patients' attendance in person inside hospitals. This might cause an inefficient situation to

take care of the patients, especially those who have critical and unstable health conditions.

Therefore, internet technology along with modern electronic devices could offer promising

solutions in this field. Based on that, this project utilizes a mobile application as an IoT platform

to monitor remotely the live ECG signal, heart rate, SPO2, and the body temperature of patients.

The signals are measured and processed by using a microcontroller-based device (Arduino). The

main contribution of this paper is sending an electrocardiogram (ECG signal) to a specific smart

mobile phone to be watched by a doctor. This assists in heart diseases diagnosing before the worst

case can happen. Finally, the obtained results of this project are illustrated on both smartphone and

personal computer (PC) as well.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012113

5.12 Analytical Model of a Holmium-doped Fiber Laser Including Up-conversion

Transition

M A Khamis and Ziad Qais Al-Abbasi

Abstract: This paper presents theoretical investigation of a holmium-doped fiber laser. Analytical

model is developed to consider the effect of up-conversion transition on the laser performance. In

this model, the core pumped system is simulated at in-band pumped scheme to optimize the fiber

length, pump wavelength, pump power threshold and laser wavelength. A good agreement is

achieved between the simulation findings and the experiment results. The results indicate the

negative effect of up-conversion transitions on the performance of holmium-doped fiber lasers via

reducing the laser efficiency. Understanding the impact of this interaction is helpful to describe

the reason for obtaining a lower laser efficiency than expected in experimental reports of holmium-

doped fiber lasers pumped at 1.95µm wavelength region. The developed model is suggested as

valid tools to simulate and optimize any rare-earth doped fiber lasers and amplifiers.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012114

5.13 Enhancement Mechanism of the Channel for Wireless Sensor Network

Seham ahmed hashem, Alaa Deshar Farhood and Maham Kaml Naji

Abstract: Wireless sensor network contains set of self-organized sensors which are trademark by

confined energy of preparing and constrained battery vitality. It is used in various correspondences

and enterprises viewpoints. Sensors hubs check the activities and send it to multi hub steering to

the expected collector jump for making the handling these activities. The routing is developed by

utilizing responsive and proactive directing conventions. Clog happens because of information

stream passing which supersedes the most extreme limit of channel and the limit line of every

jump. The Quality of service (QoS) of the sensor arrange application will be decreased, because

of losing the information due to the. This paper considers the blockage probability with a particular

ultimate objective to diminish its occasions in Wireless sensor network (WSN) and settle it, and

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after that proposes a balanced and an altered steering convention to be specific Congestion Control

Algorithm (CCA) which is used to reduce the clog in the event that it happens in wireless sensor

network.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012115

5.14 Investigating the Access Point height for an indoor IOT services

I M Burhan, M S Al-Hakeem, M M Abdulwahid and M F Mosleh

Abstract: The prospects of location estimation and localization approaches in Wireless Local Area

Network (WLAN) by using Received Signal Strength (RSS) have gained significant resonance

recently. Selecting the appropriate highest for Access Point (AP) and Transmitter devices can

achieve higher accuracy for different localization approaches and IoT (Internet of Things) based

services. In addition, reducing the shadow fading effects and increasing the coverage area. In this

paper, the effect of different AP height on the variation of signal strength was investigated with a

height ranging between (1-2.5) m. The obtained RSS measurement indicates that AP height at 2.5

m can achieve best RSS measurement with respect to receiver height of (1.10) m, especially for

NLoS received points. Furthermore, RSS measurement system has been designed and utilized for

this investigation. The measurement system is connected with an open based cloud platform for

aggregation, visualization and analysing the measurement data. The proposed system can achieve

high-speed RSS measurements, low-cost implementation and provide more facilities in collecting

and monitoring a huge amount of data.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012116

5.15 Instant messaging security and privacy secure instant messenger design

R M Ali and S N Alsaad

Abstract: Among many types of social network applications, instant messaging is one of the

applications that consider the privacy and the security are two crucial features due to that data

exchanged between users are often private and not for public. In this work, a secure Instant

Messenger (IM) mobile application is designed and implemented. Many techniques are used to

provide privacy and another to achieve security through suitable cryptographic method. The

limited and varied specifications of users' mobile devices are considered for implementing the

concept of end-to-end encryption. The application also providing the main functions of instant

messaging applications such as profile creation, access control management, and finding friend.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012117

5.16 Performance of the adaptive sliding mode control scheme for output voltage

control of the DC/DC buck converter system

Luay Thamir Rasheed

Abstract: In this work, the DC output voltage of a step-down DC/DC buck converter system has

been controlled using different schemes of sliding mode controllers (SMCs) such as classical

sliding mode controller (CSMC), modified sliding mode controller (MSMC) and the adaptive

sliding mode controller (ASMC). As the DC/DC buck converter is a nonlinear and time-variant

system, the application of linear control techniques for controlling this type of converters is not

always suitable. Therefore, the SMCs are used here due to their characteristic features of

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maintaining the overall system stability with acceptable performance in the absence or presence

of the parameters uncertainty and external disturbance. The simulation results obtained using

MATLAB/Simulink software show the advantages of using ASMC in terms of reducing the

settling time, the chattering value in the control action and the steady state error but the hitting

time is increased when compared with the CSMC. Besides, the simulation results show the

advantages of using ASMC in terms of reducing the settling time and the chattering value, but the

steady state error and the hitting time are increased when compared with the MSMC. Since the

buck converter is a fast response system, the performance of the ASMC is better than that of the

CSMC and MSMC in terms of reducing the settling time and the chattering value in the control

action.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012118

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5.17 Real measurement of optimal access point localizations

R M Zaal, F M Mustafa, E I Abbas, M F Mosleh and M M Abdulwahid

Abstract: The widely applied location-based services require a high standard for positioning

technology. With the development of the wireless communication technology, the positioning

services based on Wi-Fi are increasingly demanded. To understand the positioning accuracy limits

under a certain given Access Point topology and to be able to make design recommendations. This

paper proposed a method for proper deployment of AP devices on the building of the electrical

department in the university of technology and computing the measurements of the Received

Signal Strength (RSS). Received Signal Strength measurement was obtained from different

received points located within the targeted building. Many software can be used for the measuring

of RSS values. In our work, it has been used Net Spot pro software. Net Spot is a software tool for

wireless network assessment, scanning, and surveys, analyzing Wi-Fi coverage and performance.

RSS reading were measured for four directions (North-South-East – West). It should mention that

each RSS measurement obtained per each direction, is actually the average of 4 RSS measurement

samples. This trend is to provide more accurate results than a single measurement Floor layout has

been designed and imported to the software and used to allocate the measurements in the exact

received point locations. The objective of this paper is to achieve full coverage area with less

number of AP devices and reduce the total implementation costs.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012119

5.18 Based on IoT Healthcare Application for Medical Data Authentication:

Towards A New Secure Framework Using Steganography

Mohammed Mahdi Hashim, Suhad Hasan Rhaif, Ali A. Abdulrazzaq, Adnan Hussein Ali and Mustafa Sabah Taha

Abstract: With increasing transmission of sensitive information over the dispersed IoTs, security

of sensitive patient's contents is becoming more challenging and has been enthusiastic area of

research since last decades. Evolution in the concealment of data was reflected in the medical field

specifically on medical images. Hide information technology in the image is called steganography.

The objective of this study is the preservation of privacy and confidentiality of data in uncertain

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surroundings during multimedia exchange joining two IoT hops. For attacker hindrance and,

provision of data confidentiality, a resilient multilevel security perspective depending on

information hiding and cryptography is suggested. The existing schemes have limitations related

to the equilibrium trade-off amid two variables (medical image quality and security). In addition,

the direct embedment of the secret data into the images and further subtraction of an encrypted

data from it often enables the intruders to easily detect and extract the hidden information. Based

on these factors, we proposed a multilevel security based on 3th random iterations with chosen a

procedure was implemented using Henon function to stop against cybercrimes challenges. The

patient information is going through the preparation stage (different steps) before the embedding

algorithm in order to increase the security. Superior results achieved with this study in term of

imperceptibility and security the reason is to choose the right method in the right place. Satisfying

results, gained when benchmarking our results with existing one in literature through the same

criteria.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012120

5.19 Based on Competitive Marketing: A New Framework mechanism in Social

Media

Mohammed Mahdi Hashim, Nidhal Khaleel Ajeel, Hayder Jasim Alhamdane, Atheer Hani Herez, Mustafa

Sabah Taha and Adnan Hussein Ali

Abstract: In social merchandise, there are many similar products emanating from many enterprises.

The enterprises want to scatter details for their products so that they are known widely in social

media. This is because they believe in competitive advantage for commercial products. There has

been research merging two enterprises for worldwide circulation and popularity. The initial

procedure entails finding seed points then later disseminate details separately as per the separate

Cascade approach. The aim is finding an initial common ground the dissemination to social

platforms. Significant is also how fast data diffusion can be done. Data effect will arise from either

none, one or more nodes in a social interconnection. Evaluation is also accomplished on the

number of fraction parts in various sections are affected by the different rates of data diffusion.

The simulation result for proposed framework introduces good outcomes result.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012121

5.20 Fuzzy Logic Power Flow Control in divide Full Bridge Three-Port Converter

Sarab Al-Chlaihawi, Mohammed A. T. Alrubei, Ammar Al-Gizi, Mohammed Al-Saadi and Mohamed Louzazni

Abstract: On this work, the three-port converter derivative from the full-bridge converter is

analysed and control. The full-bridge converter is made up of two parts, A and B. Each part

contains two switches with independent input sources. The inputs drive the load through a

transformer that boosts voltage and provides isolation. The controller is an important portion of

the converter. It controls the pass of power between the three ports. The controller uses Fuzzy

Logic Control to make decisions regarding the two control signals for each part. These decisions

are based on the variance between the whole energy generated by the photovoltaic panel and the

energy demand at the load. The proposed design is verified through MATLAB and Simulink.

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5.21 Modified inverse neural controller using adaptive gain factor for DC motor

Ali Reyadh Waheed, Abbas Hussain Issa and Mohammed Y Hassan

Abstract: Disturbances and input changes effects lead to condition of error in the action integrity

of control systems especially when the system is nonlinear. Adaptive controllers are being used to

solve this problem. However they may add cost and complexity to the system design, and may not

give the required action. This paper presents a DC motor speed controller using Inverse Neural

controller and adaptive gain factor. The adaptive gain factor designed to be a function of the error

signal (will be used to cancel the error in the controller signal), also a positive feedback from the

output (to overcome the error of the plant) will be added to the adaptive gain factor signal to create

a new input to the plant. Simulation results proved that the proposed method excellently controls

the DC motor speed and evicts the steady-state response error thus; makes the output correctly

tracking the desired input with minimum rising time, reduced peak time and settling time, and

minimum peak overshoot, with average enhancement of 50% for each versus the results of PID

controller for the same plant and same inputs. MATLAB R2015b, SIMULINK simulation has been

used to simulate the system and obtain the results.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012123

5.22 Design and Implementation of a Modified Luo Converter with Higher–

Voltage Ratio Gain

Ahmed T. Mohammed and Nabil K. Alshamaa

Abstract: This paper presents a new modified of the positive output super—lift Luo (POSL)

converter in order to increase the output voltage gain. The conventional elementary Luo converter

has a voltage lift cell, which consists of one inductor, one diode and one capacitor. The main

drawback of the elementary circuit is near conventional boost converter in terms of lifting output

voltage at a higher duty cycle. The novelty of proposed modification provides high—voltage

transfer ratio gain by changing the inductor (L) of the basic (POSL) with switched—capacitor—

inductor cell, which consists of two diodes, one capacitor and two inductors. The advantages of

the proposed converter over elementary circuit are can be increasing the output gain ratio at a lower

and higher duty cycle as well as low voltage stress on switch. Pulse width modulation (PWM) as

a voltage mode control strategy is used to control the new converter. The new converter works by

using one switch to make the control simple, more efficient and more effective. In addition, the

equations of voltage and current in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes (CCM) and

(DCM) are analyzed at steady-state error. The simulation and practical results show the

effectiveness of matching the new converter to the theoretical analysis as well as the proposed

converter has higher efficiency is reached to 95.4% as compare with elementary circuit has 94.1%.

The simulation is performing by Matlab/Simulink environment.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012124

5.23 Hand Gesture Recognition Using Mechanomyography Signal Based on LDA

Classifier

Aymen Al Yahyah Buk, Mousa K Wali, Ali H. Al-Timemy and Koasi Raoof

Abstract: The growing number of amputees in Iraq with multiple degrees of amputations makes it

necessary to provide them with prosthetic hands with an easy to use control system that meets their

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aspirations. The Mechanomyography (MMG) signal has been proposed as an alternative or

assisting method for hand gesture recognition. Electromyography (EMG) which is used as control

signal in the commercial prosthetic hands faces many challenges such as electrical interference,

non-stationery and electrode displacement. The MMG signal has been presented as a method to

deal with the existing challenges of EMG. In this paper, MMG based hand gesture recognition is

proposed with Pattern Recognition (PR) system. MMG signal have been collected from six healthy

subjects, using accelerometers and microphones, which performed seven classes of hand

movements. Classification accuracy of approximately 89% was obtained with PR method,

consisting of time domain and Wavelet feature extraction and Linear Discernment Analysis (LDA)

for classification. The results showed that the proposed method has a promising way for detecting

and classifying hand gestures by low-cost MMG sensors which can be used for the control of

prosthetic hand.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012125

5.24 Virtual private network impacts on the computer network performance with

different traffic generators

Zaman Nagy and Mousa K. Wali

Abstract: Virtual private network (VPN) is providing a solution of security to the network nodes.

This can be performed by applying tunnels on the link connecting the hosts. However, VPN

connection may impact the performance of network according to the traffic density. In this paper,

three types of network seniors were tested in presence of VPN connection. A 200 Mbps VPN

connection was made between a pair of nodes and performance of this connection is examined by

monitoring the time delay and throughput. Network traffic seniors were changes between CRB,

HTTP and FTP protocols. Results shown that throughput is not affected when using HTTP-UDP

topology. While, throughput is increased when HTTP-TCP topology is used. The time delay is

generally increasing in case of HTTP-UDP and HTTP-TCP as compared with other traffic

generators.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012126

5.25 Implementation of Phase Shifted Carrier Modulation Technique for Cascaded

Five-Level Inverter Using FPGA

Ahmed M. T. Ibraheem, Laith A. Mohammed and Qusay H. Ali

Abstract: This paper presents the development of Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

to control single phase Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (MLI). FPGA realizes high speed switching

and attains a high over sampling rate. The FPGA provide eight control signals for five level output

voltage using Phase Shifted Carrier (PSC) modulation technique. All the function modules of the

designed program was implemented using Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware

Description Language (VHDL) and Xilinx ISE 9.2i software was employed as a simulation and

compiler tool. The proposed strategy can provide a wide range of rms output voltage by varying

the modulation index. The simulation of the system was carried out by Matlab/Simulink.

Simulation and experimental results are provided.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012127

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5.26 Design and optimization of backstepping controller applied to autonomous

quadrotor

Mina Qays Kadhim and Mohammed Y Hassan

Abstract: In this paper a Quadrotor dynamics is exploited. This system dynamics is nonlinear,

multivariable, coupled and unstable, and suffers from parameter uncertainties and external

disturbances. Hence, controlling of Quadrotor is on demand to meet the stability, robustness, and

desired dynamic properties, furthermore, to overcome the hindrance of nonlinearity and to have a

system that is pliant to changing parameters and environmental disturbances. Three PID position

controllers are used in the outer feedback loop to track the reference trajectory, while the angular

rotations are controlled through the inner feedback backstepping control. The control law is

derived based on Lyapunov stability theorem to render strong closed-loop stability. The tuning of

the gains for both controllers is not convenient with this kind of system model due to high non-

linearity and instability. Thereafter, the gains and parameters referred to both controllers are

optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) to find the best navigation routes

and ensure compensation of nonlinearities and disturbances. This is performed by minimizing the

3 Dimensional position errors and 3Angular rotation errors using ITAE as a performance index.

Simulation results presented using different types of trajectories have proved the enhancement in

motion as compared with previous published papers.

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6 Electric Engineering

6.1 Optimal location of UPFC devices for minimizing Losses in Transmission Line

Ihssan A Amin, Dhari Y Mahmood and Ali H Numan

Abstract: The fast increase in world loads has made electrical networks more complex and difficult

to operate within their capacities. This has contributed to many issues like the failure of the loss

of the power. Flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) are therefore considered

to be the best solution to this problem, the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) device is the

most important of FACTS devices because of its ability to reduce overall line losses and increase

the power system's transmission capacity. To increase the advantages of this device we need to

find the optimal location for it. In the search process code to determine the optimal placement of

UPFC device to minimizing losses in the transmission line in the standard Institute of Electrical

and Electronic Engineers (IEEE 14 bus) test system using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)by

using (MATLAB program/M-file). This paper deals with the optimization of two UPFC

compensator parameters in the power system with the aim of reducing losses and increasing the

transmission line load limit by using a modified version of the PSO algorithm The power system

simulation results show that the UPFC's optimal location has been able to minimize the losses from

the transmission line.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012129

6.2 Reduced pole to pole voltage deviations through stopping MMC blockading loss

of terminals below DC faults

Raghad Hameed Ahmed and Ali Abdulwahhab Abdulrazzaq

Abstract: Allergy of voltage supply converters to DC, faults are recognized as the essential obstacle

in the direction of significant implementation of meshed DC networks. Because of low flood

current capability of Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), the converters are blocked under

excessive currents to prevent permanent damage to the modules converter blocking off all at once

interrupts the power float and reasons a significant strength imbalance in together the AC and DC

grid. This paper aims to develop dependability and safety of DC networks per the support of

stopping harm of terminals below DC faults. The fault response of a modular-multilevel converter

is studied analytically and via simulations. It recognized that the Modular-multilevel converter

(MMC) goes through quite a few tiers beneath a DC fault, and every stage has distinct dynamics.

The effect of the converter showing too occupied into reason.

DC grid topology has a fundamental force on safety structure diagram and performance if a pair

of converters linked to the same bus, fault contemporary is shared between the converters and fault

modern-day slope of each person converter is reduced. Converter blocking off can, as a result,

disallowed and protection device necessities container be relaxed. Temporary MMC blocking off

studied like every other approach for keeping off the loss of terminals underneath DC faults. The

gain of this strategy is low safety gadget value and decreased affect regular grid operation. A

thermal valve model developed to investigate peak thermal stress on antiparallel diodes.

Coordination between MMC self-protection and fault detection relays proposed, as nicely as the

use of converter DC circuit breaker (DCCB) for backup protection.

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6.3 Using of Genetic algorithm to obtain proper Coordination of Directional

overcurrent relays.

Tahseen Ali Abd Almuhsen and Ahmed Jasim Sultan

Abstract: Transmission and distribution lines are the most parts in power systems affected by faults

during their operation. Therefore, it is required to maintain suitable coordination between all the

protection relays is used to protect them during faults. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) is

utilized to solve the coordination problems of the directional overcurrent relays (DOC) in

interconnected systems. GA is used to obtain the optimum time multiplier setting (TMS) of these

relays. A comparison has been made with previous work in literature to show the efficiency and

accuracy of the proposed algorithm and the total operatination time of DOC in the network has

been minimized. The results confirm the superior performance of the proposed algorithm and these

results have been validated by using an electric transient and analysis program(ETAP).

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012131

6.4 A New Proposed Pendulum-Like with Attraction-Repulsion mechanism

Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems

I A Abed, S P Koh, K S M Sahari, S K Tiong, M M Ali and A A Abdul Kadhim

Abstract: This work aims to contribute to the domain of new modification in electromagnetism-

like (EM) algorithm, which will be referred to in this work as pendulum-like with attraction-

repulsion mechanism algorithm (PA). PA algorithm has been constructed with the purpose of

solving inverse kinematics (IK) problem. The proposed new algorithm mimics the concepts of a

simple physical pendulum and is derived as a local search in order to promote the performance of

the EM algorithm. Comparisons between the suggested PA with the available algorithms, such as

genetic algorithm (GA) and EM were conducted using two mathematical test functions. On top of

the testing, the PA algorithm is tested to solve the problem of IK for a four degree-of-freedom

(DOF) planar robot. The simulation results indicate that the PA algorithm outperforms other

approaches in terms of accuracy and the speed of convergence through the errors and the

decreasing of objective with iterations as mention in presented tables and figures, on top of being

able to successfully solve the IK problem with multiple robot configurations.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012132

6.5 Modeling and Anlysis for Diagnosis Skin Lesions using Modern Artificial

Swarm Intelligence Techniques (MASITs)

Mohanad Aljanabi, Ahmed R. Ajel, Aws Al-Azawi and Rawaa A. Abdul-Nab

Abstract: MASITs provides an optimum outcomes if it is not probable to become the solutions of

huge inflexible optimization difficulties. Computerized investigation of skin lesions is a significant

problem in data retrieval for medical imaging, it supports human experts to enhance their choice

construction for rapid and accurate analysis of unhealthy nevi and other skin diseases. In this article,

computerized investigation of skin lesions has been addressed, by an adjustment of controlling

swarm intelligence system (Artifical Bee Colony{ABC}).The modified system is hybridized with

a search technique for improved performance. Experimental outcomes on a level of medical

images of early diagnosis skin lesions confirmation that this technique outclasses conventional

mathematical approaches for the cases in the standard. It is identical good and regularly higher to

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advanced systems in the area in relationships of mathematical accuracy. The chief benefit of the

proposed technique is that this diagnosis can segment skin lesions by resolve images. So,

additional comprehensive features can be found from the segmented portion of the lesion, which

in turn contributes on organization medical service accuracy.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012133

6.6 Design Low Power Detection QPSK-Transceiver for UWB Techniques

Hamood Shehab Hamid, Mohammed Saeed Mohammed and Omar Ibrahim Mustafa

Abstract: This paper presents the implementation and investigation of the quarter phase shift

keying low power detection. The receiver is designed and modeled using Matlab. It was tested for

different values of SNR with a constant input signal power of 100 mW. The FFT based receiver

performance is measured theoretically by transmitting 1000 information symbols from the

transmitter end with 7 dB improvement at Bit Error Rate BER of 10e−4, Multi Modulation

Techniques Recommended and not Recommended are simulated in this research. In this research

the modulation method was selected on the basis of reducing rates of the interference in the UWB

communication techniques and the essential modulation should have several types of spectrum

random distribution methods to reduce the level of the interference on account of the impulse train

that transmitted.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012134

6.7 Interval type-2 and type-1 Fuzzy Logic Controllers for congestion avoidance in

internet routers

Hanan M Kadhim and Ahmed A Oglah

Abstract: Active queue management (AQM) scheme is an important research area in congestion

control. The AQM mechanism attains the congestion controller by regularize the length of queue

from evaluation or dropping the packets at the moderate routers. In this paper the interval type-2

and type-1 fuzzy logic controller are designed to desist the congestion in the networks. Several

evolutionary optimization algorithms are used to select the parameters of two controllers as particle

swarm optimization (PSO), social spider optimization (SSO) and ant colony Optimization (ACO).

The simulation of linearized model of TCP/AQM are introduced in MATLAB (R2018a). Results

of the PID like fuzzy type-1controller is compared with PID like interval type-2 fuzzy controller

(IT2-FLC) based on optimization algorithms in each controller and shows that IT2-FLC with SSO

has been given the best result.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012135

6.8 An integral sliding mode control for the magnetic levitation system based on

backstepping approach

Shibly Ahmed Al-Samarraie, Ivan Isho Gorial and Mustafa Hussein Mshari

Abstract: Due to their reduced maintenance costs, increased power efficiency and reduced power

consumption, the Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) system make a significant contribution to the

industrial application. Maglev's production of electricity (e.g. wind turbines), maglev trains and

medical devices (e.g. artificial heart pump magnetically suspended) are typical applications. This

paper suggests designing a nonlinear control for the Maglev system model which represented by

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a third-order model consists of the mechanical (ball position and velocity) and electrical (the

current) subsystems. The controller is designed utilizing the Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC)

and based on the Backstepping approach. The tracking accuracy of the ball position to the desired

reference is determined by computing the ultimate boundedness as a function to the controller

parameters and that using the Lyapunov function. The numerical simulation results showed the

robustness and the efficiency of the proposed controller where the tracking error limited by the

computed bound.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012136

6.9 Performance Evaluation of a Campus HotSpot Network in Baghdad

Habeeb.S. Habeeb, Hayam A. Al_Yasiri and Aseel.H. Al_Nakkash

Abstract: Wi-Fi evolving towards increase throughput and reduce delay enables providing reliable

and seamless internet in a public and private venue or what is addressed as hotspots. The

widespread of internet paves the road for smart cities and E-government systems development.

This includes the educational sector, where internet becomes an integral part of the educational

process. Deploying wireless Local Area Networks (LANs) in university campuses helps to provide

the students with knowledge and academic information. In this work, a site survey for a large scale

WiFi network deployed in Baghdad University College of Arts campus is conducted in order to

evaluate the network performance in terms of; coverage, interference, Quality of Services (QoS).

The statistical results obtained from the walk test are used to overcome the main problems and

suggest solution for performance enhancement.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012137

6.10 Design and Implementation of Intelligent MPPT Based on FPGA for PV

System

Mohanad H. Mahmood, Inaam I. Ali and Oday A. Ahmed

Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of intelligent maximum power point

tracking (MPPT) technique for Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed MPPT is based on the

fuzzy logic controller (FLC). FLCs have the benefit of being very easy to design as they don't need

accurate knowledge of the system and work well for the nonlinear system. The

MATLAB/Simulink was used to verify the proposed method, with three scenarios of environment

conditions. The DC-DC converter has been designed and simulated using PLECS simulation

software, then implemented practically in order to work as impedance matching between PV

source and load. The system was built based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and

connected to the PV panel and tested practically at the site for different environment conditions

and compared with measurements obtained using solar analyzer device. According to the

simulated and experimental results, the proposed method capable to find the maximum power

point (MPP) under different climate conditions excellently with compared to perturb and

observation (P&O) method. Also, it has very low oscillation about (MPP) and high response, as a

result, efficiency is enhanced, providing maximum power transfer to load.

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6.11 Modeling and simulation of 1kw single phase grid tied inverter for solar

photovoltaic system

Murtadha Jasim Hasan

Abstract: Solar energy is considered as fastest growing renewable energy source after wind energy

for electricity generation. And it is considered environmentally friendly. to effectively implements

intelligent systems that feed household generated surplus power to distribution feeder network,

modeling and simulation of the grid tied solar system is of high importance. The paper models the

1KW roof solar grid mooring system for the home connected to a 230-240 V single phase grid.

The study proposes a converter topology with an efficient output voltage control system that

synchronizes the phase, the frequency and voltage of the inverter with the network. The MPPT

DC-DC converter, controlled by Perturb and Observe (P&O), generates the maximum power when

it is detected that the mains voltage provides a control signal for the synchronous operation of the

converter and the drive with the mains voltage. The developed model has been implemented and

simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Dynamic changes in the network voltage have been

applied to evaluate the performance of the voltage controller and the DC-DC converter. The results

show that the power output to the network depends not only on the level of power quality, but also

on a rapid dynamic response to changes in voltage, phase and frequency, and the output of this

system is low, simple, profitable and efficient. For photovoltaic solar applications.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012139

6.12 Design and Software Implementation of Multilevel Diode Clamped Converter

Suha S Shyaa and Raaed F Hassan

Abstract: The work presented in this paper concerned with the design and software synthesis of

multilevel diode clamped converter. Two topologies of this type of converters have been

considered and tested. The first topology was three-level diode clamped converter, while the

second one was the five-level diode clamped converter. The major task of the proposed work is to

feed a three-phase load with semi-pure (low distorted) sinewave three-phase voltages. Simulation

results show that an approximately unity power factor, low harmonic distortion and balance of

capacitors voltages are achieved. The work presented for three level and five level to verify the

positive effect of increasing the level of converter. The digital simulation is performed using the

MATLAB / Simulink software.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012140

6.13 Improvement the Performance of MIMO Channel Employing Concatenation

(BCH –STBC) Codes.

Raad H. Thaher and Muntadher S. Abed

Abstract: Wireless communication system has been matured as a key technique to realize high data

rates, more handling power, and optimizing 5G applications to increase users rapidly. Due to the

issues of fading, it is difficult to obtain high data rates and maximum capacity. Different coding

schemes have been implemented to contend the effect of fading. Multiple – input multiple-output

(MIMO) technology remains robust technology besides channel coding. Here in this research

paper, concentrate on employing the available resources in the wireless communication system to

enhance the performance of the MIMO system when concatenated STBC code with forward error

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correction (FEC) code, such as (BCH) code without additional power or further bandwidth. The

outcomes show the coding technique gives better improvement in the BER and obtain good coding

gain when using BCH(31,16)-STBC, BCH(127,106)-STBC the coding gain is about 5.8 dB,3.7

dB consecutively under AWGN channel and improved by 13.25 dB, 9 dB successively under

Rayleigh fading channel at BER about 10−3, when compared with uncoded system. Additionally,

this research manifests that the proposed model gives the improvement in BER performance about

(5% to 86%)over AWGN channel and (6% to 100%) over Rayleigh fading channel when compared

with the uncoded system.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012141

6.14 Design and Implementation a New Real Time Overcurrent Relay Based on

Arduino MEGA

Ali Abdulsattar Hameed, Ahmed Jasim Sultan and Mehdi F. Booneya

Abstract: The relay is very important part of a power system to protect the electrical power system

from the disturbances. The new proposed relay is overcurrent relay OCR that be used to protect

the devices from any increasing of setting current. The new designs of OCR based on embedded

system that used to emulate two characteristics: Instantaneous and Definite Time, The

Instantinious work directly without any wait when the current exceed the max current that causes

system damage, the other type is working when the passing current exceeded the setting current

and at the same time the current continuous in a period of time. The proposed circuit which is used

with three-phase power system load depending on the Arduino Mega as a main controller of OCR.

The experimental results showed the reliability, sensitivity and flexibility under different operation

conditions. This relay was tested on the modern electric system from (Audubon company) to

several cases and the results showed the efficiency of the proposed OCR to protect the system.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012142

6.15 Analysis of Interference and Signal Quality in Cellular Wireless Networks

Sazan Al-Jaff, Oguz Bayat and Adheed Hassan Sallomi

Abstract: An analytical model to compute the effect of co-channel interference from the base

stations at the Multi-cell CDMA systems is proposed. The objective is to study the effect of

multiple-access interference generated by the neighbor cells on multi-cell CDMA and W-CDMA

systems capacity. The potential of adaptive antennas in interference reduction and signal quality

improvement in CDMA mobile communications systems is analyzed. The study shows that

improvement in base-station sensitivity can boost system performance.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012143

6.16 Implementation of the GPS microstrip circular patch antenna

S. H. Fadhil and R. H. Thaher

Abstract: A new design of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) microstrip antenna for the

military use at L2-band (1.227 GHz) is introduced. Some slots are etched in the circular patch of

the designed antenna to enhance the reflection coefficient (i.e. S11≤ −10 dB). The patch was

printed on epoxy substrate with relative dielectric constant εr = 4.3 and loss tangent (tanδ = 0.025)

with overall dimensions (70×70×1.6) mm3. The antenna was manufactured and checked with the

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help of the Vector Analyzer Network (VNA). It was found that there is a reasonable acceptance

between the simulation and practical results.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012144

6.17 Low Complexity Rate Compatible Puncturing For Future Communication

network

Ahmed Obaid Aftan, Muhammed Salah Sadiq, Mukhalad Alnasrawi, Mohanad Aljanabi and Fadhel A. Jumaa

Abstract: An efficient low complexity puncturing method has studied to achieve rate compatible.

The parallel concatenation codes are use mixing of one component of Quasi-Cyclic (QC) low-

density parity check codes LDPC codes with two components of (LDPC) in linear coding. The

proposed QC-PCGC have lower computation complexity when compared with traditional

punctured PCGC. The decreasing in the complexity analysis yields to the reducing in the memory

requirement for the encoding/decoding system. It is possible to use the suggested coding system

structure in the future communication applications like fifth generation (5G), where it is needed to

have coding flexibility, with less complexity in encoding and decoding.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012145

6.18 VoIP Performance Evaluation and Capacity Estimation Using different QoS

Mechanisms

Ahmmed Refaet, Muhanad A. Ahmed, Qais. Aish and Ali K. Jasim

Abstract: Data networks and new mobile networks (4G and 5G) deploy packet switching in their

core networks. Due to this architecture VoIP protocols has a wide deployment in these

environments. VoIP capacity and quality must be considered during VoIP protocols

implementations. The aim of QoS mechanisms is to satisfy voice traffic requirements; this is

deployed by using many tools like congestion management utilities, congestion avoidance utilities,

and link fragmentation tools. Each tool has an impact on voice performance. Queuing is very

important mechanisms in the traffic management system. Certain routers in data networks must

deploy some QoS tools that control how different packets are temporally buffered until

transmission on the interface. This paper studies the effect of different QoS tools on VoIP

application performance and capacity via OPNET simulation. Also, the maximum VoIP capacity

which gives accepted quality will be investigated.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012146

6.19 Photonic Antenna Design for Long Term Evolution Application

Hussein Ali Abdualnabi, Yasin Yousif Al-Aboosi and Adheed Hasan Sallomi

Abstract: Radio over fiber (RoF) technology is an appropriate solution of transmission media a

new fiber optic and cable development very high cost. The photonic antenna can crack this problem.

This paper focuses on the development of the photonic antenna concept in order to integrate the

antenna for long term evolution application. The proposed operating frequency range is 1.7 to 2.4

GHz which supports most of the spectrum used. The simulation of the designed an antenna by

using FR-4 the substrate is analyzed by using the Microwave studio (CST). This project presents

a proposed design for the Long-Term Evolution application in the close area by analyzes from the

S-parameter characteristics.

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https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012147

6.20 Compact 3x1 Elements Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna for Cognitive Radio

Applications

Abdullah A Jabber, Ali Khalid Jassim and Raad H Thaher

Abstract: This paper presents, compact multiband frequency reconfigurable 3x1 MIMO antenna

for cognitive radio applications. The antenna comprises 3-elements reconfigurable MIMO antenna

and single element UWB sensing antenna. The frequency reconfigurability range under (S11 ≤ -

10 dB) from 7-14.8 GHz using single PIN diode, while the UWB frequency range from 2.597-

23.08 GHz. The antenna is designed and optimized to cover such wireless applications such as

WiMAX, international telecommunication union (ITU), satellite, and broadband applications. The

antenna is optimized using a Genetic Algorithm to operate in the MIMO and cognitive radio

systems. The antenna dimensions for 3-elements MIMO antenna are 55 x 65 x 1.6 mm3 printed on

an FR-4 epoxy substrate with relative dielectric constant εr = 4.3, loss tangent tan (δ) = 0.002 and

50 Ω microstrip feed line. The obtained simulated gain is ranging from 2.8-8.25 dB and the

maximum simulated gain is 8.25 dB at 8.5 GHz. The return loss, Envelope Correlation Coefficient

ECC, and Isolation are obtained to be less than -25 dB, less than 0.018, and less than -17 dB

respectively. Detailed simulation results are explored and studied in this research. The CST

software is used to simulate and optimize the proposed antenna.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012148

6.21 Texture Analysis of Mammogram Using Histogram of Oriented Gradients

Method

Athraa H. Farhan and Mohammed Y. Kamil

Abstract: The second foremost reason for dying ladies all across the world is breast cancer. The

possibilities of survival can be raises when cancer detects earlier; therefore, the mortality reduction.

The radiologist used mammograms to recognize breast tumors at an early level. Since the

mammograms have little contrast, hence, it is unclear to the radiologist to distinguish small tumors.

A computer-aided detection system contributes to explaining mammograms and helps the

radiologist to indicate the appearance of breast mass and discriminate among normal and abnormal

tissue. In this research, we introduce a histogram of oriented gradients as a method of feature

extraction and identify mass regions in mammograms. The features extraction from this method

classified by a support vector machine. To improve the diagnosis ability, contrast limited adaptive

histogram equalization pre-processing system is utilized. Mini-MIAS database used to estimate

this approach. The top accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained are 90%, 69%, 100%,

respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012149

6.22 Design of Multi-band Slotted mmWave Antenna for 5G Mobile Applications

Mohammad B Almashhdany, Oras A Al-Ani, Ahmed M A Sabaawi, Mohamed A Altaee, Naba J Hussein and Fatima A H Abdelreda

Abstract: In this paper, the design of a compact microstrip patch antenna for the 5G communication

is proposed. The proposed antenna has a compact structure of 10×10×0.245 mm3 including the

ground plane. The operating frequency for the antenna is in the 30 GHz band, which covers the

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5G proposed band regarding the signal speed and data transmission, as well as the high spectral

efficiencies. By using CST software, the analysis and performance of the antenna on a FR-4

dielectric substrate has been presented. Simulations show that the reflection coefficient of all

operating frequencies is below -14 dB, which met the requirments of future 5G applications. In

this work, the geometry of the presented antenna and its related parameters such as S-parameters

and radiation pattern plots as well as gain values are presented and discussed in detail.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012150

6.23 Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Hybrid, Active Power Filters, for Harmonic

Mitigation

Mohammed W. Yasin, Ali Abdul Abbas Abdullah Al Bakry and Ahmed Jasim Sultan

Abstract: In industrial applications which include power systems, it notices that, harmonics which

generated due to nonlinear load (power electronic switches) cause issues for the power quality.

Generally, the rectifiers accounted as one of the main elements which produce currents harmonics,

where these harmonics will transmit through power system and the generated harmonic distortion

will be led to enormous issue and damage for the equipment's. This study deals with hybrid active

filter that consist of shunt active power filter(APF) and passive power filter(PPF) in series with

grid based on the instantaneous active and reactive current component (id–iq) control strategy to

calculate the reference signal of compensation current which is needed to cancelled the non-linear

load current. Furthermore, this new technique method handles with adaptive fuzzy logic control

with proportional integral control(PI) to obtain perfect controllable dc input of the inverter across

capacitor. Therefore, ac output voltage of active power filter with assist of passive power filter is

the desirable value in magnitude and frequency, this led to achieve a perfect attenuation of

harmonics, where both harmonics and reactive power are compensating. The simulation results

show that, the new control method is very effective to reduce harmonic and improve power quality.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012151

6.24 Modeling and Simulation of A Low Cost Perturb& Observe and Incremental

Conductance MPPT Techniques In Proteus Software Based on Flyback

Converter

Ameer L. Saleh, Adel A. Obed, Zainab Abdullah Hassoun and Salam J. Yaqoob

Abstract: A photovoltaic (PV) panel that extracted the electrical energy from the sunlight energy

is as nonlinear in nature with respect to the weather conditions such as solar irradiance and ambient

temperature. Hence, the PV panel characteristics are exhibited a nonlinear P-V and I-V

characteristics. Therefore, a one-point in the nonlinear PV characteristics at which the power is

maximum. For this reason, the maximum power of the PV panel can be extracted using maximum

power point tracking (MPPT) technique, the efficiency of the PV panel is increased. This MPPT

technique is implemented using a suitable DC/DC converter linked with a corrected load resistance.

In this paper, isolated flyback DC/DC converter is used to implement the MPPT techniques of low

cost perturb& observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC) algorithms that represent the

main controller in the PV system. The Proteus software is used to modeling and simulate the PV

panel model that integrated with MPPT under variable cell temperature and solar irradiance and

its control. Each technique is simulated with the PV model, flyback converter and a resistance load

in order to the comparison between their performances. The results show that the P&O technique

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is tracked faster than the INC technique but the fluctuation is higher. On other hand, more power

form the PV panel is obtained in INC technique which is lead to that the INC is more efficient than

the P&O algorithm.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012152

6.25 Evaluate the effectiveness of cylindrical cooling holes embedded in arc trench

over flat plate surface using infra-red technology

Wisam A Ajlan, Harbi A Daud and Nabil J Yasin

Abstract: The present study employed Infra-Red Technology (IRT) to show and measure flat plate

surface temperature. Experimental investigation of film cooling holes was achieved. The effect of

blowing ratio for the Perspex flat plate samples was obtained using Thermal Image camera and

Thermal Wind Tunnel (TWT). A flat plate with (240 mm long x 8 mm height x 120 mm width)

was fabricated using the CNC machine. Namely, 9 film cooling holes (4 mm diameter) are placed

as one row at a lateral spacing of pitch equal to three times of hole diameter with 35° angle of

injection. Infra-Red Technology (IRT) was used to examine the ejected cooling air experimentally

through increasing injection BR (BR=0.5, 1 and 1.5). So far, in terms of film cooling performance,

the experimental result illustrates noticeable improvement achieved at BR=1 due to a reduction in

plat surface temperature. Thermocouple technology was also used in this study by embedding 8

thermocouples in the flat place surface to measure the temperature of the coolant in the midline

along the surface. The transient temperature along plate was measured for each BR during the first

500 sec of the test. Consequently, the lower the blowing ratio, the more stable increment in

temperature points (gradually increasing) with longer testing time to reach steady state after 1500

sec. Moreover, the cylindrical holes model provides better film cooling efficiency at BR=1 and the

arc trench model gave the best enhancement ineffectiveness at BR=0.5 and 1. It was found that,

the experimental results were in excellent matching with previous published results. Finally, IRT

shows successfully the qualitative temperature distribution on the plate surface.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012153

6.26 Blade Shape Optimization of Savonius Wind Turbine at Low Wind Energy

by Artificial Neural network

Sarah Ali Al-Shammari, Abdul Hassan Karamallah and Sattar Aljabair

Abstract: Recently, vertical axis wind turbine specially Savonius type due to their positive

properties and capabilities have picked up a significant consideration. This article deals with the

use of artificial neural network to predict optimum blade shape design for enhanced power

coefficient value for savonius wind turbine at low wind speed numerically with commercial code

software ANSYS-CFX. The simulations included the analysis of many models used to learn

artificial neural network to predict the optimum blade shape of savonius wind turbine at wind

speed 3m/s and tip speed ratio TSR of 0.8. The performance of optimal and conventional model is

studied at wide range of TSR (0.2-1.2). The obtained enhancement ratio in power coefficient is

55%. The obtained results point out that optimal blade shape Savonius wind turbine is better than

semicircular blade at rang of TSR (0.6-1.1) that mean is more suitable for applying in urban area

environment where the complex condition and low wind speed range.

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7 Renewable Energy

7.1 The effect of aspect ratio on heat transfer in a square cavity filled with a porous

medium

M A Theeb

Abstract: Two dimensional mathematical model of an enclosure filled with a porous medium and

heated from the lower end with various values of the width to height ratio (aspect ratio) has been

studied in the present article. A two dimensional free convection model has been solved

numerically using finite difference technique to evaluate the streamlines, isotherm lines, and the

average Nusslet number. The set values where; Rayleigh number of 106, Prandtl number of 0.72,

and aspect ratio ranging from 1:4 to 4:1. The model has been validated and the results showed that

the aspect ratio has a clear effect on the average Nusselt number and that increasing the flow rate

for aspect ratio form 1:4 to 4:1.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012155

7.2 Experimental Evaluation of Fresnel's lens solar concentrator in Iraq

Ahmed H. Obaid, Assaad Al Sahlani and Adel A Eidan

Abstract: This work presents an experimental study to utilize extreme sun rays temperature via

Fresnel's lens concentrate using a solar tracking system. The experimental rig consists of a freely

rotating two-axis frame that is controlled by an electronic circuit that implements Arduino and

stepper motors as a control system to adjust the position of the Fresnel's lens focal by moving the

motors accordingly. The focal of the sunray is to be maintained stationary at a fixed position to

ensure continuity of heat flow on the absorption plate. The experimental results showed that the

focal temperature reached as high as 422° C when the ambient temperature was 17° C. Observing

the results, gives an idea of promising ability to use the Fresnel's lens in a wide range of renewable

energy applications such as heating and heat storage.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012156

7.3 Fabrication of magnetic water system for drip irrigation by using solar energy

Kadhim Fadhil Naser, Haider Al-Hamadani, Mustafa H. Waroish and Haider F. Mahmood

Abstract: In present investigation solar power-driven irrigation system for magnetic water was

established experimentally via the improvement of greater efficiency, economic solar Photovoltaic

(PV) cell panels. This system reduced the using the oil fuel for power-driven irrigation systems

and reduction in greenhouse gasses. The work was established in outdoor for 7 days and seven

different water volume flow rates namely 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2 Litter per minute

(L/min).experiment tests on a half hourly foundation, from 8:00am to 16:00pm, with gage pressure,

water flow rate, moisture, solar intensity, temperature, current, voltage measurements throughout

each experiment. The results shown that directly influence of solar intensity on energy construction,

also it is shown inversely proportional relationship between water flow rate and salinity of water.

This system can pump and desalinate water from sewage or groundwater into the ground.

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7.4 Design of a Smart Energy Management System for Photovoltaic Stand-Alone

Building

Alaa Kh Abbas, Adel A Obed and Ahmed J Abid

Abstract: PV stand-alone buildings, that depend completely on PV array, are suffering from the

uncertainty of the supplied power due to weather conditions. To manage this uncertainty and

reduce the risk of completely losing power, the proposed system offers a design that able to manage

the consumed power according to the produced energy, battery capacity, and weather conditions,

it also gives permission for the user to select its load priorities. A hardware prototype has been

built to simulate all the system possible states included; PV voltage & current, the battery capacity,

PV produced power, the loads. An ESP32 microcontroller has been used to adapt accurate

forecasting and loads management strategy with a prediction model for managing the consumed

energy with hourly and two days ahead planning. The results show a promising module that able

to manage the stand-alone building energy without affecting the quality of life.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012158

7.5 The Optimum Theoretical Design of Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube by using a

Technique of Multiple Attribute Decision Making

Fouad Alwan, Abdual Wahab A. Taha and Qasim Abbas Dawood

Abstract: The vortex tube is one of the devices used in refrigeration and air conditioning. This

device is characterized by many features, including ease of manufacture, low cost, no need of

maintenance, and does not produce any harmful waste for the environment, also rather it is one of

the applications of environmentally friendly renewable energies. The Ranque _Hilsch vortex tube

is used in medical purposes, the airplane cabins, cooling or heating of gases, and gases component

separation. In present research, a theoretical and numerical study has been prepared to predict the

expected temperature of the vortex tube according to the following variables: inlet pressure range

(1.5-6.0 bar), the length-to-diameter ratio is 10, 13, 16 and19, and the ratio of mass cold air to the

interior air is 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. Also, the multi-attribute decision-making technique (MADM)

was used to rearrange the results that were studied according to the importance of parameters and

available data. According to Weighted Sum Method (WSM) and Technique for Order of

Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) the optimize choice at L/d = 13 with

temperature drop 69.6 °C, pressure 6 bar, cold mass fraction µ = 0.2 and COP = 0.09127, by

Weighted Product Method (WPM) the results showed that the optimum choice at L/d = 13 with

temperature drop 62.6 °C, pressure 6 bar, cold mass fraction µ = 0.4 and COP = 0.16312

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012159

7.6 Numerical Investigation of 2D Turbulent Flow past a Circular Cylinder at Lower

Subcritical Reynolds Number

K M Sowoud, A A Al-Filfily and B H. Abed

Abstract: The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the applicability of the standard k-

ε turbulence model in engineering practice in the subcritical flow regimes. Also, examine the

influence of Reynolds number variation on the flow characteristics are considered. The

numerically simulation of the flow characteristics over a smooth uniform cross section circular

cylinder with a diameter of 50 mm and 400mm span, placed horizontally perpendicular to the main

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flow direction at four different Reynolds numbers (Re) based on the cylinder diameter (D) and the

undisturbed free-stream velocity in the range Re=(0.5,0.7,0.85 and 1.0) ×105 were performed. The

simulated results of the flow properties such as flow stream velocity components, pressure

distribution contours, pressure coefficient (Cp) and drag coefficient(CD) around the circular

cylinder were consider. The numerical analysis obtain by CFD using ANSYS FLUNET (19.1)

with K-ε turbulence model, for solving the 2D (ANSE) governing equation for tested model were

consider. The present simulation results validation is obtained by comparing the converged results

with published numerical and experimental data.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012160

7.7 Determination of Wind Shear Coefficients and Conditions of Atmospheric

Stability for Three Iraqi Sites

Ali K Resen, Ahmed B Khamees and Saif F Yaseen

Abstract: The coefficient of wind shear at low and high frequencies, from diurnal and seasonal

variations to disturbance caused by weather patterns, is subject to temporal fluctuations, but in

many cases, the coefficient of wind shear assumed as a constant. This presumption causes major

resource management errors, raises instability in projects and potentially affects the ability to

control the wind turbines connected to the grid. Hourly average of 10 m wind speed with a standard

(50 m) height employed to estimate the WSC with the well-known power equation for the wind

profile law. This paper estimates WSC from wind speed data on three sites in Iraq. Monthly wind

speed and wind direction changes were determined for these locations. The variations of WSC in

one year are (0.23, 0.2, and 0.35) for Al-Shehabi, Al-Najaf, and Al-Fajer respectively. In the

summer months (June to September) it is obvious that average wind speeds in all select areas

increase while in other seasons they are almost decreasing. The WSC had neural diurnal and

monthly variations. Due to the increased temperature at this period of year, WSC has decreased at

mid-day, and this is valid for all studied site during the winter and summer days. The stability of

atmosphere conditions was determined as stable, stable, and strongly stable for Al-Shehabi, Al-

Najaf and Al-Fajer sites respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012161

7.8 Numerical Modelling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of (TiO2-Water)

Nanofluids in Wavy duct

Safaa A. Ghadhban, Salah Haji Abid Aun and Kadhum Audaa Jehhef

Abstract: This paper investigates numerically pressure drop and forced convection heat transfer of

TiO2-water nanofluids laminar flow through a horizontal curvilinear form or wavy duct with using

four baffle height ratio h/H=0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45. This flow has been investigated assuming

constant wall heat flux boundary condition by using ANSYS-Fluent with the finite volume method

to discretize the nanofluids. The study has aimed to show the possibility of intensification of heat

transfer by adding nanoparticles to the main coolant. The model employed in this study is a single

phase (homogenous and dispersion). The effects of various factors, such as Reynolds number (Re)

and nanoparticle concentration ( ), on the flow field and thermal distribution of the Nanofluids,

have been analysed. The present results show that nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds

number play a prevalent role in the horizontal wavy duct. The Nusselt number has increased by

54 % when using high nanoparticle concentration of (0.4 vol. %) at high Reynolds number of

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(1250), also the skin friction factor increased by (32%) in the same conditions. The results provide

good predictions to enhancement the heat transfer. Predictably, as nanoparticle volume fraction

and/or the Reynolds number increases, the heat transfer increases. However, the flow is

accompanied by high friction factor and consequently, higher pressure drop.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012162

7.9 A Smart Embedded System for Humid Air Condensation and Water Harvesting

M A Mohammad, A J Abid and A D Farhood

Abstract: The people in the south of Iraq in the coastal region of the Arabian Gulf, especially in

the Basra government, are suffering from waves of high humidity throughout the year, average

annual humidity of 60.6 %. The increment of salinity of the Shatt-Al-Arab river, the main source

of the drinking water in this city, effected by the gulf water caused a lack of drinking water. What

made matters worse is the frequent power outages caused by many reasons, one of these reasons

that Basra considers one of the highest temperature cities in the world. For that, it is required to

design an efficient device to harvest the water from the air to reduce the humidity and consider as

a source for drinking water, taking into consideration it's adopting a renewable source of energy.

This article is presenting a low cost, portable, power-efficient, multi-purpose device that able to

harvest water from the air efficiently. The results show a promising prototype that able to reduce

significantly the relative humidity (RH), produce water, and consumed low power, with overall

efficiency 40%-60%.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012163

7.10 Numerical study for the ventilation with solar chimney under effect of

different location and the shape of the section opening window

Ahamed Q. Mohamed, Ahmed K Alshara and Hussein M. Mitlaik

Abstract: Heat transfer process and fluid flow in a solar chimney used for natural ventilation are

investigated numerically in the present work. Solar chimney was tested by selecting different

positions and shape of window namely: at the up, middle, and bottom side, as well as for horizontal

and vertical and square shape windows. CFD analysis based on finite volume method is used to

predict the thermal performance, and air flow in three dimensional solar chimney under steady

state condition, to identify the effect of different parameters such as solar radiation. Results show

that a solar chimney with horizontal at the bottom of the Room better ventilation performance.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012164

7.11 Compressive strength and shrinkage of concrete containing calcium oxide

(CaO) powder

Zainab H. Mahdi, Waleed A. Abbas, Faisal K. Abdulhussein, Mays R. Abdulghani and Mustafa Q. Hasan

Abstract: In this study, CaO powder was added in proportions (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5) % by weight of

cement to concrete mixtures with mixing ratios (1: 2: 4 and 1: 1.5: 3). The ratio of water to cement

used in mixing was 0.48 and 0.25 with 2% of superplasticizer (KUT PLAST Sp 400). The results

showed that when adding CaO to the mixture (1: 2: 4) the highest compressive strength was for

samples containing 2% CaO. Where the percentage of increase was 69.23% at 28 days age

compared to the reference specimen of mixture (1: 2:4). The lowest percentage of shrinkage for

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specimens containing 1.5% CaO in the laboratory atmosphere at 25° C and humidity was 65%,

while the specimens that were in the outside atmosphere at 40° C and humidity 20 % were lower

percentages (0.673 and 0.405) %, respectively, compared with reference specimen of the same

mixture. The results also showed that when the mixing ratio (1:1.5:3), the highest compressive

strength was for specimens containing 2.5% CaO, and the lowest shrinkage was for samples

containing 1.5% CaO. As the percentage of increase in compressive strength reached (73.58) % at

the age of 28 days compared to the reference specimen of mixture (1:1.5: 3) and the percentage of

decrease in shrinkage for specimens that were in the laboratory and outside atmosphere (7.44 and

7.77) %, respectively, compared to the reference specimens.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012165

7.12 Effect of calcium carbonate treated crumb rubber and oil palm fruit fibre on

the mechanical properties of mortar

Amjad A. Sharba

Abstract: The present research was conducted to trace the influence of calcium carbonate by

treating crumb rubber and exploiting oil palm fruit fibre (OPFF) incorporated mortars. The

mechanical properties of treated crumb rubber and the addition of OPFF mortar being added at

0.5% OPFF and crumb rubber replacement of 0-30% by volume of aggregate were examined. The

composites were subjected to compression, split tensile test, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and

flexural test. The use of calcium carbonate by treating crumb rubber showed a recovery in the

losses of rubberized mortar strength. The percentage 0.5% of OPFF added to the composite

showed enhancement to the compressive strength, split tensile strength, UPV and flexural strength

of the mortar composites. These findings provide a future possibility for using such wastes to

decrease the negative effect on the environment they cause and increase the mechanical properties

of composites they are added to.

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8 Civil Engineering

8.1 Stress-strain behaviour and flexural strength of silica fume polymer-modified

concrete

Thaer Matlab Mezher, Khalid Mohammed Breesem, Douread Raheem Hassen and Azhar Ayad Jaafar

Abstract: The adding of silica fume to mix is becoming a huge benefit due to an improvement of

mechanical properties. The percent of adding is very important to get targeted mechanical

properties. This study investigates the behaviour of polymer modified concrete (PMC) modified

with different percentages of silica fume as a percentage of cement weight. Using silica fume

powder leads to improve the behaviour of the stress-strain diagram until 10% from the weight of

cement, and to increase the values of modulus of elasticity. More dosages of silica fume decrease

the modulus of elasticity. The modulus of elasticity increased from 27932 MPa for reference mixes

to 43029 MPa for mixes having 10% silica fume powder. Also the of flexural strength increases

by increasing silica fume to 12.5%, then after this value is dropped. All of the tensile strength,

flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity have been studied in this investigation.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012167

8.2 The application of six sigma - supported expert system in construction projects

Mohammed A M Salih, Awss H Mahmoud and Batool A Khalaf

Abstract: Certain methods and techniques are usually applied in the construction industry to ensure

a level of quality necessary to make a project proportionally capable of meeting the terms and

requirements set in its contract. The research was conducted on Al-Rumaitha residential project

where lack of quality was detected in a number of concrete samples. Actually low-quality samples

picked up indicated that low-quality concrete was casted onto the third-story roofs of buildings

A25 and A26 and second-story roofs buildings A27 – A 33. The same holds true to the samples

taken from the upper roofs of the buildings A15, A16 and A19. This is a research that aims at

improving the quality of the concrete used in construction projects while reducing, to the extent

possible, any deviations from the quality targeted. To achieve that goal, the process capability was

checked via the application of the components of the Six Sigma approach, namely: the define

measure, analyze, improve, control (DMAIC). Additionally, dispersions, whenever found, were

also taken into considerations with the aim being to improve each stage of the project separately.

Moreover, an expert-system program was devised to facilitate the application of first, second and

third elements of the (DMAIC) (i.e. the definition, measurement and analysis) while leaving the

fourth element (improvement) to suggestions on what changes to be made to enhance the quality

to the targeted level. Finally, accomplishing the fifth element (control) was to be done by reviewing

and controlling the improvements attained through the preceding stages so as to maintain the level

of Sigma accomplished. Besides its ability to achieve accurate results necessary to reach the

targeted quality level, the application of the Six Sigma approach also enriches the overall process

since the data collected by the tests would be part of the database to be used to feed the expert-

system program, hence improving the quality of the project. As a conclusion, the research shows

that applying the Six Sigma index to construction projects helps in improving the quality of the

concrete consistently while maintaining the costs within specific ranges. This makes Six Sigma an

appropriate approach to be adopted whenever improving the quality desired would not affect the

costs, which is contrary to raising the quality of the concrete to the highest level possible, where

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Six Sigma appears to be inappropriate and where CPk index proves to be the best suitable

alternative.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012168

8.3 Characteristics of Selected Off-Street Parking in AL-Mansour Neighborhood /

Baghdad

Ali M Al-Tamimi and Noor Moutaz Asmael

Abstract: Car Parking is an important problem occurs in attracted zones in Baghdad city. Al-

Mansour neighborhood is a commercial center in Baghdad city, which highly attract people from

various zones. Limited parking spaces are provided in this area leads to appearance of traffic

problems. Al-Mansour neighborhood is the study area that was chosen for surveying its parking

(off-street parking). The purpose of the study is evaluating of characteristics of off street parking

in Al-Mansour city. Four parking was selected, three located nearby AL-Mansour Mall and the

others nearby Babylon Mall. From the results showed that PI of P4 is 103.33%, that mean demand

is more than supply. The license plate method is used for collected data that used in assessing

characteristics of parking in area such as parking duration, peak hours and parking turnover. Two

kinds of data are collected, first about site characteristics, and the second is about parking vehicles

accumulation sketch. Collected data in this study is from surveying each park for two days at PM

period, all the data collected manually.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012169

8.4 Locating Site Selection for Rainwater Harvesting Structure using Remote

Sensing and GIS

M A Khudhair, K N Sayl and Y Darama

Abstract: Rainfall is a key source to diminish the problem of water scarcity in the arid and semi-

arid regions. Rainwater harvesting is considered an imperious tool for rainwater conservation.

Locating the appropriate location for rainwater harvesting structure plays an important role to

increase water availability and improve water resources planning. The main goal of this paper is

to recognize the proper location for a rainwater harvesting structure using a suitability model

generated with ModelBuilder in ArcGIS. Six thematic layers i.e. soil structure, slope, drainage

density, vegetation cover, distance to the roads, and runoff depth, are considered to find the proper

site for rainwater harvesting structure. The result shows that 12% represents the suitable zone of

the total study area, 42% represents the medium suitable area, and 46% represents not suitable

areas to implement rainwater harvesting structure. The application of this scheme should maintain

any policy adoption for site selection for rainwater harvesting.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012170

8.5 Developing a pavement maintenance management system of multi-lane

highway in Iraq

M A Hasan, B K Jrew, F H Abed and M S Msallam

Abstract: Roads and highways are a major part of the transportation infrastructure in Iraq and play

a substantial role in the local economy and community development. This research aims to develop

a pavement maintenance management system (PMMS) for the highway which provides a

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systematic process of maintaining and upgrading the pavement and tools to facilitate a more

flexible approach that can enable us to perform better tasks, more economically, effectively and of

higher quality. The research study was conducted on a section of the main multi-lane highway in

Baghdad, from Al-Dora intersection to Al-Mahmudiya district. The study area was divided into

(20) sections. Each section divided into (40) sample units with size (250) m2. This highway is

considered as a major highway with high traffic volume in Iraq. The updating Micro PAVER

v.7.0.8 software was used for assessment and prediction of the condition of highway pavement

and maintenance cost for existing conditions (Time of the study survey has occurred in 2018), the

maintenance plan has been for short-term conditions (2018-2023) and medium-term conditions

(2018-2027). The study shows that the PCI of the existing conditions was rating as (poor) with

90,434.00$ maintenance cost. The PCI of short-term condition was the rating (satisfactory) with

13, 497, 448, 00$ maintenance cost. The PCI of medium-term condition was the rating (good) with

18, 756, 142, 00$ maintenance cost. All highways in Iraq needs to be reconsidered for future

maintenance plans to improve the quality of service of these facilities.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012171

8.6 The reasons and proposed treatments for the housing problem in Iraq

Intissar Kadori Jumaah, Seda Sarkis Mesrop and Thaer Jasim Mohammed

Abstract: Iraq suffers from a housing problem, especially if it knows that there is a huge population

deficit in Iraq estimated at more than 3 million housing units corresponding to a large variation in

housing construction rates. Which led to the aggravation of the housing problem in the country.

Therefore, it requires the responsible authorities to accelerate the adoption of a new strategy to

solve the housing problem. The principle of establishing low cost residential complexes is based

on adopting multi-storey residential buildings of 3 to 4 floors. The characteristic of these buildings

in terms of suitable population densities, effective and economical use of the land. Thus, reducing

housing costs to meet the large deficit and the growing population demand. For the target year

2040, the expected population of Baghdad will be increasing 11174249 people. So, the estimate

of the housing need for the city of Baghdad 2040 need to 1196340 housing units. General, adoption

of multi-storey housing (3-4) is the solution to eliminate the housing problem.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012172

8.7 Calculating the Vertical Displacement using the Method of Least Squares

Adjustment and 3D Objects Fitting

Nagham A. Abdulateef, Yousif H. Khalaf and M Al-Bakri

Abstract: In this research, the Iraqi flagpole in Baghdad University, which is the longest flagpole

in Baghdad, with a height of 75m, was monitored. According to the importance of this structure,

the calculation of the displacement (vertical deviation) in the structure monitored using the Total

Station device, where several observation were taken at different times for a period of two years

the monitoring started from November 2016 until May 2017, at a rate four observations for one

year. And the observation processed using the least square method, and the fitting of circles, then

the data was processed and the deviation was calculated using Matlab program with calculating

the values of corrections, where the mathematical laws have been programmed in a format that

suits the program, observation have been entered and correction were made on them, calculating

corrected values and the amount of error between the observed and calculated values. The

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deviation was between (0.720 to 0.759)m during the observation period. The Auto CAD program

and the 3D MAX program used to product the two-dimensional (2D) and (3D) Models of the

structure.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012173

8.8 Mechanical and sustainability assessment of induction heatable asphalt tiles and

asphalt pellets in road maintenance

Hadel Obaidi

Abstract: In this paper, two new methods for pothole repairing are proposed, assessed and

compared. The first method is a combination of a prefabricated asphalt tile and a bonding layer

that can be placed into a sanitized pothole and bonded by applying electromagnetic induction

heating. The second approach consists of the prefabrication of asphalt pellets that can directly fill

a given pothole and be heated by induction. By combining prefabrication and on-site induction

heating, both methods offer high-quality mechanical performance while reducing the production

of debris and noxious fumes. They can also improve work conditions for operators and the

cost/time efficiency of road maintenance. In this research, both technologies were experimentally

assessed through mechanical properties, such as tensile and shear strength and demonstrated by

repairing potholes previously created on testing slabs and subjected to wheel tracking tests.

Furthermore, the innovative patching materials have been evaluated from energy consumption.

Both methods obtained very satisfactory results, showing excellent durability much more similar

to a new road than to a road repaired with current techniques frequently used.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012174

8.9 Change in land-uses of Ramadi city and its influence on public transportation

sustainability

N. A. Ahmed and T. S. Mahmood

Abstract: The transportation system in the city of Ramadi, like other Iraqi cities, suffers from many

problems for many reasons, notably, changing land uses there. Since the mid-nineties, the change

from residential to commercial use was common in Ramadi, and the absence of successful and

sustainable planning has exacerbated the problems more due to a large number of planning

violations. Here lies the problem of the study, which is the negative impact of the change on the

sustainability of urban transportation. In order to address such problems, there is a need for in-

depth knowledge of the impact ratios and their reasons for resolving the various transportation

changes under study, which is the sustainability of public transport for its significance, and it is

deeply affected by changes in land uses. The aim of the study stems from impact standardization

and its spatial location and analyzing it by using geographic information systems. The model can

be adopted and circulated to the rest of the Iraqi cities in order to present a vision to address the

negative impact resulting from the change in land uses and to achieve the goals of sustainable

planning for the urban area.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012175

8.10 Effect of Palm Fibers on Asphalt Pavement Properties

Ahmed Aljubory, Alaa Saadi Abbas and A F Bdan

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Abstract: The continuous population growth around the world associated with industries

development results in considerable amounts of waste materials. Therefore, a series concern has

arisen to find environmentally safe treatment for these wastes. This research aims to study the

possibility of using palm fibers locally available as waste materials in asphalt pavement industry.

In particular, this work investigates the volumetric properties and tensile strength of asphalt

mixtures manufactured with palm fibers. Asphalt mixtures were prepared with five contents of

palms fibers (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) % by weight of aggregate passing sieve No. 4 to compare their

properties with that of traditional mixtures. Marshall and indirect tensile strength (ITS) test

methods were conducted to evaluate the volumetric and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures.

It can be concluded that adding this type of fiber to asphalt mixtures is possible. It was found that

adding different contents of palm fiber has generally increased the density, voids filled with asphalt,

and tensile strength and decreased the voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) of asphalt mixtures.

However, no inflection points can be noticed on the curves of these properties. That might suggest

investigating more palm fiber contents to find its optimum.

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9 Transportation Engineering, Ocean and Marine Engineering

9.1 Influence of Compaction Method on Rutting Resistance of Hot Mix Asphalt

Namir Ahmed Alkawaaz and Noor Moutaz Asmael

Abstract: The main goal of the present investigation is the comparison between conventional

Marshall and Superpave design methods for resistance to rutting if applied in the mix design of

the wearing course layers in flexible pavements. Detailed work is completed to accomplish the

goals of the study by implementing Marshall and Superpave specimens through utilizing aggregate

from AL-Taji Quarry and asphalt cement with (40-50) grade from Dourah refinery plant and one

sort of mineral filler. Specimens were fabricated by Marshall and Superpave methods and tested

by creep tests to evaluate the strain for these mixes. The effect of compaction method and additives

were investigated on the performance of these mixes. From the analysis results, it appears that; the

Superpave blends are increasingly practical as compared to those with conventional Marshall

blends. In addition, adding carbon fibers and lime to the blends decreases the strain mixture. It is

additionally seen that the Superpave Gyratory compactor is equipped for accomplishing lower air

void contents than the Marshall hammer. Furthermore, the Superpave mix reflects better resistance

against permanent deformation. Finally, the present study recognizes the importance of using the

Superpave system for design asphalt mix instead of the Marshall method in Iraq.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012177

9.2 Enhanced asphalt mixture behavior by using khawa clay to resist deformation

Abdulhaq Hadi Abedali and Ebtehal Khalid Hameed

Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the effect of adding bentonite (khawa clay) on the asphalt

mixture response represented by reducing total accumulative deformation. Asphalt cement with

penetration grade of (40-50) and optimum asphalt content of 4.9 was used. Bentonite with different

percentages of (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% by total weight of asphalt cement) was used. The asphalt

mixtures were tested by uniaxial creep test under static load at two test temperature (40°C

and,60°C) and the applied stress used 600 KPa. From the experimental result of rotational viscosity

after and before the addition of bentonite at two temperatures 135°C and 165°C, it can be seen that

the viscosity of the asphalt cement was enhanced when adding 9% of Khawa clay to around 126%

percent of improvement in viscosity at 135°C and about 195% at 165°C. The improvement in the

viscosity of asphalt leads to a decrease in the accumulative strain.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012178

9.3 Optimization of Eco-friendly Pavement Concrete Mixture Using Response

Surface Methodology

Jasim Z. Al-Fahdawi and Qais Sahib Banyhussan

Abstract: The premature deterioration of pavement concrete structures under loading has led to the

development of high-performance concrete. It is required that pavement concrete must have high

strength properties because it is subjected to destructive traffic loads. The main purpose of the

present study is to design optimum Eco-friendly concrete mixtures containing different amount of

silica fume used in rigid pavement matching Iraqi requirements by using Response Surface

Methodology (RSM). The experiments were designed using a thirty mixtures with four factors,

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namely, the cement content 300,350 and 400 kg/m3, water/cementitious ratio of 0.3, 0.40 and 0.5,

three different amount of fine/course ratios0.3,0.4 and 0.5, and 0, 5, and 10% Silica fume by weight

of cement. The results stated that, cement amount and silica fume ratios are the higher factors

affecting the mechanical properties followed by fine-to-course aggregate and water-to-

cementisous ratio. Furthermore, good correlation between the adopted variables and mechanical

properties (compressive and flexural strength) was found through statistical models, where the

correlation coefficients R2 for all models were greater than 0.95. finally, the optimal components

to design concrete mixtures used in pavement that having compressive strength of (>30 Mpa) and

flexural strength of (> 4.1 Mpa) where found to be: cement 365 kg/m3, silica fume 3.9%, F/C ratio

of 0.3, and W/C ratio of 0.5.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012179

9.4 Prediction the Strength of Fibered Reinforced Concrete Pavement Using

Response Surface Methodology: Parametric Study

Mundher A. Abdulridha, Mohamed M. Salman and Qais Sahib Banyhussan

Abstract: Due to the pattern of load distribution in terms of load-carrying capacity, strength

considered the major factor in design of pavement. For design the thickness of the rigid pavement,

modulus of rupture (flexural strength) values used in the design procedure. The main purpose of

the present study is to design optimum Eco-friendly concrete mixtures containing different amount

of Fibers used in rigid pavement matching Iraqi requirements by using Response Surface

Methodology (RSM). The experiments were designed using a thirty mixtures with four factors,

namely, the cement content 300,400 and 500 kg/m3, Steel fiber (0,0.075, and 0.15 Vol.%), three

different volume of Polypropylene fiber (0,0.35 and 0.7 Vol.%), and 0, 5, and 10% Silica fume by

weight of cement. The results stated that cement amount and steel fiber volume are the higher

factors affecting the mechanical properties flowed by pp fiber and silica. Furthermore, a good

correlation between the adopted variables and mechanical properties (compressive and flexural

strength) was found through statistical models, where the correlation coefficients (R2) for all

models were greater than 0.90. Optimal components to design concrete mixtures used in pavement

that having compressive strength of (>30 Mpa) and flexural; strength of (> 4.1 Mpa) are cement

375 kg/m3, silica fume 0.002%, steel fiber 1.44e-005 (Vol.%), and PP fiber 4.53e-006(Vol.%).

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012180

9.5 Management of Natural Iraqi Water Resources, Aims And Challenges

Ala H. Elaiwi, Karima Hasan and Mufid Al-Hadithi

Abstract: There are a number of reasons that contributed to the water scarcity problem in Iraq,

represented by the water policy by shared countries with Iraq, climate changes in the last few years

and the mismanagement of the water resources in Iraq that faces many challenges such as the

increased demand on water due to the abnormal growth of population, as well as the high river

sediment and neglecting the sanitation systems and mix them with rainwater, in addition to

discharge them directly to the rivers which led to rivers pollution and deteriorate their quality. The

drought of Mesopotamian Marshes had a significant effect that resulted in environmental changes

and increased the impact of desertification. Thus, solving the problem of water is done through the

existence of a strong federal government that develops plans which follows a water policy suits

the geography of the area and overcome the Iraqi's riparian states competition

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https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012181

9.6 Municipal Waste Water Treatment Using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

H.M Mohammed and M.E Kheria

Abstract: The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) method was used throughout this research; the

experiments were carried out at the site of the Zafaraniya (MBR) project. This system has also the

advantages of low initial and performance costs. Different time periods were used in this study

ranging (3-8) hours for 9 months, the tests has been conducted in the environmental laboratory of

the Zafaraniya (MBR) project. The removal efficiency of PO4 from waste water depends on the

change of anoxic conditions to aerobic. This efficiency is a maximum when the periods of the two

types of conditions are equal; the removal of NO3 depends on food supply for micro-organisms

which convert nitrates to nitrogen gas under anoxic conditions so it is change able. According to

the results gained, this kind of treatment could be used to removal phosphates & nitrates from

waste waters, several experiments were conducted for the process and with different times that

occur in a reactor (SBR) to reach the appropriate time to remove all pollutants from the waste

water. The removal ratio was achieved when the time of the anaerobic process was equal to the

time of the aerobic process that followed it. High removing efficiency in the pollutants was

obtained. Phosphorous and nitrate from waste water, the percentages of removal were reached at

(91.3% & 98%) for PO4 and NH3 relatively.

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10 Water Management

10.1 Selection of water harvesting sites in Horan valley

Ali Dahham Ahmed, Isam M. Abdulhameed, Emad T. Abdel Ghani and Muthanna K. Ibrahim

Abstract: Geographic techniques were used to select the sites of water harvesting systems within

the Horan basin. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and pairwise comparison were used to

determine the importance of selected traits for water harvesting (soil texture area, runoff, Land

cover,). A total of 96 water harvesting sites were identified, of which 11 were found to be the most

important. The results showed that the use of AHP to compare the pairs of traits affecting water

harvesting. There are several promising areas for harvesting, totaling 96 sites, distributed between

sandy and loamy sand and sandy clay loam. With 11 sites characterized by sandy clay soil and

high surface runoff. The site 41 has the highest weight in the selected traits 0.557, while the site

84 was the lowest weight and reached 0.339 in terms of importance. The total area of the 96 study

sites reached 35402.48 ha, which constitutes 19.7% of the area of the valley, while the area of the

most important sites for harvesting, which amounted to 11 sites (633.49) ha, which constitutes

(0.35%) of Total area of the valley and 1.7% of the total area of the water harvesting sites. The

volume of water collected at all harvest sites (96 sites) was 20288131.92 m3, 567159.58 m3. The

correlation between the different characteristics, the derivation of a mathematical equation that

reflects the values of the best sites using a program, and then a map of calculated values, is

calculated to determine their suitability in the application.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012183

10.2 Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using Correlation Matrix in Humaydat-

Region, Mosul, Iraq

Eman A. Rahman

Abstract: The current study deals with analyzing samples of 29 groundwater samples collected

from 29 wells which are used in the Humaydat-Mosul region for irrigation, home use, and

sometimes for drinking purposes. Standard water tests were carried out over the course of a year,

all of which were in use. The tests included HCO3 −, CL−, Mg +2, Na +, NO3 −, Ca+2, SO4 −2, TDS, EC

and the well depth with the symbol D and conducting statistical analysis method (Main

Components) for the tests. The correlation matrix showed that the significant levels between the

components of the study, as a result, the TDS, EC and SO4 −2 distinct roots are known for the

regression equation that will connect the distinctive roots with the other components. Thus these

water wells are not valid for human and domestic use and were outside the permissible limits and

the viability of those wells water for agricultural use after treatment on water

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012184

10.3 Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Water Quality Index Technique: A

Case Study of Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq.

I. M. Al-Tameemi, M. B. Hasan, H. A. Al-Mussawy and A. T. Al-Madhhachi

Abstract: The quality of groundwater is a global concern that is usually assessed using quality

indices. The Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) alongside with Geographical Information

system (GIS) were adopted to evaluate the quality of Kirkuk's groundwater in terms of its

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suitability for drinking, irrigation, aquatic, recreational purposes, and livestock uses, in 60 wells

within the time period of 2017 to 2019. The groundwater quality was assessed depending on Iraq's

and world health organization (WHO) guidelines. The Iraqi standards were used for drinking

purposes. The WHO standards were used for irrigation, aquatic, recreational, and livestock

purposes. Both standards were incorporated in CWQI Excel Spreadsheet to evaluate the

groundwater quality for studied wells. Samples were collected and analyzed for 15 major

parameters. According to the CWQI, groundwater samples obtained were classified as marginal

in 2017 and 2018; while poor water for drinking was observed in 2019.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012185

10.4 Recycling of Agriculture Wastes for Efficient Removal of Methyl Orange

Dye Using Batch Adsorption Unit

Ihsan Habib Dakhil

Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to exam the ability of agriculture wastes without

pretreatment such as date palm fibers (DPF), sawdust (SD), rice husk (RH) as low-cost adsorbents

for removing of methyl orange dye (MO) from industrial wastewater. The operating parameters

were designed under isothermal batch conditions to study the influence of pH (2-10), initial

concentration of MO dye (100-500) mg/l, adsorbent dose (0.1-1) g/100 ml and contact time (10-

150) min. The optimum conditions were pH = 2, the initial concentration of dye = 100 mg/l, the

amount of adsorbent dose = 0.6 g/100ml and 120 min contact time. At these conditions, the

maximum removal efficiency was 95%, 86% and 77% for DPF, SD, and RH, respectively. There

are two advantages to this work, it can remove MO dye from wastewater and disposal of

agricultural wastes. The equilibrium results were compared with the most common isotherm

adsorption models, Langmuir and Freundlich models, to measure the conformity of results

obtained. It was fitted with the two models with a high correlation coefficient (R2) for all adsorbents.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012186

10.5 Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Pomegranate Peel

Musaab K. Rashed and Wissam Tayh

Abstract: Research was undertaking to evaluate the ability of pomegranate peel in removing heavy

metal cations Cu+2, Cd+2 & Zn+2 from wastewater. Simulated artificial water via batch adsorption

approach was used in this study. Pomegranate peel was cleaned thoroughly to remove dust and

dirt before drying them. Next, the peels were grinded (approximately less than 1mm in size) and

directly used in different adsorbent/metal ion ratios. The metal ion concentration begins from 1000

ppm. The effect of contact duration, initial concentration of metal ion and loading weight of

adsorbent on the percentage of heavy metal removal were investigated. The experiment was

conducted at room temperature of 25 °C and pH value was maintained at the range of 5 to 6. From

the observation and analysis, it was found that pomegranate peel successfully removed the heavy

metals. The removal percentage observed was 80% for Cu+2 ions, 50.5% for Cd+2 ions and 32.5%

for Zn+2 ions. The removal percentage was achieved within an hour of contact with an adsorbent

loading ratio of 30 g/l. However, the removal percentage of mixed ions was relatively low,

resulting from competition and interaction between the ions. The Pomegranate peel is available in

huge quantities, low cost and can be used as an efficient metal ion adsorbent.

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11 Pollution Control

11.1 Using The Glass and Rubber waste as Sustainable Materials to Prepare

Foamed Concrete with Improved Properties

Awham M. Hameed and Ruqaya F. Hamada

Abstract: Building materials and technologies in the world have evolved in line with the new

requirements for sustainable construction, which have spread throughout the world to reduce

damage to the environment and reduce energy consumption, and rely on renewable energy sources

to ensure the rights of future generations of environmental resources. This paper aims at identifying

the possibility of using recycled materials such as glass powder (windows glass) and rubber wastes

(gloves) to produce the foamed concrete as a substitute filler for cement. The samples of foamed

were prepared by using two different percentages of foam agent (FA). The use of gloves rubber

waste (GV) and glass powder (GP) in this study could enhance the strength by filling the voids in

foam concrete. The amount of rubber waste and glass powder used as additive in foam concrete

are 1, 3, 5 wt. % of rubber waste and 1, 0.7 wt. % of glass powder. The mix design was set to

achieve a target density of 1600kg/m3. The results showed that the optimum compressive strength

value is 10.26MPa of water cured sample at 0.8wt. %FA and 0.7wt.%GP but it is 9.26MPa of air

cured sample at 1wt.%FA and 0.7wt.%GP. Flexural strength values were 3.79MPa, 3.87MPa of

water and air cured samples at 0.8%FA and 0.7%GP while the splitting tensile strength was

increased to 1.71MPa, 1.52MPa in both curing methods for the same percentages. The bulk density

was decreased with increasing of glass powder and foam agent content. It is found that the best

thermal conductivity value is 0.4096(W/m c) to achieve appropriate insulation property of the

sample contained 1wt. % of each FA and GP. All of the studied properties were increased after

adding 1wt. % of gloves rubber waste (GV).

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012188

11.2 Performance of Oil on Bio-Methane Creation under Anaerobic Co-

Fermentation Condition. Review

A A. Alhraishawi, W K Alani, M T Chaichan and R S Jawad

Abstract: Anaerobic fermentation of oil is becoming appealing benefit due to its high

biodegradation in outputting biogas. Due to a complex synthesis organic wastes, oil has been

inspected as potency the substrate to output biogas when fermented under non-aerobically as

compared to {carbohydrate and protein}. However, it is familiar that oil degradation leads to

inhibition of biogas creation with delay phase occurrence, sewage floatation, and failure. Co-

fermentation of oil wastes has offered a promotion to bio methane creation of reducing

decomposition of the bacteria but the test of slow 'hydrolysis' due to inhibition still takes place.

Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) generated during hydrolysis is recognized as firstly inhibitor due

to its poisoning influences on cell wall adsorption by communities bacteria. This research reviews

the scientific previously literature on biogas creation, ways to minimize oil discouraged in

promotion biogas creation.

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11.3 Determination the effect of gamma radiation on CR-39 detector by analysis

of photoelasticity images using MATLAB software

Sinan Mohamed Hasan, Hussain Ali Al-Jobouri, O. A. Jalal, Jamal Abduljabar Hasan and Laith A. Najam

Abstract: The effect of gamma radiation on CR-39 detector was determinate through the image

processing for the photoelasticity images by using of MATLAB software. The maximum change

different in CR-39 detector colors at photoelasticity technique was appear at the value 2 kN as a

mechanical compression effect. It was adopted this value of mechanical compression on CR-39

detector to calculation the change in color percentage -C% for four colors red, green, magenta and

yellow. It was found the increase of gamma irradiation dose -D(Gy) on CR-39 detector at the range

(100 to 600 Gy) lead to change in color percentage - C% for four colors. The polynomial equation

for red color was a good smooth relation compared with polynomial equations for green, magenta,

where the yellow color behavior as a logarithmic relation. The red color relation used to

determination the effect of gamma radiation on CR-39 detector due to the clear behavior between

D(Gy) with C%. In this study, we can consider that the image processing for the photoelasticity

images of CR-39 detector by using of MATLAB software was a good method to calculate the

effect of gamma radiation on CR-39 detector compared with other methods in this field.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012190

11.4 The Influence of Process Parameters on Anthocyanin Content in Ipomoea

Batatas Extract

Nguyen Thuc Boi Huyen and Nguyen Hoc Thang

Abstract: Anthocyanin content reaches high value in hot extraction conditions of Ipomoea Batatas

at 60°C, using a mixture of ethanol: water at ratio of 4:1. The sizes of the material had significantly

affected the anthocyanin content in Ipomoea Batatas solution. The colour of the anthocyanin-rich

extracted solution varied significantly in range of pH from 1-12. So, anthocyanin was used as a

colour indicator. Qualitative method by colorimetric showed that the colour of anthocyanin

extracted solution was very little change during the 30-day survey period (without preservatives).

However, quantitative analysis by UV-Vis, with a maximum wavelength of λmax = 523 nm, shows

that the absorbance of anthocyanin decreased markedly with time of storage. Experimental results

showed that the storage environment also influences anthocyanin colour and uptake in Ipomoea

Batatas extracted solution.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/881/1/012190



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